高中英语高考第2部分 语法专项突破 专题3 第2讲 名词性从句课件PPT
展开名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子,它的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
内容索引 /NEI RONG SUO YIN
Many students dn’t knw what they shuld d①,but what Xia Meng wants t d② is t earn mney.The reasn is that she wants t lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small cmpanies need graduates t d part-time jbs②.Xia Meng has applied fr tw jbs but she is nt sure abut whether she will be emplyed①.She als wnders when she will be admitted t a cllege① and which city she will g①.She is anxius fr the news that she is admitted t a gd university④.
①位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从句为名词性从句中的主语从句。此外,该种从句可以用it置于句首,作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的从句是名词性从句中的表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后,解释该名词内容的句子为同位语从句。
1.名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:
2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。D yu knw where will the party be held?(×)D yu knw where the party will be held?(√)3.what & thatthat是连词,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词,在名词性从句中充当成分,通常充当主语、宾语、表语。I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。I believe what he said because he is an hnest man.我相信他说的话,因为他是个诚实的人。
4.whether & if(1)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中表示“是否”,必须用whether。只有在it作形式主语的主语从句中,可用if。(2)宾语从句中一般情况下whether与if 可以通用,但在以下情况下不能用if ,只能用whether:a.介词后 b.其后跟不定式 c.其后紧跟r nt d.引导让步状语从句结论:在学生的写作中,只要表是否,一律用whether。
5.wh & whever名词性从句中的wh翻译为“谁”,带有疑问意味。而whever则翻译为“不论是谁”,没有疑问。D yu knw wh brke the windw?你知道是谁打破了窗户吗?Whever brke it will be punished.不论是谁打破了窗户都得挨罚。
6.that不可省略的情况(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时;that引导表语从句时;that引导同位语从句时;当it作形式宾语,that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,其他的that不可省;结论:学生习作中,that一律不省略。在同一个谓语动词之后有多个宾语从句并列时,注意句子的理解,要知道后面的that从何而来。如She said (that) she had brken up with her byfriend,that she was heartbrken,and that she wuld never fall in lve again.她说她和男朋友分手了,她很伤心,而且她不会再爱了。
7.同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后,对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news,idea,fact,prmise,cnclusin,thery,questin,dubt,thught,hpe,message,suggestin,wrd(消息),pssibility,decisin等。At first many peple were astnished at the cnclusin that the earth is nt the centre f universe.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。
点对点练习单句语法填空1. she wants t knw is when the party will be held.2. he will give up his jb surprises all f us.3. did it shuld be respnsible fr it.4. the meeting will be held this afternn is nt knwn reasn why he was late was he was caught in a traffic jam.6.I dubt he has the ability t d it seemed a lng time,he came t himself.
Where/Whether
8.He said he was wrng and he wanted t make an aplgy t expressed his hpe he wuld visit China again.
1.By bat is the nly way t get here,which is we arrived.(2018·江苏)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词hw引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。
2.Every year, makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:每年风筝做的最漂亮的人将会获得一份奖品。空格所在的从句是名词性从句,缺主语指人,根据句意,此处应该是不论谁。故填whever。
3.We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20,half f it used t charge.(2017·江苏)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:我们选择这家旅馆是因为它价格低至一夜20美元,是其过去要价的一半。空格所在的从句为f的宾语从句,从句中缺charge的宾语。故填what。
4.She asked me I had returned the bks t the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认,我还没有还。根据句意,应该填是否,且此处为宾语从句,故填whether/if。
5.Yu have t knw yu’re ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there.(2015·湖南)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:如果你要计划到达那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。根据句意可知填where。
名词性从句解题三步走第一步:根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。第二步:一旦判断是名词性从句,就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词。指物用what,whatever;指人用wh,whever。第三步:如果不缺少主语或宾语,要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that,有疑问则根据句意使用when,where,why,hw,whether等。
单句语法填空1.He was nt lking fr thers’ smiles,r wrrying abut __________smene was watching r nt.
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导宾语从句,结合后面的r nt可判定答案为whether。
2.Helen McCarthy,an authr and expert n Japanese Cartns,explained the character is s ppular.“Because Hell Kitty is all abut happiness,friendship and fun.”
解析 考查名词性从句。此处引导宾语从句,根据后面的Because一词可判定答案为why。
3.My first task was t decide where t g and t get there.
解析 根据常识可知,设空处表示“如何”,故填hw。
4.Students can chse they want t d and register nline.
what/whatever
解析 “ they want t d”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,故填what或whatever。
5.Mr White is ppsed t repairing the ld building,and that’s ______I dn’t agree.
解析 设空处引导表语从句,从句中agree 是不及物动词,其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。
6.The prblem is ne less hur f sleep is nt equal t an extra hur f achievement.
解析 分析句子结构可知,is后为表语从句,从句的结构和句意完整,故填that。
7.Twenty-five years later the traveler returned t the same place. he saw amazed him.He culd nt believe his wn eyes.
解析 设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示事物;位于句首,大写首字母,所以填What。
8.Therefre,it is advisable yu shuld value and treat them with care.
解析 “ yu shuld value and treat them with care”为主语从句,该从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导。
9.They wuld appreciate it,t be frank, the gds culd be delivered as sn as pssible.
解析 wuld appreciate it if...表示“如果……将不胜感激”,it作形式宾语,if引导的从句是真正的宾语。
10.I asked him his father had dne s that he became such a gd persn.
解析 设空处引导宾语从句,作asked的宾语,从句中缺少had dne的宾语,指“什么”,因此用what引导该从句。
1.It is nt a prblem we can win the battle;it’s just a matter f time.(2020·江苏)
解析 考查主语从句。句意为:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故填whether。
2.The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ___________Prfessr Jseph had said.(2020·天津)
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。 Prfessr Jseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示“……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。
3.While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence they range all the way acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容,故填that。
4.I’m nt sure is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为:我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕,是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。
5.Scientists have btained mre evidence plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江苏)
解析 考查同位语从句。从句不缺句子成分,且解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容,所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
6.This is my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.(2018·北京)
解析 根据设空处前的is 可以判断,此处是一个表语从句。 从句中谓语动词用法为teach sb. sth. ,缺少直接宾语。故填what。
7.The gld medal will be awarded t wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津)
解析 介词t后是宾语从句,从句中动词wins前缺主语,而且金牌给的是“任何……的人”,故用whever引导宾语从句。
8.It is pssible caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans,t.(2018·11月浙江)
解析 分析句子结构可知,该句是一个主从复合句,it作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。
名词性从句篇1. wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2. she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者的同学玛丽的烦恼,玛丽担心自己体重过重并且经常生病,向王教授咨询,在王教授的帮助下,通过均衡饮食和运动变得越来越健康。
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知,第一个空为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“什么,所……的”,故填what。
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,is后面为表语从句,从句成分完整,因此用that引导,that无实际意义,在句中不作任何成分。故填that。
She has sme dubts 3. she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar.Als,with the cllege entrance examinatin appraching,she becmes mre stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.
解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知,dubt后接的是同位语从句,从句说的是dubt的内容,从句中不缺少成分,缺少“是否”的意思,故填whether。
Maybe this is 4. she becmes fatter these days,she thinks.5. she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins.
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“……的原因”,故填why。
解析 考查主语从句。句意为:如何变得更苗条和更健康已经成为她的主要任务。分析句子可知,has been前为主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“如何,怎样”,故填hw。
But where she culd get better suggestins and 6. will give her better advice als puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestin 7. she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital.
解析 考查主语从句。句意为:但是,在哪里她可以得到更好的建议,谁会给她更好的建议,这也让她感到困惑。分析句子可知,puzzle前为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“谁”,故填wh。
解析 考查主语从句。句意为:她父母建议她应该咨询中山医院的王教授。分析句子可知,it为形式主语,真正的主语为空后的从句,从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整,故填that。
Prfessr Wang suggests 8. she keep a balanced diet first.She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber,vitamin and prtein.What’s mre,if she wants t lse weight,she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day.Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9. she shuld take exercise.
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,suggests后接的是宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整,故填that。
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,ask接双宾语,空后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,根据下文可知表示“什么时间”,故填when。
Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ’clck in the afternn. That is 10. she will have mre time t d sprts.It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw.
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“原因”,故填because。
1.what引导的名词性从句最显眼典例 (2019·6月浙江)我写信感谢你为我做的一切。I’m writing t thank yu fr what yu have dne fr me.运用 (2019·6月浙江)让我印象最为深刻的是你领着我参观你们的城市,以便我尽快熟悉环境。
What impressed me mst was that yu shwed me arund yur city s that I culd be familiar with the envirnment.
2.同位语从句放在开头实力开篇典例 (2020·7月浙江)听到你请病假回家的消息,我很难过。I am srry t hear the news that yu have gne back hme n sick leave.运用 (2017·11月浙江)听说你今年寒假不回国,我想邀请你到我家来过春节。
Hearing the news that yu’re nt ging back this winter hliday,I want t invite yu t spend the Spring Festival with my family.
3.表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全典例 (2016·全国Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的会要参加。I’m srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu as planned.The reasn is that I have an imprtant meeting t attend then.运用 (2018·北京)我建议你申请北京大学,原因是它的汉语言文学专业非常棒。
I suggest that yu apply fr Peking University.The reasn is that its Chinese Literature majr is perfect.
4.That’s because/why灵活简练典例 (2018·全国Ⅰ)不要送钟、伞或者梨这样的礼物。这是因为它们代表不好的含义。Dn’t bring a clck,an umbrella r sme pears as presents.That’s because they stand fr bad luck.运用 (2019·天津)我五岁时开始学画画,我非常喜爱绘画。这就是我想让你安排关于西方美术的讲座的原因。
I tk up drawing at the age f five and I’m fnd f painting.This is why I want yu t arrange a lecture n western art.
5.注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合典例 (2019·北京)我建议你从北京开始,我会带你游览这个城市。I suggest that yu begin frm Beijing and I will shw yu arund this city.运用 (2018·全国Ⅰ)首先,建议你早到5-10分钟,这在中国的传统文化中是很常见的。
Firstly,it is recmmended that yu arrive 5 t 10 minutes earlier,which is cmmn in traditinal Chinese culture.
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