高中英语高考高中英语定语从句 课件PPT

这是一份高中英语高考高中英语定语从句 课件PPT，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了练习 1，with which，in which等内容，欢迎下载使用。

5.关系词的用法是什么？
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。
a by with glasses
a by wh is brave and wearing glasses
2. 什么成分可以作定语？
1.My brther likes playing basketball. 我兄弟喜欢打篮球。（代词作前置定语）2.There are few wmen wrkers in the factry. 这个工厂女工很少。（形容词、名词作前置定语）3.I have smething imprtant t tell yu. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。（形容词作后置定语）4.We have ten desks in the rm. 我们房间有十张书桌。（数词作前置定语）5.The wrkers here cme frm Sichuan. 这里的工人来自四川。（副词作后置定语）
6.Yesterday the scientist made a reprt n mdern science. 这位科学家昨天给我们作了有关现代科学的报告。（介词短语作后置定语）7.He was the best man t d the jb. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。（形容词作前置定语，动词不定式作后置定语）8.The by playing the pian is my brther. 弹钢琴的男孩是我的弟弟。（现在分词短语作后置定语）9.The drmitry built last year is fr freshmen. 去年盖的宿舍时为大一新生准备的。（过去分词短语作后置定语）10.This is the new dictinary which I bught yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的新字典。（定语从句作后置定语）
3. 什么是定语从句？
一个句子在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
句子结构：先行词+关系词（代、副）+句子剩余成分
4. 如何选择关系代词？
（一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1.先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，需要用that/wh引导，且不能省略。 She is the girl wh/that lives next dr.2.先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语，需要用that/which引导，且不能省略。 The wrk that/which has just been finished is very imprtant.3.先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语，用wh/whm/that引导，且可以省略。 That’s the girl (wh/whm/that) I teach.
（一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法4.先行词指物且在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that引导，且可以省略。 This is the bk (that/which) I want t read.5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语，用whse或f whm/f which引导。 This is the scientist whse achievements are well knwn. = This is the scientist, f whm the achievements are well knwn. = This is the scientist, the achievements f whm are well knwn. This is the huse whse windw brke last night. = This is the huse, f which the windw brke last night. = This is the huse, the windw f which brke last night.
（一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法6. as引导限制性定语从句的主要结构有：the same…as；as…as；such…as；s…as。主句中出现the same, as, such, s修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例：It’s the same persn as we wanted t find yesterday. We have fund such materials as are used in the factry.
用关系代词填空1.The huse _________ windws face t the nrth belngs t man _______________yu met just nw is my ld man ________ is walking in the playgrund is my ld the bk_________ is lying n the is such a girl _____is always finding fault with ther peple.
6.This is the man ________ wants t see student ___________ answered the questin is Zhang man __________ yu went t see has is the pen _________ yu lst the day befre bks _____________ yu lent me were very useful.
11.I knw the persn _____ cmpany prduces cmputers. 12.This is the persn ______stry surprised everybdy. 13. The by _________we saw yesterday was Jhn's brther.14. The gld medal ______ she wn has been given t her ld schl.
一、只使用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the ne, smething, anything, everything, nthing等时。We'll d all that we can t prtect the endangered plants and animals.我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。There is much that I want t tell yu.我有很多想要告诉你的话。Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么我可以帮你的吗？2. 先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如：Yu can brrw any bk that yu want t read in ur schl library.在我们图书馆，你可以借任何你想读的书。3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the mst beautiful city that I've ever seen.这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行词被the nly, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如：This is the very factry that they visited last summer hliday.这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。This is the nly painting in this style that we have.这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。5. 先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如：He talked happily f the writer and his bks that interested him.6. 先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如：This is the same purse that I lst yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如：This is the same purse as I lst yesterday.这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
7. 先行词为数词时。Lk at the bks n the bkshelf. Yu can see the tw that yu bught me fr my birthday.瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如：They built a factry which prduced things that had never been seen.他们建了一工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。Which is the bus that yu will take?
10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如：My hmetwn is n lnger the place that it used t be.我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
1.I refuse t accept the blame fr smething ______ was smene else’s the presents _______ yur friends gave yu n yur birthday shuld be put is the very bk ______ I have been lking fr.4. I made a speech n the men and things _______I had seen abrad. 5.Tm is nt the by _______ he was. 6.All ________she lacked was wuld never d anything _______ was nt apprved f by her parents. 8.The first thing _______yu shuld d is t wrk ut a plan.
二、只使用which的情况：
1.在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.例如：The huse in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that。 例如： This is the questin which/that we’ve had s much discussin abut. =This is the questin abut which we’ve had s much discussin. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2.先行词为“thse＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：Students shuld keep in mind thse regulatins which restrict their behavir. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。A bkshp shuld deal with a variety f thse best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。3.在非限定性定语从句中，无论如何也不能用thatThese bks, which yu can get at any crner f the twn will give yu all the infrmatin.这本书你可以在镇里的各个角落获取得到，它会给你所有的信息。
4.当先行词本身为that（指代）时What abut that which had appeared in recent activities.那个怎么样，在最近的活动中出现过. (结合具体语境看that所指代的是什么)5.先行词后面有插入语的时候，只用which，不用that。Here is the English grammar bk which, as I’ve tld yu, will help yu imprve yur English.这就是我告诉过你的那本语法书，它能帮你提高英语。
三、介词+关系代词的语法
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用which或whm，并且不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于句末时，可用that/which（指物），wh/whm/that（指人）作介词宾语，并且可以省略。①A. The persn (wh/ that /whm) yu shuld write t is Mr. Ball.B. The persn t whm yu shuld write is Mr. Ball.②A. The games (which /that) he tk part in were swimming and shting.B. The games in which he tk part were swimming and shting. 注：当关系代词作 lk fr, lk after, take care f等不能拆开使用的短语动词的宾语时, 介词不能提前。
A. Have yu met the persn _____________whm he was speaking?
Hw t chse the right prepsitins
1. Find ut which verb the prepsitin is used with. Fr example:
B. He is the man ____whm yu shuld give yur thanks.
with/t/abut
A. The farm ______which we wrked ten years ag isn’t what it used t be.
2. Find ut which nun r prnun the clause mdifies (修饰). Fr example:
B. This is the tree _________which we used t play games.
3. Find ut the meaning f the clause. Fr example:
A. The pen ________which he is writing nw was bught yesterday.
B. The gas ______________which we can nt live is called xygen.
(He is writing with the pen.)
(We can nt live withut the gas.)
1. The bk _____________ I heard was written twenty years ag.
2. The peple ____________ the man spke weren’t listening.
3. The film ____________ I fell asleep was very bring.
f/abut which
during which
5. The little creature ________ scientists are interested is knwn as ET.
6. The gun __________ he was sht was never fund.
4. The pen __________ she wrte that bk can nw be seen in a museum.
关系副词when的用法 when 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。如：Can yu tell me the time when the film will start? =Can yu tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？(限制性定语从句) I will never frget the day, when I jined the Party. =I will never frget the day, n which I jined the Party. 我入党的那一天，我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句)
关系副词where的用法 where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。如：This is the schl where I studied a few years ag. =This is the schl in which I studied a few years ag. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。 Let’s g t the cncert, where yu will find much fun. =Let’s g t the cncert, in which yu will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧，在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。
关系副词why的用法 why只能引导限制性定语从句，先行词只有reasn一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“fr + which”。如：D yu knw the reasn why he is nt here nw? =D yu knw the reasn fr which he is nt here nw? 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？
六、使用关系副词应注意的几点
1. hw 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将hw用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式：他说话就是那个样子。误：This is the way hw he spke.正：This is hw he spke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spke.2. 关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用fr which reasn)。3. 引导定语从句时，when 的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reasn)，但是反过来却不一定。如：Dn't frget the time (that) I've tld yu. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。D yu knw the huse (that) he bught recently? 你知道他最近买的那座房子吗？Please tell me the reasn (that) yu knw. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
4. where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法归纳。①where定语从句修饰抽象名词pintYu reach a pint where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a pint where the receiver will have t be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。We have reached a pint where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。注：有时pint也可以是具体的地点：The accident happened at the pint where the A15 jins the M1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。
②where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the wrd “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。Tday, we’ll discuss a number f cases where beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。③where定语从句修饰抽象名词activityT thse successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity where sight matters mre than hearing. 对对那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员来说，舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉重要的活动。
④where定语从句修饰抽象名词situatinHe gt int a situatin where it is hard t decide what is right and wrng.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。If yu risk smething imprtant, yu cause it t be in a dangerus situatin where yu might lse it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。⑤where定语从句修饰抽象名词psitinIt’s put me in a psitin where I can’t affrd t take the jb.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。⑥where定语从句修饰抽象名词jbShe wants a jb where her management skills can be put t gd use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。I dn’t want a jb where I’m chained t a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。
1. We’re just trying t reach a pint _______ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. which2. She had gt t the pint ______ she felt that she culd nt take any mre.A. what B. when C. where D. which3. The treatment will cntinue until the patient reaches the pint ______ he can walk crrectly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. that4. It was s cnfusing that eventually it gt t the pint ______ n ne knew what was ging n.A. when B. that C. which D. where5. I dn’t want a jb ______ I’m chained t a desk fr eight hurs a day.A. which B. where C. what D. when6. what d yu think f teaching, Bb? ——I find it fun and challenging. It is a jb_________yu are ding smething serius but interesting.A. where B. when C.that D. which
（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
1.同先行词的关系上：限制性定语从句同先行词关系密切，如果去掉会影响整个意义的表达；非限制性定语从句同先行词的关系不密切，删掉后不影响总体意思的表达。例：A shp shuld keep a stck f gds which sells best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。（若去掉定语从句句意将改变） 2.形式上：限制性定语从句通常不与先行词隔开，非限制性定语从句用逗号同先行词隔开。
（二）非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法
基本用法和限制性定语从句差不多,但在以下方面有所区别： 1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。 I want t buy a dictinary, which is valuable t my learning. (which不可省) 2.wh（主语，宾语），whm（宾语），which（主语，宾语）不能用that代替，即在非限制定语从句中没有关系代词that。 This is New Yrk, which I have visited fr several times.(which不能用that替代) 3.which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子。 He was late again, which made his teacher unhappy. 4.关系代词as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中作主语或宾语。 As we all knw, China is a develping cuntry. As is knwn t us all, China is in the east f Asia.
3.使用的关联代词：由that ,wh, which等关联代词引导的限制性定语从句中，当关联代词在从句中作宾语或表语时可以省略，whm作为动词宾语或作为介词宾语但没有与介词紧挨时可以用wh替代；在非限制性定语从句中不可省略关联代词，且不可使用关联代词that，whm不可用wh来替代。例：The purpse f this trip was t recrd the wildlife and plants （that/which） we fund in the frest. 这次旅行的目的是把我们在森林里发现的野生动物和植物记录下来。
4.限制性定语从句只修饰先行词，而非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词、句子的一部分或是整个句子。 例：We dn't like this rm，which is t cld. 我们不喜欢这个房间，它太冷了。（修饰先行词） He said he was busy, which was untrue. 他说他很忙，其实不然。（修饰前面的整个句子） 5.翻译习惯上：限制性定语从句翻译时多译作前置定语；非限制性定语从句翻译时可选择译作并列分句。 例：I want a man wh knws sme Spanish. 我需要一个懂点儿西班牙语的人。 I want him, wh knws sme Spanish. 我要他，因为他懂点儿西班牙语。
6.即使汉语翻译相同，表达的含义上二者仍可能有差异。例：Tm's sister wh is a teacher is cming t New Yrk. Tm's sister, wh is a teacher, is cming t New Yrk. 汤姆的那位教师姐妹要来纽约。 （第一句的意思是，汤姆有多位姐妹，要来纽约的是当教师的那位； 第二句的意思是，汤姆只有一位姐妹且她是一位教师，她要来纽约。） Water which is clear has many uses. Water, which is clear has many uses. （第一句的意思是，清澈的水有多种用途，换言之不清澈的水未必； 第二句的意思是，水是一种清澈的液体，水有很多用途。）