高中英语高考高考英语复习——句子体系课件PPT

这是一份高中英语高考高考英语复习——句子体系课件PPT，共24页。PPT课件主要包含了试译一下等内容，欢迎下载使用。
提 纲一、句子概论二、基本句型三、基本句型的转换四、基本句型的扩大
一、句子概论1、句子的特征 句子是一组词按照语法规律构成的语言单位，具有相对独立而完整的意义。 It is ht tday. Tm runs very fast. Can yu speak English? Give me sme advice, please. Peter asked me t leave at nce.
2、句子成分 一个句子的各个组成部分，叫做句子成分，有主要成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语，次要成分定语和状语。除此之外还有同位语、插入语、呼语和感叹语。Lk, a beautiful blue Eurpean bird that is sitting n tp f the tree is singing happily in frnt f my huse, with s many ther birds listening carefully arund her.请分析一下它的句子成分！此句能简化吗？
删繁就简三千树,立异标新二月花!
1、你是谁？2、这是谁的书？3、他跑得多快！4、天很热。5、咱们一起去看比赛，好吗？6、老师要求我们不要在街上踢球。7、我给他买了生日礼物。8、这台电脑产于台湾。
主 语 主语是句子所叙述的主体，说明句子讲的人或事。可以做主语的有：1、名词 Shanghai is in the east f China.2、代词 I bught a new bk.3、数词 Three and three makes six.4、不定式 T see is t believe.5、动名词 Smking is harmful t health.6、名词化的形容词 The ld shuld be taken gd care f.7、从句 What he said is nt true.8、形式主语 It is a gd habit t get up early.
谓 语 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词承当，一般放在主语之后。谓语动词有实意/行为动词和系动词，实意/行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。Mary is carefree.The new term will begin sn.I lve my mtherland.Dad bught me a bike last Sunday.Bill kept us laughing all thrugh supper.
宾 语 宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果，是动作的承受者。在动词之后的叫动词宾语，在介词之后的叫介词宾语。可以做宾语的有：1、名词 Henry lst his parents in his childhd.2、代词 Everyne likes her.3、数词 I want fur.4、名词化的形容词 We shuld help the pr.5、不定式 I’d like t have sme cffee.6、动名词 Harry enjys skiing.7、宾语从句 I think that yu are right. 另外宾语还有双宾语和复合宾语。
双 宾 语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语往往指事物，而间接宾语常常指人。间接宾语通常在前。Pass me the bk, please.Fetch me sme water.为了强调直接宾语，上面的句子可以转换成：Pass the bk t me, please.Fetch sme water fr me.1)能用t转换 的动词有bring,give, lend,hand,send,ffer,pass,prmise,shw,teach,pay, tell,write;2)能用fr转换 的动词有call,ck, fetch,chse,find,get,d,rder,buy,make,draw,sing,save,spare.
复 合 宾 语 有些及物动词除了接宾语外，还接补足语，即宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语+补语合称为复合宾语。宾补可以有下列形式：1、名词 They named him Jhn.2、形容词 I cnsider yu bright.3、介词短语 Barry fund himself in truble.4、分词 I saw them playing ftball.5、不定式 I saw them play ftball.
表 语 表语是对主语的补充说明，即表达主语的特征，通常在系动词之后，有下列形式：1、名词 I am a teacher.2、代词 That’s all.3、形容词 Kate is cute.4、副词 A new film is n tnight.5、介词词组 ur classrm is n the third flr.6、不定式 We are t g hiking tmrrw.7、动名词 My jb is teaching yu English.8、表语从句 This is what they saw last night.
定 语 定语的作用是修饰和限定名词或代词，可以做定语的有：1、形容词 Issac Newtn is a famus scientist.2、名词 This is my car factry.3、动名词 He is in the sleeping car.4、分词 Lk at the sleeping baby.5、不定式 I have n pen t write with.6、介词短语 I finally thught a slutin t the prblem.7、副词 I used t live in the rm abve.8、从句 He wh laughs last laughs best.
状 语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、程度、方式或伴随情况，可以充当状语的有：1、副词 Jill writes beautifully.2、介词短语 The Smiths live in Russia.3、分词短语 Nt knwing what t d, I decided t give up.4、不定式 His mther ften cmes t see him.5、名词 Please cme this way.6、状语从句 He was late because his bike brke dwn.
二、基本句型 基本句型又叫核心句型，是英语千变万化的句子的雏形。正是这有限的五大基本句型及其转换形式生成了无限的实用的句子。Pattern 1:主-系-表Pattern 2:主-谓Pattern 3:主-谓-宾Pattern 4:主-谓-宾1-宾2Pattern 5:主-谓-宾-补
Pattern 1:主-系-表 系动词有纯系动词（be）和半系动词(becme, get, turn, grw, g; feel, smell, taste, sund, lk; seem, appear; stay, keep, remain; prve, turn ut)，其后接表语，即主语的补语。系表结构是句子的谓语。 It is ht tday.注1：在汉语中，名词和形容词可独立充当谓语，但英语不可以。 Days are getting lnger and lnger. The desk feels hard. He seemed pleased with his result. Stay calm.注2：半系动词的功能一半是系动词，一半是行为动词。 The desk feels hard.变成一般疑问句和否定句，体会一下其行为动词的特性。
Pattern 2:主-谓 谓语是不及物动词，它可有自己的状语。Man alne can smile.Yu must nt talk in an exam.A fire brke ut last night.He went t Kunming fr a visit.He will g t study medicine in the States.He ran ut f the rm, climbed dwnstairs and lked arund.注意：状语的位置，英汉有区别吗？
Pattern 3:主-谓-宾 谓语是及物动词，这类动词接一个宾语，因此叫单宾动词。及物动词后面一定接宾语。Jack can drive a car.Yu may have heard the news.I will take him hme.The train leaves Beijing at seven.Death lked him in the face.She dressed herself in white.We live a happy life.Cathy heard frm her father again.
Pattern 4:主-谓-宾1-宾2 谓语是及物动词，但是接双宾语。I have sent him sme mney. She tld me the news abut Paul.We must give her smething t eat.Dick called her a taxi.He made his brther a kite.
Pattern 5:主-谓-宾-补 宾语和补语统称为复合宾语，谓语为及物动词，也叫复宾动词。We call him Mr. Knw-all.They fund the dg dangerus.I think myself in danger.He made himself heard easily.I saw him lying n the grund.Mike heard smene g upstairs.I cnsider it a great hnur t speak here.
三、基本句型的转换 上面所讲的五大基本句型都是陈述句、肯定句和主动句，它们可以变为疑问句、否定句和被动句。1、陈述句变为疑问句 It is ht tday. The desk feels hard. Jacb ften tells a lie. I will take him hme. Dick called her a taxi. He made himself heard easily.
2、肯定句变为否定句 It is nt ht tday. The desk des nt feel hard. Jacb desn’t ften tell a lie. I will nt take him hme. Dick didn’t call her a taxi. He didn’t make himself heard easily.
3、主动句变为被动句 Jacb ften tells a lie. A lie is ften tld by Jacb. I will take him hme.He will be taken hme by me. Dick called her a taxi.She was called a taxi by Dick. A taxi was called fr her by Dick. He made her wrk day and night.She was made t wrk day and night.
四、基本句型的扩大1、增加修饰语，即适当添加名词或代词的定语，动词、形容词、 副词及句子的状语，如：The children played. All the lvely children f Mr. Rgers frm England played merrily at the seaside frm mrning till night. 还可以用句子来做修饰语，如： Thugh Mrs. Rgers was away in France, all the cute children played happily with their father Ry because there was s much fun n the seaside f England.