高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题七阅读补全七选五课件

这是一份高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题七阅读补全七选五课件，共60页。
专题七 阅读补全（七选五）
高考英语 (北京市专用)
A组  自主命题·北京卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019北京)Much of the work in today's world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 　1    Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?　2    They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. In-terestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions.　3    In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learn-ing to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”　4    Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less ef-fort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
　5    An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.A.It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为体育精神。本文主要讨论了一个团队是否需要很多有天赋的个人加入。文章有助于培养学生的思维品质。1.B　细节句。设空处后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”与本空为并列关系,故答案为B项(体育团队的老板们花数百万美元吸引顶尖人才)。2.E　主旨句。根据下文尤其是“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”以及“The results”可知,答案为E项。句意:最近的几项研究调查了人才在体育世界中的作用。3.G　过渡句。本段主要说明了任务互依性在不同的运动项目中的作用以及对团队表现产生的影响,与G项中的task interdependence相对应,故答案为G项。4.D　细节句。根据设空处前的If a basketball star is, for example,...Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”可知答案为D项(明星们显然不愿遵循体育精神的这个基本的原则)。5.F　主旨句。根据设空处后的“An A-team may require a balance—not just A players...”可知答案为F项(建立一个理想的团队比仅仅雇用最好的人才更复杂)。
长难句　Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.有趣的是,这一趋势在棒球运动中并不明显,在棒球运动中,增加的个体天才持续不断地提高球队的表现。本句为主从复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为baseball。
Passage 2 (2018北京)Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.　1    Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples:being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.　2    The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.　3    Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a tempo-rary state before a triggering event has occurred.　4    Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Some-times ignorance and negative(消极的)outlooks on situations can create anger.
　5    However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feel-ings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel an-gry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面向读者介绍了引起愤怒的原因,以帮助减少愤怒的出现。1.F　本句是总结句。空格位于段尾,作者在该空之前先给出引起人们发怒的三个主要原因:triggering events(触发事件)、personality traits(个人性格特征)、assessment of situations(对形势的评估),然后就自然地引出总结句:了解这些原因有什么用,故选择F项。2.G　本句为细节句。第二段主要针对“triggering events(触发事件)”来展开。空格前作者先列举出几个生活中的事件,通常人们在遇到这些事之后的反应都是发怒;空格后作者介绍说“因为个人经历和心理特点的不同,所以面对某些事时,有人发怒但也有人不生气”。因此该空应该承上启下,应该说的是“人们对这些事件的反应是不尽相同的”,与G项一致。3.E　本句为细节句。第三段主要的关键词是“personality traits(个人性格特征)”。空格前一句话提到争强好胜的人及忍耐度低的人更容易发怒;空格后介绍pre-anger(生气前兆)的特点,与E项的these personality traits和pre-anger形成原词复现,故选E项。
4.A　本句为主题句。通读本段内容可知该段主要围绕“our assessment of situations”展开。空后第二句话中的outlooks on situations的意思是“对局势的判断”,与A项“Our attitude and viewpoint on situations”意思相近,故选A项。5.D　本句为过渡句。由衔接词“However”可知,设空处内容与后文内容相反,故D项“发怒是一种特别强烈的情感,或许人们认为愤怒是情有可原的”放在此处最合适,因此选D项。
高考热词    1.imbalance n. 不平衡;失调　2.tolerance n. 忍耐力3.temporary adj. 暂时的　4.occurrence n. 发生的事情5.comprehend v. 理解
高级语块　be likely to 可能
长难句　With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. 考虑到这些主要因素,我们可以评估我们一整天的愤怒程度,并通过理解我们情绪爆发的因素避免这些情况的发生。with复合结构作伴随状语;and连接两个并列的谓语动词。
Passage 3 (2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 　1    One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 　2    We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory pro-cesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 　3    Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 　4     The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 　5    “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G.Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。研究表明,睡眠期间脑细胞之间的关联会减弱,从而使大脑为新的记忆腾出空间,但是对于重要的记忆,大脑则会对其加以保护。1.C　细节句。上句指出,当不允许实验室的老鼠睡觉时,它们在一个月之内就死去了。本句是上句的延伸,由动物转移到了人类。C项符合语境,意为“同样,人几天不睡觉的话也会生病”。2.E　细节句。上句指出睡眠有助于加强新的记忆,下文对此进行了解释。本句应该是对这个观点的回应,E项“那也就是为什么学生在学习之后如果有机会睡觉的话,他们就会考得更好”符合语境。3.F　过渡句。下段首句指出“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是正确的”,由此可知本句应指出某人的观点。结合本段提出的“睡觉期间神经元之间的关联减弱,从而为第二天要形成的新记忆腾出空间”,可以判断F项符合语境。4.G　过渡句。下句的synapses以及the mice为关键线索。下文指出了老鼠在睡完一觉后和睡觉前“synapses”的不同,所以本句应该指出本次试验的内容,故G项符合语境。
5.B　细节句。上句指出,研究团队发现某些神经突触似乎得到了保护,并未发生变化,这正是对某些重要记忆的保护,故B项正确。
高考热词    1.strengthen v. 增强　2.evolve v. 进化形成　3.synapse n. (神经元的)突触　4.matter v. 重要;要紧;有关系
高级语块　make room for为……腾出空间
长难句　We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing connections be-tween brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.我们知道,在醒着的时候,通过加强脑细胞之间的关联,新的记忆被记住,但在我们睡觉时发生的记忆过程还不清楚。连词but连接了两个并列分句,在前一分句中,谓语动词know后为that引导的宾语从句,while awake作状语;在后一分句中,that为关系代词,代指先行词the memory processes,while we sleep为时间状语从句。
Group 2Passage 1 (2016北京)The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.　1    Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.　2     As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.　3    No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks
increases during your teenage years.　4    To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tol-erance for risk as well.　5    For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。人类是否喜欢冒险可能与大脑的工作方式有关。1.F　上句提到值得冒险,而下句说有一些活动让一些人感到享受,却让另一些人害怕,故此处是说衡量风险和回报的标准不同,所以选F项。2.C　上句提到冒险者更擅长捕猎等。C项中的Being better at是上句中的 were better at的复现,故选C项。3.A　由本段可知人类形成了各种各样的性格类型。你或者喜欢某项冒险活动或者不喜欢。这都是取决于你的性格特点的。最后一句总结本段得出主旨。4.E　上句提到:对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。设空处应该是对青少年时期的说明,故选E项。5.G　由下句中的a part of the brain可知选G。
高考热词    1.daring adj. 大胆的;勇敢的　2.character n. 性格;特点3.willingness n. 乐意
高级语块　relate to 和……相关
长难句　For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.对于寻求刺激的人来说,大脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃起来,而对于我们剩下的人来说,大脑中与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃起来。while连接两个并列分句, 两个分句中的related to pleasure和related to fear都是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a part of the brain。
Passage 2 (2015北京)This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them for-get what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.　1    They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.　2    Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inven-tions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First,understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.　3    And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.
It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to con-centrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.　4    Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.　5    Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds,we wouldn't have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes.D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to un-derstand.G.Therefore,it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the day-dream zone.
答案    [语篇解读]　文章介绍了做白日梦的人有时健忘、笨拙,但是伟大的思想和成就是和白日梦分不开的。1.B　由前句和后句可知该句在描述做白日梦的人的情况。故选B项。2.C　由前句的表述可知在人类历史上一些伟大的想法和辉煌的成就是由那些爱做白日梦的人带来的。C项中的relativity(相对论),Coke和Post-it notes是列举的一些伟大想法和成就,故C项符合此处语境。3.A　由前文可知本段在讲述如何做巧妙的白日梦,故选A项。4.E　第五段叙述了在人们需要集中注意力时,如何避免做白日梦。由E项中的关键词attentive(专注的)可知选E项。5.G　文章第六段第一句与G项为因果关系。
高考热词    1.reputation n. 名声　2.ignore v. 忽视　3.achievement n. 成绩;成就　4.mindfulness n. 留意,关注　5.strike v. 突然出现(在脑子里)
高级语块　slip into滑进,进入
长难句　Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.做白日梦是指人们想一些愉快的事情,尤其指那些能让他们忘记他们应该做什么的事情。本句话主句的主语是Daydreaming;means是谓语动词;means后是宾语从句,省略了that。when引导时间状语从句,从句中forget后接what引导的宾语从句。
Passage 3(2014北京)Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bet-tering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.　1    Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.　2    Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain re-sult.　3    Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.　4    Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).　5    Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration,but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A.Make choices that are right for you.B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the original research.E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识。作者针对如何识别正确的健康信息提供了一些建议。1.G    根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议,因此本空引出了下文的多个建议,故选择G项。2.D　根据第二段的第一句“Go to the original source.”可以看出D选项“And examine the findings of the original research.”与第二段内容匹配。3.F　根据第三段第一句“Watch for misleading language.”可以看出F项“Be aware that in-formation may also be incorrectly explained...”与本段内容匹配。4.B　空格处前一句中出现的advertisements与B项中的ad对应,因此选择B项。5.A　空格后的“...that works for us.”与A项“Make choices that are right for you.”对应,故选择A项。
高考热词    1.reasonable adj. 合理的　2.relevant adj. 相关的3.analyze v. 分析　4.reliability n. 可靠性5.misleading adj. 使人产生误解的,误导人的
高级语块　1.contribute to 促成,造成　2.be associated with 与……有关
长难句　Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science.亲自找出一项研究真正阐明的内容,并且判断它是否基于真正的科学。and连接的两个分句均为祈使句,Find out...后接what引导的宾语从句,determine后接whether引导的宾语从句。
Group 3Passage 1(2013北京)UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.　1    In fact,nearly every-one lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.　2    The process of urbanization—the migration(迁徙)of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900,fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.　3    Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural
societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.　4    Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants,laborers and profes-sionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.　5    Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one Ameri-can farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会与热点,主要讲述了城市化的进程。1.E　第一段主要讲述了在过去城市非常少,大多数人都是住在农场或乡村里,根据主旨可知应选择E项。2.D　空格前一句中的beginning与D项中的soon相对应,英国只是个开始,之后一些其他的国家也开始成为城市化的社会,故选择D项。3.B　空格所在的段落通过列举数据来体现现在城市化的扩大,绝大多数的美国人住在城市里,少部分住在农场里,因此此空说明剩下的人居住在何地,故选择B项。4.A　此空之前在阐述过去城市不可能大的原因,因此A项与前面的意思对应。5.F　空格前一句阐述工业革命打破了此前城市和乡村的这种平衡,因此空格处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述,因此选择F项。
高考热词    1.urbanization n. 城市化　2.modernization n. 现代化3.transform v. 改变　4.surplus adj. 剩余的
长难句　It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in his-tory—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. 直到20世纪,大不列颠才成为历史上第一个城市社会。城市社会是一个大部分人住在城市里,不以务农谋生的社会。It was...that...为强调句型。破折号后面的句子中in which引导定语从句。
Passage 2(2012北京)EmpathyLast year,researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy,the ability to under-stand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.　1    To-day,people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed,a co-director of a teen program,has another explanation.Turn on the TV,and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting,competing,and generally treating one another with no respect.　2    There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature.    3    Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-re-spect.Besides,empathy can be a cure for loneliness,sadness,anxiety,and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact,Freed says,many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.　4    “Academics are important.But if you don't have emotional(情感的)intelligence,you won't be as successful in work or in your love life,”she says.What's the best way to up your EQ(情商)?For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others.　5    To really develop empathy,you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital,join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have a “sharing circle”with your family,or spend time car-ing for pets at an animal shelter.A.Everyone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.
C.“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.F.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empa-thy is decisive to those relationships.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。研究人员发现大学生“心意相通”这一能力在最近的10年里急剧下降,文章向我们介绍了是什么导致了这一能力的下降以及如何提高这种能力。1.B　此空前一句指出“心意相通”这一能力在最近的10年里急剧下降,后一句应解释下降的原因,因此选择B项。B项的主语that指代前一句所述现象,空格前一句的researchers与B项中的the researchers said相呼应。2.D　第二段阐述了“心意相通”能力下降的另一个解释,此空前一句列举了几个例子fight-ing,competing,treating one another with no respect,这与D项中的examples相呼应。此外第三段第一句话中的those bad examples也与D项中的examples相呼应,故选择D项。3.G    第三段列举了一些对“心意相通”有利的现象,此空前一句中的Humans与G项的being human相呼应,另外前一句中的related与G项中的relationships相呼应,故选择G项。4.F　此空后面的emotional intelligence和successful与F项中的emotional intelligence和succeed相呼应,故选择F项。
5.C　此空前一句提到listen to others倾听他人说话(可以提高情商),C项中讲到你就只顾自己说话(不听别人的倾诉)则不会提高“心意相通”这个能力,因此选择C项符合上下文之间的关联。
高考热词    1.empathy n. 同情;同感;共鸣　2.empathetic adj. 感同身受的3.indication n. 表明　4.intelligence n. 智力　5.diverse adj. 多种多样的
高级语块　let down 放下;降低
Passage 3(2011北京)Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking?To a certain degree,it's a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own.It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense,critical thinking is focused,organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the re-lationships among ideas.　1    The greatest thinkers,scientists,and inventors have often taken in-formation that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.That,too,is critical thinking.　2    As the class goes on,for example,you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的)exercise,it is closely con-nected with critical thinking.If the structure of your speech is loose and confused,chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused.If,on the other hand,the structure is clear,there is a good chance your thinking is too.Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have.　3    
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.　4    As you work on ex-pressing your ideas in clear,accurate language,you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.　5    As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class,you will be better able to as-sess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class,you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances.This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A.Rather,it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B.This may seem like a lot of time,but the rewards are well worth it.C.It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world,only reorganized ideas.E.If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class,the answer is quite a lot.F.The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a num-ber of ways.G.As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。主要介绍了“公共演讲”和“批判性思考”的相关知识。1.D　上句提到,从广义上来讲,批判性思考就是把思考集中并组织起来,是明确各观点之间关系的能力;下文提到,最伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家经常把有用的信息提取出来,重新组合创造出新的观点。由此可知,此处表明“世界上新的观点很少,只有重新组织起来的观点”。organize和new为关键词。2.E　概括下文内容可知,本段主要举例介绍了如何上公共演讲课,故答案为E项。class为关键词。3.A　上句提到“组织一次演讲不仅是组织已有观点的问题”,由此可知下句“而且,这还是形成观点自身的一个重要部分”。4.F　概括下文内容可知,本段主要讲了在演讲课中所学的技巧如何帮助你思考。故答案为F项。5.G　由上句可以得知,此处为排比句,句型结构相同;从句意上看,几个并列排比句都是在讲所学的演讲技巧对实际生活的帮助,由此可知答案。
高考热词    1.spot v. 看出;发现　2.soundness n. 合理性3.disordered adj. 混乱的　4.circumstance n. 情况5.vital adj. 极其重要的
高级语块　distinguish from 区分,辨别
长难句　The greatest thinkers,scientists,and inventors have often taken information that was read-ily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.最伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家经常把易得到的信息提取出来,以不同方式组合,从而形成新的观点。that引导定语从句,先行词为information,关系代词在从句中作主语,available意为“可用的;可得到的”,第二个and连接的两个并列结构为taken和put。
B组  统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ)Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”　1    According to re-cent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.　2    If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).　3    In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their win-dow are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　4    It
gives us a great feeling of peace.　5    While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与环境。文章围绕新鲜空气是否对我们有好处这一话题进行阐述。本文侧重培养学生的语言能力。1.E　过渡句。设空处前句提到 “go out and get some fresh air”,空格处马上针对呼吸新鲜空气这件事情进行提问,然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答 “the answer is a big YES”,所以选择E项。2.A　主题句。设空处后面一整段都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处,尤其两次提到oxygen(氧气),且设空处位于段首,所以设空处是整段的主题句,而且话题需要一致,oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系,所以选择A项。3.G　细节句。设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的Healing对应,G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外,G项中出现Healing Gardens,后一句马上出现In these places来指代Healing Gardens,因此答案是G项。4.C　主题句。根据本段的第三句In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.可知,此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复,而下文对有哪些帮助进行了进一步说
明,所以在本段的最后再次进行总结,话题依然是与大自然有关,而且是总结性质的句子,所以选择C项。C项中nature与话题一致,与设空处后一句均是对本段话题的收尾。5.D　主题句。根据设空处位置可以推测此处为主题句,是对本段话题的开启。设空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸,因此D项是最佳选项。
高考热词    1.quality n.质量　2.recovery n.恢复　3.turn out 结果是4.beneficial adj.有益的
长难句　Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 看到他们窗外树枝的住院病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。本句是主从复合句。句子主干是:Hospital patients are likely to recover at a faster rate than pa-tients。who see tree branches out their window是定语从句,修饰先行词Hospital patients;who see buildings or sky instead也是定语从句,修饰第二个patients。
Passage 2(2019课标全国Ⅱ)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 　1     Like the child on the diving board, you will stay unde-cided.　2     More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to eval-uate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 　3     So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 　4     They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 　5     You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You can-not overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However, this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,完善自我。文章从介绍动机和目标开始,告诉我们如何确立正确的动机和目标对我们更有益。本文旨在培养学生科学认识自我、激励自我、辩证看待问题、合理解决问题的能力。1.G    过渡句。句意:若没有动机,你既不能设定目标,也不能达成目标。由设空处上句话Moti-vation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.(动机和目标的设定是一件事情的两个方面。)可知,动机是很重要的。根据设空处下句Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.可知,中间需要加一个表示转折的句子:若没有动机……。故选G。2.B　主旨句。句意:那么,你应该如何激励自己呢?该题中,设空处位于文章第二段开头,可能会是该段的主旨句。设空处后面的how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal也是引出该段话题或是对主旨句的进一步说明。另根据句子结构一致的原则,可找到与此问句结构一致的选项B:So how should you motivate yourself?故选B。
3.A　过渡句。句意:这可能会影响你的工作。根据设空处前面的句子There are times when your heart is not in your work.(有时你的心会不在你的工作上。)可知,接下来会说这样做的后果(影响你的工作)。设空处后面介绍正确的做法。故选A。4.E　细节句。句意:它们可以根据情况来改变。设空处前面的句子提到Remember that goals are flexible.(要记得目标是灵活的。),接下来可能会接着解释它们会改变。选项E中的They与上句话中的goals指代一致。故选E。5.C　过渡句。句意:然而,这不应该使你泄气。由设空处上句话中的you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough(你可能想成为一名飞行员,但因为你的视力不够好而不能成为一名飞行员)可知,接下来会告诉我们解决这个问题的办法。根据设空处下句话中的You should reassess your goals(你应该重新评估你的目标)可知,选C项。
Passage 3(2019课标全国Ⅲ)In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 　1     While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.Do's●　2     Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.●Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 　3     Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Don'ts●Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid ex-perts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 　4    
●Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 　5     When a student attacks a profes-sor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A.That's what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed, they will ask.D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E.Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G.Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。文章针对如何与在线课程教授沟通为学生提出了一些建议。本文侧重培养学生的学习能力。1.E　过渡句。设空处前提出与在线(online)课程教授有着良好的沟通很重要,下文介绍了该做的和不该做的事情,因此答案为E项。 2.G　主题句。根据Do's和Don'ts中各段首句的特点可知,设空处为主题句并且是祈使句,设空处后一句中的关键词questions与G项中的questions对应,因此答案为G项。3.A　细节句。由设空处前面的句子Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-end-ed forums for dialogue.中的关键信息可知,A项中的That指代dialogue,they指代discussion fo-rums, blogs and other open-ended forums,因此答案为A项。4.C　细节句。本段建议学生不要和教授聊个人话题,你在说完和教授沟通的内容之后,如果有必要,教授会进一步向你提问,因此答案为C项。5.F　细节句。本段建议学生如果对教授的课程有意见,不要公开发表不满,所以空格处的内容应与本段话题一致,F项提到每个人都曾经上过不太好的课,与前后文内容相关联,因此答案为F。
高考热词    1.pattern n. 模式　2.arise v. 出现　3.extend v. 延伸4.circumstance n. 情况　5.irrelevant adj. 不相干的6.annoyance n. 烦恼,气恼　7.evaluation n. 评价　8.comment n. 评语,评论
长难句　Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus and learning man-agement system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight. 在询问有关课程设计的问题之前,阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息,确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干是一个祈使句:read the syllabus and learning management system information。Before asking questions about the course design为时间状语;to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight是目的状语,其中the answer isn't hiding in plain sight是宾语从句。
Group 2Passage 1(2019浙江)Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all mu-sic groups, they make very different music.　1    At that time the Beatles entered the world of mu-sic from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 　2    They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.　3    They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. 　4    The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television
up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.　5    A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.D.However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.F.They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容是音乐发展。文章的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队的发展、在美国的巡演以及对美国音乐的影响。文章侧重于培养学生的文化意识。1.C　细节句。本段介绍了摇滚音乐并引出了甲壳虫乐队,C项(摇滚音乐是在20世纪50年代和20世纪60时代早期发展起来的。)符合本段的主旨。2.B　细节句。本段的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队在英国的流行程度,B项(甚至他们的发型在当时都成为主要的趋势。)符合本段的主旨。3.A　过渡句。本段的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队去美国巡演的情况。A项(1964年,他们决定去美国巡演。)符合本段的主旨,同时引出了下面美国巡演的内容。4.G　细节句。G项(他们在哥伦比亚广播公司电视台的第53街演播室举行了在美国的首场音乐会。)中的concert照应了第三段的主题,符合本段的内容。5.E　细节句。本空前面的内容介绍了甲壳虫乐队对美国音乐的深远影响。而E项(很多摇滚乐队能够跟着甲壳虫乐队的步伐。)也是对甲壳虫乐队影响的描述,符合本段的内容。
高级语块　1.consist of 由……组成　2.live adv.在现场直播　3.modestly adv.不很大地
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅰ)Color is fundamental in home design—something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax af-ter a long day?　1    , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　2    , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.　3    . They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.    4    . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　5    .A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever you're looking forC.If you're experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar withE.It's not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了在家居装修时如何选择颜色。只需作出三个决定即可:抱枕、镜子等小物件的颜色选择;沙发、餐桌等中等物件的颜色选择;墙面、天花板、地板等大物件的颜色选择。1.B　本句为细节句。上文指出,你是想要一个充满生机的房间呢?还是专业的房间?或者你只是在寻找漫长的一天过后供你休息的场所呢?本句应该对上文的问题作出回应,B项符合语境,句意为“无论你在找什么样的房间,要想让房间给你想要的感觉,颜色至关重要”。B项中的looking for为原词再现。2.A　本句为细节句。上句指出,在过去的这些年,有很多不同的技巧帮助设计者达到这重要的一点。本句应该对这些技巧作出回应,A项符合语境,句意为“虽然所有的技巧都有用处,但是它们有点儿复杂”。A项中的all of them代指上句中的different techniques。3.D　本句为主题句。上段末尾指出了需要作出的三个决定(the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones)。根据最后两段首句(Medium color choices...和The large color decisions...)可知,这两段分别介绍了后两个决定,结合段落内容可知本段介绍第一个决定,故D项(Small color choices...)符合段落主题。
4.G　本句为过渡句。本段介绍了对家具这样的中等物件作出颜色选择。空格前的句子列举了中等物件的例子,空格后的由and连接的两个分句从两方面与小物件的颜色选择进行了比较,故G项符合语境。two major ways与下句内容一致。5.F　本句为细节句。上文指出,在对大物件的颜色作出选择时,付出的时间、精力和相关的费用都意义重大,F项为该话题的延续,符合语境,意为“因为你想要第一次就选好,所以这肯定是划算的”。
高考热词    1.fundamental adj. 基本的;十分重要的　2.approach vt. 着手处理;对付　3.complex adj. 复杂的4.changeable adj. 多变的　5.commitment n. (资金、时间、人力的)花费,使用
高级语块　put effort into 努力做某事
长难句　A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.掌握在你的空间如何选择颜色的技巧是创造你喜欢居住的房间的首要步骤之一。本句的主干为A grasp is one of the first steps,how to...结构作介词of的宾语,you'll love to live in为定语从句,先行词为rooms,省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词。
Passage 3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ)If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.　1    Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.　2    ●Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.　3    If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.●　4    Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who ex-ercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
●　5    If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。早上锻炼不仅有利于身体健康,而且还可以提高效率、促进新陈代谢、提高睡眠质量并帮你保持良好的饮食习惯。1.G　本句为过渡句。空格前的句子指出在繁忙的生活中很难找到时间锻炼,空格后的句子则指出了早上锻炼具有许多益处,G项意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在正在锻炼,那么注意听!”,能很好地连接上下文,故G项正确。2.E　本句为细节句。本段指出早上锻炼有助于提高效率,让你更加清醒地处理这一天的事情,E项意为“锻炼后的4到10个小时内,你可以保持清醒的头脑”。awake与E项中的keep your head clear意思一致。3.F    本句为细节句。F项中的“continue to burn calories throughout the day(整整一天持续燃烧卡路里)”与设空处后句中的“will be getting the calorie burning benefits for the whole day(整整一天都会受益于卡路里的燃烧)”意义一致,故F项正确。4.B　本句为主旨句。本段指出,研究发现早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠更好,故B项符合本段主旨,意为“你的睡眠质量会有所提高”。
5.A　本句为主旨句。阅读本段可知,早上锻炼,你会更有可能全天坚持健康饮食,因为你不想因为吃垃圾食品而毁掉锻炼的积极效果。A项符合本段主旨,意为“你会坚持你的饮食习惯”。stick to为原词再现。
高考热词    1.additional adj. 额外的;附加的　2.productivity n. 生产力;生产率　3.throughout prep. 自始至终
高级语块　1.stick to 坚持　2.work out 锻炼
长难句　Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who ex-ercised in the evening. 研究发现,早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠质量更好。本句中found后为that引导的宾语从句,在从句中people后为关系代词who引导的定语从句,those后仍为who引导的定语从句。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018课标全国Ⅲ)Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.　1     We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at wed-dings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 　2     It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.”　3     “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They're learning to do tradi-tional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 　4    ”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier?Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 　5     I find it hard to stop!Dancing reminds me I'm alive.”A.So why do we dance?B.Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.C.If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D.My older students say it makes them feel young.E.I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired.F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者首先描述了跳舞在美国的受欢迎程度,接着描述了自己一生为跳舞疯狂的生活。1.B　本句为主旨句。空格位于段首。空格后描述跳舞在美国的流行程度:从佛罗里达州到阿拉斯加州,从北到南到大海上。在婚礼上、在生日派对上、在办公室派对上人们都在跳舞。由此可知到处都能看到美国人在跳舞,与B项吻合,所以答案为B项。2.D　本句为过渡句。空格前作者用直接引语的方式描述了“教舞蹈简直太美妙了”。空格后句子中出现的代词them指代的就是Bridges所教的学生。D项中的students和them相对应,所以答案为D项。即我的那些年龄大的学生说舞蹈让他们感觉自己年轻。3.A    本句为主旨句。空格位于段首。后面以一对年轻夫妻为例说明了跳舞给他们带来的好处。由此推断出本段是描述跳舞会给一个人的情绪带来巨大的影响,这就是人们喜欢跳舞的原因。这与A项(那么,我们为什么要跳舞呢?)相符。
4.F　本句为细节句。空格前描述这对夫妻刚来到舞蹈班时情绪低落,当他们离开的时候脸上露出了微笑。这都是舞蹈给他们的情绪带来的变化。这与F项(舞蹈好像彻底改变了他们的情绪。)相符。5.E　本句为过渡句。空格前描述这么多年来Hillier想跳得越来越好。空格后描述Hillier发现自己就是停不下来,跳舞让Hillier知道自己还活着。作为前后过渡的空格处应该与Hillier一直不停地跳舞相关,这与E项(即使当我非常累的时候我还在练习跳舞。)相符。
高考热词    1.sorrow n. 悲痛　2.adore v. 喜爱,热爱　3.pattern n. 模式　4.remind v. 使想起
高级语块　in low spirits 情绪低落地
Passage 2 (2018浙江)Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　1    Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.　2     By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take a-long a small garbage bag. 　3     This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.　4     If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
　5     By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.A.In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。搬了新家有了新邻居,想要邻居喜欢你吗?按照文章中作者提供的建议尝试一下吧!1.G　文章从第二段开始给读者提供了几个建议,因此第一段的最后一句起到总领全文的作用,应选择G项。2.F　设空处前句中的to keep your property neat, clean, and in good repair以及设空处后句中的keep the outside of the home in great shape都与F项中的keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting有联系,故选择F项。3.E　设空处前句提到散步时带一个垃圾袋,与E项中的come across waste paper...pick it up相呼应,故选E项。4.B　B选项中的help out in small ways与本段的主旨一致,整段内容都是在讲你可以在邻居需要帮助时及时提供一些帮助,故选择B项。5.C　最后一段的功能为总结全文,也是对第一段中提到的文章主旨(如何成为一个好邻居)进行呼应,故选择C项。
高考热词    1.accomplish v. 完成　2.conduct v. 表现　3.appearance n. 外表　4.grocery n. 食品杂货店　5.acceptable adj. 可以接受的
高级语块　keep an eye on 照看,注意
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 　1    The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 　2     We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bath-room. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 　3     In-stead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
　4    We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer com-plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.　5    It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recom-mend that you find your way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,讲述了作者由讨厌露营到喜欢露营的过程。短文分为三部分:第一部分为第一段,谈及作者三年前对露营的负面看法;第二部分为第二段,描述了作者被说服参加的一次露营经历;第三部分为最后三段,讲述了作者从那之后参加的数次愉快的露营经历以及作者一家人都开始享受露营带来的快乐。1.D　过渡句。本空位置在第一段的结尾。设题处前面的句子表明作者三年前对露营的抵触心理,后面的段落描述了露营的经历。由此可以看出本题对应的句子起到承上启下的作用,而且具有转折的功能。D选项中的关键信息since then 和however起到明显的衔接作用,故为正确答案。2.C　概括句。本空位置在段落之中。前面的句子指出作者的朋友们带他参加了一次露营;后面的句子较详细地描写了那次露营的经历,但多是比较艰苦的体验,如睡在帐篷里、野炊、洗澡不方便等,根据上下文可知,本句应该是一个概括句,总体说明这次露营的状况。C项中的they与前面的friends 对应,rough可以概括这次露营的特征,所以是正确答案。
3.A　细节句。本空所在段落描述了一次愉快的露营经历,本空后面的副词Instead是一个重要的衔接标志词,表明本空后面的内容与本空的信息相反。本空后面的句子强调这次露营中他们有了舒适的露营车(camper),这个信息是相对于上次的帐篷露营而言的。因此,根据上下文可知选项A 为正确答案。4.F　过渡句。设空处在段首,引出一个新话题。本空后面的代词We是一个很强的衔接标志词,表明本空对应的句子中应该有包括作者在内的复数人群。根据这个线索,选项F中的my family 与We恰好对应,故答案为F项。选项E有一定的干扰性,但E中的I无法与后面的We 对应,所以不正确。5.E　总结句。设空处在最后一段(结语段)的段首,是全文的概括,又起到承上启下的作用。选项E中的关键信息come to enjoy camping既是对前面几段的概括总结,也能够顺畅地衔接下句内容,即希望别人也能亲近大自然。由此可见,选项E为正确答案。
高考热词    1.heartily adv. 尽情地　2.sunburn n. 晒伤　3.separate adj. 独立的　4.recommend v. 推荐
高级语块　1.nothing in common 毫无相同点2.food poisoning 食物中毒
长难句　If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.三年前如果有人告诉我我会用大部分周末的时间来野营,我会开怀大笑。本句为主从复合句,且采用了虚拟语气。因为是对过去的虚拟,故本句中条件状语从句为过去完成时态,主句采用了“would have done”结构。that引导宾语从句。
Group 4Passage 1 (2017课标全国Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.　1    , there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.　2    . Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then.　3    . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone, don't do it in your own office.　4    , it's much easier to ex-cuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.　5    . If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.A.If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If you're in the other person's office or in a public areaE.It's important that you let them know when you'll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。本文介绍了在工作中避免被干扰的四种方法:一是直接拒绝打扰者;二是让他人知道你何时有时间;三是去对方办公室或公共区域会见某人;四是学会利用好自己办公室的门。1.B　细节句。空格处为从句,空格后的部分为主句,只有B项和D项符合要求。主句指出“有几种可以解决问题的方法”,B项意为“当你想在工作中避免受到干扰时”,符合语境要求。D项意为“如果你在对方的办公室或者公共场所”,与主句所述内容不一致。2.A　主旨句。此处是文章第二段的第一句。上一句为:现在让我们看看这些应对方法。由此可见,第二段应介绍应对打扰的第一种方法。空白处后的句子提到“告诉这个人你很抱歉并解释……”。选项A“如果你很忙,不要为拒绝他人而感到难为情”符合语境。3.E　过渡句。该段说的是应对打扰的第二种方法。上文指出,别人想干扰你时,要设定好时间,让别人知道什么时候再来找你或你什么时候去找他们。下文指出,这样有助于消除后续的干扰,解释了前一句所说内容的原因。结合上下文可知,E项“让他们知道你什么时候有空很重要”符合语境。
4.D　细节句。这一段讲的是与他人谈话的地点的选择问题。上文指出,你需要和他人谈谈时,不要在自己的办公室做这件事。空白处应填入从句。D项是一个if引导的从句,意为“如果你在对方的办公室或公共区域”,此选项涉及地点,符合上下文语境和句子结构上的要求,故D项正确。5.G　过渡句。door为关键词。这一段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门,以避免忙时被打扰。上文指出,如果办公室有一扇门的话,要充分利用。G项意为“有空交谈时就开着门,反之则关上门”,it指代前一句中的door。故G项正确。
高考热词    1.interruption n. 打扰　2.set v. 设置　3.excuse v. 找借口,找理由　4.disturb v. 打扰
长难句　If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.如果有人敲门并且不是重要的事情,那你就可以给自己找个理由,让这个人知道你很忙,这样他们就可以得到这样的暗示:门关着时,你不想受到干扰。if引导条件状语从句,so(that)引导目的状语从句。hint后为that引导的同位语从句,从句中还含有when引导的时间状语从句。
Passage 2 (2017课标全国Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 　1     Here's how to make one.●　2     In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 　3     That's a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 　4    ●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 　5    If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
答案    [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文,介绍了制订计划从而可以轻松起床的一些诀窍。短文分为五段:第一段提出许多人感到起床比较困难,指出良好的计划有助于这一问题的解决,引出下文内容;第二段讲起床的诀窍之一是找到合适动机;第三段指出要重新考虑早晨的安排;第四段讲周末应该保持一贯的作息时间;第五段讲做记录并每周进行评估。1.C　过渡句。本题前面的内容说许多人感到早上起床困难,将之归咎于闹钟,事实上轻松早起的关键在于重新设定你的生物钟。后面说如何制订一个(计划)。由此可以判断,C项A bet-ter plan for sleep can help.符合题意。2.B　主旨句。本题位于第二段段首。后面说,为了改变,你需要决定它为什么重要。及时起床是为了与家人一起吃早饭?锻炼身体?还是做好一天的安排?一旦明确了原因,就告诉家人或室友你想要作出的变化。由此可知,本段的关键词是早起的原因或动机。B项Find the right motivation.是对本段内容最好的概括。3.G　细节句。本题位于第三段中。后一句说如果你买一台带定时器的咖啡机,你就会多出一刻钟的睡觉时间。G项意为“重新考虑你在咖啡馆排队买咖啡时所花的15分钟时间。”,与后一句完全契合。
4.F　细节句。本题所在段落讲的是周末应该保持一贯的作息时间。F项意为“无论哪一天,都坚持固定的睡觉和醒来时间。”,符合语境。故正确选项为F。5.E　过渡句。本题在段落中间。前一句说新方法试用一周之后,要看一看你的记录。后一句说如果不行,再看一看你可以尝试的别的方法。由此可以判断,E项符合语境。
高考热词    1.reset v. 调整;重新设置　2.schedule n. 计划表3.compensate v. 补偿　4.specialist n. 专家　5.motivation n. 动机
高级语块　1.put the blame on...把责任归咎于……　2.keep track of了解……的动态
长难句　Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activ-ities. 既然你知道自己想醒来的原因,那么考虑重新安排一下你早上的活动吧。now that意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句,主句为祈使句。在原因状语从句中why引导宾语从句。
Passage 3 (2017浙江)How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a camera-man to interview people on the spot.　1    But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street inter-view experience can be easy.·When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask,“Why do you think environ-mental protection is important in America?”　2    ·Hit the streets with confidence.　3    Say,“Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wonder-ing if you could share your opinion about this topic.”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
·Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.·　4    Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.　5    ·If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people, be polite.C.If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何做好街头采访”给出了一些建议。1.D　过渡句。该空的前句引入“街头采访”这一话题,此空表示“对于新记者来说,这似乎是一个具有挑战性的任务”,引出下文的建议。2.G　细节句。此段落的建议是“事先准备好问题”,并举例进行了说明。G项中的this指代上句举出的问题,很好地契合了上文。3.B　过渡句。此段的建议主要围绕采访时的态度展开。从空后的“Excuse me”可知,接近被采访者时要有礼貌。故B项符合题意。4.A　 主旨句。此空下句说“每次采访的时间不要超过10分钟”,所以此处选A。5.F　细节句。此空上文提到“采访时需要得到不同的答案,进行大约六到十次采访更稳妥些”,而F项“这一采访数量应该能给你你想要的答案”正好能与上文密切连接。
高考热词    1.cameraman n. 摄影师　2.wonder v. 想知道　3.discouraged adj. 灰心的,丧气的
高级语块    1.relate to 与……有关　2.environmental protection 环境保护　3.warm up熟悉　4.a variety of各种各样的
长难句　The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.街头采访指的是一个记者带着摄像师在街上现场采访他人的采访。in which 引导定语从句,修饰interview。
A组  2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京西城一模)　　Today's students are surrounded by information. The ability to figure out exactly why authors write and not to accept every opinion as fact is a key skill.　1    The following strategies teach them how to figure out why authors really write.Start with why. “Why did the author write this piece?” is the key question asked to identify the author's purpose. To help students expand their understanding of “why”, post various types of nonfiction (an advertisement, an opinion article, a news article, etc.) around your classroom and have students quickly identify a purpose for each.　2    Talk about structure. Authors use different structures for different purposes. For example, one au-thor may use time order to explain an event, while another author uses comparison and contrast to put that event into context.
　3    Often when authors write, they're trying to get readers to feel a certain way. Perhaps the au-thor of an article about whale conservation wants readers to feel sad about the difficult situation of whales. Or the author of a letter may want to make the recipient feel better about a situation. After students read a text, stop and ask: How do you feel? And how did the author get you to feel this way?Connect it to students' own writing. It doesn't have to be said that writing and reading go hand in hand.　4    When students are asked to write about a topic that they think everyone should know about, to explain a procedure or to share a personal memory, they'll become more conscious of how authors approach writing.Observe how the purpose changes within a text. The authors' purpose is often studied through the text as a whole, but authors have different reasons for writing within texts as well.　5    Then, he
may launch into a list of facts that make the reader feel discouraged about the situation. And final-ly, he may conclude with an appeal. Take a short article and break it apart, identifying the different purposes so that students can see how the author's purpose changes as they read.A.Get to the heart.B.Identify the topic.C.The readers may get more advanced in their work with informational text.D.For example, an author may include a funny anecdote (轶事) to draw the reader in.E.In particular, they'll need to figure out the authors' purpose and draw their own conclusions.F.Expand students' awareness of why people write by having them write for different purposes.G.Or keep a running Author's Purpose board with a list of the various reasons why authors write.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章提供了一些理解文章作者写作目的的方法。1.E　空格前提到能准确理解作者为什么写作,且不把每个观点都当作事实是一项重要的技能。E选项中的In particular承接上句,且figure out the authors' purpose和draw their own conclu-sions和前文的figure out exactly why authors write以及not to accept every opinion as fact对应,因此本空选E。2.G　本段主要讲了要弄清楚作者为什么要写作。空前讲了可以把多种不同类型的非小说类纪实作品(广告、观点类文章、新闻类文章等)贴在教室里,让学生迅速识别每类文章的写作目的,G选项中给出了另外一种可以训练学生识别作者写作目的的方法,用连词or连接,因此选G。3.A　第二段至第六段为并列关系,分别介绍了理解作者写作目的的方法,且每段句首都用的是祈使句,因此可以锁定A、B选项,而本段主要叙述读者在读了文章之后的感受是如何的,作者又是怎样让读者感受到他的感想的,和A项Get to the heart.一致,故选A。
4.F　本段主旨句提到和学生自己的写作联系起来,空后提到当学生自己去尝试解释一个过程或者分享自己的一段记忆时,他们就会更加留意作者是怎样写作的。F项讲到让学生为不同目的写作时,他们也会增强他们对于作者写作目的的意识,承接上下文,因此选F。5.D　空前提到观察作者的写作目的在文章中的变化,即作者开始和之后的目的可能有所变化。设空处后为具体的例子且以表顺承关系的then开头,所以设空处也为首例的内容,因此本题选D。
高级语块　1.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白　2.become conscious of 意识到,观察到　3.launch into 开始做
长难句　To help students expand their understanding of “why”, post various types of nonfic-tion (an advertisement, an opinion article, a news article, etc.) around your classroom and have students quickly identify a purpose for each.为了帮助学生增强对“为什么”的理解,把多种不同类型的非小说类纪实作品(广告、观点类文章、新闻类文章等)贴在教室里,让学生迅速识别每类文章的写作目的。不定式作目的状语。
Passage 2 (2019北京海淀一模)Benefits of SportsDoing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being.The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved.　1     Basketball players focus on strength training;football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.　2    Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A
pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child's con-fidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth.　3    So after a game, it's a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game?” rather than “Did you win?”Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership.　4    Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics.　5    
There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go? Pick one and get moving!A.It's not just your body that benefits from sports.B.Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.C.But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.D.If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.E.Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.F.Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.G.Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章从几个方面介绍了运动给人带来的好处。1.E　本段讲了运动带来的身体上的好处。设空处后分别介绍了篮球、足球和田径运动员训练中的不同侧重点,E选项指每项运动都需要身体活动和有竞争力的技能,承接后文说的不同运动的侧重点不同,因此本题选E。2.A　前一段说了运动给身体带来的好处,该段讲了对心理健康的好处。A项说运动不仅仅使你的身体从中受益,承上启下,故选A。3.C　设空处后提到比赛结束后,最好问孩子们比赛开心不开心,而不是输赢。所以对于孩子们来说自我价值和输赢无关,与C项相符,因此本题选C。4.F　本段首句提到了运动在社交层面的好处,设空处后提到了团队合作。F项提到学会在团队中发挥自己的作用是最重要的好处之一,因此本题选F。5.G　设空处前一句提到学生运动员要平衡自己的学习和运动,G项指:只有有了严格的纪律,你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功,和前一句对应并承接,故选G。
高级语块　1.regardless of 不管,不顾　2.contribute to 有助于　3.rely on 依靠　4.get involved in 参加
长难句　Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth.运动有助于心理健康,帮助增强自信并提升自我价值。该句中Playing sports为动名词作主语;helping to increase...为现在分词短语作状语。
Passage 3 (2019北京东城一模)Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach?　1    Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can't achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we'll win respect and approval.　2     Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability (弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they're weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it's obvious that the em-
peror has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We're constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better.　3     However, if we can't relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prison-ers of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive (剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.　4     We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn't mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we'll never learn from our mistakes;we'll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.Being human, perfection is impossible.　5    Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we're freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures and enjoy our precious life.
A.Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?B.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.C.Do you fear that others will be horrified by how you judge yourself?D.The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.E.There's nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.F.People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.G.By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives per-fectionism.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文,先介绍了完美主义的具体表现,然后分析了完美主义的具体成因及导致的后果。1.A　设空处前后都以问题的形式描述了完美主义的具体表现,A选项指:你会有一个不可能实现的理想化的幻象吗?与前后话题一致,因此本题选A。2.D　设空处前提到:我们相信,如果我们有完美的性格,能够因智慧而闪耀,还有幽默感,那么就没人能用批评伤害我们,我们也能赢得他人的尊重和赞许。D项指:沉溺于保持完美可以保护我们不受到任何不完美的伤害,承接上文,故选D。3.E　设空处后提到:然而,如果我们不能放松并享受这些轻松的时刻,我们就变成了完美主义的囚犯。由However可知,前后文为转折关系,E项提到:想做到最好并不断地自我改正没什么错。和后文是转折关系,因此选E。4.B　该段讲的是我们的错误能帮助我们进步。设空处位于段首,B项指:治疗完美主义的一个方法是给人类的缺点留有空间。因此本题选B。5.G　设空处前提到:作为人类,完美是不可能的。G项指:通过接受我们自己并做到自己能做到的最好,我们开始摆脱让我们成为完美主义者的那份羞愧。此句承接上文,故选G。
高级语块　release from 从……解脱出来
长难句　Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame.政治家们会表现出一种对正确的极端需要,拒绝承认错误和不确定状态,他们往往被一种秘密的羞耻感所驱动。本句中主句为Politicians are often driven by a secret shame;who引导定语从句,修饰politicians。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳一模)Can We Stop Food Longing through Imaginary Eating?Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate? Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you've ex-perienced it too much—is called habituation.　1    The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing.　2    Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn't prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three choco-
lates.　3    Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine with no chocolates. 　4    When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed.The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the choco-lates than the other groups.　5    Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we've finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.A.What's more, this only works with the specific food you've imagined.B.People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.C.For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.D.All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.E.It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.F.This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.G.This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了在脑中想象吃某种食物是如何降低人们的食欲的。1.C　上文说这种因为经历了太多而对某种事物失去兴趣的现象叫作习惯化。C项指:例如,研究表明吃第十口的时候欲望会比吃第一口的时候低。C项通过举例对前面提出的habituation进一步解释,故选C。2.A　设空处后说想象你自己吃巧克力并不能阻止你吃很多奶酪。A项指:只有在你想象某种特定的食物时才管用。其中的代词this指的是上文提到的内容,正好承接上文,因此本题选A。3.F　设空处前讲:一组(接受试验的人)想象把30枚硬币放进洗衣机,然后吃三块巧克力糖。F项说这要求和吃从口袋里拿出的小块巧克力糖是一样的动作技能。代词this指的是上文所提到的将30枚硬币放进洗衣机,然后吃三块巧克力糖,故选F。4.D　设空处前介绍了三组(接受试验的人)不同的情况。设空处后讲的是当他们完成以后,巧克力被拿走称重。D项:所有人都从盛有相同数量巧克力的碗中自由地拿来吃,故选D。5.G　设空处为结尾段首句,总结全文,G项指:这项研究是调查“什么让我们吃得比实际需要得多”的这一研究的部分。G项中的part of与后文的part of对应,因此本题选G。
高级语块　divide into 分成
长难句　The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. 研究表明:心理上的效果也会影响一个人吃了多少,例如习惯化。　　that 引导宾语从句,作suggests的宾语;how引导宾语从句,作influence的宾语。
Passage 2 (2018北京西城一模)The Art of Slow ReadingIf you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth.　1    They sug-gest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion. So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently in-terrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbed in short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 　2    But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully and relate all the facts to each other. 　3     A bunch of academics want us to take time to read. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts and the abili-ty to process them fully. What's to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of
the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getting away from technology for a while is the an-swer. 　4    Personally, I'm not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position.　5    You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader In-stapaper on your iPhone. If you're still reading my article, that is slow reading. A.The Internet is probably part of the problem. B.Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.C.These are the two findings from the recent research projects.D.But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.E.Some of them have suggested turning their computers off one day a week.F.Slow reading can help connect a reader to the neighborhood and become popular.G.Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。现在大部分人无法静下心来从头到尾读完一篇文章,本文对慢速阅读进行了阐述。1.C　空格前面介绍了读者在读印刷品和网上阅读时的情况,与C项中的two findings对应,空格后句的主语They指two findings,故选择C项。2.G　通读整段可知,此段围绕网络展开,空格后的But提示空格处与后句为转折关系,后句阐述网络带给我们的负面影响,故空格处应该提到的是正面影响,故选择G项。3.B　前面两段说的是阅读的问题,此段进入主题,紧扣标题The Art of Slow Reading,因此选择B项来引出主旨。4.E　此空是对前一句的进一步解释说明,空格前提到getting away from technology,与E项中的turning their computers off对应,因此选择E项。5.D　观察空格前后句的主语可以发现,空格前句的主语为I,而空格后句的主语为You,由此可以判断空格处与前句应形成鲜明的对比或转折关系;另外,空格后的句式Or if you...与D项句式相似,故选择D项。
高级语块　a bunch 大量;大批
Passage 3 (2018北京海淀一模)Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words “radio direction and ranging”. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog.　1    In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 　2    It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then. Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to the television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, which shows the direction and distance of the object.　3    Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend
on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships.　4     Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.　5     Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missiles(弹道导弹) warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.A.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars. B.The measurement is now highly accurate.C.The device can be used in a wide range of fields.D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.E.During World War Ⅱ many countries used radar effectively. F.Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.G.Strengthening national defense is one of radar's most important functions.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了雷达的发展、原理及应用。1.D　空格前一句说“没有雷达,飞机不能在恶劣的天气中安全着陆,轮船不能在迷雾中安全行驶”。D选项中的shippers与ships对应, travelers与planes对应,且两句话之间能形成因果关系,故选D项。2.E　空格前一句说直到战争威胁世界时,雷达研究才有显著进步,后一句说从那时起,雷达被广泛应用在几乎每一次的冲突中。由此可推知此空应与雷达被应用在战争中有关,故选E项。3.B　根据前一句On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, which shows the direction and distance of the object.可知,前一句在描述雷达是如何测量物体方向和距离的,与B项中的mea-surement对应且句意衔接紧密,故选B项。4.A　由于此空前后都在描述雷达在各个领域的应用,所以此空应与雷达的应用有关,且与前后不重复,故选A项。5.G　空格处为本段首句,应揭示本段主旨,又因后文都在说雷达在国防方面的应用,故选G项。
高级语块　make advances 取得进步
长难句　We have ballistic missiles warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away.我们有弹道导弹预警系统,它能够在导弹离我们1,000英里以外时提醒我们有攻击。that引导定语从句,修饰systems,在该定语从句中when引导时间状语从句。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京东城第一学期期末)In all our lives we must make choices. You make choices from the time you get out of bed in the morning until you go to sleep at night. What time to get up? What to wear? What to eat? You also make more significant choices when you graduate from high school.　1     College? Technical training?No matter the size of the decision, the common thread in all of them is that they involve an oppor-tunity cost. The opportunity cost is your next best alternative—your second choice. For example, it's a Saturday night, and you are trying to decide between going to the movies, hanging out at a friend's house and going to the football game.　2     What was your second choice? If it was the football game, then that is your opportunity cost. Opportunity costs are important. When you make a certain choice, it forces you to think more criti-cally about all of the abandoned choices. By recognizing the opportunity cost, you can decide whether your decision is worth it.
　3     As a high school senior, you face several options, including going to college, going to tech-nical school, or going to work. If you choose college, the opportunity cost is losing what could have been purchased or saved with the money spent on tuition(学费), housing, books, etc. for four years.　4     You would also lose four years' worth of income and experience that you could have earned if you had gone straight to work. However, it is still the case that college graduates earn more than high school graduates do. And the unemployment rate among college graduates is less than that of high school graduates.　5    But, like all decisions, it is one that should be arrived at only after looking at the costs—including the opportunity cost—and considering the follow-up question:is it worth it? A.Will you go straight to work?B.What causes opportunity costs?C.But that's not the end of the costs. D.Suppose you decide to go to the movies. E.If you give up college, what do you lose?F.A perfect example is the decision to go to college.G.For many students, going on to college is a wise decision.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了机会成本的含义及其重要性,并以高中毕业后是否选择上大学为例进一步解释了机会成本的意义。1.A　根据空格后的两种选择以及前文可知此空应提出一个有关高中毕业后选择的问题,故选A项。2.D　空前提供了三个选择,又根据后一句中的second choice可推知此空应先设定一个选择,故选D 项。3.F　根据后文描述可知此段举了高中毕业后是否选择上大学的例子,故选F项。4.C　空前一句说了选择上大学的机会成本,根据空格后一句中的also可知此空承上启下,引出另一个丧失的机会,故选C项。5.G　前文分析了上大学的好处,此空承接上文,应说上大学是一个明智的选择,故选G项。
高级语块　1.an opportunity cost机会成本2.hang out (在某处)闲待
长难句　But, like all decisions, it is one that should be arrived at only after looking at the costs—including the opportunity cost—and considering the follow-up question:is it worth it?但是,正如所有的决定一样,它只是在考虑所有成本——包括机会成本——并考虑清楚后续的问题“它是否值得?”之后才能够做出的决定。that引导定语从句;looking at和considering充当介词after的宾语;including the opportunity cost为插入语。
Passage 2 (2018北京西城第一学期期末)词数:418VoluntourismVolunteering to help people in need combined with travelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism.　1    They find it is the best way to get the best of the world.Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in developing countries.　2    They keep in touch with their host families after they return home, and many return to visit.There are many reasons why people want to engage in voluntourism. When people choose to join a voluntourism program, they are joining a global network of volunteers who are living and working with diverse cultures on projects that have a positive effect. The volunteers come from all over the
world, and they will share the passion for giving back and the desire to broaden horizons. Some students also see it as a gap year after school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else.　3    However, many voluntourists do not see volunteering as what it is. They think it is a cheap way of travelling and don't really want to get involved in hard work.While voluntourism has been around for over a century, modern volunteering started with the Peace Corps, a program that the US government started in the 1960s. From then on, voluntourism has become more and more popular. Many organizations start similar projects.　4    And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries. The programs run year round and each volunteer chooses when they want to start and the duration they would like to stay for.
　5    They say that if people really want to help those in need, there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. On the other side, volunteers are often not skilled enough for the tasks that they do. Travel experts point out that in some cases voluntourists are often taken advan-tage of by the organization that sets up the trips.A.Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way.B.Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there.C.And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventures.D.Most voluntourism organizations employ people from similar fields.E.By participating in voluntourism, they are contributing to local economy.F.People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences.G.They offer voluntourism trips to suit people's interest, experience levels or age.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了公益旅行的相关内容。1.F　根据下一句的人称代词They及前后文可推知此句应引出人物并介绍公益旅行的内容,故选F项。2.B　根据后一句中的keep in touch与B项中的establish lasting bonds对应可推知后一句是对此空的解释说明,故选B项。3.C　从后一句中的However可知,前后存在转折关系。后一句介绍另一部分人仅仅把公益旅行看成一种便宜的旅行方式,由此可推知此空应该还在介绍人们参加公益旅行的原因,只不过是不同的原因,故选C项。4.G　根据下一句中的And they可知此句也在介绍这些组织能提供的服务,故选G项。5.A　此空为最后一段第一句,应当表明此段主旨。阅读最后一段可知此段在说公益旅行的弊端,故选A项。
高级语块　1.broaden horizons 开阔眼界2.take advantage of 利用
Passage 3 (2018北京朝阳第一学期期中)Can Animals Predict Earthquakes?The belief that animals can predict earthquakes has been around for centuries. In 373 B.C., histori-ans recorded that some animals deserted the Greek city of Helice in groups just days before a quake hit the place. 　1     Fish moving violently and chickens that stop laying eggs were reported. Countless pet owners claimed to have witnessed their dogs or cats acting strangely before the ground shook.　2     It was documented in news reports that three days before the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, thousands of toads (蟾蜍) appeared on the streets in Mianzhu, a city hit very hard where 2,000 people were killed. Also snakes reportedly left their homes and headed for safety several days be-fore the destructive earthquake.　3    Some theories are that they feel movements, or weak “shocks”, in the Earth before hu-mans do, or that they become aware of gases going out of the Earth. Another belief is that animals are very much in tune with the Earth's magnetic (磁性的) field, so they detect electrical signals caused by electromagnetic field changes, causing them to pay attention to the warning that an
earthquake is about to happen.The United States Geological Survey states that there has been no concrete evidence for the fact that animal behavior has a relationship with the occurrence of an earthquake. 　4     American ex-perts on earthquakes are also skeptical. They think that animals may have strange behavior at any time due to other reasons—because they are hungry, defending their “countries”, or about to face a dangerous situation. 　5    They continue to follow the “anecdotal evidence”. The hope is that one day what they have learned will prove to be extremely useful in predicting earthquakes more accurately, thus saving millions of lives. A.Exactly what animals have sensed can't be fully understood.B.The connection between them has never been scientifically made.C.Other researchers around the world, however, have not given up on the idea.D.It is necessary to know if the animal behavior is an advanced warning signal.E.Records of similar animal foretelling earthquakes have surfaced ever since.F.Wild creatures also show various kinds of abnormal reactions before earthquakes.G.Perhaps this sense that some animals appear to have can protect us from natural disasters.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,是关于一些动物能预测地震的描述及研究。1.E　空格前一句说公元前373年历史学家就记载了动物在地震前逃离的举动,后一句也提到了类似的报道,故可知此空起过渡作用,表达的意思应该是自那时起类似的动物预测地震的记载就开始出现了,故选E项。2.F　根据上下文可看出,第一段所说的报道都是关于家养动物的,此空后说的是关于野生动物的报道,故选F。3.A　本段介绍了几种关于动物如何提前感知地震的学说,由此可知本段的中心应该是人们还不能完全理解动物感知地震的原理,故选A项。4.B　此空前一句说美国地质调查局表示没有具体证据表明动物行为和地震发生有联系,此空后一句说美国地震专家也对这种关联表示怀疑,由此可知此空也应表示类似含义,即两者之间的关系并没有科学支撑,故选B。5.C　根据此空后一句可知,此空应介绍另一批研究人员仍在调查动物行为与地震发生之间的关系,故选C项。
高级语块　1.head for 前往2.be in tune with... 与……一致
长难句　Another belief is that animals are very much in tune with the Earth's magnetic field, so they detect electrical signals caused by electromagnetic field changes, causing them to pay atten-tion to the warning that an earthquake is about to happen. 另一种观点是动物和地球的磁场非常一致,所以它们察觉到由电磁场变化引发的电信号,使他们注意到地震将要发生的警示。此句中,causing为现在分词作结果状语,warning后的that引导同位语从句,具体说明warning的内容。
Group 4Passage 1 (2018北京丰台第一学期期末)History of BroadwayWhen people think of Broadway, they may think of that part of the world-famous road in New York City that runs between 42nd and 53rd Streets.　1    It is a billion-dollar industry that includes theatrical shows in New York and live theater entertainment throughout the world.New York's Theatre District has only 39 official Broadway houses. A playhouse must have 500 or more seats to be considered a Broadway theater. 　2    Not all Broadway theatres are located on Broadway. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, buildings on Wall Street and places such as City Hall may have served as smaller theaters, and other locations in downtown New York City also did.Today's Broadway started when influential families contributed money to the development of larger theaters away from the downtown area. Some people may have doubted these theaters would be successful, but they turned out to be. 　3    With the rise of the new theater district, downtown changed forever as people happily traveled to the outskirts(郊区) of the city to see the best in live entertainment.When these theaters began, many actors came from European countries. In 1857 actor Edwin
Booth helped transform the Broadway theatre by popularizing a type of acting realism. Unlike ac-tors before him, Booth did not stand still on the stage and simply deliver his lines.　4     Booth's style had a notable effect on the theater, and many considered him to be the greatest actor of his time.　5     Specifically, comedies and dramas often centred on then—current events such as women's right to vote, the Labor Movement, and war. Broadway developed again in 1866, and the Broad-way musical was created.From then on actors entertained their audiences by singing and dancing accompanied by an orchestra.Now, Broadway is famous for various theatre productions and moving performances.A.In fact, the shows have brought it fame throughout the world.B.However, Broadway is much more than a geographical location.C.Theatres, holding 100 to 499 people, are called Off-Broadway theatres.D.Instead, he liked moving around and showing great emotion while acting.E.Plays followed a popular style that encouraged typical characters and plots.F.As this new style grew in popularity, the content of the shows began to change.G.The Madison Square Theater, built by the Mallory family in 1863, was one of them.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章从剧院、演出形式、内容等方面介绍了百老汇的历史。1.B　前一句说许多人认为百老汇是一条街道的一部分,后一句说百老汇是一个产值十亿美元的产业,由此可推知此空表示转折,故选B项。2.C　前一句说明百老汇剧院的规模,参照选项可知此空应对比说明非百老汇剧院的规模。3.G　前文说一些有影响力的家族投资远离市中心的大剧院帮助其发展,参照选项可推知,此空进一步举例说明,故选G项。4.D　根据前一句中的Unlike actors before him可知此空应描述Booth的表演特点,而D选项中的Instead与Unlike相呼应,故选D项。5.F　根据后文描述可知此段旨在说明表演内容的改变,故选F项。
长难句　In the late 1700s and early 1800s, buildings on Wall Street and places such as City Hall may have served as smaller theaters, and other locations in downtown New York City also did.在18世纪末19世纪初,华尔街上的建筑以及像市政厅一类的地方有可能适合作小型剧院,纽约市中心的其他地方也是如此。may have done表示对过去的推测;逗号后为省略句,did指代served as smaller theaters。
Passage 2 (2018北京石景山第一学期期末)Is it necessary to learn when we are 50s, 60s or even 70s? Most people consider when they get re-tired, they are supposed to be completely laid-back, do something fun, or hang around.　1    It's particularly important to the elderly. Through learning, we know how to think, how to memorize, how to ask questions and even how to interact with others. According to a study, while we are learning, the brain creates neural(神经的)pathways that make us smarter.　2    The more we learn, the more new neural pathways devel-op in our brains. When it comes to learning, it doesn't mean we must load ourselves with lots of knowledge. What we need to do is just learn something we like day in and day out.　3     Everyone learns from bot-tom to top. If we have an interest to learn, that desire will naturally push us to move forward. As we feel worn out from learning, don't be discouraged.　4    An old saying goes, “Birds of a feather flock together.”As long as we have partners to learn all together, our learning excitement will come alive again. On the contrary, if we don't learn, and choose to distance ourselves from
others, we might be getting dumb and slow; eventually, we lose energy and life passion. Instead of being bored and dumb, why don't we keep learning?　5    More importantly, learning explores our life horizons and helps us build up our confidence; gradually, it leads us to a way of finding a sense of value and achievement in the process of the learning journey.A.It's never too old to learn.B.Don't worry if we cannot learn well. C.You should set a high learning target. D.Learning makes us understand how potential we are.E.In other words, our brains are active as we learn something new. F.Look for a partner who has the same common interest as you do. G.However, the truth is that learning makes us energetic and self-fulfilled.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章论述了终身学习的重要性及方法。1.G　根据前后文可知此空为转折,引出学习对老年人的重要性,故选G项。2.E　前一句说学习的时候大脑会生成新的神经通路使我们变得更聪明,后一句说我们学得越多,大脑中生成的新的神经通路就越多。与这两句语义连贯的选项只有E项。3.B　后一句说所有人的学习都遵循自下而上的规律,由此可推知此空应说到学习中会遇到困难,故选B项。4.F　根据后文An old saying goes, “Birds of a feather flock together.”As long as we have part-ners to learn all together...可推知此空应表示找个同伴,故选F项。5.D　此空为最后一段首句,应揭示段落主旨。根据这一段内容可知此段在论述学习给我们带来的发展,故D项符合题意。
长难句　As long as we have partners to learn all together, our learning excitement will come alive again.只要我们有一起学习的同伴,我们的学习积极性就会又变得高涨起来。As long as引导条件状语从句; to learn all together 为不定式短语作定语,修饰partners。
Passage 3(2017北京海淀一模)Freshers' WeekIn British universities, new students have a special name:they are called Freshers. After their A levels, young people in the UK often make a fresh start by going to university, which can involve leaving their family and moving to a new city.　1    Freshers' Week is a chance to make lots of new friends and try different hobbies. Most universities in the UK have a Union building:a place where students go to have fun. 　2    It also hosts various societies, including sports teams, political groups, etc.Students apply for membership of a society and go to social events to meet others with similar interests. Sometimes there are quite a lot of stu-dents in lectures so it is difficult to get to know people in class. Therefore, each subject has its own club, such as the English Society and the Philosophy Society.　3    Tours of the town, creative workshops and parties are great ways to socialize with others. Sometimes famous singers come and play concerts especially for the new students of the universi-ty. There are also opportunities to go on trips to theme parks or other big cities nearby.Students often move into “halls of residence” in their first year.　4    This is an excellent way to
make friends but sometimes it can be difficult if you don't get along with your new flatmates or if the shared area gets very messy.Freshers' Week can be quite an exhausting experience because so many activities happen at once. A lot of students feel homesick when they first arrive on campus and keep themselves very busy to avoid feeling sad about leaving their family. Some students use their new liberty to drink a lot of alcohol and eat unhealthy food during Freshers' Week.　5    However, it is supposed to be the best week of your life, and it is also an opportunity to make friends. Remember that it is only the beginning of your time at university and that you have three years ahead of you. A.Usually it has shops, bars and even underground nightclubs.B.They live in apartments with their own bedrooms but share a kitchen.C.The best part of it is that you can share your interests with people around.D.In Freshers' Week, lots of activities are organized for Freshers to meet each other.E.Then comes the great opportunity to make friends, join clubs and settle into university life.F.This can cause “Freshers' flu”:people get ill after a week of late nights and non-stop parties.G.The first week of university life is called Freshers' Week and is both an exciting and scary expe-rience.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。在英国,进入大学后的第一周是“新生周”,在这一周你将会遇到很多新鲜事,这将会是一段既令人兴奋又可能会带来一些困扰的经历。1.G　空格前介绍了英国的年轻人参加完高级程度考试后通常就会开始大学的新生活,空格处延续前句话题,进入大学的第一个星期被称为“新生周”,是既令人兴奋又令人害怕的经历。另外,第二段的第一句话也与本空话题呼应,故选择G项。2.A　根据空格后的It also...可知空格处和空格后句说的是同一个话题,也就是空格前句中的a Union building,故选择A项。3.D　本段围绕“活动”这一话题展开,空格位于首句,是总领句,故选择D项。4.B　空格处是对前一句搬进学生公寓的进一步解释,空格后面则是对这种居住方式利弊的阐述,所以B项符合语境。5.F　根据空格后的However可知前后内容为转折关系,后面提到的是积极的方面,前面就应该提到的是负面的情况,所以选择F项。
长难句　A lot of students feel homesick when they first arrive on campus and keep themselves very busy to avoid feeling sad about leaving their family.很多学生第一次来到大学校园时会想家,他们会让自己忙碌起来,避免因为离开自己的家人而感到难过。句中when...campus是时间状语从句,and连接的是主句的两个谓语动词feel和keep,to avoid...是目的状语。
Group 5Passage 1(2017北京西城一模)Stop Negative Talk“I'm so fat,” one of your friends says. The girl next to her joins in, “Well, I hate my hair to-day.” Without thinking, you respond,“No, you are not fat! I am fat. And my hair is flat and bor-ing.”　1    It is easy for people to engage in self-critical conversations, and once it starts there is often pres-sure for you to join in. 　2    Maybe it is because “just talking” feels harmless. But before you know it, those opinions flow out of your conversations and into your life, where they start eating away at your self-respect.　3    When you start talking about yourself in a negative way, you are not only affecting your self-respect, but your friends'! When you criticize yourself, your friends might think you have the same standards for them. You have heard that it is important to treat others the way you want to be
treated, but there is also value in treating yourself like you treat your friends. If you wouldn't criti-cize your friend for the same thing, chances are that you are being too hard on yourself. So, don't start it. But what if someone else starts?For example, your friend feels insecure about how well he played in his soccer game, so he puts himself down,“I suck at soccer.”　4    Ask him, “Do you really think that?Why?” Maybe he is actually upset about a comment someone made, or is just getting down on himself over one bad play. Whatever it is, talking through the real issue will help him more than slipping into another negative talk.It is important to talk to your friend about your insecurities, but make sure you are not talking about them just to put yourself down.　5    Instead of just focusing on the negative, talk about what makes you and your friends beautiful and unique—including what you love about your body
and what you have accomplished. When you show yourself love, you set yourself as an example, and everyone benefits from you positively. A.Negative talk affects self-respect. B.Criticizing yourself helps nobody. C.But why do we hesitate to praise ourselves?D.But why is it acceptable to talk so negatively?E.All it takes is just one comment and the negative talk starts.F.It is better to resist negative conversations and create more balanced ones.G.Before everyone puts himself down, see if you can get to the root of the problem.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。你和你的朋友是否在谈话的过程中总是释放一些消极的东西呢?快停止这种做法吧!这对谁都没有任何好处。1.E　空格处是对前面对话内容的总结,对话内容全是消极的,故选择E项。2.D　根据空格后的Maybe it is because可知空格处是问句,而根据回答的内容可知本题选择D项。3.B　本段的关键词是criticize,阐述了批评自己没有任何价值和意义,对谁都没有帮助,故选择B项。4.G　前面一段是关于自己主动提及批评自己的话题的,而本段则转移到其他人身上,如果身边的人这么做,你该怎么办?空格后是关于具体怎样去做的阐述,根据talking through the real is-sue可知应选择G项。5.F　最后一段针对消极的谈话提出一些建议,F项的内容与本段主旨对应。
高级语块　slip into 进入
长难句　Whatever it is, talking through the real issue will help him more than slipping into anoth-er negative talk.无论它是什么,把实际存在的问题彻底说清楚比进入另一个消极的谈话会对他更有帮助。Whatever it is是让步状语从句,主句中talking through the real issue是主语,will help是谓语,talk-ing through the real issue和slipping into another negative talk在做比较。
Passage 2(2017北京海淀二模)Facebook Is a Big Time WasterDuring the first decade of the 21st century, a popular and new word has come into our vocabulary—Facebook. This is the most popular social networking website on the Internet.　1    You can send messages to your friend, put up a status saying something like “Going to the mall, I need to get a new pair of shoes!” or “It's finally the weekend! :)”.In spite of the benefit it brings to common people, it is true that this social network is a big time waster. There are about 350 million active users on this website and 67% of them are between the ages of 13 and 25. More than 35 million users update their status every day.　2    The age group who use Facebook most are teenagers.Most of them keep the website running whenever they are using the computer, if they aren't in school or when they aren't asleep. Face-book is just changing the new generation of youngsters unconsciously. The teenage life is one of
the most important stages of life.　3    It is a distraction to their mind as well. Nowadays, when all their homework and research are on ICT(信息与计算机技术), they would easily switch to Face-book just to check if there was anything updated among their friends. Facebook is also where people can see the gossip among their friends, virtual arguments, relation-ship status and updates. You can become a fan of anything, join groups, post pictures and videos, play childish games, invite friends to parties or events and a lot more. Generally, all these would just keep people away from living life to the fullest.It's not just teens who become addicted,but even grown-ups do. An average person spends about 55 minutes on Facebook.　4    Technology might be taking over people's life. Furthermore, people who use Facebook through their mobile phones are 50% more active on Facebook than non-mobile phone users. This shows people using Facebook on their phones as well as computers just can't stand being away from the website.
Facebook is like crack to some folk.　5    This would make them think what life is like without saying what's on their mind to all their friends on the Internet. A break would also make them more active, like socializing in person. This would finally help them focus better on school or on work.A.And 2.5 billion photos are added each month.B.Wasting it on Facebook is not encouraging in any way.C.This statistic isn't that bad but some people spend about 3—5 hours.D.It is time that people should take a break from Facebook once in a while.E.As a result, the average Facebook users have 130 friends who they share links with.F.Usually, when people hear the words “social networking”, their brains automatically go to sites such as Twitter or Facebook. G.The main idea of Facebook is that you can keep in touch with all your friends around the world who have Facebook.
答案    [语篇解读]　本篇文章为议论文。作者认为脸书让人们浪费了大量的时间。1.G　文章第一段是对脸书的总体介绍,告诉读者什么是脸书,使用者用它可以做什么,因此G项与本段的主旨是一致的。2.A　本段用数据说话,所以空格处也应该有数据出现且要与该段话题一致,故选择A项。3.B　B项中的it指代的是空格前句中的The teenage life,且与空格后的句子在话题上也是一致的,故选择B项。4.C　空格前句提到了平均每个人在脸书上花费的时间,C项中的This statistic指代的是前句中的55 minutes,而且话题也是一致的,故选择C项。5.D　最后一段向人们提出建议,D项中的take a break与本段中的A break呼应,故选择D项。
长难句　This would make them think what life is like without saying what's on their mind to all their friends on the Internet.这会让他们思考生活是什么样的,而不是在网上对着他们所有的朋友说他们心里所想的事。句中think后接what引导的宾语从句。without...Internet是介宾短语作状语,saying后是what引导的宾语从句。
Passage 3(2017北京东城一模)How to Bring Our Community TogetherCanada is a nation that prides itself on multiculturalism and opportunity. 　1    Building social connections and a sense of belonging brings people together in ways that strengthen individual re-lationships as well as whole communities.There are several things that we can do to develop strong social connections and a sense of belong-ing:　2    One of the simplest ways to bring a community together is through shared experience. Events like an international food festival, a sports league featuring activities from around the world, and health and wellness programs drawing on different cultures, are excellent ways of bringing people together.Think outside our box.　3    Many of us get caught up in our own routines and practices and forget that there are other ways of doing things.Try talking to different community members, ranging from youths to seniors, to understand their opinions of the world.　4    Try new things. Positively influencing our community can go beyond volunteering our time and
resources. Consider getting involved in our community by working for the 2017 Census(人口普查)as an enumerator(人口普查员)or a crew leader.Census enumerators are responsible for identi-fying dwellings on maps, conducting personal interviews, and following up with respondents in person and by phone, while crew leaders are responsible for leading, training and supervising a team of enumerators. 　5    A strong feeling of unity in a community can make residents feel comfortable and at home.A.Plan community events.B.Encourage community members to do some community service work. C.Social connections offer community members chances to know each other better. D.Our multicultural tradition provides a welcoming environment for individuals and families.E.Learning about different cultures and practices can open our mind to a whole new way of life.F.Invite individuals of different cultures to participate in community planning to ensure that every voice is heard.G.These positions provide an opportunity to meet new people and build relationships with mem-bers of our community.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一些使加拿大人更加团结、关系更加紧密的方法。1.D　空格前提到了加拿大的特点multiculturalism,空格处是前一句话题的延续,故选择D项。2.A　下面连续两段每段第一句都是祈使句,从这点上就对选项范围进行了缩小;再去看本段的主旨会发现关键词是events,故选择A项。3.E　本段主旨是跳出框框思考,鼓励我们学习不同文化,因此选择E项。4.F　根据空格处前句的内容会发现F项中的different cultures、every voice is heard与之呼应,故选择F项。5.G　空格位于段尾,起到了总结本段内容的作用,本段中提到参与社区工作,近距离地去了解人口的分布、居住、构成等情况。G项中的These positions与前面的enumerators和crew lead-ers呼应。
高级语块　get involved in 参与
B组  2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳二模)Films and computer gamesIn just a few decades the gaming industry has become much bigger than the film business. What is called “interactive entertainment” makes more money than Hollywood cinema. Is there any way of making films more appealing to people who like to play computer games?Making a film out of a best-selling computer game can guarantee a large audience.　1    Nowa-days films are made with similar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects as well. Gaming markets consist of science-fiction games, and film-makers have also set films in science-fiction worlds. 　2    Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail.Why do gamers feel disappointed by films based on their favorite games? One of the reasons is technical. Now everything can be computer-produced.　3    However, filming a scene from 20 dif-ferent cameras would cost a fortune, so it simply isn't done in the film version—leaving the gamers feeling that the film didn't look as real as the computer game.
　4    In a film the director doesn't show you some things to keep you have the feeling of excite-ment or anxiety. For example, you wouldn't be interested in watching the film if you knew the i-dentity of the murderer. But this is not true for computer games. When you play a game, you have to do certain tasks to continue to the new level.　5    You are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. You just sit and watch.There can be some interaction between films and computer games on different levels. For all the similarities between technologies and special effects, we shouldn't forget that a story and a game are fundamentally different.A.Cameras matter in another sense, too.B.The success of a game usually lies in the use of special effects.C.You can't influence what happens at all in the computer games.D.Computer games may show the action from a number of views easily.E.The game has a good chance of being as successful as the film on which it is based.F.You must be able to have access to all the information in order to decide what to do next.G.However, the difficulty for film producers appears to be not knowing where and when to stop.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了由电脑游戏改编的电影不受大众欢迎的几点原因。1.B　设空处后说现在很多电影都制作了类似的场景,这些吸引人的场景也使用了特技。B项说游戏的成功一般在于特技的使用,承接之后内容,因此本空选B。2.G　设空处后提到:任何想要从游戏中借鉴游戏背景之外的东西的尝试注定会失败。而G项说电影制片人的困难似乎在于不知道在何时何地停下来,与后文对应,因此选G。3.D　该段介绍了游戏改编的电影为什么会让游戏玩家失望。设空处后提到拍摄游戏中的场景需要很多台摄像机,这需要花费很多资金,所以电影里的场景没有电脑游戏中的真实。D项讲电脑游戏能轻松地从不同场景将动作展示出来,和后文构成转折关系,因此本题选D。4.A　本段从另外一个方面对改编游戏的电影让玩家失望做出了解释,主要讲了电影导演没有给观众保持紧张、刺激感的东西,因此观影者在看电影时无法体会游戏玩家的刺激感。A项说摄像机在另外一个方面也和电影不受欢迎相关联,承接后文,因此选A。5.F　设空处前提到游戏玩家需要做某些任务才能进入新的关卡。F项说你必须得到所有的信息来决定下一步要做什么,对应后文提到的in control as a player。因此本题选F。
高级语块　1.cost a fortune 花一大笔钱　2.lie in在于
长难句　Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail.任何想要从游戏中借鉴游戏背景之外的东西的尝试注定会失败。to borrow为动词不定式作any attempt的后置定语。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城二模)A cultural view on personal spaceIt's a well-known fact that the British prefer a large “bubble” of personal space around them.    1    And in South America, a friend may grab you by the arm during conversation to make their point.Now, a study published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology has looked into why different cultures have such different approaches to personal space.　2    They developed an earlier study that divided individuals into “contact” and “non-con-tact” cultures. Contact cultures—southern European, Latin American and Arabian—engaged in more touching and stood closer during the conversation than non-contact cultures in northern Eu-rope, North America and parts of Asia.To a degree, this proved correct. Argentina becomes known as the most touchy-feely nation;people here keep the same distance from a stranger as a British person would keep from an acquaintance.　3    They come out with the widest distance you should stand from a stranger—more than 1.3m—but one of the narrowest gaps for close friends, just 40cm, compared to nearly 60cm for a British person. So the theory of warm versus cold is not as straightforward as it sounds.
　4    The higher a country's average temperature is, the closer people will stand to a stranger.But older people in warm climates keep a bigger distance from close friends and stand closer to strangers;women generally keep a greater distance from someone they don't know.The academics leading this study admit that there is a lot more to do.But what we do know is to keep your distance in Canada;prepare for a hug in Argentina.　5    They like to stand closer than anybody else. To keep warm, perhaps.A.It's important to get the distance right, though.B.Romanians clearly take longer to establish trust.C.How close we stand to other people varies widely between countries.D.And if you end up on good terms with a Norwegian, don't draw back.E.However, in India people will pack into trains and buses without a second thought.F.One theory the researchers wanted to test was whether climate affects personal space.G.The study certainly found that climate, age and gender have an effect on personal distance across cultures.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文,讲述了不同国家的文化对于私人空间的影响并给出了一些解释,指出这和本国的气温、人的性别、年龄都有关。1.E　首段从不同国家的人与人之间的距离不同的现象引入话题。设空处前提到:英国人需要很大的私人空间。E项转折说:然而印度人想都不想就会挤进火车和公交车。因此本题选E。2.F　设空处后说他们设置了一个接触文化组和一个非接触文化组;F项:研究人员想要测试的一个理论是气候是否影响私人空间;后文的They即是选项中的researchers,故选F。3.B　该段讲到了一个国家的人和陌生人相处时保持最远的距离,但亲密熟悉的朋友之间保持的距离很短;B选项:显然罗马尼亚人需要更长时间来建立信任。B项对应后文的解释,因此本题选B。4.G　设空处是该段的首句,应概括本段大意。G项:研究确实发现气候、年龄和性别对不同文化的私人空间都有影响。根据全段内容可知,本空选G。5.D　设空处后说他们喜欢和别人站得近一些,也许是为了保持温暖;D项中的挪威是北欧国家,非常寒冷,连接下文,故选D。
高级语块　look into 调查,研究
长难句　The higher a country's average temperature is, the closer people will stand to a stranger.一个国家的平均温度越高,人们和陌生人之间站得就越近。The+比较级...,the+比较级...表示“越……,越……”。
Passage 3 (2019北京西城二模)　　Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The loca-tion of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices. 　1    The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks. 　2    A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic re-searchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area signifi-cantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.　3    It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and pro-
mote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage con-sumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.　4    Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought something from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines. 　5    The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers' eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
A.These foods give people more energy.B.They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.C.And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.D.The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.E.These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health and Mental Hy-giene.F.They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.G.And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change cus-tomer behavior.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,先提出不仅仅是饥饿感,商店里食物摆放的位置也会影响人们的消费,后面具体介绍了所产生的影响及其应用。1.C　首段提出的是文章要议论的问题。本段说人的饥饿感并不是唯一让人多买东西的原因,结合本文内容可知结账区物品的摆放也会影响人们的购买行为。C项:这可能会形成或打破一些健康的饮食习惯。it指前文提到的物品的摆放,因此本题选C。2.G　设空处后一句的例子讲了一个实验,如果食堂的货架上摆放的是健康食品而非垃圾食品,那里的消费者会更容易放弃垃圾食品,所以将健康的选择摆放出来就能改变消费者的行为,和G项一致,故选G。3.E　设空处后讲到:它已经开始和1,000多家商店老板沟通,鼓励他们订购和推销健康的食物。E项:这些发现引起了纽约市健康部门的关注。下一句中的it指E选项中的New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,因此选E。4.F　F项讲了Adjoian和她的同事为了验证这些发现,做了实验。具体的做法是:将结账区附近的糖果和饼干换成水果和坚果。后文是具体的实验步骤和观察到的结果,F项和后文承接,因此本题选F。
5.B　在替换了结账区附近的食品种类后,人们会更多地购买有营养的食物,B项说更少地购买不健康的食物,和之前提到的研究结果一致,故选B。
高级语块　apply to 应用
长难句　Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. 空着肚子去逛杂货店,你可能会买一些你没计划要买的东西回家。此句结构为“祈使句+and+简单句”,为固定句式。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京海淀第一学期期中)How to Turn Your Goals into HabitsFirst we make our habits, and then our habits make us. It's such a simple concept, yet it's some-thing we don't always do.I believe that having one goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals. By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time.　1    My answer takes a little explaining. I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so, I put my goals on au-topilot. Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month. The more you can focus, the more it'll be on autopilot.　2    You'll still do it, but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it, and you can focus on your next goal or habit.Take my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. So that was my goal. 　3    First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit eas-
ily. I focused on the daily running habit for about a month, and didn't have any other goals or habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day.　4    I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon. I still had to do the running, of course, but it didn't require constant focus.　5    I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits. I put my marathon goal into autopilot, so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals.A.And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life.B.At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal.C.But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits.D.With this accountability, there's no way I could stop running.E.Once you put it on autopilot, you don't have to focus on it much.F.My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects.G.Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。本文讲述了如何化目标为习惯。1.F　空格前说我达成了很多个人目标,personal goals与选项F中的them对应,此外选项F中的asked与空格后的my answer呼应,故选F。2.E　选项E中的it和空格后的it均指空格前所述的你想要实现的某个目标。连起来大意是:一旦你将它放在自动运行轨道上,你就不用过度关注它了。你仍然需要去做,只不过花一点儿力气就够了。句意承接自然,故选E。3.C　空格后分别是First和Second引出的两个习惯,和C选项中的two habits吻合,故选C。4.G　此空位于段首,起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是两个习惯,下文讲的是马拉松,与G选项吻合,故选G。5.A　空格后的“I was able to achieve this...”当中的this指的是马拉松,作者终于完成了第一个马拉松长跑,与A选项匹配,故选A。
高级语块　1.turn...into...把……变成……　2.all year long全年
长难句　I put my marathon goal into autopilot, so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals.我把我的马拉松目标变成了“自动驾驶”,这样我就不用持续一整年日日为它挣扎,而是专注于它一个月,并且能够在专注于新的习惯和目标的同时完成它。此句为so连接的两个并列分句,第一个分句是简单句,第二个分句中包含一个由while引导的省略了主语和系动词的时间状语从句。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城第一学期期末)　　The concept of “the body” is closely related to the ideas of “illness” and “health”. 　1    The main reasons for the differences are genetic and the fact that people's bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat “unhealthy” foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in repetitive, physically difficult work. 　2    That is to say, the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. 　3     For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.　4     Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judge-ments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical con-texts. The culture, and media, of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. 　5    Currently, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this
was different. It is easy for people to feel undervalued because of factors they have no power to change, for example, their age and height. Equally, they can feel pressured into making changes to their appearance when there is a choice, which in some cases can lead to an unhealthy interest in weight loss. Therefore, sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms.A.There are other types of social factors too.B.All of these factors affect the condition of a person's health.C.Their housing conditions and neighbourhoods need to be improved.D.What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies greatly.E.All of us exist in “bodies” of different shapes, heights, colours and physical abilities.F.Social factors in general play an important role in the development of people's body conditions.G.It is not clear, however, whether the situation of being poor causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,讲述了人的身体情况和社会因素之间的联系。1.E　空格后说:造成这些不同的主要原因是基因以及人的身体随年龄的增长而改变的事实。因此本空应先介绍人的身体不同的方面有哪些,E选项说我们的体型、身高、肤色和体能都有不同,根据逻辑关系可知选E。2.B　空格前讲到穷一些的人更可能吃不健康的食物、吸烟、做重复性的体力类的工作。提到的这三点都是影响人的健康的因素,且空格后提到身体情况被社会因素所影响,因此本题选B。3.G　空格后举例:有心理健康问题的人可能有着无家可归的风险,就像无家可归的人可能有更高患抑郁症的风险一样,我们并不知道心理健康和无家可归哪个是因哪个是果。G选项中的“whether the situation of being poor causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around”讲的就是这两种相反的情况,故选G。4.A　之前两段讲贫穷和人的身体的关系,本段讲的是历史、文化背景和人们对于身体审美之间的关系,可知本段讲的是另外的社会因素,A选项承上启下,故选A项。
5.D　根据空格后一句Currently, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but histor-ically this was different.可知,过去和现在对于胖瘦的审美是不同的,D选项是后文内容的过渡,故选D。
高级语块　at risk of冒……风险
长难句　Equally, they can feel pressured into making changes to their appearance when there is a choice, which in some cases can lead to an unhealthy interest in weight loss. 同样地,当有选择时,他们可能迫于压力对他们的外表做出改变。在一些情况下,这可能会引发人们对于减重的不健康的兴趣。when引导时间状语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前一句话的内容。
Passage 3 (2018北京朝阳一模)CharismaAre leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it?Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. 　1    Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person:They feel their own emotions strongly, they inspire strong emotions in other people, and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people.You needn't worry if you don't have these qualities.　2     Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people's behavior influ-ences their emotions. 　3     He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him or her.
　4     For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confi-dent and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest.Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence.　5    One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally, she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere.A.This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.B.Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.C.Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.D.It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.E.It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others.F.But it is worth noting that charisma can't be a pretended ability although it can be learned.G.He adds you're unaware of picking up others' gestures, but you know it makes you feel good.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了有魅力的人所具有的品质以及人如何变得有魅力。1.E　空格前两句都在介绍什么是个人魅力,参照选项只有E项能承接上文,进一步描述charis-ma,且E项中的主语It即charisma,故选E项。2.B　空格前一句说当你不具备这些品质时不必担忧,空格后一句说你会在不知不觉中仿效有魅力的人的语言及面部表情。由此可推知此空承上启下,说明魅力可以通过学习获得,故选B项。3.G　根据前一句中的it works partly because people's behavior influences their emotions可知G项的内容与之对应,而且G项中的He adds与后一句中的He proves对应,且语义衔接紧密,故选G项。4.A　根据后文的For example可知后面的例子在论证此空的内容,而后一句的例子在说明肢体表现所带来的效果,与A项语义对应,故选A项。5.F　根据后文的you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally, she warns—if the per-sonality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere可知F项中的pretended ability与后一句语义衔接且开头的But与前一句语义形成转折,符合语境,故选F项。
高级语块　1.come upon 偶然遇见;偶然发现无意中找到2.come across as... 给人的印象是……
长难句　Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. Wiseman说,当你遇到一个有魅力的人的时候,你会无意识地仿效他或她的肢体语言及面部表情。此句中that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中又含有who引导的定语从句;without realizing it为介宾短语作状语。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京海淀二模)Sleep and Teens—Biology and BehaviorHow much sleep do teens need? And how much sleep are they realistically getting? Based on cur-rent data, most teens need about 9-plus hours to have the best or most suitable sleep at night. 　1    Many factors combine to decrease sleep in adolescents. We can think in general of two major fac-tors:biological, the brain processes that regulate the amount and timing of sleep, and behavior, all the psychological, parental, societal, cultural features of a teen's life.　2     These changes lay the groundwork for the biological night to occur later during the teen years than before.Circadian Rhythms (daily biological clock) seems to slow down as young people progress through the middle school years. At the same time, the sleep pressure system appears to change in a way that makes it easier to stay awake longer, though without changing the amount of sleep that is needed.
Moreover, many teens have a “technological playground” in their bedrooms:televisions, com-puters with 24/7 Internet access, telephones, electronic game stations, MP3 players, and so forth. These technologies provide instant and constant contact with peers. Societal and media pressure to consume these technologies is now higher than ever. Yet society also requires that teens go to school at a time of day that is at odds with their biological and social lives. So we see teens turn to caffeine, late-night Internet and cramming in activity after activity as a means to keep awake.　3    Problems emerge for lack of sleep. 　4    For some, grades begin to suffer as they struggle to keep awake during class and while doing homework. And others may simply feel moody, never know-ing how to feel or do their best. Worse still, many teens suffer from both physical and mental ill-ness.
　5    The earlier teens can start this good sleep habit, the easier it will be for them to stay healthy, happy and smart.A.Sleep experts recommend that teens keep consistent sleep and wake schedules.B.Teens may schedule sleep like any other daily activity and make sleep a priority.C.Then they are trapped into a terrible situation where they would never get enough sleep. D.The sleep-wake biological regulatory factors appear to change significantly during adolescence.E.Some teenagers struggle to wake up in the morning, often resulting in late or missed school. F.Teens may be driven to things that can wake them up because they'll fall asleep if they do not.G.However, it is indicated that most teens fall short of this goal, many by a considerable amount.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了现在很多青少年面临的睡眠问题。1.G　根据文章标题和主旨可知,本文主要围绕青少年的睡眠问题展开,空格前一句并没有提出文章的核心问题,所以空格处的作用便是指出核心话题、开启下文,且前后之间是转折关系。另外,G项中的this goal指的便是空格前一句中的most teens need about 9-plus hours to have the best or most suitable sleep at night,故选择G项。2.D　此空为段落首句,起到了总领句的作用,且下文中多次出现“改变”,因此选择D项。3.C　此空是对前一句的进一步解释说明,前一句提到很多青少年利用咖啡因、整夜上网等方式让自己晚上不睡觉,空格处说明这样做的后果,因此选择C项。4.E　通过本段第四句的主语others可知,本段针对青少年的各种缺觉现象进行了举例说明,因此选择E项。5.A　从空格后的句子可以看出,本段是在给青少年提建议,故选择A项。
长难句　At the same time, the sleep pressure system appears to change in a way that makes it eas-ier to stay awake longer, though without changing the amount of sleep that is needed.与此同时,睡眠压力系统似乎在某种程度上发生了变化,使人更容易保持更长时间的清醒状态,尽管所需要的睡眠量并没有变化。句中way后为that引导的定语从句,从句中的it为形式宾语,though表让步,后接介宾短语,短语中sleep后为that引导的定语从句。
Passage 2 (2018北京东城二模)It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention. 　1     Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.Humans are born to trade. 　2     Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things comes naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the cred-its involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist. Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading part-ners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes(斧子).     3     Finally, both groups of “producers”, by concentrating on things they could produce and ex-changing them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for un-necessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.
In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes(染料) have been found in an area where none were produced.　4    Small round pieces of glass that were 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us was not just random findings—they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace. Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today. 　5     However, their modern equivalents—fast cars and expensive clothes—hold the same attrac-tion for us as “trade goods” did for people 100,000 years ago. A.And we don't need shops or money to do it. B.These are powerful evidence for cash purchase. C.In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity. D.However, first trade began from the exchange of objects.E.Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces. F. It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30 kilometres away. G. Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。考古学家指出人类天生就会交易。1.C　由空格后句中的an ancient desire和our ancestors可知,空格处是在追溯历史,故选择C项。2.A　本段主要阐述了人类天生就会交易,因此每句话都指向主旨,A项句首的And表示与前句的承接关系,而A项中的do it指代前句中的trade,故选择A项。3.G　空格前句中的along a chain of trading partners与G项中的along the chain相呼应,故选择G项。4.F　前句阐述发现染料的地区并不生产染料,后句便解释这些染料有可能来自哪里,故选择F项。5.E　本段主要围绕现代阐述,而且空格后句中的hold the same attraction与E项中的may not be impressed by为转折关系,符合句意,故选择E项。
高级语块　concentrate on 集中注意力于……
Passage 3 (2018北京西城二模)Bad News for the Highly IntelligentThere are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.　1    Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the per-centage of those who reported disorders with the national average and found that Mensa's highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and her team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, of all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psycho-logical and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OEs.　2    This can include anything from an
astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn't occur to someone less intelli-gent.　3    The results of this study must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn't prove that high intelli-gence is the cause of the disorder.　4     All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that asso-ciations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene (基因) influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 　5     In a 2015 study, Ros-alind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQs and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights into how to improve people's psychological and physical well-being.
A.Now there's some bad news for those smart people.B.There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C.It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.D.Scientists did research to understand the reasons behind the advantages.E.That may cause the body's stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.F.It's also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQs.G.They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disor-ders.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。智商高有很多好处,但是研究发现智商高也有负面影响。1.A　文章第一段主要概括了智商高的好处,第二段提出了智商高可能带来的负面影响,因此可以判断出此空要引出本段的主旨,故选择A项。2.C　文章第三段主要阐述了智商高的人可能会对外界的批评反应过激,空格处显然是对前句中出现的overexcitabilities进行进一步解释说明,因此选择C项。3.E　空格出现在段落最后一句,与前句和整段内容都有着紧密的联系,本段阐述了智商高的人有可能对不赞成他们的声音有过度地解读和分析,这样会给他们带来负面的影响,所以本空主要解释可能出现的负面影响。4.F    空格前句提到在这个研究中,高智商人群出现失调的情况比普通人多并不能证明高智商就是导致失调的罪魁祸首,后一句延续此话题,提出了或许有其他的可能性,故选择F项。5.B　空格前句提出了一种可能性,后句便出示了相关证据,因此选择B项。
高级语块　1.occur to(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中2.set the stage for为……做准备,使……成为可能
长难句　Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn't prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.高智商人群样本中出现失调的情况比普通人多的现象并不能证明高智商就是导致失调的罪魁祸首。本句的主语是Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population,主语部分that引导了一个宾语从句;整个句子的谓语是doesn't prove,后接一个that引导的宾语从句。
Group 4Passage 1 (2018北京朝阳二模)Rich and FamousTwenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine. But today's situation is quite different.　1    Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, a pop star, or an actor—in other words, they hope to become a celebrity (名人).According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame.    2     Take athletes and singers for example. Their careers are short-lived. Many athletes' best time only lasts a few years and singers can have a very limited career. The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in. As a result, they'll have a feeling of worthlessness and lack of control.　3    The truth is quite simple:they have been so far removed from it for so long.In spite of these disadvantages, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve
that status. They are not satisfied just making a living—they want to be rich and famous. Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or months. 　4    They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals. 　5     That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success. As a result, many people won't realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.A.The younger generation don't favor these professions any more.B.In many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.C.Unfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on people's life.D.Besides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.E.People no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.F.This quick way of gaining the wealth and the fame creates a celebrity culture among people.G.The reason is that they don't realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。一些人从小的梦想职业有可能会对自身有负面的影响。1.A　空格前两句中,第一句介绍过去人们想从事什么职业,第二句话锋一转,表明现在和过去情况不一样了,所以空格处应是上一句的延续,故选择A项。2.C　空格后举例说明这些工作的负面影响,而空格前提到这些工作能带来名和利,因此空格处为转折,选择C项。3.D　空格处与空格后的话题一致,都在说他们不能适应平淡的生活,故选择D项。4.F　通过句意可知,空格前后话题一致,主要介绍参加才艺比赛的年轻人想要快速出人头地,F项中的This quick way指的是空格前句中提到的才艺比赛,故选择F项。5.G　空格处是对前句的情况进行解释说明,故选择G项。
长难句　While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals.尽管很多人认为有这样的志向没有什么错,但还有一些人觉得这种趋势最终会让人产生不满,因为越来越多的人达不到他们的目标。句中While引导让步状语从句,argue后的that和feel后的that均引导宾语从句,as引导原因状语从句。
Passage 2 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中)If you were like most kids, your mother must have told you there were three no-no's when it came to your fingers:Don't put them in an electrical outlet, don't stick them up your nose (at least not in public), and don't use them when you are counting.　1     But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students.It certainly makes sense.When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept—mathematics—and translate it into the most basic and visual form. 　2    Even when we aren't ac-tually counting on them, they still can help us on math problems.　3    It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger. Studying brain scans, researchers discovered that when students aged 8 to 13 work on subtraction(减法) e-quations, this region “lights up” on the scans, even if the students aren't using their fingers. The more complex the problem is, the more activities are detected. The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests
as well. With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a re-searcher was touching.　4     When college students were given the same quiz, the highest scores once again performed best on calculation tests.So what does all this mean? For one thing, parents and teachers shouldn't discourage children from counting on their fingers. 　5    Memorizing the multiplication tables may help, but it is not the best option. “I would like to see interesting and creative representations of ideas.” says Jo Boaler, a professor of math education. Recently, a series of activities have been designed to strengthen students' perception of their fin-gers. Maybe in the near future, there will be only two no-no's regarding the use of fingers. A.The first two laws of fingers are as true as ever.B.There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area.C.Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools.D.Researchers are unimpressed by those students who finish quickly as well.E.In fact, experts believe the brain is able to “see” a representation of our fingers.F.That may sound simplistic, but the researchers offer an interesting explanation.G.Researchers found those scoring highest on the finger-ID questions scored higher on a math test.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。研究表明用手指数数可能会帮助儿童发展数学能力。1.A　空格前列举了三项我们小时候妈妈告诉我们的不可以用手指做的事情,而A项中的The first two laws of fingers顺承了前文内容,照应前文的三项有关手指使用的“规章”,故选A。2.E　空格前说的是当儿童在数手指时,这一举动是把抽象概念变成视觉形式。空格后的Even when we aren't actually counting on them, they still can help us on math problems.说的是甚至当我们没有真正在数它们(手指)时,它们(手指)也能帮助我们解决数学问题。从两句话的对比可知后一句说的不是实物的手指,而是头脑中的影像,对应的含义就是E选项。3.B　根据空格后一句It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger.可以推知,这里的It指的应该是头脑中的神经,对应B选项中的brain和 the somatosensory finger area,故选B。4.G　根据空格后一句When college students were given the same quiz, the highest scores once again performed best on calculation tests.可知,空格处应该说的也是测试结果,而且结构应该与后文一致,故选G。
5.C　根据空格前一句的For one thing可以推知后文应该提及第二项启示,而只有C项符合句意,故选C。
高级语块　1.when it comes to...当说到……2.discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
长难句　The more complex the problem is, the more activities are detected.问题越复杂,越多的活动就会被探测到。本句使用了“The+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。
Passage 3(2017北京东城二模)Community ServiceNowadays high schools are faced with a very controversial issue whether or not community ser-vice hours are needed to graduate. High schools are arguing that 40 hours of community service are needed to graduate, but many upset students are voicing protests(反对)to this demand. Supporters of the community service project argue that while high school students are participating in community service, they will become better aware of what the real world is like. Students will learn valuable life lessons by doing community service.　1    They feel that if high school students are forced to do community service, they will begin to see it as a punishment and as something that they have to do because it is required instead of something that they want to do. Students will in the future look back at the community service projects that they were forced to do throughout high school.　2    
Another idea that the protesters give about this community service issue is time restriction. When a student goes to school full-time, he is involved in after-class activities and also works. 　3    Sup-porters argue back that high school students only need to fulfill 40 hours of community service throughout 4 years. If students well manage their time and start the community service in their first year in high school, all they need to do is an hour every other week.　4    The protesters argue that high school students do not have the driver's license, so how are they expected to get to their community service site when their parents or friends are at work or just too busy to give them a ride. 　5    The supporters argue that students can find community ser-vice projects close to home or that if they live in the country, find another student to carpool with.In my opinion, community service is a wonderful thing that everyone should be required to do at some point in their life, but are high school students mature or responsible enough to take on community service projects at this stage in their life?
A.Protesters have struck back with a very solid argument.B.A final controversial issue that appears is transportation.C.Students will feel good about themselves for helping others in need.D.They will continue to carry a negative attitude towards community service for their lifetime.E.Both sides have solid arguments about why community service should or should not be forced upon students. F.Unless the school offers a means of transportation to the students, there is really no solution to this problem.G.The time that is needed to participate in a community service project may place quite a burden on the student.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章聚焦高中生是否需要参加社区服务的问题,分别从三个方面展现了支持者和反对者的理由。1.A　根据空格前后句可以看出,前面是社区服务支持者的观点,而后面则是反对者的观点,所以空格处的句子起到的作用是转折,故选择A项。2.D　空格在尾句,是对前句的延续,前句是反对者的观点,D项与前面的话题和主语是一致的。3.G　空格前是反对者的观点,他们认为全日制的高中生既要参加课外活动又要学习,所以设空处应该是对前句的总结、强调,因此选择G项。4.B　文章的第二、三、四段从三个方面阐述了支持者和反对者的观点,本空为首句,起总领作用,因此选择B项。5.F　本段是围绕transportation一词展开的,只有F项与段落主旨一致,故选择F项。
长难句　Nowadays high schools are faced with a very controversial issue whether or not commu-nity service hours are needed to graduate.如今,高中面临着一个很有争议的问题——是否需要社区服务时间才能毕业。句中whether...graduate是同位语从句,作issue的同位语,对issue的具体内容进行解释说明。
C组  2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组Passage 1 (2019 5·3原创预测卷五)　　You're suffering from a bad case of burnout, especially after you do the same work too many years. 　1    . Here are the tips that may help you to keep your energy up.　2    . It's essential to be open to new opportunities when they come your way. Maybe it will be a once-in-a-lifetime chance to change yourself. As it turns out, you will succeed.Seek opportunities for reinvention. My advice to anyone working to achieve long-term success is to regularly step back, assess your progress and consider new experience that can help you grow professionally.　3    . So think about where your greatest professional development opportunities lie, and don't be afraid to speak up if you aren't actively addressing them. I've found that many new opportunities exist beneath the sur-face—all you have to do is raise your hand and ask.Step outside of your comfort zone.
While the idea of reinvention may sound daunting, this can mean anything from taking on a new project, joining a new team or accepting a “stretch” assignment. 　4    , and keep that profes-sional spark well lit. And don't wait. The pace of change is rapid, and you can't sit on the side-lines.Experience the payoff. Wearing different hats or changing your position can keep you invigorated about your job and bet-ter positioned to accept challenges or opportunities to come. 　5    .A.Set a realistic goalB.Keep an open mindC.That can make it easier to see where you should goD.I look on it as a process of continuous reinventionE.But try as you might, you can't make you stay excited at your job F.This can open new doors that will greatly benefit you as your career progressesG.Every change you make, big or small, can help drive your advancement
答案    [语篇解读]　这篇文章主要讲如何克服职业倦怠,始终保持活力。1.E　此题为过渡句。前一句说你干了多年同样的工作,免不了产生职业倦怠,后一句给了保持你的精力在高水平的建议,故此处应为“尽管你努力尝试了,但你还是不能对你的工作保持热情”。所以选E。2.B　此题为主题句。本段谈的是保持开放的心态。当机会来临时,愿意接受新机会非常关键。所以选B。3.D　此题为细节句。本段讲的是寻找机会,重塑自我。经常回顾以往的经历,评估自己的进步情况,考虑有哪些经验能够有助于职业发展,这些就是持续重塑自我的过程。4.G　此题为细节句。本段讲的是走出自己的舒适区,接受新的项目,加入新团队或接受一项“延伸”工作。这些都是你做出的改变,无论大小,都能让你进步,让你对职业的热情之火永不熄灭。所以选G。5.F　此题为细节句。本段讲的是体验回报,保持激情,做好接受挑战与机遇的准备,这样可以让你接触更多新领域,随着职业生涯的发展,将给你带来巨大的优势。所以选F。
Passage 2 (2019 5·3原创预测卷六)　　What is your best study time? Do you feel most like studying in the late hours of the night?    1     But that can be a problem for parents and school officials.While some students like to get up early in the morning and study, most will say that late night studying is most productive. When it comes to brain power, students will say they perform better at night and the fact that parents might find surprising and interesting is that science seems to agree.That can be a problem! School starts early in the morning for most students, so the benefits of studying at night can be eliminated by the drowsiness (昏昏欲睡) of missing sleep! 　2    Here are a few tips for maximizing study time.●　3     You might surprise yourself. Try getting up early to study and see if it works out.●Have a talk with parents to tell them that teen brains do perform better at night, so you won't have to deal with miscommunication. 　4    You might be able to come up with a solution.●Agree on an absolute “start time” for studying if you need to study late. Turn off the TV! Your brain should be just fine at six or seven o'clock. You don't need to start after dark.
●Agree on a solid deadline for closing books and getting to sleep.●　5    You can do all of that early evening and get serious later in the evening if you're a night owl.●On occasion, you may be able to go to school a little late if you have to study for an afternoon test. As long as you are communicating with your parents, and as long as the tardiness doesn't hurt your grades, you may be able to work this out.A.Show them the science. B.If so, you are not alone.C.Don't waste time on texts, games, and social media.D.If not, adjust your study habits as quickly as you can.E.Therefore, it's a good idea to study early in the evening.F.Figure out if you are a morning person or a night person.G.Science also shows that the amount of sleep you get will affect your academic performance.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文主要对青少年在一天中的如何充分利用最佳学习时间给出建议。1.B　文章前两句话提出了两个问题,第二个问题是:你最想要在深夜学习吗?B项“如果是这样的话,不只你这样”正好可以作为回答,并且和后面的But...呼应。故选B。2.G　这一段讲的是晚上学习存在的问题,客观上学生上学早,另外科学也证明睡眠时间长短会影响学习成绩,故选G。 3.F　设空处后建议早点起床学习,看看这样是否适合你,因此这一段讲的应该是弄清楚自己是早上学习状态好还是晚上学习状态好,而且此空和下一句You might surprise yourself.呼应,故选F。4.A　根据这一段第一句话可知,这段讲的是和父母谈谈晚上学习的好处,从而避免误会。因此要想让父母信服,给他们展示科学,故选A。5.C　此处应列举一些不可以浪费时间做的事,为后面一句中的all of that所指代的内容,故选C。