高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题四推理判断课件2

这是一份高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题四推理判断课件2，共60页。
专题四 推理判断
高考英语 (北京市专用)
A组  自主命题·北京卷题组
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?”With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some re-search and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father se-cured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product—CanCandy.As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.1.How did Moore react to her dad's warning?A.She argued with him.　　B.She tried to find a way out.C.She paid no attention.　　D.She chose to consult dentists.2.What is special about CanCandy?A.It is beneficial to dental health.B.It is free of sweeteners.C.It is sweeter than other candies.D.It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
3.What does Moore expect from her business?A.To earn more money.B.To help others find smiles.C.To make herself stand out.D.To beat other candy companies.4.What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C.Positive thinking and action result in success.D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为创新与创业意识。Alice是一个青少年创业者,她用她独有的智慧帮助了其他爱吃糖果的孩子并成就了自己的事业。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于她爸爸的警告,Moore是如何回应的?根据题干中的关键词dad's warning可以锁定答案在第二段。根据第二段第五句So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?”可知,Moore希望找到解决办法,因此答案为B项(她试图找到出路)。A:她与他争论;C:她没有给予关注;D:她选择咨询牙医。2.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:CanCandy有什么特别之处?根据文章第三段第一句With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.可知答案为A项(它对牙齿健康有益处)。B:它没有甜味剂;C:它比其他糖果都甜;D:它是按照牙医处方做的。
3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Moore对她的事业有什么期待?根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.可知,答案为B项(帮助其他人找到笑容)。A:赚更多的钱;C:让她自己脱颖而出;D:打败其他糖果公司。4.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们从Alice Moore的故事当中能够学到什么?Alice的初衷是为了让更多喜欢糖果的小孩既能享用糖果又能使牙齿健康,有了积极的想法并积极地去行动,最终她的事业获得了成功,因此本题选C项(积极的想法和行动成就了成功)。
高考热词    1.trial n.试验　2.consequently adv.因此　3.secure v.(尤指经过努力)获得,取得　4.credibility n.可信度　5.unique adj.独特的
高级语块　be enthusiastic about热衷于    
长难句　By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them. 在她13岁的时候,她的公司价值数百万美元,发明了一种超级甜食,这种甜食可以保护孩子们的牙齿,而不是破坏它们。本句为主从复合句。句子的主干是her company was worth millions of dollars。By the time she was 13是时间状语;that could save kids' teeth是定语从句,修饰a super-sweet treat;instead of destroying them也是状语。
about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not re-sponsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently bro-ken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to　　    .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might　　    .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶可以降解塑料。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics”以及下面的“and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it”可知,本题选择C项。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to i-dentify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut mi-crobes?”可知,本题选择B项。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process...”可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,故选择D项。4.C    主旨要义题。文章第一段最后一句话提出有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围绕这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。
高考热词    1.produce v.生产;制造　2.effective adj. 有效的　3.suggest v.表明　4.confirm v.(尤指提供证据来)证实,证明,确认 5.evolve v.逐步形成　6.involve v.(使)参加,加入7.previous adj. 先前的;以往的　8.identify v.确定　9.employ v.使用,运用
高级语块　1.wind up... 以……告终2.apply sth. to sth. 把某物涂在某物上
长难句　To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste and applied it to plastic films.为了证实只有幼虫的咀嚼是不会使聚乙烯降解的,研究人员将一些幼虫弄成糊状物并涂在塑料薄膜上。To...breakdown是目的状语,confirm后接that引导的宾语从句,从句中the worms' chewing alone是主语。
Passage 3 (2017北京,A)词数:344It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy soft-ball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris's eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shak-ing. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quick-ly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,”says Taylor.Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pres-sure in a scary situation.”
1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A.She caught a bad cold.B.She had a sudden heart problem.C.She was knocked down by a ball.D.She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A.She made a worthy friend.B.She recovered from shock.C.She received immediate CPR.D.She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A.Enthusiastic and kind.B.Courageous and calm.C.Cooperative and generous.D.Ambitious and professional.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。介绍了Taylor Bisbee用刚刚学到的心肺复苏(CPR)及时救助队友Paris White的过程。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.可知,Paris突发心脏病,故选B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二、三段的内容可知,对于心脏病突发的人来说,身边有人能立刻实施心肺复苏(CPR),这是幸运的,故选C项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.和第六段中的Taylor's swift action可知,Taylor在紧急时刻,表现得既勇敢又镇静,故选B。
高考热词    1.stamp v.跺(脚)　2.emergency n.紧急情况3.immediate adj.立刻的,即时的　4.technique n.技术;技能　5.hesitate v.(对某事)犹豫,迟疑不决6.scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的　7.swift adj. 迅速的　8.survival n.生存;存活;幸存
高级语块　1.calm down (使)平静　2.heart failure心力衰竭　3.apply to... 向……提出申请
长难句　Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device that can shock the heart back into work.另外两个队友跑去找来校医务室的护士,她带来了除颤器,一个能电击心脏使其恢复工作的电子器械。关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the school nurse;关系代词that引导定语从句。
Passage 4 (2017北京,D)词数:455Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become ex-tremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known math-ematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively in-terfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine
cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruc-tion of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue
that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible un-less machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelli-gent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talk-ing moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-in-duced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may　　    .A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human's real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician
2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to　　    .A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to　　    .A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots' affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。1.A　主旨要义题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知,人工智能有可能会超出人类的控制,Norbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点。2.A　推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish to preserve its own existence”以及“it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead”可以看出,有特定目标的机器会保护自身免受破坏,故选A。3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines..., using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可以得知,一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界。4.C　细节理解题。由最后一段的首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move for-ward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知,很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是有可能的,但是绝非易事,C项符合文章内容。
高考热词    1.achieve v.(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)2.associate v.联想;联系　3.preserve v.维护;保护4.consequence n.结果　5.original adj. 原来的6.secure v.(尤指经过努力)获得,取得,实现7.ordinary adj. 普通的　8.dismiss v.不予考虑;摒弃9.transformation n.(彻底的)改变,改观10.moonshine n.蠢话;胡言乱语
高级语块　1.other than除……之外　2.let alone更不用说
长难句　If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the pur-pose which we really desire.如果我们利用某机械机构来实现我们的目标,而我们又不能有效地干预其运行,那我们最好十分确定我们赋予机器的目标就是我们真正渴望实现的目标。if在句中引导条件状语从句,在该从句中,不定式短语作目的状语,with whose引导定语从句,先行词为a mechanical agency;which引导定语从句。
the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Be-fore the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other an-imals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”
1.California condors attract researchers' interest because they　　    .A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in California D.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are　　    .A.blocking condors' journey home B.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at night D.used to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning　　    .A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors' kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors' bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that　　    .A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problem
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为动物保护类。文章介绍了科学家们采取措施拯救濒危鸟类——加州秃鹰的情况。1.D　细节理解题。由首段第二句可知,在20世纪80年代,由于电线和铅中毒,加州秃鹰这种鸟濒临灭绝。故选D。2.B　细节理解题。由第三段首句“一直以来电线在大量杀死这种鸟”可知答案选B。3.D　推理判断题。由第五段第三句“这影响到它们的神经系统和它们繁育小鸟的能力”可推知,答案选D。4.C　主旨要义题。由尾段可知“尽管这些措施不会永久有效,但在目前是至关重要的”,再结合文中所给的数据可知C项正确。
高考热词    1.electrical adj. 电的　2.treatment n.治疗　3.rescue v.援救　4.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的　5.remove v.去除,排除(污渍、不愉快的事物等)　6.annual adj. 一年的　7.average adj. 平均的　8.vital adj. 对……极重要的
高级语块　1.die out 绝种,绝迹　2.come up with想出……　3.die of 死于　4.pay off 回报,取得成功
长难句　Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution if they touch two lines at once.它们的翅膀能把电线之间的间隙连接起来,导致如果它们同时接触两根电线的话就会被电死。if引导条件状语从句;现在分词短语resulting...作结果状语。
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1.TV Ears helps you　　    .A.improve your sleeping qualityB.listen to TV without disturbing othersC.change TV channels without difficultyD.become interested in ballgame programs2.What makes TV Ears different from other headsets?A.It can easily set TV on mute.B.Its headset volume is adjustable.C.It has a new noise reduction ear tip.D.It applies special wireless technology.3.This advertisement is made more believable by　　    .A.using recommendationsB.offering reasons for this inventionC.providing statisticsD.showing the results of experiments
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为发明与技术类。文章介绍了具有革命性的电视专用耳机,并且听觉学家和医生做了购买推荐。1.B　细节理解题。由第一段可知使用者可以在不打扰别人的前提下听清电视。所以B项正确。2.C　细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句可知这款产品与其他耳机的不同之处在于它具有减少外部噪音的小部件。3.A　推理判断题。在第二段下方,文章引用了医生和顾客推荐的内容,故A项正确。
高考热词    1.various adj. 各种各样的　2.affordable adj. 便宜的;付得起的　3.wireless adj. 无线的　4.revo-lutionary adj. 革命性的,突破性的,创新的　5.reduction n.减少;降低　6.prove v.证明
高级语块　call for 需求,要求
长难句　TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume and now it's better and more affordable than ever! 电视专用耳机已经帮助了数以千计的有不同程度听力缺失的人们不用调大电视音量就能清楚地听到电视发出的声音,而且它现在比之前更好、更便宜!第一个and前的分句中的主语是TV Ears,谓语动词是has helped,thousands of people是宾语,with various degrees of hearing loss是介词短语作定语。without turning up the volume是介宾短语作状语。
Passage 3(2014北京,B) 词数:345The Brown BearMy wife Laura and I were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,“Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An ag-gressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign(迹象)of an animal that is going in for the kill.And it was a cold April day.The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth.It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight.I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.
Even so,this was a fight I had to win:I was all that stood between the bear and my family,who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face;the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand,I struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur,trying to push it away.I was actually wrestling(扭打)with the bear at this point.Then,as suddenly as it had begun,the fight ended.The bear moved back towards the forest,before returning for another attack—the first time I felt panic.
Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went.My arm was injured,but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1.The brown bear approached the family in order to　　    .A.catch shore birds　　B.start an attackC.protect the children　　D.set up a barrier for itself2.The bear finally went away after it　　    .A.felt safe　　B.got injuredC.found some food　　D.took away the camera3.The writer and his family survived mainly due to their　　    .A.pride　　B.patienceC.calmness　　D.cautiousness
答案    [语篇解读]    本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事,讲述了作者一家在海滩遭遇熊的攻击,虽然作者受伤但是熊最终还是离开了。1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“...the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill.”可以推断这头熊接近这家人是要展开攻击,故选择B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句及最后一段第一句可知当熊感到安全以后,它最后走开了。故答案为A项。3.C　细节理解题。文章最后一段最后一句“I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.”中的clear-headed相当于calm,故选择C项。
高考热词    1.shore n.(海洋、湖泊等大水域的)岸,滨　2.spot v.看见;注意到;发现　3.aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地　4.aggressive adj. 侵略的;富于攻击性的　5.abnormally adv. 不正常地6.barrier n.屏障;障碍物　7.stick v.插入　8.sense v.感觉到;意识到　9.grasp v.抓紧;抓牢
高级语块　pin back 向后别住
长难句　Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.很明显,熊对我们没有做出进一步的威胁动作感到满意,它离开了,走的时候还毁掉了一排篱笆。本句的主干是the bear moved off,Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat是非谓语动词短语作状语,非谓语动词satisfied的逻辑主语是the bear,两者之间是被动关系,satisfied后是that引导的宾语从句。destroying a fence as it went也是非谓语动词短语作状语,非谓语动词de-stroying的逻辑主语也是the bear,两者之间是主动关系。
Passage 4(2013北京,C) 词数:353Does Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today's stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world's attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of
fans,leading him to complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ranarticles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say some-thing silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story”alive forever.If fame is so troublesome,why aren't all celebrities running away from it?The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today　　    .A.are often misunderstood by the publicB.can no longer have their privacy protectedC.spend too much on their public appearanceD.care little about how they have come into fame2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A.Availability of modern media. B.Inadequate social recognition.C.Lack of favorable chances. D.Huge population of fans.4.What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?A.Sincere.　　B.Sceptical. C.Disapproving.　　D.Sympathetic.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者主要对现在的名人没有隐私的问题发表了自己的看法。1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句“They are at the center of much of the world's attention.Paparazzi camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids publish thrilling sto-ries about their personal lives.”可知现在的明星没有隐私,故选择B项。2.B　主旨要义题。此段通过列举历史上的名人所遇到的麻烦来证明名人所遇到的问题由来已久,故选择B项。3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段所描述内容可知以Internet为代表的现代媒介令名人们的处境更加不易,故此题选择A项。4.D　推理判断题。通读全文可以发现,作者对现代名人没有批判、怀疑或是大加鼓励,倒是同情他们没有隐私、体谅他们难处的句子频繁出现,故此题应选择D项,sympathetic同情的。sincere真诚的,sceptical怀疑的,disapproving不赞同的。
高考热词    1.thrilling adj. 惊险的;扣人心弦的　2.interrupt v.打扰3.separated adj.分开的　4.phenomenon n.现象　5.celebrity n.名人　6.ridiculous adj. 荒谬的;荒唐的　7.troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的　8.escape v.逃离　9.remote adj. 偏远的;偏僻的10.justice n.公平;公正
高级语块　1.lose track of... 不了解……的动态;与……失去联系　2.be tired of sth对某事感到厌烦(厌倦)的
长难句    Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today's stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.尽管成名或许听起来就像梦想实现了一样,可如今的明星感觉就像动物园的动物,承受着少有人能够想象的压力。although引导让步状语从句;feeling like zoo animals是现在分词短语作状语,主句为today's stars face pressures that few of us can imagine。
B组  统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:313Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely avail-able to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant news-papers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street
sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known pa-pers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic.　　B.Unattractive.　　C.Inexpensive.　　D.Confidential.
2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.　　B.Common people.C.Young publishers.　　D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容是社会进步。文章介绍了报纸走向街头,走向大众的过程。文章侧重对学生历史和社会文化素养的培养。1.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:下面哪个选项对19世纪30年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是最准确的?根据文章第一段的描述可知,当时的报纸很昂贵,只有富人才能买得起。同时,当时的很多报纸对大众没有吸引力。因此B项(没有吸引力的)符合题意。A:学术的;C:便宜的;D:机密的。2.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么?根据文章第二段的描述,当报纸开始在街头销售之后,价格很低,容易买到,所以C项(它们会有更多的读者)符合题意。A:它们的定价将会更高;B:它们将从城市消失;D:它们将重获公众的信任。3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人?根据文章第二段和第三段对报纸改革的描述,尤其是第二段的The trend,then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知,新的趋势为报纸大众化。故B项(普通人)符合题意。
4.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们可以如何评价“一分报纸”的诞生?根据文章对“一分报纸”发展历程的描述,尤其是最后一段的This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well.(这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。)可知,A项(这是一个艰难的过程)符合题意。B:这是暂时的成功;C:这是对贫穷者的掠夺;D:这对印刷工人来说是灾难。
高考热词    1.annual adj. 一年的　2.subscription n. 订阅　3.accordingly adv. 因此,于是　4.appeal to 吸引5.overnight adv. 一夜之间
长难句　In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 此外,大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众读者的内容。本句是一个包含定语从句的主从复合句。其中主干是most newspapers had little in them。that would appeal to a mass audience是定语从句,修饰little。
Passage 2(2019课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols con-sisting of numbers and selective letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The re-searchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of wa-
ter or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memo-rizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Living-stone says.“But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.　　B.They named them.C.They trained them.　　D.They measured them.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.　　B.By touching a screen.C.By watching videos.　　D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numbers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.　　B.Health.C.Education.　　D.Science.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。科学家对猴子进行测试后发现猴子有一定的数字计算能力。本文侧重培养学生的语言能力。1.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么?根据题干中的before testing them以及第二段第二句中的The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined定位至第二段,再根据第一句中的A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys可知答案为C项。A:他们给它们喂食;B:他们给它们起名字;D:他们测量它们。2.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在实验中,猴子们如何得到奖励?根据题干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。根据第三段最后一句If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice...可知答案为B项。A:通过画一个圆圈;C:通过观看视频;D:通过将两种饮料混合。3.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:Livingstone的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么?根据第四段中the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation可知,答案为A项(它们可以做基本的加法)。B:它们可以理解简单的文字;C:它们可以轻松地记住数字;D:它们可以长时间保持注意力。
4.D　推理判断题。本篇文章出现了研究人员(researchers)、实验(experiment)、实验结果(the results of the experiment)等关键词,向读者展示了自然科学研究成果,因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科学版块,故答案为D项。A:娱乐;B:健康;C:教育。
高考热词    1.associate v. 联系　2.sum n. 总数,总和　3.indicate v. 表明4.quantity n. 数量　5.represent v. 表现
高级语块　consist of 由……构成    
长难句　After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. 在进行了数百次测试后,研究人员注意到,猴子有一半以上的时间会选择更高的值,这表明它们在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。noted后面是that引导的宾语从句。After running hundreds of tests 作时间状语;indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination是非谓语动词短语作状语,indicating后是that引导的宾语从句。
Passage 3(2019天津,C)词数:379How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the o-riginal prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinc-tion.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of popula-tions of other species—including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological bal-ance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator　　    .A.has a wide food choice B.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然环境。地球上的生态系统是如何运转的呢?物种之间有的关系非常紧密,有的关系疏远,科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。1.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在食物网数学模型的帮助下科学家们已经发现了什么?第二段第一句话(利用这种模型,科学家们已经发现了一些在食物网运行过程中的关键原则)与B项(影响生态系统食物网的规则)相符,故选B项。A:在食物网中物种的生活习惯。C:研究生态系统中物种的方法。D:食物网中关系疏远和关系紧密的区别。2.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:当一个捕食者　　    ,我们会从两个物种之间找到一个紧密的关系。第二段第三句话(当一个捕食者总是大量吃一种猎物的时候,这两个物种之间就建立起了紧密的关系)与C项(坚持吃一个物种的猎物)相符,故选C项。A:有广泛的食物选择。B:能很容易找到新的猎物。D:能很快迁徙到另一个地方。3.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:如果食物网顶端的捕食者数量大量减少,会发生什么事?根据第三段第一句(数学模型也揭示出食物网可能不稳定,顶端的捕食者的小小变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大影响)可知,当食物网顶端的捕食者数量大幅度减少时,食物网中的其他物
种的数量会受到意想不到的影响,故选D项。A:它们直接捕食的猎物物种会灭绝。文中没有提及会灭绝,排除A项。B:它们不直接捕食的物种会变成顶端捕食者。C:其他物种的生活环境会保持不变。4.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论?第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端捕食者鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端捕食者狼为例来解释说明第一句话。结合These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知A项(不受控制的人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统)与此相符,故选A项。B:快速的经济发展威胁到了动物的栖息地。C:具有商业价值的物种控制了其他物种。D:工业活动有助于保持食物网稳定。这三项文中均没有信息提及。5.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:一个早期的警报系统会如何帮助我们保持生态平衡?根据最后一段的描述:这套预警系统可以告诉我们什么时候调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活动或甚至能将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回。预防是关键,一旦生态系统超过了临界点那就非常难恢复了。D项(这套系统通过发出紧急信号来让我们采取预防措施)与此相符,故选D项。A:通过控制非法行为。B:通过阻止我们捕杀大型捕食者。这两项文中没有信息提及。C:通过把遭到破坏的生态系统拉回到正常状态。 预警系统本身不能做到这一点,它只能给人类发出信号。
高考热词    1.dominate v.控制;支配　2.stable adj.稳定的3.ideally adv.理想地
长难句　Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.数学模型也揭示出食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网中顶端捕食者的小小的变化会对整个生态系统产生巨大的影响。本句是一个主从复合句。逗号前面部分是句子的主句。逗号后是关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词food webs。
Passage 4(2019江苏,C)词数:444Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine?Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yester-day” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their e-conomies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the “digital divide”between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in
a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to be-lieve that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many govern-ments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the indi-vidual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under-valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.1.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to　　    .A.a lack of confidence in technologyB.a slow progress in technologyC.a conflict of public opinionsD.a waste of limited resources
2.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should　　    .A.take people's essential needs into accountB.make their programmes attractive to peopleC.ensure that each child gets financial supportD.provide more affordable internet facilities3.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A.Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B.Believing that the world has become borderless.C.Ignoring the power of economic development.D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.4.What can we learn from the passage?A.People should be encouraged to make more donations.B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会进步与人类文明。本文告诉我们应正确认识科技发展趋势并顺势而为。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。1.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于新科技的影响的错误判断会导致　　    。根据文章第二段第二句话However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce re-sources. (然而,它们有实实在在的影响,因为它们导致了对稀缺资源的错误使用。)可知答案为D项(对有限资源的浪费)。A项:对科技缺乏信心;B项:科技的缓慢进步;C项:舆论的冲突。2.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:第四段中的例子建议捐赠者应该　　    。根据第四段第三句话可知答案为A项(考虑人们的基本需求)。B项:让他们的计划吸引人;C项:确保每一个孩子都能得到经济资助;D项:提供更多负担得起的互联网设施。3.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:是什么导致许多政府取消了必要的管制?根据文章第五段第一、三句可知答案为B项(相信世界已经变得无国界)。A项:忽略了科技进步的影响;C项:忽视了经济发展的力量;D项:过度强调国际交往的作用。4.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出什么?根据文章最后一段第二句话可知答案为B项(传统科技在今天仍然占有一席之地)。A项:应该鼓励人们多捐款;C项:正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要;D项:经济政策的制定应该遵循科技发展趋势。
高考热词    1.misjudgment n.错误判断　2.fascination n.迷恋,着迷3.revolution n.革命　4.facility n.设施,设备
长难句　As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that what-ever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.因此,在过去的二十年左右,许多人开始相信,无论今天发生什么变化,都是伟大的科技进步的结果,而不顺应它将会像试图把时钟转回来一样。本句中主句主语为many people, 谓语为have come to believe, 宾语为that引导的宾语从句。
Group 2Passage 1 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room
television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices—we con-tinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.
C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.　　B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.　　D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.　　B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.　　D.Recycle them.
答案    [语篇解读]　我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。1.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句可知,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。
4.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。
高考热词    1.shiny adj. 光亮的;有光泽的　2.evolve v.逐渐发展 3.define v.给……下定义　4.accumulate v.积聚,积累5.consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗;消耗量 6.double v.(使)加倍;是……的两倍
高级语块　1.get rid of 摆脱　2.figure out 弄明白 3.cathode ray tube 阴极射线管
长难句　We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. 我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科技。但是一项新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。but连接两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中, that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导时间状语从句。
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:312We've all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What's the problem?It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big ben-efits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social commu-nication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just com-municate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with pe-ripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belong-ing, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.
2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises people's confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。介绍了“small talk(闲聊)”的重要性及其意义。1.C　细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。2.B　细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。
3.D　推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。4.C　主旨要义题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。
高考热词    1.struggle v.斗争;抗争　2.intelligence n.智力,智慧3.awkward adj. 令人尴尬的;使人难堪的　4.annoying adj. 使恼怒的;使生气的;使烦恼的　5.in-valuable adj. 极有价值的;极有用的　6.psychology n.心理学;心理　7.significantly adv.显著地
高级语块　a sense of belonging 归属感
长难句　It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challeng-ing, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.更可能的是我们中没有一个人开始交谈,因为这样做是令人尴尬的和富有挑战性的,或者我们认为这样做是令人讨厌的,并且没有必要。it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句;在主语从句中because引导原因状语从句,并列连词or连接两个并列的分句。
Passage 3 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His of-fice is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) ofthe buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of tradi-tions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao An-do, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.1.Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　    .A.following the latest world trend B.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.　　B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.　　D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang's architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes. B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques. D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.　　B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.　　D.Recreate them in practice.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着中国的建筑设计师正在获得世界的认可,故选B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。3.D　推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于现代元素与中国传统元素的结合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。
高考热词    1.architect n.建筑师　2.fruitful adj. 富有成效的　3.citizen n.市民　4.original adj. 独创的;有独创性的　5.abundant adj. 丰富的　6.unique adj. (某人、地或事物)独具的,特有的7.abandoned adj. 被遗弃的　8.corridor n.(建筑物内的)走廊,过道,通道
高级语块　1.landmark building 地标建筑2.make great efforts to do sth竭尽全力做某事3.refer to 提到;谈及;说起
长难句　Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.王澍,一位49岁的中国建筑设计师,在2012年2月28日获得了普利兹克建筑奖,这一奖项经常被称为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。句子的主干为Wang Shu won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize,句中a 49-year-old Chinese ar-chitect为同位语; which引导定语从句,先行词为Pritzker Architecture Prize,which在从句中作主语。
Passage 4 (2018天津,B)词数:407When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“We're fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?Sally had gone up-stairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosi-ty. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man
standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What's this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, it's our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”“There's some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Pi-casso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”
　　“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feel-ings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you.”1.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.
3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzled.　　B.Concerned.　　C.Frightened.　　D.Delighted.4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑……。30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。1.A    细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于Marian McNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay(曾经是一个名叫Marian McNay的水彩画画家的家)”可知Marian McNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中“Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。3.A    推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段中作者心里想的话“What was their problem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。
4.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆?根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。5.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的I never re-alized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.可知:人们往往会对身边的美视而不见,故答案为C项。
高考热词    1.watercolorist n.水彩画家　2.request v.(礼貌或正式地)请求;要求　3.curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲　4.sculpture n.雕像;雕塑品;雕刻品　5.sharply adv. 迅疾而突然地　6.confused adj.糊涂的;迷惑的　7.splendid adj. 豪华的,华丽的8.residence n.住所;住房
高级语块　1.get on one's nerves烦扰某人2.in case以防
长难句　What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢?本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“What if...?”。此外you weren't that interested in为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词a painting。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018天津,D)词数:367Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fas-cination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and re-quires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked a-
head. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more　　    .A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to others' feelingsC.likely to develop unpleasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teacher's advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bird watchers' behavior shows that they　　    .A.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides
4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should 　　    .A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new things and ideasD.try our best to protect nature
答案    [语篇解读]　研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这种感知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于观察,每天都充满魅力、新奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。但是那些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。由此可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。2.A　推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自己会看到什么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观点,故推断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身和鸟的行为。由此可见C项正确,意为“只关心鸟的名字”。4.B　细节理解题。倒数第二段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们去关注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故B项符合文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。
5.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应该欣赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领域。由此可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。
高考热词    1.awareness n.认识;意识　2.observe v.观察到　3.fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力　4.distinc-tion n.差别;区别　5.occur v.发生　6.block v.挡住(某人的视线等)　7.stream n.小河;溪8.spot v.注意到;发现　9.dimension n.方面
高级语块　frame of mind 心情,心境,情绪
长难句　Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes prac-tice and requires breaking some bad habits. 重新学习观察周围世界的技能十分简单,虽然那需要实践并摒除一些坏习惯。although引导让步状语从句;在主句中动名词短语Relearning the art of...作主语。从句中主语为it,and连接的两个谓语动词为takes和requires。
Passage 2 (2018浙江,A)词数:313In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their reader-ship and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th an-niversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.
C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress　　    .A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国小说的发展以及狄更斯在小说发展过程中的重要作用。1.C　细节理解题。从第一段的整体叙述尤其是最后一句Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.可知,在18世纪,小说被认为是几乎没有用的东西。A项:它们很难懂;B项:它们在富人中很受欢迎;D项:它们主要是由女人写的。这三个选项均与文章不符。2.D　推理判断题。第二段主要介绍了狄更斯的重要地位,在本段的最后,作者把狄更斯和《蒙娜丽莎》相比就是为了突出他在文学上的重要性。故选D项。3.A　推理判断题。本文主要讲述了狄更斯在小说发展史上的重要作用,尤其是文章最后一句But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own cul-ture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,作者呼吁人们要记住他,因此A项正确,意为“纪念一位伟大的作家”。B项:介绍一本英文小说;C项:鼓励文化研究;D项:宣传维多利亚时代的价值观。这三个选项都不符合文章的主旨。
高考热词    1.professionally adv. 作为职业;非业余地　2.fiction n.小说3.plain adv. 简直;绝对地　4.mourn v. (因失去……而)哀悼,忧伤　5.touchstone n.试金石;检验标准　6.unchallenged adj. 不被质疑的;完全接受的;没有异议的　7.remove v.免除,解除(职务等)　8.casual adj. 漫不经心的;随随便便的9.distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的;著名的　10.approach v.(在距离或时间上)靠近,接近
高级语块　all walks of life 各行各业
长难句　In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. 1870年,当狄更斯去世的时候,全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业的作家和出版商;他非常出名,深受人们的喜爱。他使小说的出版和读者人数急剧增加。他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小蒂姆——被认为是道德的标准。when引导时间状语从句,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher是主句。who和whose均引导定语从句。
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the bas-ket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain. B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future. D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.　　B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.　　D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.　　B.Some food. C.A recording.　　D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It's unexpected.　　B.It's beautiful.C.It's humorous.　　D.It's discouraging.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,讲述了一位志愿者成功救助一只落到地上的猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。作者为猫头鹰雏鸟编织了一个鸟巢放在树上,并请人播放猫头鹰雏鸟叫声的录音,最终成功引回猫头鹰雏鸟的父母来照顾它。1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain”可知,拯救野生生物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。B:在工作中受伤;C:对未来不确定;D:生物会被迫离开栖息地。以上三项在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “She had found a young owl on the ground.”和第三段中的“I examined the chick and it seemed fine.”可知,作者接到一位居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过去看看这只雏鸟的情况。选项C中的“look at(检查)”与文中的“examined”相对应,故答案为C项。3.A　细节理解题。题干中的“calm down”是关键词。文中第四段指出作者把雏鸟放进特意为它做的鸟巢后,它很快安静了下来,由此可知新的鸟巢使雏鸟平静了下来,故答案为A项。其他选项的信息是故事发展到后期出现的,故排除。
4.B　推理判断题。短文的最后三句描写作者看到巢中的小猫头鹰十分健康、活跃,最令人喜悦的是它的父母给它觅来了午餐。由此可以推断小猫头鹰今后也将得到其父母悉心的照料。作者对事件结局的感受通过“the greatest sight”表现出来,与文章第一段中的“beauti-ful”相呼应。因此,答案应为B项。
高考热词    1.heartbreaking adj. 令人心碎的　2.survival n.生存;存活3.construct v.建筑;修建;建造　4.anchor v.使固定;扣牢;系牢5.branch n.树枝　6.scream n.尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
高级语块　1.calm down (使)平静,镇静,安静　2.respond to... 对……作出反应
Passage 4 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because
they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can　　    .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为介绍科普知识的说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家所揭示的植物抵御昆虫袭击和传递信息的奥秘。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的警示,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,情况发生了反转,原先享用午餐(侵害树木)的攻击者将会成为其天敌的午餐,即成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B　推理判断题。根据文章前三段所描述的树木在遭到昆虫袭击后的反应,加之第四段所介绍的树木的损伤情况和周边树木接到警报后的反应,可以概括出植物能够保护自身不受昆虫侵害这一点。故正确答案为B。4.C　推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到生物世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官不够强大,很多东西未被感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界比其表面看上去更加复杂,故C项正确。
高考热词    1.leafy adj.多叶的;叶茂的　2.chemical n.化学制品 & adj.与化学有关的;化学的　3.volatile adj. 易挥发的;易发散的 4.compound n.化合物;复合物　5.apparently adv. 显然6.react v.起化学反应;发生化学变化　7.relatively adv. 相对地 8.intentional adj. 故意的;有意的
高级语块　1.pump out 大量生产(或制造)　2.happen to 碰巧;恰好
长难句　They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. 它们大量排出用来吸引对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。句中过去分词短语designed to attract different insects作后置定语,修饰perfumes,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词insects。
C组  教师专用题组Passage 1(2013重庆,A)The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and I'd been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt:“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place.Can't you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth.I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbear-able.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.“If you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasn't he as busy as the others?In the dentist's office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-
cold one.When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,“Don't worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently.“Come on,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.“The artwork?”I was puzzled.The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!1.Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?A.Cheerful.　　B.Nervous.C.Satisfied.　　D.Upset.2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?A.The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
B.The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.C.The surroundings of the dentist's office.D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.3.Why did the author suddenly smile?A.Because the dentist came at last.B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.C.Because she could relax in the chair.D.Because the assistant kept comforting her.4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?A.Strike while the iron is hot.B.Have a good word for one's friend.C.Put oneself in others' shoes.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为个人情感与人际关系。文章通过讲述“我”看牙医的一次经历,揭示了在解决问题时要学会换位思考的道理。1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中早上“我”不但和朋友发生了争吵而且牙疼痛难忍这些描述可推断当时“我”很烦躁,故选D项。cheerful快活的,兴高采烈的,高兴的;nervous紧张的;satisfied满意的;upset烦乱的,不高兴的。2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?”可知“我”对牙医这么快就能给我治牙感到很疑惑,故选A项。3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.”可知答案为B项。4.C　推理判断题。由牙医站在患者的角度在天花板粘贴图画这一事件“我”开始明白了朋友所说的“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place.Can't you see things from my point of view?”这一句话的内涵:换位思考,故选C项。A:趁热打铁;D:患难见真情。
Passage 2(2013安徽,D)“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more‘time poor'than ever before,”says Patsy Rowe,“Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).”Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them,dealing with an actual hu-man is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans don't work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends,you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news,so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse,some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名)rude messages by e-mail.
However,rudeness is never acceptable.Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you.If you have something awful to say,have the courage to face the person and say it,write a letter or email and sign it,or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned mes-sages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us,but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.1.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?A.People can tell good from bad behavior.B.Radar is able to observe human behavior.C.People care little about their behavior.D.Radar can be used to predict human behavior.
2.Some people are less willing to deal with humans because　　    .A.they are becoming less patientB.they are growing too independentC.they have to handle many important messagesD.they have to follow an evolutionary step backward3.The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is　　    .A.ridiculous　　B.disgusting　　C.acceptable　　D.reasonable4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.We should applaud good behavior.B.Technology can never be blamed.C.We should keep pointing out mistakes.D.Technology will take over our lives one day.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材为社会生活类。由于技术的发展,人们的生活节奏也随之加快,这使人们表现出粗鲁等不礼貌的行为。但是我们不能因为我们的缺点而去责备技术,而应该去承认我们的缺点并加以改正。1.C　推理判断题。该画线句子直接翻译为“礼貌已经落后于雷达了”,可以推断出人们几乎忽视了行为举止。C项与此相符。2.A　事实细节题。第二段前三句话告诉我们:有些人凡事都喜欢在速度比较快的网络上做,而在和现实中的人打交道时显得有些不耐烦。故选A项。3.B　推理判断题。ridiculous:荒谬的,可笑的;disgusting:令人厌恶的;acceptable:可接受的;rea-sonable:合理的。根据第三段最后一句“用未署名的短信来打扰别人是残酷的,也是令人厌恶的”,故选B项。4.A　推理判断题。最后一段最后一句话是说“人们花大量时间指出不礼貌的行为,但是当我们看到有礼貌的行为举止时,能够当众认可的话,那将会更加有帮助。”此意与A项(我们应该为好的行为举止鼓掌)一致。
Passage 3(2013四川,D)Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧).It's fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.You'll realize what's changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain,love,and some other experiences:We parted here;My parents met here;I won three champi-onships here.If I close my eyes,I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.It's empty,but it's where my earliest memories are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays,and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in the house,my parents' room.It is simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement
that cannot wait until the morning.I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart,on a physical property (住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived,I grew,and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.I know it's where I'll find my family,my dogs,and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom.But I don't mind,because I want to hear her say my name,which reminds me I'm home.1.Why does the author call her parents' bed her“safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?A.It is her favorite place to play.B.Her needs can be satisfied there.C.Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.D.Her parents always play together with her there.
2.What can be learned from the passage?A.The old furniture is still in the author's first bedroom.B.The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.C.The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.D.Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.3.Sometimes when she feels lost,the author will　　    .A.open the window at nightB.lie down in bed to have a dreamC.try to bring back a sense of homeD.go to Los Angeles to visit her mom4.What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A.To express how much she is attached to her home.B.To declare how much she loves her first house.C.To describe the state of her family.D.To look back on her childhood.
答案    [语篇解读]　文章讲述了作者对家的感受,尤其是对自己第一个家的感怀。1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知作者在父母的床上能做很多事情,故选B项“她的需要能在父母的床上得到满足”。2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中It's empty可知A项错误;根据第三段中I can see my favorite room in the house,my parents' room可知C项错误。D项文章没提。根据倒数第二段第一句I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.可推断出选B。3.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.可以推断出作者迷茫的时候总是努力找回家的感觉,故选C。4.A　推理判断题。全文处处体现出作者对家的依恋。
Passage 4(2013山东,A)Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart,but always feared applying for a new job.One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was some-thing wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,“Well, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.
Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked,“Do you really need to be interviewed?”Jimmy's heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?”he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise,it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. 1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A.He was out of work.B.He was bored with his job.C.He wanted a higher position. D.He hoped to find a better boss.
2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A.A friend's car had a flat tyre. B.A wild man was pushing a car.C.A terrible car accident happened. D.An old man's car broke down.3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?A.He was also to be interviewed. B.He needed a travelling companion.C.He always helped people in need . D.He was thankful to Jimmy.4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question?A.He was sorry for the other applicants.B.There was no hope for him to get the job.C.He regretted helping the old man.D.The interviewer was very rude.5.What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?A.Where there's a will,there's a way. B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Good is rewarded with good. D.Two heads are better than one.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材是个人情感与人际关系。Jimmy在去参加工作面试途中发现一位老人的车子抛锚了,于是就帮助老人修好了车,却弄脏了自己。他能顺利通过面试吗?善良的行为会得到什么回报呢?1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的but he lost his job a few months ago可知答案为A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Ob-viously there was something wrong with the car.可知答案为D项。3.D　推理判断题。老人得知Jimmy要去参加工作面试,因为帮助自己要迟到了。于是老人坚持开车把他送到面试地点。由此推断出老人这么做是出自对Jimmy的感激之情,故选D项。4.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair可知现在Jimmy身上弄上了油污。再根据Jimmy听到面试官的问题后心里所想“我现在的样子怎么可能通过面试呢?”推断出Jimmy认为自己这次面试没有一点希望了,故选B项。5.C　主旨要义题。本文的主人公Jimmy因为自己的善良顺利通过了面试,由此可知:善有善报。A:有志者事竟成;B:患难见真情;C:善有善报;D:三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。故选C项。
Passage 5(2013福建,D) Pride and Prejudice for the Modern WomanLet us imagine how Pride and Prejudice,Jane Austen's most famous work,might be updated,200 years on.Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence.But today she would certainly have had a very dif-ferent life,as would her characters.Here's my own suggestion...It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men,however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.“My dear husband,”said his hopeful wife one day,“have you heard that the local store,standing empty for so long,is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?”Her dull and indifferent(漠不关心的)husband replied that he had not.“But it is,it is,”she replied excitedly.Mr Dull-Husband made no reply.“Don't you want to know her plans?”she cried with some impatience.
“Well,clearly you think it matters to your silly little head...so I'd better listen.”“Well,my dear,the rumour(传言)is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England,though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me.She will move in herself next month.”“What is her name?”“Bingley.”“Is she married or single?”“What a question!And none of your business.But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.”“How so?How can it possibly affect them?”“My dear love:those lazy boys need something to wake them up.There are bound to be jobs go-ing.”“Is that her point in settling here?Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.”“Nonsense,my love,how little you've noticed the world has changed.She's got a first-rate degree
and some sort of business qualification,I'm told.She surely needs one of our boys!Perhaps you might give her a call.”“Me?No.Perhaps you can take an interest.You still have your looks,after all.She may even offer you a job.”“Oh,that's not likely.These new chances belong to the younger generation.But now you mention it,I think I'll go along all the same.”And Mrs Bennet went along.That was 10 years ago.She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company....It would remain the case,of course,that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board,that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues,her bonus of a more “fe-male”dimension and her lifespan(年限)among the city's business leaders shorter than theirs.Still,she'd no doubt have enjoyed Davos—and might even have hobnobbed(攀谈)with influential fig-ures.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Austen was born 200 years ago. B.Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice.C.Austen's success lies in her wisdom. D.Austen's updated work gains popularity.2.The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet　　    .A.had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about BingleyB.felt kind of worried and doubtful about BingleyC.was extremely anxious to meet BingleyD.had a great curiosity about Bingley3.In the eyes of Mrs Bennet,Bingley surely needed one of their boys to　　    .A.get married to　　B.work for her C.help her move in　　D.take over her store4.What does the writer intend to tell us?A.Women with brains can also be as successful as men.B.Women have to pay a high price for success.C.A judgment must be made free from prejudice.D.Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为社会生活类。作者通过《傲慢与偏见》这部著作,引出性别歧视依然存在这一社会话题。1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,《傲慢与偏见》的作者简·奥斯汀的成功源于她的智慧,故答案选C。2.A　推理判断题。该句字面意思为“一个女人怎么能知道关于生意的事,这超出了我的理解。”由此推断,她对Bingley(当地一家商店的年轻女老板)的成就感到既羡慕又惊讶。3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中She surely needs one of our boys!可知,在Bennet夫人的眼中,她认为Bingley肯定需要雇用他们家的一个男孩子来为其工作。4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“当然,这种事依然存在,Bennet夫人是公司领导层中屈指可数的女性之一,她的薪水和奖金比男性同事少,作为城市商业领袖的年限也会比男同事短。”可推断出,作者打算告诉读者,性别歧视在今天依然存在。
Passage 6(2013天津,A) Guide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The read-ing places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.ComputersYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers;you can also use library computers,which contain the most commonly used applications,such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study PlacesIf you want to discuss freely without disturbing others,you can book a study room or sit at a table
on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people.Allrooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book,you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day,nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.1.The library's upper floor is mainly for students to　　    .A.read in a quiet place　　B.have group discussionsC.take comfortable seats　　D.get their computers fixed
2.Library computers on the ground floor　　    .A.help students with their field experimentsB.contain software essential for schoolworkC.are for those who want to access the wi-fiD.are mostly used for filling out application forms3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?A.A group must consist of 8 people.B.Three-hour use per day is the minimum.C.One should first register at the university.D.Applicants must mark the room on the map.4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he　　    .A.can afford the rental fee　　B.attends certain coursesC.has nowhere to put his books　　D.has earned the required credits5.What should NOT be brought into the library?A.Mobile phones.　　B.Orange juice.C.Candy.　　D.Sandwiches.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材属学校生活类。文章介绍了如何使用Stockholm大学的图书馆。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading...可知A项正确。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的you can also use library computers,which contain the most commonly used applications,such as...可知B项正确。3.C　推理判断题。根据文中Group-study Places部分第二段的you need an active University ac-count and a valid University card可推断出学生必须先在大学里注册,故选C项。4.D　细节理解题。根据文章Storage of Study Material部分中When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a locker...可知D项正确。5.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一部分可知选D项。
Passage 7(2013天津,D) When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love,marriage,birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的).My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends,the freedom to live where we please,and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don't think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a net-work of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happi-ness into one more thing we've got to have.We're so self-conscious about our“right”to it that it's making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.Happiness isn't about what happens to us—it's about how we see what happens to us.It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It's not wishing for what we don't have,but enjoying what we do possess.1.As people grow older,they　　    .A.feel it harder to experience happinessB.associate their happiness less with othersC.will take fewer risks in pursuing happinessD.tend to believe responsibility means happiness
2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.She cares little about her own health. B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling.C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life. D.She prefers getting pleasure from housework.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.B.Psychologists' opinion is well proved by Grandma's case.C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings.D.Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life.4.People who equal happiness with wealth and success　　    .A.consider pressure something blocking their way B.stress their right to happiness too muchC.are at a loss to make correct choices D.are more likely to be happy5.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.B.Each man is the master of his own fate.C.Success leads to happiness.D.Happy is he who is content.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。题材为个人情感与人际关系。文章介绍了随着我们年龄的增加和对成功追求压力的加大,我们逐渐忽略了身边快乐的存在。在生活中容易满足的人会更快乐。1.A　细节理解题。由第一段的...,which seems to get rarer the older we get.可知,我们年龄越大,快乐似乎就会越少。故选A项。2.C　推理判断题。第五段主要讲了作者对快乐的理解:我们越享受我们所拥有的,我们就会越快乐。第六段主要讲了作者的一次经历,孩子和丈夫的吵闹声也让作者感受到了快乐。所以从这两段我们可以得知作者很容易从日常生活中感到快乐。故选C项。3.D　推理判断题。本段心理学家认为快乐的来源是有可以享受的休闲时间和令人满意的工作。而作者的奶奶对于心理学家认为的快乐来源都没有,但是有自己的朋友和亲人,这或许是让奶奶满意也是快乐的事情。故选D项(奶奶的快乐来自对生活适度的期盼。)。4.B　推理判断题。第八段告诉我们:在每个领域我们有太多的选择和追求成功的压力,我们已经把快乐变成了另外一个东西,甚至把它等同于财富和成功,但是我们没有注意到其实拥有财富和成功的人不一定更快乐。故选B项。5.D　推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我们的快乐不是去期望我们没有得到的东西,而是要享受我们所拥有的。故选D项。
Passage 8 (2013江西,B) When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure(确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.The way to achieve this may not be simple.It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.The United Nations Organization(UNO)could un-dertake to direct the distribution of aid.Here however rises the problem of costs.Also tied with this is time.Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.A common proverb says,“Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.Even a small country is able to help less developed nations.Sometime what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a wa-ter purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are look-
ing about to solve common problems.It does not cost much to share such simple things.Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site.They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.It will not cost much to include deserv-ing foreigners in these courses.Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is al-so the build-up of friendships to consider.Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies.However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.1.According to the author,how could international aid reach the victims in time?A.By solving the cost problems.B.By solving the transportation problems.C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
2.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?A.Providing food is vital.B.Learning to fish is helpful.C.Teaching skills is essential.D.Looking after others is important.3.The second paragraph is developed mainly　　    .A.by example　　B.by process C.by comparison　　D.by contrast4.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A.A medical team.　　B.An exchange program.C.A water plant.　　D.Financial support.5.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A.It is facing difficulties.B.It is unnecessary during normal times.C.It should be given in the form of materials.D.It has gained support from developed countries.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为社会与热点。本文叙述了联合国组织如何把帮助给真正需要帮助的人,最后得出中心观点。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women”可知选C项。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations...”,可知选C项。Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.意为授人以鱼不如授人以渔。3.A　逻辑结构题。通读第二段可知,本段用了几个例子来阐明如何更有效地在正常时期帮助较不发达的国家,如帮助他们种植净化水质的植物,提供医疗帮助,派遣交换生学习先进知识和经验等,故选A项。4.D　细节理解题。此题用排除法,根据文章第二段第五句中的“medical and health care”排除A项;根据文章第二段倒数第三句中的“Exchange students”排除B项;根据文章第二段倒数第五句中的“a water purification plant”排除C项。5.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句“It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.”和第五、六句“Here however rises the problem of costs.And tied with this is time.”可知,国际救援遇到了困难。B、C项与文章不符,D项文章没有提及。
Passage 9 (2013江西,D) One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere.And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the‘last paradise(天堂)on earth'.However,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to en-joy.In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years,Nepal set out to at-tract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.Its forests,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.Ancient tracks be-came major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.The people as
well rapidly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for hotels,roads and airports;the old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization;he is no longer his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully,the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies.At the same time,tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.In-
creased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these compa-nies.If not,in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been de-stroyed.1.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?A.The Pacific island is a paradise.B.The Pacific island is worth visiting.C.The advertisement is not convincing.D.The advertisement is not impressive.2.The example of Nepal is used to suggest　　    .A.its natural resources are untouchedB.its forests are exploited for farmlandC.it develops well in health and educationD.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
3.What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?A.They are happy to work their own lands.B.They have to please the tourists for a living.C.They have to struggle for their independence.D.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.4.Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A.The number of tourists.B.The improvement of services.C.The promotion of new products.D.The management of tourism.5.The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is　　    .A.optimistic　　B.doubtful　　C.objective　　D.negative
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材是世界和环境类。众所周知旅游业可以给当地经济发展带来无限商机,尤其是一些欠发达国家和地区。但是盲目无序地发展旅游业也会给当地环境带来危害,甚至是致命危害。那我们该怎么平衡旅游业和环保之间的关系呢?1.C　推理判断题。第一段中作者描述:每个月都会看到某个地方在建一座新宾馆,每个月都会看到太平洋中的某个小岛打出广告:这儿是世上最后的一处天堂。由作者的语气我们可以推断出这样的广告已经没有什么说服力了,故选C项。2.D　推理判断题。第三段作者引用了尼泊尔发展旅游业为例,其初衷是为当地的教育和卫生事业提供资金,但是很快这儿的自然环境就受到了旅游业的影响。现在这个国家正经受着旅游业带来的痛苦,故选D项。3.B    推理判断题。根据第四段中的Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited.“过去是他的脊背在承受痛苦,现在是人们开发利用他的微笑”推断出现在他们为了谋生不得不用自己的微笑来取悦游客,故选B项。
长难句　The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the coun-tries we all want to visit.旅游业在未来10年里的运行模式将决定该行业自身的命运,并且也将决定那些我们都想去参观的国家的命运。该句的主语是The way,tourism is handled in the next ten years是定语从句修饰The way。代词that代替的是the fate,we all want to visit也是定语从句,修饰先行词countries。
4.D　推理判断题。倒数第二段第二句说,野生生物的保护,国家公园的创建要和旅游业的发展同时进行,又根据倒数第一段第一句,未来十年,如何管理旅游业将决定旅游业的命运和我们要去参观的国家的命运。由此可推断出D项符合题意。5.C　推理判断题。综观全文可知作者的态度是客观的。A:乐观的;B:怀疑的;C:客观的;D:消极的。故选C项。
Passage 10 (2013湖北,D) The technology is great.Without it we wouldn't have been able to put a man on the moon,explore the ocean's depths or eat microwave sausages.Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.But sometimes this power can create more prob-lems than it solves.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who've come into their surgery wav-ing an Internet print-out,convinced that they have some rare incurable disease,say,throat cancer.The truth is usually far more ordinary,though:they don't have throat cancer,and it's just that their throats are swollen.Being a graduate of the Internet“school”of medicine does not guarantee ac-curate self-health-checks.One day Mrs.Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.While I took her blood sam-ple and tried to find out what was wrong,she said calmly,“I know what's wrong;I've got throat cancer.I know there's nothing you doctors can do about it and I've just got to wait until the day comes.”
As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray.I looked at it and the blood results an hour later.Something wasn't right.“Did your local doctor do an X-ray?”I asked.“Oh,I haven't been to the doctor for years,”she replied.“I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted,so I knew that's what I had.”However,some of her symptoms,like the severe cough and weight loss,didn't fit with it—but she'd just ignored this.I looked at the X-ray again,and more tests confirmed it wasn't the cancer but tuberculosis(肺结核)—something that most certainly did need treating,and could be deadly.She was lucky we caught it when we did.Mrs.Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her.“I'm so embar-rassed,”she said,shaking her head,as I explained that all the people she had come into close con-tact with would have to be found out and tested.She listed up to about 20,and then I went to my of-fice to type up my notes.Unexpectedly,the computer was not working,so I had to wait until some-one from the IT department came to fix it.Typical.Maybe I should have a microwave sausage while I waited?
1.Mrs.Almond talked about her illness calmly because　　    .A.she thought she knew it well B.she had purchased medicine onlineC.she graduated from a medical school D.she had been treated by local doctors2.It was lucky for Mrs.Almond　　    .A.to have contacted many friends B.to have recovered in a short timeC.to have her assumption confirmed D.to have her disease identified in time3.Mrs.Almond said“I'm so embarrassed”(Para.7)because　　    .A.she had distrusted her close friendsB.she had caused unnecessary troubleC.she had to refuse the doctor's adviceD.she had to tell the truth to the doctor4.By mentioning the breakdown of the computer,the author probably wants to prove　　    .A.it's a must to take a break at workB.it's vital to believe in IT professionalsC.it's unwise to simply rely on technologyD.it's a danger to work long hours on computers
答案    [语篇解读]　本文属于夹叙夹议文。题材为科普知识与现代技术。众所周知,没有科技,生活就缺乏色彩,我们有很多事就做不到,但是纯粹依靠科技也是不明智的。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段信息she said calmly,“I know what's wrong;...and I've just got to wait until the day comes.”可推测,Mrs.Almond在谈到自己疾病的时候很平静的原因是她以为她很了解她的病。故选A。2.D　细节理解题。由第六段特别是信息句She was lucky we caught it when we did.可知,幸运的是,Mrs.Almond的疾病得到了及时鉴定确认。3.B　推理判断题。分析文章最后一段,特别是信息句It was certainly a lesson for her....as I ex-plained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.可知,当她知道与她有过亲密接触的人都需要检查时,她很快列出了大约20人,由此推测她感觉到已经造成不必要的麻烦了。故选B。4.C    推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Unexpectedly,the computer was not working,so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it.可推测,作者提及电脑坏了是为了证明纯粹依靠科技并不明智。文章首尾呼应在此表现得淋漓尽致。
Passage 11(2014山东,B)It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say,it was too hot to do anything out-side.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962,and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan.Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in air conditioning.In those days,you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.Then,the theater would show the same two movies again.If you wanted to,you could sit through them twice.Most people did not do that,but the manager at our theater,Mr.Bellow,did not mind if you did.That particular day,my brother and I sat through both movies twice,trying to escape the heat.We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each.Then,we sat and watched The Music Man fol-lowed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.We'd already seen the second movie once before.It had been at the theater since January,because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
We left the theater around 8,just before the evening shows began.But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again,twice more.And we did it the next day too.Finally,on the fourth day,the heat wave broke.Still,to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance!Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962.They're really memories of the screen,not memories of my life.1.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?A.1952.　　B.1962.　　C.1972.　　D.1982.2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The heat.B.The theater.C.The Music Man.D.The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.
3.What do we know about Mr.Bellow?A.He loved children very much.B.He was a fan of John Wayne.C.He sold air conditioners.D.He was a movie star.4.Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?A.The two movies were really wonderful.B.They wanted to avoid the heat outside.C.The manager of the theater was friendly.D.They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The author turned out to be a great singer.B.The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.C.The author's life has been changed by the two movies.D.The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.
答案[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。作者回忆了自己在1962年为了躲过夏季一阵阵的热浪,和弟弟买票进入有空调的电影院反复观看两部电影的故事。1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的:这是1962年,并且在未来的十年内我一直生活在一个没有空调的环境中。由此推断出作者是10年后才生活在了有空调的环境中,即1972年,答案为C项。2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的:我们之前已经看了第二部电影The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance一次了。这部电影自1月份以来就一直在这儿上映。由此推断出It指的是第二部电影,所以答案为D项。3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it可知电影院老板Mr.Bellow是John Wayne的影迷,所以答案为B项。4.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话的trying to escape the heat可知作者和自己的弟弟进电影院反复看这两部电影是为了躲避外面的热浪,所以答案为B项。5.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推断出作者对当年在电影院的经历难以忘却,所以答案为D项。
Passage 12(2014课标Ⅰ,C) A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it's mostly for show.In reality,it's the chair that does the impor-tant work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is un-sure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting informa-tion.The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things,
and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn't have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you're clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To trick the lion.　　B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.　　D.To entertain the audience.2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.
3.What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.　　B.Doubtful.　　C.Respectful.　　D.Supportive.4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you're advised to 　　    .A.wait for a better chance　　B.break your old habitsC.make a quick decision　　D.ask for clear guidance
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是议论文,题材为社会文化类。每个人都会有自己的目标,在实现目标的过程中我们会不断地面对各种选择。在这些选择面前每个人的表现不尽相同,怎么做才是最佳选择呢?1.A    推理判断题。根据第一段的描述:当驯兽师拿着一把椅子放在狮子眼前的时候,狮子的注意力就会被分散在椅子的四条腿上,不知道接下来去做什么,也忘记了去攻击驯兽师。由此推断出驯兽师使用椅子是为了欺骗狮子做出错误的选择,故答案为A项。B项:为了炫耀自己的技术;C项:做好打架的准备;D项:为了娱乐观众。这三项与原文不符。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的...the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.和第二段中的only to end up confused by all of the options可知人类和狮子的相同点就是在面对选择的时候都会感到迷惑不解,不知道该如何去选择,所以答案为A项。B项:他们抓住错误的事情不放;C项:他们觉得做出改变是很困难的;D项:他们必须做点事来给别人看。这三项与原文的描述不符。3.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中第一句话的描述可知:那些想改善自己生活的人们被那些专家提供的矛盾的信息弄得晕头转向,不知道该如何去选择。由此推断出作者对这些专家持怀疑的态度,所以答案为B项。tolerant容忍的,宽恕的;doubtful怀疑的;respectful表示敬意的;sup-portive支持的。4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的You just need to get started.和take immediate action可以推断出在面对这一情况时你要立即做出决定,所以答案为C项。A项:等待更好的机会;B项:打破你的旧习惯;D项:请求得到明确的指导。这三项与最后一段的建议不符。
Passage 13(2014辽宁,A) A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment,students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk,they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However,the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers' report said,“While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory,students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time,the students who wrote notes by hand performed signifi-cantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can　　    .A.write more notesB.digest concepts betterC.get higher scoresD.understand lectures better
2.While taking notes,laptop users tend to be　　    .A.skillful　　B.mindless　　C.thoughtful　　D.tireless3.The author of the passage aims to　　    .A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking notes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.promote the use of laptops4.The passage is likely to appear in　　    .A.a newspaper advertisementB.a computer textbookC.a science magazineD.a finance report
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。主要介绍了一项研究成果:听课时用笔做笔记的学生比用笔记本电脑做笔记的学生的学习效果更好。1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“越来越多的学生喜欢使用笔记本电脑来做笔记,因为使用笔记本电脑做笔记速度更快,笔记更清晰”,可知答案为A项。2.B　细节理解题。根据第六段可知答案为B项。3.B　推理判断题。根据本文第一段和最后一段可知:本文作者的写作目的就是在强调用笔做笔记的益处。4.C　推理判断题。本文属于科普类文章,由此可推断出文章应出自科学杂志。故答案为C项。
长难句　Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop in-creased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the pro-fessors said.研究人员做了一些实验,其目的是弄清楚使用笔记本电脑逐字记下教授所说的话是否会增加“毫不动脑地”做笔记的倾向。本句的主干为Researchers performed experiments,that后面为定语从句。在该定语从句中whether后的部分为find out的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中using a laptop为主语,increased为谓语,the tendency为宾语,to make notes “mindlessly”为定语,修饰名词tendency。
Passage 14(2014四川,E) Women are friendly.But men are more competitive.Why?Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior.They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying to improve their social status,”said Professor Ryan.Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situa-tions and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships,but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.
Half of the participants(参与者)received oxytocin.The other half received placebo(安慰剂).After a week,the two groups switched with participants.They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment,they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions.Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that,after treatment with oxytocin,men's ability to correctly recognize com-petitive relationships improved,but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded:“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peo-ple's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences be-tween men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”1.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A.Placebo.　　B.Oxytocin.C.The gesture.　　D.The social status.
2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.3.Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.C.To know people's different abilities to answer questions.D.To test people's understanding of body language.4.The author develops the text by　　    .A.explaining people's behaviorsB.describing his own experiencesC.distinguishing sexual differencesD.discussing research experiments
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章通过Ryan教授的实验得知:荷尔蒙催生素可以使人们更好地辨别不同社交互动的能力,男女行为的不同主要是由荷尔蒙生理因素引起的。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知:虽然荷尔蒙催生素被认为是爱情荷尔蒙,但是它对男女有不同的影响。所以答案是B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知:在先前的实验里Ryan教授发现,在消极的社交互动中,比如妒忌,荷尔蒙也可以在我们身体里被释放。所以答案为C项(当我们对别人的成功感到不高兴时,我们的身体会释放荷尔蒙催生素)。3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知:进一步的研究表明,荷尔蒙催生素可以提高男性认识竞争关系的能力,但是它可以提升女性认识友谊的能力。通过这个研究结果可以推断出来Ryan教授做这个实验的目的是检测荷尔蒙催生素对人们在认识社交互动能力方面的影响,故选A项。4.D　推理判断题。第一段中提到Researchers have found...,第四段提到先前实验的发现,剩下文章详细介绍了最近实验的具体过程和结果,所以可以推断出作者是通过讨论研究实验来写这篇文章的,故选D项。
Passage 15(2014重庆,B) There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exer-cise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:I'll never lose weight—I come from a fat familyWrong!While we can't change the body type we are born with,we can't blame our genes for mak-ing us fat.There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.I am fat because I burn calories slowlyWrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boringWrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain,no gainWrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something's wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you be-gin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't,rest and seek medical advice.1.What does the author think about being fat?A.It is the family genes that make people fat.B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D.It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.
2.According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.3.What is the author's opinion about “No pain,no gain” in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文介绍了一些人对肥胖与锻炼的错误认识。1.D　推理判断题。由第一行黑体字下面的内容:habits of eating too much and exercising too little可知答案选D。2.A    细节理解题。根据第三行黑体字下面的描述:varied program that's fun as well as pro-gressive以及接下来给我们提出的让自己的体育活动丰富多彩的建议,可知作者认为为了让体育活动不那么枯燥,我们就要让它多样化,所以答案为A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话:If they don't,rest and seek medical advice.可以推断出如果我们进行的体育锻炼活动给我们的身体带来持久的疼痛的话,我们就应该停下来休息一下并去看医生,所以答案为B项。4.B　主旨要义题。文章第一段给出了本文的主题:对于肥胖和体育锻炼存在着一些错误认识,以及Here are some more myths可知本文提出了几个误区并加以澄清,所以答案为B项。
Passage 16(2014重庆,E) It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem,by ob-serving our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover,we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistak-enly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in compliance(符合)with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice:“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to　　    .A.determine one's behavior　　B.reflect one's tasteC.influence one's surroundings　　D.result from one's habits2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A.The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A.Personalities and attitudes.　　B.Preferences and habits.C.Behavior and personalities.　　D.Attitudes and preferences.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。作者对人的行为和性格之间的关系进行了探讨。最后用Kurt Vonnegut的一句话进行了总结:我们将自己伪装成什么,我们就是什么。所以,当我们伪装时,一定要谨慎呀!1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,通常认为人们的行为方式取决于他们的性格和态度。那反过来说就是:一个人的性格和态度决定了他的行为方式。故选A。2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的,毋庸置疑,人的行为来自于我们的内在性情,但是在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人的结论。四个选项中只有A项表示的是一种行为暗示出人的性格,而其他三个选项均不符合。3.B　推理判断题。画线的这一句是对上一句话的举例说明,画线处前面一句话是说:我们的行为经常受到我们周围小的压力的影响,这一点我们认识不到。B项与画线句意义一致,故选B。4.C    主旨要义题。从第一段第一句阐述大家通常认为行为和性格的关系,到第二段Daryl Bem提出通过一个人的行为也能看出他的性格,第三段提到我们的行为也受到周围压力的影响,第四段通过Kurt Vonnegut的一句话强调了两者之间的关系,所以本篇文章主要讲的是行为和性格,故选C。
Passage 17(2014湖北,D)You've flown halfway around the world;you've sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out,it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It's what this place offers,and it's free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.
It's early afternoon,so the cook comes out and asks what you'd like to eat this evening.Before long he's rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—ev-ery meal fresh and to order.No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue sea.There's no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings(福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾).You don't have to worry about being late for work.You don't have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线),slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;it's unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry.Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than ten minutes,but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.
1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,　　    .A.he had difficulty in finding itB.he became sensitive to smellC.he failed to sort himself outD.he found it unworthwhile2.What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?A.Quick delivery.　　B.Self service.C.Free food.　　D.No menu.3.In the author's opinion,a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he　　    .A.draws pictures in the sand　　B.plans a detailed scheduleC.forgets his daily routine　　D.sits in a beach chair4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?A.He should have come to the place earlier.B.He shouldn't have spent so much time on the trip.C.He should have understood the wonder of nature.D.He shouldn't have counted his blessings.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材为观光旅游类。文章介绍了作者在Huaplee Beach旅游时的所见、所闻、所感。1.A　推理判断题。根据前三段的内容可知,作者费了好大的劲才找到Huaplee Beach。故选A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,厨师询问游客想吃什么,然后匆忙去市场购买游客点的任何食材。这里没有菜单。故选D项。3.C　推理判断题。根据第六、第七和第八段的描述可知,忘记日常工作,全身心投入到Huaplee Beach的怀抱,才能充分享受它给人带来的乐趣。故选C项。4.A　推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者非常享受Huaplee Beach之旅给他带来的快乐。故选A项。
Passage 18(2014天津,B) 词数:352A world-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the world's first long-distance signing device(装置),the LongPen.After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Here's how it works:The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板)using a special pen.On the receiving end,in another city,a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机)and computer screens.Work on the LongPen began in Atwood's basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finally completed,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here,Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author
in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and al-low people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and re-ceiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.“It's really fun,”said the owner of a bookstore,who was present for one of the test runs.“Obvi-ously you can't shake hands with the author,but there are chances for a connection that you don't get from a regular book signing.”The response to the invention hasn't been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from au-thors who think she's trying to end book tours.But she said,“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't afford it.”1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?A.To set up her own company.B.To win herself greater popularity.C.To write her books in a new way.D.To make book signings less tiring.
2.How does the LongPen work?A.It copies the author's signature and prints it on a book.B.It signs a book while receiving the author's signature.C.The webcam sends the author's signature to another city.D.The fan uses it to copy the author's signature himself.3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?A.It has been completed but not put into use.B.The basement caught fire by accident.C.Some versions failed before its test run.D.The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty.4.How could the LongPen be used in the future?A.To draft legal documents. B.To improve credit card security.C.To keep a record of the author's ideas. D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.Atwood doesn't mean to end book tours. B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use.C.Bookstore owners don't support the LongPen. D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿大作者玛格丽特·阿特伍德设计的远距离签字设备——LongPen。1.D　推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知,经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫的巡回签名售书活动后,阿特伍德认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推测,阿特伍德决定发明LongPen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍微轻松一点。故选择D项。2.B　推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句可知LongPen的工作原理:作者用一支专用笔在电脑的手写板上写上个人信息和签名,另一个城市的接收方用配备了常规笔的机器手臂在书上签名。故选择B项。3.C　推理判断题。由第三段第三句The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.可知,LongPen在获得成功之前经历过数次失败。故选择C项。
长难句　It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't afford it.将来你们可能去原来由于出版商缺少资金而从未派你们去的地方。get sent to被派送去,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词places;because引导原因状语从句。
4.B　细节理解题。由第四段中It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and...可知,LongPen还有很多潜在的功能,比如说提高信用卡的安全性。故选择B项。5.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句阿特伍德所说的内容可推断出,她并没有打算结束她的巡回签名售书活动。故选择A项。
Passage 19(2014天津,C) 词数:410“Dad,”I say one day,“let's take a trip.Why don't you fly out and meet me?”My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM.His job filled his day,his thoughts,his life.While he woke up and took a warm shower,I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru.While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch,I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father sees me drifting aimlessly,nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps.He wants me to settle down,but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks.We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“What's our first stop?”asks my father.“What time is it?”“Still don't have a watch?”Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore.As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩),his mouth and eyes open slowly,like those of a little boy.“Unbelievable,”he says.“How was this done?”
A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself,Would I ever devote my life to anything?No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my father's voice.Now I hear them in my own.The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park,where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel with your dad?”I ask.“Only once,”he says.“I never spoke much with my father.We loved each other—but never said it.Whatever he could give me,he gave.”That last sentence—it's probably the same thing I'd say about my father.And what I'd want my child to say about me.In Glacier National Park,my father says,“I've never seen water so blue.”I have,in several places of the world.I can keep traveling,I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared.Weeks after our trip,I call my father.
“The photos from the trip are wonderful,”he says.“We've got to take another trip like that sometime.”I tell him I've decided to settle down,and I'm wearing a watch.1.We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father　　    .A.followed the fashionB.got bored with his jobC.was unhappy with the author's lifestyleD.liked the author's collection of stamps2.What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?A.His father is interested in sculpture.B.His father is as innocent as a little boy.C.He should learn sculpture in the future.D.He should pursue a specific aim in life.
3.From the underlined paragraph,we can see that the author　　    .A.wants his children to learn from their grandfatherB.comes to understand what parental love meansC.learns how to communicate with his fatherD.hopes to give whatever he can to his father4.What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?A.The call solves their disagreements.B.The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.C.They decide to learn photography together.D.They begin to change their attitudes to life.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Love Nature,Love Life　　B.A Son Lost in AdventureC.A Journey with Dad　　D.The Art of Travel
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁是夹叙夹议,题材为生活哲理。本文讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人对生活的态度。作者从中感悟到了父爱的真谛和做父亲的伟大。1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,父亲打他的领带,戴他的名表,而我我行我素,无所事事,百无聊赖地在Ozarks湖上划着小船;第三段最后一句表明:父亲想让我定居下来,而我想让他去冒险。由此可以判断,父亲对我的生活方式不满。故选择C项。2.D　推理判断题。从No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my father's voice.Now I hear them in my own.可以推测出,作者感叹自己应该有个明确的人生目标去努力追求。故选择D项。3.B　推理判断题。画线句子的意思是“那最后一句很可能是我对我的父亲的评价,也是我希望我的孩子评价我的话”。而That last sentence指的是上文中的Whatever he could give me,he gave.由此可推断出画线的句子让作者意识到了父爱的含义。故选择B项。4.D　推理判断题。从最后几段中We've got to take another trip like that sometime.I tell him I've decided to settle down,and I'm wearing a watch.可以推测出,父子二人对生活的态度都不约而同地发生着改变。故选择D项。5.C　主旨要义题。文章开门见山,直接点题。讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人对生活的态度。故选择C项。
Passage 20 (2015安徽,B)When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she easily broke it in-to two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn't have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny's mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards,Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Viet-namese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However,He-lene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of Ans work-ing together.Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year.Although they be-gan with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big suc-cess.1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show　　    .A.the strength of family unityB.the difficulty of growing upC.the advantage of chopsticksD.the best way of giving a lesson
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family　　    .A.started a business in 1975B.left Vietnam without much moneyC.bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3.What can we infer about the An daughters?A.They did not finish their college education.B.They could not bear to work in the family business.C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How to Run a CorporationB.Strength Comes from PeaceC.How to Achieve a Big DreamD.Family Unity Builds Success
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为日常生活类。用一家人的故事证明了“团结就是力量”。Helene An 带领她的五个女儿把一家小餐馆经营成了一个每年盈利两千多万美元的大型企业。1.A　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话“This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.”可知答案。2.B　细节理解题。由第二段第二句“However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn't have much money.”可知答案。3.C　推理判断题。由第三段最后女儿Elizabeth 所讲的话可以看出妈妈对她们的影响很大。4.D　主旨要义题。由文章首段故事的引入以及文章最后两句话的呼应可以看出,文章的最佳标题是“家庭团结创造成功”。
Passage 21 (2016课标Ⅱ,D) 词数:293A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southern-most shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The En-durance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, complet-ed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in
his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to with-in 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been pub-lished.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley. B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott. D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.　　B.Scientific research.C.Money making.　　D.Treasure hunting.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Frank Hurley的照片讲述了那次航行的背景。1.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知,Frank Hurley的照片拍摄于1914年到1916年,大多数是在经历海难后,在没有生存的希望的情况下拍摄的,由此可判断它们记录了一次海难。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.以及下句可知,1912年Robert Falcon Scott到达了南极,而Endurance航行的目的是超越他,但是遭遇了海难,由此可判断Robert Falcon Scott到达南极的时间更早。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句中的a thoroughly commercial effort可知,Alexander认为那时的冒险完全是一种商业行为,也就是为了赚钱,因此可判断选C项。
长难句　Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Shackleton是一位前英国商船队军官,在1908年到达过南极100英里内,并且他在1914年航行前开办了一个公司来从电影和剧照摄影中赚钱。本句中的a onetime British merchant-navy officer为同位语,同时也作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词。
Passage 22 (2017天津,B)词数:359Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from do-ing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the pho-to anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it,
now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each other's spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for some-thing that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, sep-arated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working. B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave. D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably 　　    .A.enjoying herself　　B.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunset　　D.thinking about her past
3.In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman's existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand 　　    .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon 　　    .A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在我的一次旅途中我发现了一个非常值得拍摄的美景,就在我即将拍摄之际镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女人身影。万般无奈苦苦等待后这张照片中还是留下了她的身影,却有了意想不到的效果。1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “...a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知,就在我即将拍摄之际,一位妇女挡住了我的视线。所以答案为B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话 “Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.”可知,和我一样,她也是在这儿停下来喘口气,欣赏美景。所以答案为A项。3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知答案为C项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “...that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知答案为D项。A项:接近大自然的需求;B项:私人空间的重要性;C项:在意大利度假的快乐。这三项与作者提及挂在自己卧室的这张照片没有关联。5.A　推理判断题。作者在意大利游玩时,拍摄了一张有趣的照片,这张挂在卧室里的照片让作者有了一些启发。由此推断出作者的启发来自生活中的一次特别的经历,所以答案为A项。
长难句　Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated.尽管我很有耐心,但是在我的照相机扫描太阳并反复聚焦于我最终要拍摄的风景大约15分钟后,我开始泄气了。Patient as I was=Although I was patient,是让步状语从句;after about 15 minutes为介词短语作时间状语;I would eventually take是定语从句,修饰先行词the shot。
Passage 23 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the the-ater's 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.
答案    [语篇解读]　一家经营了75年的影院宣布关张,最后放映的《最后一场电影》让观众热泪盈眶。文中介绍了影院关张的原因以及影院场地的改造计划。1.B    推理判断题。第一段结尾处说,一组工人运垃圾,另外一组工人开始拆卸座椅和其他设备,为影院的结束做准备。这预示着这个已有75年历史的影院永远关张,故B项正确。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知D项正确。3.C　推理判断题。短文第四段后半部分说影院老板已经把影院连同土地出售给了当地的一家开发公司,而开发公司计划在影院所在地建设一个综合购物大楼。考生依据这些信息可以推断出影院建筑肯定要被拆除,故正确选项为C。B项有一些干扰作用。4.B    推理判断题。根据文章第二段所描述的拥有250个座位的影院几乎座无虚席,观众眼含泪水观看一部三十年前的老电影和影院做最后的告别的场景,可以推断出B项正确。
长难句　Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司,这家公司计划在这家影院所处的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。逗号后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词firm,在这个定语从句中还有一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词land。
A组  2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳第一学期期末, B)词数:310A unique experience awaits you at the Centre for Alternative Technology on the edge of the beauti-ful Snowdonia National Park.　　Over thirty years ago a group of people decided to try out alternative technologies. They chose a remote empty place, where rock used to be dug from the ground, as their base. Here exper-iments offering solutions to the world's energy problems were carried out, and nowadays many of these ideas have become common practice. You can experience all these for yourself in just one day with us, and then take away what you have learned and put it into practice at home. Be assured it will help you save on your household energy costs!　　Your visit to us begins with a ride up a steep 60-metre hillside on a railway which is worked by using the weight of water. At the top of the mountain you will enjoy beautiful views to the dis-
tant coastline. Then interactive displays show the power of wind, water and sun, while showing you what can be done in an ordinary household to reduce your influence on the planet.There was no soil when the project was started, so we created our organic gardens using our own home-made soil. You can enjoy woodland walks or even notice spring flowers growing on the roofs of environmentally-friendly buildings.In 2006 we opened our new eco-adventure playground for children, and we also run workshops where they can make models and become inventors of the future by putting wind, water or solar power into their own designs.The Centre for Alternative Technology is open all year round and has good rail, road and cycle links. In fact we offer a 50% reduction on the admission price if you ar-rive by bicycle. There is wheelchair access for disabled visitors—telephone us in advance if you would like assistance.
1.What's the main purpose of setting up the Centre for Alternative Technology?A.To provide people with relevant experiences.B.To teach people how to reduce energy costs.C.To show the hard condition for early experiments.D.To encourage people to develop alternative technologies.2.According to the passage, visitors can　　    .A.learn to create their own organic gardensB.appreciate the views of distant mountainsC.visit exhibitions of alternative technologiesD.enjoy woodland walks on the top of buildings3.Where is the passage most probably from?A.A literary essay.　　B.A research report.C.A historical novel.　　D.A science website.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了国家公园中的可再生科技中心,包括其起源、目的、可体验的项目及优惠打折等信息。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段A unique experience awaits you at the Centre for Alterna-tive Technology on the edge of the beautiful Snowdonia National Park.可知,读者可以在斯诺登国家公园的可再生科技中心进行独特的体验。因此本题选A。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句Then interactive displays show the power of wind, water and sun, while showing you what can be done in an ordinary household to reduce your in-fluence on the planet.可知,在这个中心里人们可以看到有关风能、水能和太阳能的展示,故选C。3.D　推理判断题。本文讲了可再生科技,和科技相关,可推知可能出现在科技网站上。A项是文学作品,B项是研究报告,C项是历史类小说,D项是科学网站,故选D。
高级语块　1.try out试用;试验　2.put...into practice实施,付诸实践　3.in advance提前
长难句　In 2006 we opened our new eco-adventure playground for children, and we also run workshops where they can make models and become inventors of the future by putting wind, water or solar power into their own designs.2006年我们为孩子们开设了新的生态探险游乐场,我们也提供一些工场,孩子们可以在这里制作模型,可以将风能、水能或太阳能应用到自己的设计里,成为将来的发明家。本句由第一个and连接两个并列分句。第二个分句中where引导定语从句,修饰先行词work-shops。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城第一学期期末, B)词数:359Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.Anurudh Ganesan, 17, knows this firsthand. When he was a baby in India, his grandparents carried him 10 miles to a health clinic in a remote village to receive a vaccine. But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.Vaccines, Anurudh later learned, must be kept cool to stay effective. But refrigerating them re-quires electricity or ice—precious resources that many developing countries lack.Although Anurudh eventually received the vaccine he needed, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren't as lucky motivated him to take action. The high school
student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable vaccine-carrying device that generates its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they're delivered to remote areas around the world.Anurudh first got his idea for Vaxxwagon in 2014.He read several textbooks to learn everything he could about refrigeration, then he did research online to learn more about vaccines. Rather than re-lying on electricity or ice, Anurudh figured out a way to use wheels to power a refrigeration system for about eight hours. The entire rechargeable cooling system can be pulled to areas in need of vaccines by a bicycle, a car, or an animal. Eventually, Anurudh took his design to professors at Johns Hopkins University for advice. Not only did they confirm Vaxxwagon could work, but they offered him funding to help build it.Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.
Anurudh, who plans to pursue engineering degree in college, says, “Don't give up on your ideas. But always try to help others with your projects. That's the point of engineering—to help peo-ple.”1.Why do many children die every year?A.They lack qualified medical teams.B.They cannot afford usable medicines.C.They don't have an electricity system.D.They have no access to effective vaccines.2.What is special about Vaxxwagon?A.It can serve as a fridge.B.It can produce safe vaccines.C.It can detect deadly diseases.D.It can be a means of transport.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Anurudh?A.Caring and creative.B.Modest and sympathetic.C.Loyal and determined.D.Honest and hard-working.4.What can we learn from the story?A.Practice makes perfect.B.One good turn deserves another.C.Motivation is the mother of success.D.All things are difficult before they are easy.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。Anurudh童年接种疫苗不易的经历以及其他孩子接种不到有效疫苗可能会导致死亡的现实状况给了他创新的动力,他发明了Vaxxwagon帮助冷冻储存疫苗,并想要帮助更多的人。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines. This is partly because transporting and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.可知,全世界每年150万的孩子因为没有接种疫苗而死亡,因为运输和储存疫苗对很多国家来说是个很大的挑战。所以孩子们因为接种不到有效的疫苗而死亡,故选D。2.A　细节理解题。由文章第四段第二句The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable vaccine-carrying device that generates its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they're delivered to remote areas around the world.可知,Vaxxwagon能让救命的药物在运往各地的路途中保持冷却,故选A。
3.A　推理判断题。根据文章第六段Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.以及第七段中Anurudh说的Don't give up on your ideas. But always try to help others with your projects. That's the point of engineering—to help people.可推知,他是个有同情心、有创造力的人,故选A。4.C　主旨要义题。根据文章第四段第一句Although Anurudh eventually received the vaccine he needed, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren't as lucky motivated him to take action.可知,他的经历和其他孩子接种不到疫苗的可悲的现实成了他采取行动的动机,故选C。
高级语块　1.take action采取行动　2.figure out 想出
长难句　Although Anurudh eventually received the vaccine he needed, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren't as lucky motivated him to take action. 尽管Anurudh最后接种到了他需要的疫苗,他儿时的这段经历和许多其他孩子接种不到疫苗而导致死亡的悲惨事实成了他采取行动的动机。本句中although引导让步状语从句,主句中that引导同位语从句,解释说明the sad reality。
Passage 3 (2019北京朝阳第一学期期末, A)词数:402A Writing FoolIn the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which made it difficult for me to read and spell. I did really badly in my history course, so my mother said to me, “I'll work with you for a full week. I'm going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort.” So we did. We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every day. Then I went to school and failed the test, as always. It was really upsetting.By the time I got to college I came to know that I couldn't spell no matter how hard I tried. So I would sign up for extra courses. I'd be in registration lines all day. Then I would go around the first day of class and ask each professor: “What's your policy on misspelling?” If he said, “Three misspellings is a fail.” I'd drop it.
Although I was an academic failure, I had a great time. I had many friends and I was always popu-lar. I was a good football player, which was important in those years because I could read my name in the newspaper. I never had a day when I would think, “People don't like me.”In spite of my obvious weaknesses, I became successful in my career so that people say to me, “So you've overcome dyslexia.” No. I don't overcome it. I just learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are hard for me. Most people read 500 words a minute. I only read 200. I try not to dial a phone because I sometimes have to dial three times to get the number right. I owe my suc-cessful career to my writing instructor, Ralph Salisbury. He looked past my misspellings and gave me encouragement. So I always feel confident. When I write my books, I'm seeing everything in my imagination. I write quickly and go like the wind.The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can't spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.
1.When the author did badly in the course, his mother thought that　　    .A.he needed a better teacher B.he did not work hard enoughC.he was probably too ill to study D.he was not as smart as other children2.In college, the author was in registration lines all day to　　    .A.choose most interesting coursesB.become friends with new classmatesC.stay distance from language teachersD.avoid courses that require correct spelling3.Which of the following best describes the author in college?A.Happy and active. B.Shy and unhappy.C.Successful and funny. D.Quiet and unsuccessful.4.According to the author, it is important for dyslexic people　　    .A.not to get out of school B.not to give up easilyC.to learn to spell correctly D.to develop reading skills
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了有朗诵困难的作者不轻言放弃,而是扬长避短最终取得成功的经历。在他看来,对朗诵困难者来说最重要的是不要轻易放弃。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段引号中妈妈说的话I'll work with you for a full week. I'm going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort.以及倒数第三句We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every day.可知,作者的妈妈认为他付出的努力不够,带着他一起学习历史,故选B。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的So I would sign up for extra courses. I'b be in registration lines all day. Then I would go around the first day of class and ask each professor: “What's your policy on misspelling?” If he said, “Three misspellings is a fail.” I'd drop it.可知,作者先选尽可能多的课,然后再挑选那些对于拼写要求不那么高的课以便自己能够通过考试。因此本题选D。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者在大学期间除了学习以外,其他方面都很不错,他广交朋友,很受欢迎,足球方面也取得了突出的成绩,所以作者大学时期过着开心且积极向上的日子,故选A项。
4.B　细节理解题。根据文章结尾段The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can't spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.可知,作者认为对于有朗诵困难的人最重要的是不要轻易放弃,因此本题选B。
高级语块　1.sign up for 报名(参加课程)　2.in spite of不管,尽管　3.compensate for弥补,补偿4.owe...to... 把……归功于……
长难句　The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can't spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.我对朗诵困难者的担心并不是他们必须在阅读技能方面一直努力,或者他们不能正确拼写,而是他们在毕业之前放弃自己。句中第一个that引导定语从句,修饰fear,后面三个that都引导表语从句,具体说明我的担心是什么。
Passage 4 (2019北京西城二模,A)词数:340If you've always wanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don't have the yard space or the “green thumb” to pull it off, there's now another option. The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.Strawberries, green beans, peppers, green onions, and cherry tomatoes are just a few of the fruits and vegetables the OGarden can grow. Up to 30 potted plants can be placed on a lower shelf, where the seeds are allowed to germinate (发芽). Once they germinate, the plants can then be moved to the turning wheel up above, which holds up to 60 plants at a time. It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce, depending on the type of plant grown.The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is. The only work that's required is planting the seeds and refilling the water tank once a week.
The OGarden Smart is the second product introduced by company co-founders Pierre Nibart and Pierre-Etienne Bourget, of Quebec, Canada. The original OGarden appeared in 2017, and the Smart upgrade adds a few new features, including automatic watering, automatic LED lighting, and a water warning system. Some reviewers of the original OGarden commented that the system is easy to use, and that the vegetables taste better than store-bought produce.The OGarden Smart will set you back about $650 if you order it on Kickstarter at a discounted rate, but the company's founders are quick to point out that it will help you save money in the long-run. The system lets you grow organic (有机的) produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store.To see some of the buying options available, check out the project's Kickstarter page. Any orders that are placed will be delivered this May.
1.What is the OGarden Smart?A.A self-watering system.B.A water warning system. C.An indoor gardening system. D.An automatic lighting system.2.What can you learn about the OGarden Smart from the passage?A.It can be used all year round. B.It grows up to 60 plants at a time. C.It is designed for people who have a yard.D.It moves the plants from the shelf automatically.3.The OGarden Smart can help you save money in the long-run mainly because of its 　　    .A.automatic upgradeB.free after-sales serviceC.low energy consumptionD.harvest of organic produce
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了OGarden Smart的工作原理。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.可知,它是一种室内园艺系统,故选C。2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句的后半句no matter what season it is可知,一年四季都可以使用这种园艺系统。根据文章第一段最后一句中的grows up to 90 plants at one time可知,B项提到的60多种不正确;根据第一段首句If you've always wanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don't have the yard space or the “green thumb” to pull it off, there's now another option.可知,即使你家没有花园也可以种自己的草药和蔬菜,故C项错误;第三段提及这个系统有自动的LED灯,但没提到能自动将植物挪到架子上,故D项也不正确,因此本题选A。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句The system lets you grow organic produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store. 可知,你只需要付你在当地杂货店价格的一小部分就能种植有机产品,所以有机产品的价格非常实惠,因此本题选D。
高级语块　1.pull off 做成(某件难事)　2.set back 使花费
长难句　It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce, depending on the type of plant grown. 要收获产品通常需要三十到四十天的时间,取决于种的植物的种类。it takes some time to do sth.表示“做某事需要多长时间”;depending on是现在分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是it。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京西城第一学期期末, D)词数:523　　When Steve Jobs took to the stage in 2008 to announce the second iPhone and, just as impor-tantly, the then-brand-new App Store, he was selling consumers one simple thing: choice. Whether you wanted to play games, read the news, watch videos, or do a thousand other things, there was something for whatever your heart desired.Then a funny thing happened. Logging into the App Store today is a bit like going into a shopping mall armed only with a coupon (优惠券) for one thing: There's so much choice;it might just be easier to give up than choose.It isn't just consumers who are burdened, though. Too much content of all kinds is also starting to have economic effects. When there are millions of apps available, it becomes more and more diffi-cult to charge $5 or $10, so over time, a dollar or two has become the norm. A large amount of choice causes pressure, pushing prices down and driving us all a bit crazy in the process.So what is the way forward? It may well be to turn less choice itself into the marketing strategy.
There are already signs this is happening. Firstly, content companies are looking to prevent their offerings from getting lost in the tons of stuff. Most obvious is Disney, which is slowly pulling its films and shows off YouTube to open its own streaming service next year. The point is to narrow the focus so that those seeking Disney cartoons will have one place to go, rather than being around various services.Yet if that represents a careful first step, there are more extreme options, too. Consider the idea of a wine club: From the tens of thousands of bottles each year, subscribers pay someone to select the most interesting or rare offerings. Perhaps what comes next for digital content is something similar—carefully selected offerings from trusted sources (来源) that end up putting choice in the hands of someone else in order to get rid of the anxiety of choosing.Up until this point, too much choice in digital media has had only one solution: the algorithm (算法). But we've seen the trouble with algorithms like those on YouTube. They feed you only what you've already said you like, not things you may not yet know you're into. Worse, they have a tendency to serve up disturbing content. The way forward can't simply be more or better algo-
rithms.Instead, it's time for digital companies to start thinking about how to put limits on things: on how much we can use a device, or what we have available to choose from.To be sure, it's the opposite of free market, which is supposed to work on offering more choice. But perhaps it isn't such an unusual reaction. After all, free markets are supposed to respond to consumer demand.And as we move further into the digital revolution, what people are asking for is clear: Less.1.Too much choice of content on the market results in　　    .A.the shutdown of companiesB.the anxiety of consumersC.the poor quality of productsD.the slowdown of economy
2.What is mainly talked about in Paragraphs 4 and 5?A.Why content companies open their own streaming services.B.Whether content companies should cut their offerings.C.Where content companies should post their offerings.D.How content companies narrow the consumers' focus.3.For consumers, the algorithm will probably　　    .A.make a better choice for themB.help to remove disturbing contentC.fail to offer what they possibly likeD.change their interest in digital media4.What is the author's attitude towards limiting the choice consumers have?A.Approving.　　B.Skeptical.　　C.Opposing.　　D.Neutral.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章中阐述了应用商店中过多的选择带来的负面经济影响并提供了解决方案。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句A large amount of choice causes pressure, pushing prices down and driving us all a bit crazy in the process.可知,太多的选择会给消费者带来焦虑,故选B。2.D　主旨要义题。考察第四段和第五段的段落主旨,两段分别列举了迪士尼电影和红酒俱乐部帮助客户减少选择摆脱选择焦虑的例子,因此本题选D。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第六段第三句They feed you only what you've already said you like, not things you may not yet know you're into.可知,运算法只提供你已经说明你喜欢的东西,却不提供你可能都不知道自己喜欢的事物,因此本题选C。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句And as we move further into the digital revolution, what people are asking for is clear: Less.可知,在数字化革命时代,人们需要的是更少的选择,所以作者对于减少顾客选择持支持态度。故选A。
高级语块　1.log into登录　2.drive sb. crazy使某人疯狂　3.get rid of摆脱
长难句　Logging into the App Store today is a bit like going into a shopping mall armed only with a coupon for one thing: There's so much choice;it might just be easier to give up than choose.现在,登录苹果应用商店有些像是进入了一个只有一张优惠券的商场,里面有很多选择,这时放弃比选择更简单。logging into the App Store today为动名词作主语;armed only with a coupon for one thing为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a shopping mall。
Passage 2 (2019北京海淀第一学期期中, D)词数:466Young Americans Are Less Wealthy Than Their ParentsThe cost of living in the United States is going up, notes writer Alissa Quartz. As is reported in New York Post, Quartz points to “the costs of housing, education and health care in particular”. At the same time, a new study, the report of which is called “The Fading American Dream” found that half of Americans born in the 1980s are falling behind their parents economically.These findings show that many younger adults are experiencing “downward mobility”. In other words, they are not doing as well economically as their parents were at the same age. The idea of downward mobility is especially troubling for Americans, writes Robert Samuelson in The Wash-ington Post. He says most U.S. citizens believe that, over time, the amount of money they earn will rise and life will get easier.
Alissa Quartz wrote a book about the financial difficulties of Americans. In the book, Quartz tells about teachers who are struggling to pay for regular costs. One high school teacher drives for ride sharing service Uber at night to earn more money. He corrects students' papers between riders. A college professor turned to government assistance to feed her child and pay for a doctor. Quartz says even lawyers increasingly cannot earn an income that enables them to meet their needs. The problem of decreasing incomes in their field is made worse by debt they may have from law school.Quartz and the economists who studied these issues say many things have led to lower incomes and downward mobility. The economic recession of 2007 to 2009 is partly to blame, they say. Modern technology also plays a part. Quartz says robots threaten to reduce the earnings of health care workers,reporters, and people who work at supermarkets, drug stores and tax preparation ser-vices. In The Washington Post, Robert Samuelson noted that poor schools, a weak housing indus-try and too many government rules are also to blame.
With all these things, and more, partly responsible, what is the solution? These experts say the an-swer is complex. But all point to one issue that needs to be examined: economic inequality. Quartz writes that while America is one of the richest countries in the world, it also has one of the biggest divides between the wealthy and the poor.The researchers in “The Fading American Dream” study make a similar observation. They say raising GDP will not significantly improve the economic situation of most Americans. A higher GDP may help only those who are already doing well. Instead, the economists say, the United States could try to repeat something Americans born in the 1940s experienced. As those children grew up, they almost all benefited from a better economy.1.The author mentions two reports in Paragraph 1 in order to　　    .A.explain the results of two researchesB.introduce his opinions about the issueC.attract readers' attention to health careD.lead to the topic of downward mobility
2.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.The causes of downward mobility.B.The influences of government rules.C.The negative effects of modern technology.D.The results of economic recession in America.3.The author indicates in this passage that　　    .A.raising GDP will greatly help the poorB.American economy has a bright futureC.young Americans will repeat their parents' experienceD.it's vital to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor4.We can learn from the passage that in America,　　    .A.people miss the good old days in the 1940sB.people are suffering from a worse economyC.people are pessimistic about future economyD.people complain a lot about economic changes
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章讲述了美国经济繁荣背后的衰退现象,并且论述了可能的原因。1.D　推理判断题。根据文章反复出现的关键词downward mobility可知,文章紧紧围绕down-ward mobility展开,所以第一段给出两个例子的目的是引出这一话题,故选D。2.A　主旨要义题。根据第四段第一句Quartz and the economists who studied these issues say many things have led to lower incomes and downward mobility.可知,本段主要分析了经济下滑的诱因,故选A。3.D　推理判断题。文章第五段在讨论可能的解决办法,其中提到Quartz writes that while America is one of the richest countries in the world, it also has one of the biggest divides between the wealthy and the poor.,由此推断把悬殊的贫富差距缩小至关重要,故选D4.B　推理判断题。根据文章标题以及第一段最后一句At the same time, a new study, the re-port of which is called “The Fading American Dream” found that half of Americans born in the 1980s are falling behind their parents economically.可知,美国现在的经济状况不如从前,故选B。
高级语块　1.the fading American dream 褪色的美国梦 2.be to blame (对坏事)负有责任
about you when they confirm the reservation. Your personal details should include photos and i-dentification(身份证明), especially because some hosts require guests to have a profile photo and verified ID in order to book.2.Find the Right PlaceWith over 800,000 unique listings around the world, you'll want to make sure the place you choose has everything you need for a comfortable and memorable trip. When searching for a place, make sure to include your dates and the number of guests to get the most accurate pricing. Read reviews, descriptions, house rules and facilities for each place to see if it's fit for your trip. You can always contact the host if you have any questions about their home.3.Book It!You've found the perfect place, and now it's time to make it official. This is where the host's pre-ferred way of booking will determine how you'll confirm your reservation.•Instant BookFor hosts who don't want to approve each reservation, you'll see a button on their listing that says
Instant Book. As the name suggests, you can confirm a reservation at these places right away.•Request to BookMany hosts prefer to approve reservations before they're final. In this case, you'll see a button on their listing that says Request to Book. To submit a reservation request, you'll need to enter your payment details. Hosts have 24 hours to accept your request, and your reservation is automatically confirmed once they do. •Pre-approvals and Special OffersIf you decide to contact the host to ask questions before attempting to book, the host may respond to your message by inviting you to make a reservation with either a Pre-approval or a Special Of-fer. A Pre-approval is an invitation to finish booking for the dates and number of guests you noted in your message. A Special Offer gives the host the opportunity to provide special pricing, dates and other reservation details before you book. 1.When filling in your personal information, you need to　　    .A.request a reservation from a host
B.ask for approval from the hostC.provide your proof of identityD.trust the community where you live2.To know the exact price, you should 　　    .A.check the listings online in advanceB.contact the host to ask questions firstC.confirm your dates and the number of guestsD.read previous reviews made by other users3.If you click the Request to Book button, you can　　    .A.get some special discountsB.know the result within a dayC.get the approval immediatelyD.receive a Pre-approval message4.Where is the passage most probably from?A.A news report.　　B.A shopping guide.C.A travel magazine.　　D.A research paper.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文,介绍了在爱彼迎(Airbnb)上预订住宿的相关流程及注意事项。1.C　细节理解题。根据Complete Your Personal Details下面文字的最后一句Your personal de-tails should include photos and identification, especially because some hosts require guests to have a profile photo and verified ID in order to book.可知在填写个人信息时需要提供身份证明,故选C项。2.C　细节理解题。根据Find the Right Place下面文字的第二句When searching for a place, make sure to include your dates and the number of guests to get the most accurate pricing.可知要想知道确切价格,要先确定入住日期及人数,故选C项。3.B　细节理解题。根据Request to Book下面文字的最后一句Hosts have 24 hours to accept your request, and your reservation is automatically confirmed once they do.可知在申请预订后,房主会在24小时内予以回复,也就是房客可在一天内知道结果,故选B项。4.C　推理判断题。文章介绍了如何在爱彼迎(Airbnb)上预订房间,与旅行相关,可能出现在旅行杂志上,所以选C项。
高级语块　make arrangements 做好安排(准备)
长难句　With over 800,000 unique listings around the world, you'll want to make sure the place you choose has everything you need for a comfortable and memorable trip.全世界有超过800,000个独特的选择列表,你会想确保你选择的地方有你度过一段舒适又难忘的旅程所需要的一切。此句中with的复合结构作伴随状语,用来说明背景情况;you choose为定语从句,修饰the place,省略了关系词that;you need for a comfortable and memorable trip为定语从句,修饰everything,同样省略了关系词that。
Passage 4 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中, B)词数:428Prinker:Color Your WayTattoos always look so cool, but actually getting one is quite a commitment. After all, apart from using expensive laser removal therapy, they stay on your skin forever.Prinker is here to change the game. It is a device(设备) that let you create or print any image or temporary tattoos within a matter of seconds. It is connected to your smartphone and you can select a bunch of preloaded tattoos available in the app.This device was exhibited at The International ConsumerElectronics Show in Las Vegas this year. It is manufactured by a Korean start-up called “SketchOn”.You can sketch your ideas out on your skin with this portable device that is almost twice the size of
a computer mouse. This is a nice way to support your team in the match by printing its logo or de-sign on your skin. You can also share your tattoo designs with others through the app. It is also a fun and creative toy for kids to play with.In order to print the design, all you need to do is select or draw a design on your mobile and then press and rub the base of the device against your skin and you are done. These designs and images are water-resistant but can be washed off with soap water. The ink of Prinker is non-toxic and is made only from certified cosmetic ingredients. Each cartridge (墨盒) contains enough ink for about 1,500 tattoos, or as J. R. Smith would call it, “a good start”.Prinker is developed by a small team of five members. The company is planning to launch the de-vice in China and then in the United States. The device is currently commercializing in Korea as a rental device. The agencies and organizations pay $150 for a day to use it in their events or market-ing.
The current version of Prinker is aimed at business users (think festivals, carnivals, sports events, promotion campaigns). But the company is working on a home version, and hopes to have it avail-able to buy before the end of 2018. SketchOn estimates the personal model will retail at $200. The company is currently seeking to partner international agencies for distribution opportunities.Although Prinker is currently aimed at novelty and creative purposes, its technologies could even-tually be adapted for use by professional tattoo artists or medical professionals who provide tattoos for patients, such as after a breast cancer operation or skin graft. 1.According to the passage, tattoos by Prinker　　    . A.can stay permanentlyB.are convenient to print C.can draw more attentionD.are expensive to remove
2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Prinker can be used to create any image in a short time.B.Prinker is preloaded with many tattoo designs inside.C.Prinker is available for kids in their daily activities.D.Prinker has been adapted for professional use.3.Where can we probably use Prinker at present?A.At a company annual meeting.B.At a surgical ward in the hospital.C.At a family gathering at home.D.At a professional tattoo shop.4.The passage is intended to　　    .A.persuade people to buy Prinker B.promote various methods of getting tattoosC.introduce a new tattoo printing device to readersD.search for business partners for further expansion
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种可以快速制作文身的设备——Prinker。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句It is a device that let you create or print any image or temporary tattoos within a matter of seconds.可知本题选择B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句It is a device that let you create or print any image or temporary tattoos within a matter of seconds.可知选择A项。根据you can select a bunch of preloaded tatoos available in the app可知,是手机软件里可以预先装载图案而不是Prinker这个设备中。所以排除B项。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句The current version of Prinker is aimed at busi-ness users (think festivals, carnivals, sports events, promotion campaigns).可知本题选择A项,公司年会属于商业用途。4.C　主旨要义题。纵观全文,文章主要向读者介绍了一种新的文身设备,所以本题选择C项。
高级语块　1.water-resistant adj. 防水的2.retail at 以……价格零售
长难句　Although Prinker is currently aimed at novelty and creative purposes, its technologies could eventually be adapted for use by professional tattoo artists or medical professionals who provide tattoos for patients, such as after a breast cancer operation or skin graft.尽管Prinker目前针对的是新颖的、有创造性的用途,但是它的技术最终可以被专业的文身师所用或者被医学专家用来给病人文身,比如在做完乳腺癌手术或植皮手术后。句子的主句中含有一个定语从句who provide tattoos for patients,用来修饰medical profession-als。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京海淀第一学期期末, A)词数:435Sweat rolled off my forehead as my younger brother and I sat under the tree.“Hi, Jason,” said my brother, Chad.“Do you hear the train?” I listened, but I only heard the thunder in the distance. It was still miles away, but I heard it. It grew stronger and louder as it gained speed and got closer. How could that be?I wondered.We were about to grab our bikes to see what it actually was when we stopped. What looked like a flock of birds darkened the sky overhead. When I looked at it closer, I realized it wasn't birds. It was a tornado(龙卷风). The hairs on the back of my neck stood up as the air turned heavy. The sun disappeared.The wind strengthened and roared.I grabbed Chad's arm and pulled him toward the house.I tried to open the door, but it was as if an invisible force was pushing against me. The door re-fused to open. When we finally managed to get inside, we found it was as dark as night. Our fami-ly had practiced a tornado safety plan many times. But I had never imagined that it would be just
Chad and me at home the first time we needed to use it. “Inside the closet!” I yelled. It was small and crowded, but we got in it anyway. Chad began to cry. “It's going to be all right,” I told him. But I was worried about Mom. I hope she'd found a safe place to wait out the storm.The storm continued to rage. I heard a thud on the roof. The whole house creaked and groaned. Then it was quiet. I opened the door and we inched our way out of the closet. Rain had got in through the open window and wet the carpets. A kitchen window had shattered, its screen blown away. I looked at the backyard.The tree was uprooted, and broken branches lay on the ground.“Jason, I can't get service,” Chad said as he held the phone in his hand.We had no electricity, either. I glanced at the wall clock. Had it been only 20 minutes since we'd first heard the thunder?Then I heard footsteps toward the house. Mom had made it home safely. “Boys!” she yelled.“Are you all right?”We ran out and hugged her. The sun came out, and this time it shone brightly.
1.When the tornado struck,　　    .A.the boys felt terrified and asked for helpB.a flock of birds darkened the sky overheadC.the boys protected themselves in a safe placeD.the sound of the train grew stronger and louder2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Mom had trouble finding the boys. B.Jason knew how to deal with a tornado.C.The tornado lasted for over half an hour.D.Their house was flooded by the heavy rain. 3.Which of the following words can best describe Jason?A.Calm and thoughtful.　　B.Cautious and curious.C.Dependent and sensitive.　　D.Creative and active.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。记叙了Jason和Chad在龙卷风来袭时镇定自救的故事。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段前两句“Inside the closet!” I yelled.It was small and crowded, but we got in it anyway.可知两兄弟在龙卷风来袭时躲进壁橱里自救。2.B　推理判断题。根据Jason在面临龙卷风时采取的行动:I grabbed Chad's arm and pulled him toward the house.(第三段最后一句)、“Inside the closet!” I yelled.(第五段第一句)以及文章第四段第四句Our family had practiced a tornado safety plan many times.可推知Jason知道如何应对龙卷风。3.A　推理判断题。根据Jason在面临龙卷风时采取的行动以及第五段最后两句But I was wor-ried about Mom. I hope she'd found a safe place to wait out the storm.可知Jason很镇定而且还惦记着妈妈。
高级语块　a flock of 一群
长难句　A kitchen window had shattered, its screen blown away. 厨房的窗户碎了,纱窗也被吹走了。句中的its screen blown away为名词加过去分词的独立主格结构。
Passage 2 (2018北京东城第一学期期末, B)词数:478“I wish we hadn't come on this trip!” Jeff's voice echoed across the narrow canyon(峡谷). His father stopped, breathing heavily. “This is hard for you, but you've got to come through with courage!” He gently placed his hand on the boy's shoulder. “Now, I don't know if I can make it without stopping every so often. You're young, but you're strong and fast. Do you remember the way back from here to the road if you had to go alone?”Jeff flashed back to the painful scene of Mark, his seventeen-year-old brother at their campsite. He was bitten by a snake yesterday. This morning he couldn't move, and the pain got worse. He need-ed medical attention right away. They had left their phone in the car, and it must have been out of power by then. Leaving Mark at the campsite and seeking help was their only choice.“Jeff, could you do it?”
Jeff looked to the end of the canyon, several miles away. He nodded and a plan began to take hold in his mind.“What is the name of that little town we stopped, Dad?” There must be a hospital there. “Flint. We parked at the side of the road a few miles out of Flint.” Jeff nodded. Then they continued climbing. Stone by stone, they made their way up the canyon. Gradually, Jeff's father grew smaller and smaller in the distance. Jeff waved to him and then climbed toward the road. Two hours later, he finally reached the road and struggled toward the town, almost exhausted.“Can't stop,” he thought. “Mark's in big trouble. Keep going.” Suddenly, he saw a truck heading toward him. “Hey, mister!” he shouted, waving both arms. He began to jog toward the truck, and then broke into a full-speed run.His chest was burning with every breath when the truck driver stopped by him. Jeff explained breathlessly. The driver reached for his cellphone as soon as he heard about Mark. “Better get the helicopter in there,” he said immediately. But Jeff wasn't sure about that because everything got
unclear and then went black and quiet.Hours later, Jeff opened his eyes to find his father on a chair nearby. “You're a hero, son,” his father said with a smile. “You had the helicopter sent into the canyon after Mark. I can't tell you how happy I was when I saw it overhead. They got him to the hospital. He's going to be fine soon. I'm so proud of you!” 1.Why did Jeff and his father climb up the canyon?A.They were going for rescue.B.They were doing physical exercise. C.They were meeting Jeff's brother.D.They were searching for their campsite. 2.What happened to Mark?A.He lost his way.　　B.He lost his phone. C.He was hit by a truck.　　D.He was bitten by a snake.
3.Why did Jeff's father let him go alone?A.Jeff was faster than him.B.Jeff knew the way better.C.Jeff needed more exercise.D.Jeff preferred going by himself. 4.What can be the best words to describe Jeff?A.Humorous and ambitious.　　B.Determined and caring. C.Cautious and sensitive.　　D.Generous and kind.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。Jeff和他的哥哥Mark及父亲在峡谷中露营,Mark被蛇咬了,需要救援。父亲走不快,所以Jeff独自翻越峡谷寻求帮助,最后帮助哥哥成功脱险。1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Leaving Mark at the campsite and seeking help was their only choice.以及后文的故事描述可推知Jeff和父亲翻越峡谷是为了寻求救援。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句He was bitten by a snake yesterday.可知Mark被蛇咬了。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的You're young, but you're strong and fast.可知父亲让Jeff先走是因为Jeff年轻力壮,走得快。4.B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句He nodded and a plan began to take hold in his mind.以及第六、七段的描述可推知Jeff意志坚定而且关心他人。
高级语块　1.medical attention 医疗护理2.break into a run突然奔跑
长难句　His chest was burning with every breath when the truck driver stopped by him.他的胸腔每一次呼吸都伴随灼热的疼痛,这时卡车司机在他身旁停下了。此句为be doing...when...句式,其中when是并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。
Passage 3 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中, A)词数:361Rosa was walking home from work one evening when she got the idea. Rosa didn't like her job at the factory, but it was better than no job at all. So, while she was trying not to think about work, she saw the pots in an alley. They were cheap plastic pots, but there were dozens of them piled up behind the flower shop. Such a waste, she thought. When the pots were still there three days later, Rosa went in and asked if she could take some. The flower shop lady said she didn't mind, so Rosa carried home a tower of pots, pretending she was a circus performer on the way. At home, Rosa set them on the fire escape outside her tiny apartment. And there they sat. Once a gust of wind sent them slipping to the street three floors below, she had to go to run after and catch them before the gathering storm.
Every day, Rosa went to work and thought about her pots. She was waiting for something, but she had patience. At last, the newspaper brought good news. A hardware store had a sale of potting soil. Rosa care-fully counted her money, then walked six blocks to the store. She bought six bags and carried them home. She bought seeds, too. Rosa slept well that night and dreamed of masses of flowers and fruits. Sundays were always good days. Rosa didn't have to work on Sundays. But Rosa couldn't re-member when she had had such a good Sunday. She got up early and ate her breakfast on the fire escape with her pots. Then, she began to put soil into the pots. She sang songs until all six of her bags of soil were empty. Then, she laid her precious seed packets out and planned her garden. Tomatoes for the biggest pots, and peppers for the next biggest ones. Flowers in all the rest.At the end of the day, Rosa sat in her garden and watched the sunset. Soon, she thought, there will be masses of flowers and fruits.
1.Why did Rosa wait three days before she asked about the pots?A.She didn't like the pots at first.B.She had been waiting for a discount. C.She had no idea how to make use of them.D.She needed to make sure they were unwanted.2.What can we learn about Rosa?A.She was a workaholic.　　B.She liked taking walks.C.She was poor.　　D.She liked the sunset.3.How did Rosa feel when planting her garden?A.Hopeful.　　B.Proud.C.Anxious.　　D.Lonely.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。Rosa不喜欢她的工作,一次偶然的机会,她发现了自己的兴趣——种植盆栽。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的When the pots were still there three days later, Rosa went in and asked if she could take some. The flower shop lady said she didn't mind, so Rosa car-ried home a tower of pots, pretending she was a circus performer on the way.可知,Rosa等了三天是为了确保这些塑料盆是没人要的。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句A hardware store had a sale of potting soil. Rosa carefully counted her money, then walked six blocks to the store.可推断出Rosa生活拮据,所以才会等到打折时才买而且要仔细数钱。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句Soon, she thought, there will be masses of flowers and fruits.可以判断当Rosa种下这些种子时内心是充满希望的。
高级语块　1.a gust of wind 一阵狂风2.masses of 大量的
长难句　The flower shop lady said she didn't mind, so Rosa carried home a tower of pots, pre-tending she was a circus performer on the way. 花店的女店主说她不介意,所以Rosa就带回家一堆塑料盆,在回来的路上假装自己是马戏团演员。本句中pretending为现在分词作伴随状语,其逻辑主语是Rosa。
Passage 4 (2018北京朝阳第一学期期中, B)词数:365Two graduates from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom found themselves about to graduate, yet with loans (贷款) to pay off. The pair decided to begin a strange, year-long project to battle their debt.The men, Ross Harper and Edward Moyse, set up the website BuyMyFace.com last October as a way to get rid of the￡50,000 they shared as student loans. The idea behind the project was to earn money by selling their faces as advertising space every day for a year. Each day, they advertise a different business by painting the brand's name or logo onto their faces and upload the pictures to the homepage of BuyMyFace.com, adding a link to the advertiser's website and including a short piece of text about it. After they paint their faces and publish them on the website, Harper and
Moyse go out to highly populated areas such as music festivals and theme parks to maximize their faces' exposure. They hope more people will pay attention to the advertisements on their faces. At this time, Harper and Moyse have advertised their faces for over four months without skipping a day and they're more than halfway to their goal. Though they first started charging a minimum of about ￡1.60 per company, the prices have risen as their popularity increases. For advertising space during the rest of April, they range between ￡250 and ￡750.Terri L. Rittenburg, associate professor of marketing at the University of Wyoming, said that she had heard of people tattooing (文身) logos on themselves before, but this idea is much better. Ac-cording to her, at first the idea would be new and unusual and attract attention. People are interest-ed in this particular style of advertisement and would like to try what they advertise. But she is un-sure how long it would last.At least for now, companies that have bought Harper and Moyse's faces have written positive comments on the pair's website. “We had a three percent increase in website traffic on the very day and for two days more afterwards,” said one of the companies.
1.At BuyMyFace.com, you can　　    .A.enjoy a good chat with your friendsB.buy everything you want to haveC.share experiences in doing businessD.get information on certain goods2.Harper and Moyse go to highly populated areas to　　    .A.offer their help　　B.make more friendsC.show their faces　　D.raise more money3.We can infer from the passage that the two young men　　    .A.get on well with their project B.work hard except on holidaysC.plan to open their own company D.may close their website in future4.Why does the men's idea of advertising prove to work?A.Because an expert has highly praised them.B.Because people find it unique and appealing.C.Because the products they advertise are reliable.D.Because they receive great help from businesses.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。两个剑桥大学的学生为了还学贷,在自己脸上画广告挣广告费。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句Each day, they advertise a different business by painting the brand's name or logo onto their faces and upload the pictures to the homepage of BuyMyFace.com, adding a link to the advertiser's website and including a short piece of text about it.可知,网站上会提供广告商品的相关信息,故选D项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句After they paint their faces and publish them on the website, Harper and Moyse go out to highly populated areas such as music festivals and theme parks to maximize their faces' exposure.可知本题选C。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句At least for now, companies that have bought Harper and Moyse's faces have written positive comments on the pair's website.可推知两人的项目进展得很好,故选A。4.B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句According to her, at first the idea would be new and unusual and attract attention.可知,其中的unusual对应选项中的unique,attract attention 对应选项中的appealing,故选B项。
高级语块　1.highly populated areas 人口密集地区2.website traffic 网站流量
长难句　Each day, they advertise a different business by painting the brand's name or logo onto their faces and upload the pictures to the homepage of BuyMyFace.com, adding a link to the adver-tiser's website and including a short piece of text about it.每天,他们会通过把品牌的名字或商标画在脸上来给不同的企业做广告,并把图片上传到BuyMyFace.com的主页上,同时附上广告客户的网址链接以及与其相关的一小篇文章。此句中,adding a link to the advertiser's website和including a short piece of text about it同为分词短语作伴随状语。
Group 4Passage 1(2017北京海淀第一学期期中, B)词数:410Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot?You don't have a clue where your car is after shop-ping. Then you start walking around clicking on your car keys so the alarm goes off. It can be an-noying, especially on a hot sunny day.No, you needn't install(安装)an expensive GPS system to keep track of your car. That's too ex-pensive. You would need to pay a monthly fee to use it. But is there a way to track your vehicle without spending a fortune?Yes, now there is! A California-based company has created a tiny device that works with your smartphone, which could be exact-ly what you're looking for!What is it?It's called TrackR. It is a state-of-the-art tracking device the size of a coin. It's changing the way we keep track of the important things in our lives.How does it work?
It's easy! Install the free TrackR app on your smartphone, connect the app to your device and you're ready to go! Simply attach TrackR to whatever you want to keep an eye on. The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less.You can attach it to your keys, briefcase, wallet, your latest tech gadgets and anything else you don't want to lose. Then use the TrackR app to locate your missing item in seconds.If you forget where you have parked your car, pull out your smartphone and open the TrackR app. Tap on the “find device” button on the screen and the app will tell you the exact spot of the last known location of the TrackR.What else can I do with TrackR?The device is small and unnoticeable enough that you can attach it to your pet. Put it on their col-lar, and the issue of searching for them when they run away to nearby places will be over! You'll never waste a minute searching the whole house for it.TrackR even comes with a double-sided glue so you can stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat. Track down and punish the thieves who steal your expensive things!
How much does it cost?You're probably thinking that this device is very expensive. False! TrackR only costs $29! That's a small price to pay for peace of mind, isn't it?Where can I buy one?You can buy it directly from the company's website by clicking here https://buy.thetrackr.co/gu/special-offers/15/.1.From the passage, we learn that TrackR can　　    .A.help you locate your important thingsB.track your wallet through GPS systemC.work better after you pay monthly fee D.take good care of your pets at home2.This passage is mainly developed by　　    .A.answering questions　　B.providing statisticsC.listing advantages　　D.making comparisons3.Where is this passage most likely taken from?A.A research report.　　B.A website. C.A personal blog.　　D.A journal.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。这则广告介绍了一种定位装置TrackR,它可以帮助人们定位重要的东西,并很容易地找回它们。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句It's changing the way we keep track of the important things in our lives.可知本题应选择A项。2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段至结尾的结构可以看出,每一部分都是由一个问题引入的,因此选择A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的You can buy it directly from the company's website by clicking here https://buy.thetrackr.co/gu/special-offers/15/.可知本题应选择B项。
高级语块　1.keep track of了解……的动态2.attach...to把……贴在……上
your ring finger longer than your index finger?Or are the two of the same length?Find the situation that best matches your hand and see if what follows is an accurate description of your personality.·Longer ring finger:The Sweet TalkerIf your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you're likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. You're more likely to take risks, and you're good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.·Longer index finger:The(Over)Confident OneIf your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are you are full of confidence—possi-bly even to the point of being over-confident and proud. You are not necessarily introverted(内向的), but you do enjoy time to yourself, especially when you're trying to complete a project. You are a dream pursuer who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in a relationship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but you're always
2.We can learn from the passage that the author　　    .A.is very charming and helpfulB.always tries hard to avoid a fightC.often takes silly tests on FacebookD.thinks the descriptions suit him well3.What does the passage intend to tell us?A.How accurate the description of the test is.B.The length of fingers can reveal personality. C.Why your fingers are not of the same length.D.Personality is determined by your finger length.4.Where can you probably find the text?A.In a popular magazine.　　B.In an official report.C.In a public advertisement.　　D.In a biology textbook.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。手指的长度能够反映出一个人的性格特点,你相信吗?赶快对照文章中的内容去看看你是什么样的人吧!1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的最后一句People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.可知本题应选择A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的倒数第二句I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it is exactly correct for me.可以看出本题选择D项。3.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的第四句Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality?和第二段的最后一句Find the situation that best matches your hand and see if what follows is an accurate description of your personality.以及最后一段的第一句How well do these descriptions match your personality?可以看出本题选择B项。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章的内容和作者写作的语言特点可以判断,本篇文章最有可能的出处是在流行杂志上,故选择A项。
Passage 3(2017北京海淀一模, A)词数:420I am Henry Jekyll. I was born in the 1800s. I inherited(继承)a large fortune, a healthy body and an excellent mind. I was naturally hard-working and soon I was very successful in my job. So the out-side world saw a serious, hard-working, successful doctor. Behind this quiet character, however, was a wild, fun-loving, irresponsible young man. Both of them were me. They lived together in the same body.“Was it possible,” I wondered, “to find a drug that could give each side of my character its own separate face and body?”After much thought and careful study I believed I had found the answer. I had read many scientific books and spent many hours in my laboratory, searching for the right mixture of chemicals to make my drug. At last I got everything ready.Late one night, I mixed everything together and prepared my drug. I watched the smoke rising from the liquid as its color changed from red to purple and at last to green. Then, bravely, I drank
every bitter drop.I felt violent sickness in my stomach and a terrible pain in all my bones. The room seemed to turn round and round and I trembled with fear. Then the fear and pain disappeared and a strange, sweet feeling took its place. Wild thoughts danced through my mind—the wild passions of an evil and cruel stranger. But inside myself I felt younger, lighter, more carefree than ever before. “If this is pure evil,” I thought, “I like it.”I stood there, enjoying these strange new thoughts and passions and suddenly realized that I was shorter. So I decided to go to my bedroom in my new body and take a look at myself in the mirror there. As I came into my room, I saw Edward Hyde for the first time.At that time, the good side of my character was stronger than the evil side. Henry Jekyll had his faults, but he was mostly a good, kind man. I believe that is the reason why Edward Hyde was so much smaller than Henry Jekyll. But that was not the only difference between the two men. Henry Jekyll had a kind, open, honest face. But pure evil stared out of Edward Hyde's eyes. I felt no dis-like, however. Indeed, I welcomed him. Edward Hyde was me, young and strong and full of life.
1.In others' eyes, the writer was　　    .A.wild and successful　　B.fun-loving and responsible C.quiet and irresponsible 　　D.serious and hard-working2.The writer wanted to find a drug to　　    .A.discover the right mixture of chemicalsB.create separate bodies for both sidesC.observe the change of the chemicalsD.make himself smaller but stronger3.From the passage we can learn that the writer　　    .A.felt quite delighted right after taking the drug B.preferred kind Henry to pure evil EdwardC.was very sick of the shorter Edward HydeD.was satisfied with both of his bodies
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。“我”的体内有两种完全不同的性格,为了将这两种性格完全分开,“我”制成一种药水并喝了下去。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第五句So the outside world saw a serious, hard-working, successful doctor.可知本题选择D项。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Was it possible,” I wondered, “to find a drug that could give each side of my character its own separate face and body?”可知本题选择B项。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第二句Henry Jekyll had his faults, but he was mostly a good, kind man.、第五句Henry Jekyll had a kind, open, honest face.、第七句I felt no dislike, however.和第八句Indeed, I welcomed him.中的关键词可以判断出我对被分开的两个身体都很满意。
Passage 4(2017北京海淀二模, A)词数:396Cherish the Moments with Our ParentsThere was something in an elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Unsure of her steps, the woman moved slowly, along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daugh-ter was rolling her eyes and checking her watch every few seconds. The older woman left the younger one and began to look through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. Without hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled at me and showed me a title on a piece of paper. Rather than rush off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a mo-ment. Her movements reminded me of my own mother, who had passed away the previous Christmas.As we walked, the woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation. We found the movie and she told me it was the one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said he could enjoy it with his own young children.
I accompanied her to the queue at the cashier. As the cashier put the DVD into a plastic bag, I wentover to the younger woman, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.“Is that your mom?” I asked.I had expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was annoyance in her reply. Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some ad-vice?”“Go ahead,” said the daughter. I smiled to show her I wasn't criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. “When she's gone, it's the lit-tle moments that'll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with sadness the moments when I'd used my impatience to make her life miserable.The elderly woman moved slowly back to her daughter. Together they made their way toward the store's exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current. Then the daughter glanced over and slowly placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and gently guided her home.
1.The daughter checked her watch frequently because she　　    .A.had to wait for a friendB.wanted to buy a new watch C.was impatient to shop with her momD.was uninterested in watching the DVD2.From Paragraphs 3 and 4 we know that　　    .A.the elderly woman hadn't seen the movie beforeB.the elderly woman found her son's favorite movieC.the author and the elderly woman hurried to find the DVDD.the author and the elderly woman enjoyed each other's company3.We can learn from the passage that　　    .A.the author had treated her mom very wellB.the elderly woman looked like the author's mom C.the author scolded the daughter for her behavior D.the daughter changed her attitude toward her mom
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一对母女来店里买东西,女儿表现出不耐烦的态度,在我善意提醒后,女儿改变了对妈妈的态度。1.C　推理判断题。文章的第一段提到The daughter was rolling her eyes and checking her watch every few seconds,虽然没有直接写出女儿不耐烦,但是正是这些行为体现出了女儿的不耐烦,因此本题选择C项。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment,以及第四段的the woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation可知本题选择D项。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句Then the daughter glanced over and slowly placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and gently guided her home.可以推断出女儿对妈妈的态度有了变化,故选择D项。
长难句　We found the movie and she told me it was the one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had.我们找到了那部电影,她告诉我这是她像她的儿子那么大年纪的时候喜欢的一部电影,她希望他也能像她一样喜欢它。句中的第一个and连接的是we found...和she told me...,第二个and连接的是told后的宾语从句it was the one...和that she hoped...。told me后的宾语从句省略了引导词that,宾语从句中表语the one后的she'd enjoyed...age是the one的定语。第二个宾语从句中hoped后又接了一个宾语从句,从句依然是省略了引导词that。
B组  2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京海淀一模, C)词数:451　　Going to university is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is proba-bly made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encourag-ing. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness(认真)and so on. The other was of atti-tudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once
towards the end of each volunteer's time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergradu-ates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather wor-rying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the voca-tional route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in na-ture. And that might restrict their choice of careers.Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the de-
greeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.1.Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2?A.Examined.　　B.Attracted.C.Organized.　　D.Recognized.2.What can we learn from the research?A.The degreeless have not changed in personalities.B.Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.C.Working straight after school narrows people's minds.D.College students pride themselves on their education.
3.According to the last two paragraphs,　　    .A.college students enjoy a very good public imageB.the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitudeC.the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasksD.people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training4.What is the author's attitude towards the finding?A.Concerned.　　B.Optimistic.C.Unclear.　　D.Sceptical.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文,讨论了上大学和直接工作两种选择到底哪一个更能拓宽人们的思维。1.B　推测词义题。根据文章第二段最后三句Of the original group, 382 were on the intermedi-ate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.可知,有382人参与了测试,其中大学吸引了212人,其余170人选择了职业培训。根据句意可知beckon for在这里的意思是“吸引”,故选B。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly.可知,那些上大学的人性格上没有显著的变化,A选项说没有变化,过于绝对;D选项文章并未提及;根据第一段最后两句话However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.可知,B项和文章主旨相反,文章说上大学并不是一个拓宽思维的经历,然而工作似乎会限制他们的思维,C项和文章一致,故选C。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后两句But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.可知,选择职业道路的人对研究性和创业型的任务就会失去兴趣,这会限制他们的职业选择,与D选项相符,因此本题选D。4.A　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying.以及最后一段最后一句中的that is indeed a matter worthy of serious considera-tion可知,研究人员记录下来的态度上发生的变化是令人担忧的,concerned的意思是“担心的”,故选A。
高级语块　1.in comparison to 和……相比　2.worthy of 值得……的
长难句　As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational training for work.正如她在这周的《心理科学》杂志中所发表的,她发现那些上大学的人在毕业时看起来确实比那些为了工作直接参加职业培训的人有着更广阔、更爱探究的思维。该句中含有比较结构,句中两个those后面接who引导的定语从句。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城一模, C)词数:427　　Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators (掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why?John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism (新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn't actually much more food around. It's more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.The real explanation is simple. An animal's speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt be-come slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start
outswimming their prey (猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.In Grady's words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where prey is slow, stupid and cold.” That's why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize in specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eat-ing, year-round residents.But the world is changing. It's likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady's team estimates that every time the ocean's surface warms by 1℃, popula-tions of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.“But predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Po-
lar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations;others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”1.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?A.Because there is more food.B.Because there are fewer enemies.C.Because they are faster and wiser.D.Because they consume less energy.2.The author mentions the killer whales to show　　    .A.the benefit of biological evolutionB.food preference of different sea mammals
C.the distinction of specific types of predatorsD.the advantage of constant body temperature3.What is Donna Hauser's attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?A.Positive.　　B.Negative.C.Neutral.　　D.Sceptical.4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?B.How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?C.Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Cold Food?D.Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章解释了为何动植物的种类在赤道附近更多,然而温血动物却相反,它们在寒冷的两极地区物种反而更加丰富。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句和第四句Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt be-come slower and duller.可知,鸟类和哺乳动物在寒冷的环境下可以保持热量,一直保持迅速和专注,反之,他们所捕捉的鱼则变得缓慢和迟钝,与C选项相符,故选C。2.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句和第三句That's why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize in specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species.可知,温血动物为了能得到猎物,会专注于特定的猎物类型,使他们可能成为不同的品种,这里讲的是温血动物在寒冷地区的优势,而后面以生活在北太平洋的虎鲸为例,因此本题选D。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第六段第二句中的Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well.可知,Donna Hauser对这些动物的未来持乐观态度,因此本题选A。4.C　主旨要义题。根据第一段第三句和第四句But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.Why?可知,下文给出了温血动物在两极更加多样化的原因,和C选项相符。
高级语块　be likely to 很可能
长难句　Grady's team estimates that every time the ocean's surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.Grady的团队估算海洋表面温度每变暖一度,海洋哺乳动物的数量就会减少12%,海豹和海狮的数量会减少24%。that引导的宾语从句中包含一个由every time引导的时间状语从句。
Passage 3 (2019北京东城一模, D)词数:512　　Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course. The demands of his major, he said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, em-ployability was the most important.The students' conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education. In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innova-tion, sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Re-naissance or Chinese fiction.Actually, I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course. I would have started by reminding him that, for much of America's history, college gradu-
ates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy, literature, political theory and history. The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university's function in society.I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market. It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look at other capabilities. As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm. All these skills are developed in humanities courses.Further, I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondi-tion for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech business people with degrees in the hu-
manities, and who credit that training for their success.Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction. The ratio between average median (中位数) incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering, and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foun-dational preparation for a life well lived. A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life's challenges.By all means, students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests, but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance, or researching into modern poetry, or even taking introductory philosophy, we will all benefit.
1.What do the students' conversation show?A.Students feel employment difficult.B.Students think philosophy less important.C.Students find scientific innovation amazing.D.Students consider university courses unsatisfying.2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Highly valued.　　B.Equally applied.C.Strictly assessed.　　D.Greatly improved.3.The author may agree that humanities　　    .A.discover students' artistic abilityB.prepare students for graduationC.raise awareness of social statusD.provide great insights into life
答案    [语篇解读]　文章是一篇议论文,从作者在校园里听到的对话入手,点出现在的学生不太重视人文学科的学习的问题,然后从几个方面分别说明了人文学科的重要性。1.B    细节理解题。根据文章首段第二句The demands of his major, he said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait.可知,由于专业需要,现在他更需要的是实践类的课程,启蒙哲学类的课程他会往后排,所以学生认为哲学类课程没有那么重要,和B项表述一致,故选B。2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look at other capabilities.可知,现在社会发展迅速,专业技术非常重要,但是雇佣者也考虑其他方面的能力,比如创造力、想象力和道德推理等能力非常重要,highly valued的意思是“受到重视”,因此本题选A。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句话Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech business people with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.可知,此处作者给出了一些学习人文学科并在事业上取得成功的例子,说明人文学科同样也能为生活提供一些启发,故选D。
高级语块　1.happen to 碰巧做某事　2.sign up for 报名(参加课程)
长难句    It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look at other capabilities. 许多雇主寻找拥有专业技术能力的毕业生,但他们也考虑其他方面的能力,这是真的。本句是个形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。
looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don't cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn't looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and real-ized she wasn't looking at him.To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the par-ticipants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa's gaze. To calculate the angle of
Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't sure. It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is look-ing straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 1.It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa” 　　    .A.attracts the viewers to look backB.seems mysterious because of her eyesC.fixes her eyes on the back of the viewersD.looks at the viewers wherever they stand
4.What can we learn from the passage?A.Horstmann thinks it's cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.B.The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.C.Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.D.The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgement.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,解释了为什么人们总是认为达·芬奇名画中的蒙娜丽莎总是在盯着自己看。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. 可知,不管观察者在哪,画中的女人好像都在看着观察者,it's common knowledge和题干中的it is commonly believed意思相同,因此本题选D。
2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. 可知,只要人们的注视两边角度不偏离5度,蒙娜丽莎效应就会发生,和B项一致,故选B。3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa”on a computer screen.可知,研究人员想要确认前面自己的发现。make sure对应A选项的confirm,因此本题选A。4.C　推理判断题。根据结尾段的第三句It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.可知,有可能是人们想要被关注,所以他们认为画中人在看他们,和C项一致,故选C。
高级语块　turn out 结果是
长难句　It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.众所周知,不管观察者站在屋子里的哪个地方,列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画中的女人似乎都会回头看他们,用她的眼睛跟随他们。本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳二模, D)词数:481Don't put it off, do it now!Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth;we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it's too late to do anything else.“We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, we'd just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can't see. But the fact is, the less people procrasti-nate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples who don't argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.
Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We've e-volved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it's the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.Let's take the example of students' writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you'll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expect-
ing you to do—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you're not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don't pretend they don't procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.1.What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1? A.It is something many people can't help.B.It is an excuse people often use in public.C.It is caused by the technology in people's life.D.It is more common when people have small jobs to do.
2.In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that people who procrastinate should 　　    . A.attempt to overcome their natural tendenciesB.take the advice of others in the same situationC.be aware that their problem is relatively smallD.find out more about the way they make decisions3.Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4?A.They are an alternative to impossible goals.B.They make challenges feel more manageable.C.They are an effective way of impressing others.D.They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.4.What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence?A.Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.B.Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.C.Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.D.Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文,文章介绍了什么是拖延症、没有拖延症的好处以及如何应对拖延症。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth;we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it's too late to do anything else. 可知,这是人们与生俱来的、无法控制的一件事,和A项相符,故选A。2.A　推理判断题。文章第三段Dr. Steel解释了有拖延症的人该如何克服自己的拖延症并给出了建立短期目标的方法,和A项表述相符,故选A。3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed.可知,在截止日期前留一个月的时间,会让任务更可能被完成,a task will be completed同manageable意思相符,故选B。4.C　推理判断题。画线句表示“克服拖延症最终归结为要做好计划,如果你不小心,计划本身就成为一种拖延了。”与C项“警告读者不要花太长时间给自己规划”意思一致,因此本题选C。
高级语块　1.put off 推迟,延迟 2.pile up 积累,堆积 3.take up doing sth. 开始做某事
Passage 2 (2019北京朝阳第一学期期末, D)词数:430Why Mars (火星) Is New Settlement　　Is it possible to live on other planets? The United States government is taking a serious look at the moon and Mars as potential places for future human settlement. The moon could serve as a training ground for later journeys to Mars. Currently, with Mars becoming the eventual long-term goal, serious questions exist as to whether the dangers of the settlement on the moon are too ex-treme and unnecessary.One major reason the settlement on the moon is too dangerous is the difference between the atmo-sphere environment of the moon and Mars. Atmosphere is important because it protects humans and all other life from a continuous attack of radiation (辐射) caused by sources such as the sun. This radiation is especially dangerous to humans because it increases the risk of cancer and can negatively change DNA.The fact that the moon has no atmosphere can cause great harm to human
beings. Although Mars' atmosphere is significantly thinner than Earth's, at least it has one and would create some sorts of protective barriers for humans.Another important characteristic necessary for human settlement is natural resources like water, of which the moon is believed to have none. Mars, however, contains vast quantities of water ice, dry ice, and also snow. There is also sufficient evidence that water once existed at the surface of Mars and might return in the future if the planet warms. With increased technologies, the potential for settlers to remain on Mars by being increasingly self-sufficient makes Mars a much more attractive goal as the space settlement than the moon.Future settlers will not only benefit from potential water on Mars;the planet is also rich in other natural resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, and minerals, which can be well used in productive ways. For example, hydrogen can be used as fuel, and it can be combined with nitrogen (氮气) to form new materials necessary for human settlement. Due to these advantages, Mars would be a more successful planet for exploration and settlement because it contains the basic resources nec-
essary for humans to survive.Since the environment of Mars is more similar to that of Earth and it contains resources necessary to help life exist, it should be the only option for any kind of long-term human settlement. The set-tlement on Mars would not only be a milestone in space but also an excellent chance for mankind to improve itself from past adventures on Earth and preserve and make the best use of the natural resources Mars has to offer.1.According to Paragraph 2, the atmosphere on Mars would　　    .A.change the DNA structure of humansB.measure the harmful radiation from spaceC.provide protection against dangerous effectsD.cause humans to be exposed to serious illnesses2.What can be inferred about water on Mars?A.It is not present in a liquid state.B.It doesn't exist in large quantities.C.It will bring potential dangers to settlers.D.It can be easily changed into liquid forms.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章先对比月球和火星哪个更适合人类居住,相比月球没有大气层,火星上有着稀薄的大气层,更加宜居;接下来从水资源和其他自然资源两个方面得出目前火星是地球之外唯一适合人类居住的行星的结论。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Although Mars' atmosphere is significantly thin-ner than Earth's, at least it has one and would create some sorts of protective barriers for humans.可知,火星上大气层相比地球来说虽相对稀薄,但是至少有大气层能为人类产生保护作用,可知本题选择C。2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的第二、三句中Mars, however, contains vast quantities of water ice, dry ice, and also snow. There is also sufficient evidence that water once existed at the surface of Mars and might return in the future if the planet warms.可知,火星上有水,但不是以液体形态存在的,将来气候变暖,水可能变成液态。故选A。
3.C　主旨要义题。根据文章第四段最后一句话Due to these advantages, Mars would be a more successful planet for exploration and settlement because it contains the basic resources necessary for humans to survive.可知,由于拥有人类生存所必须的基本资源,火星是一个更适合探险和定居的行星,和C选项一致,故选C项。4.B　逻辑结构题。文章是一篇议论文,首段提出讨论的问题“如果要搬到其他行星哪个更合适人类生存呢”,提出了月球和火星两个可能性,但在月球上生活有一定的危险性;第二段从是否拥有大气层对比了月球和火星的可能性;第三段和第四段都和火星上的资源相关,第三段讲火星上有水,第四段讲火星上有氧气、氢气和矿物质等其他资源;结尾段给出结论,提出火星是目前最适合人类长期居住的地球之外的唯一选择,因此本题选B。
高级语块　1.be rich in富含……的　2.due to由于　3.be similar to和……相似
Passage 3 (2018北京东城第一学期期末, C)词数:467Ig Nobel PrizeHaving a meal is an easy and delightful process for most people. However, for a woodpecker(啄木鸟), it's not that simple. To get dinner, a woodpecker has to hit its head against a tree numerous times per day. Yet, amazingly, it never suffers any ill effects like brain damage. According to re-search, it is the woodpecker's thick head bones that protect it from the impact of the blows. For explaining that, Ivan Schwab won an Ig Nobel Prize. Ig Nobel Prizes are organized by The Annals of Improbable Research, an American magazine that celebrates the funny side of science. Each year, ten winners are awarded prizes in honor of their “achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think”. Most of the award-winning research, like Schwab's, may seem unusual, but it usually grabs people's attention in-deed.And no matter how ridiculous the research sounds, people can find it inspiring and amusing. Brian Wansink's research might interest you. He took home an Ig Nobel Prize for looking into the
influence of visual factors on people's appetites. He used specially designed bowls that refilled themselves with soup while people were eating. Since these people had no idea what was happen-ing, they just kept eating from these “bottomless bowls”. They said they didn't feel full because their bowls were not empty yet. People in this experiment ate 73 percent more soup than normal. Owing to these results, Wansink concluded that it's not people's stomachs that decide when they have eaten enough, but their eyes. Ig Nobel Prizes also give attention to science and technology that is a part of our daily life. Take the karaoke machine, for example. Its inventor Daisuke Inoue was employed at a nightclub, play-ing the piano for the customers who wanted to sing. He wasn't skillful enough to play all the songs properly. To clear up the problem, he created the karaoke machine. To Inoue's surprise, the ma-chine caused considerable changes in entertainment worldwide. The Ig Nobel Prize was awarded to Inoue not only because his invention was entertaining, but also because it brought about “an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other”. These research results of Ig Nobel Prizes may not be as great as Edison's light bulb or Newton's
laws of motion. However, they do show people's willingness to take action and to try new ways to solve problems. According to Marc Abrahams, a founder of the Ig Nobel Prizes, “If you win one, it means that you have done something.” 1.Why did Ivan Schwab win an Ig Nobel Prize?A.His discovery can be applied in daily life. B.His research result benefits the environment.C.He invented a new way to avoid the impact of blows. D.He found why woodpeckers could be free from brain damage. 2.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A.Why Ig Nobel Prizes can get people's trust. B.Why people's eyes decide their stomachs. C.Why Wansink won an Ig Nobel Prize.D.Why visual research interests people.
3.The Ig Nobel Prize awarded to Daisuke Inoue suggests 　　    . A.Ig Nobel Prize's inventions can easily become popular B.Ig Nobel Prize winners are familiar with entertainment C.most Ig Nobel Prize's inventions are created by accidentD.Ig Nobel Prizes may go to inventions with global influence4.What do the research results of Ig Nobel Prizes have in common?A.They are related to everyday life. B.They solve problems in people's work.C.They seem unexpected but meaningful. D.They are ridiculous and hard to understand.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖的相关信息以及一些获奖的研究结果。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句According to research, it is the woodpecker's thick head bones that protect it from the impact of the blows. For explaining that, Ivan Schwab won an Ig Nobel Prize.可知本题选D项。2.C　主旨要义题。第三段主要解释了为什么Wansink能获得搞笑诺贝尔奖。故选择C项。3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句To Inoue's surprise, the machine caused consider-able changes in entertainment worldwide.可推知Inoue获得搞笑诺贝尔奖表明该奖项会授予那些在世界范围内有影响的发明。4.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句And no matter how ridiculous the research sounds, people can find it inspiring and amusing.可知本题选择C项。
高级语块　1.ill effects 不良后果2.in honor of... 向……表示敬意
长难句    The Ig Nobel Prize was awarded to Inoue not only because his invention was entertain-ing, but also because it brought about “an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other”. Inoue获得搞笑诺贝尔奖不仅是因为他的发明有趣,而且因为它带来了一种全新的让人们学会相互容忍的方式。此句中not only...but also...连接两个并列的原因状语从句。
Passage 4 (2018北京西城二模, D)词数:446They hide in trees, hang from helicopters, even follow people down on motorcycles—so that they can snap a shot of a celebrity. They are paparazzi who make a living by taking pictures of the rich and famous. This September, California, a state with plenty of celebrities, passed a law aimed at taking action against paparazzi. The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures, from using high-tech devices to take pictures of people on private property, and from “persistent-ly following in order to take a picture”. Violators can be fined or spend time in prison. The Unit-ed States Congress is considering passing a similar law. Supporters of the California law say it will protect the privacy of celebrities, whom paparazzi have been bothering for years. Opponents (反对者) say the law restricts photo journalists from doing their job.
Most celebrities seem to like having their pictures taken when they are in public at award shows or other events. After all, it's free publicity. But when they're not in public, they say, photographers should leave them alone. Yet paparazzi have been known to secretly look in windows and worse. Actor Michael J. Fox said that paparazzi have even “tried to pretend to be medical personnel at the hospital where my wife was giving birth to our son”.Celebrities have as much right to their privacy as anyone else, supporters of the law state. Support-ers further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay, because the law still allows photographers to do their job.It only punishes them, supporters say, when they violate celebrities' privacy. Opponents of the law say it violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (美国宪法第一修正案), which guarantees that no laws will be made to limit “the freedom of speech, or of the press”. Although some people might not consider paparazzi a part of the legal press, the
California law does not single out paparazzi. It applies to photographers working for any publica-tion. Opponents of the law are also concerned about its wording. “Does‘persistently' mean follow-ing someone for six seconds, six minutes, or six days?” asked lawyer Douglas Mirell. “The wording of the law is too vague,” critics complain, “and could be used to punish almost any news photographer.” The United States needs a free press to keep the public informed about important news, paparazzi law opponents say. Limiting the press in any way, they argue, limits the freedom of all. 1.Which of the following will be considered illegal by the new California law?A.Paparazzi slipping into the house of a famous person to take a shot.B.Paparazzi taking photos of famous people with high-tech cameras.C.Paparazzi hiring helicopters as a fast means of transportation.D.Paparazzi rushing towards filming sites on motorcycles.
2.Supporters of the new law believe that　　    . A.it prevents the media from getting worse B.it gives photographers a fair way to competeC.punishment forces paparazzi to quit their jobD.privacy of famous people needs special protection3.Opponents of the new law are concerned that　　    . A.it will violate paparazzi's privacyB.the First Amendment will be changedC.some photographers will be wrongly accusedD.people will not be informed of important news4.What is the author's attitude towards the new California law?A.Critical.　　B.Neutral.C.Approving.　　D.Sceptical.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章阐述了人们对加利福尼亚州通过的一条法律的不同观点。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures, from using high-tech devices to take pictures of people on private proper-ty, and from “persistently following in order to take a picture”.可知狗仔队不允许进入名人的私人领地拍摄照片,因此选择A项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句Supporters further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay, because the law still allows photographers to do their job.可知本题选择A项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“The wording of the law is too vague,” critics complain, “and could be used to punish almost any news photographer.” 可知本题选择C项。4.B　推理判断题。作者一直在引用支持者和反对者的观点和论据,但是从始至终没有发表自己的看法,也没有对任何一方发表倾向性评论,因此作者的态度是中立的,故选择B项。
高级语块　keep...at bay 防止(问题恶化)
长难句　Most celebrities seem to like having their pictures taken when they are in public at award shows or other events.大多数名人似乎都喜欢在公众场合比如颁奖典礼或其他活动中被拍。句中having their pictures taken意为“被拍照”,taken是pictures的补语。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京朝阳第一学期期中, C)词数:393Are Happy Meals Really Happy?Don't we all know a “Happy Meal” when we see one—the famous boxed meal that includes a hamburger, kid-size French fries, fruits and milk, served with a toy that's extremely popular with children who love to collect them?A Happy Meal is a form of kids' meal sold at a certain fast food chain since 1979. A toy is includ-ed with the food, both of which are usually contained in a box or paper bag. However, collectors of these little toys will not get them any longer, since the company will replace toys with books, and each of these books will mainly pass on nutritional messages.Happy Meals are extremely popular with kids, especially for their collectable toys, when you con-sider that over 1.3 billion of these packages are sold each year! These packages have been very controversial. Health supporters believe that drawing kids to these meals with toys is a clever way of promoting unhealthy food choices. They see it as an advertising strategy of “catching its cus-
tomers young”—a move that has paid off very well for the fast food company.Child development experts say that food habits get formed in children by age six and continue through to their adult life. Fatty and sugary foods such as those served in Happy Meals are be-lieved to play a big role in growing health problems such as obesity and diabetes. Public health care costs have gone up and untold amounts of money have been spent on caring for these health problems. On November 2, 2010, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a law requiring that children's meals sold in restaurants must meet certain nutritional standards before they could be sold with toys, to overcome the problem of childhood obesity—in other words, the State of Cal-ifornia tried to ban the toys in Happy Meals. However, it was strongly opposed by some as being heavy-handed, and the ban was thrown out by the government.While some people believe that the fast food company, with its large following of children, can create a powerful message through the books, others believe its actions are contradictory. Anyway, the company is trying to spread the message of nutrition while it is serving food that is anything but healthy.
1.The aim of the question raised in Paragraph 1 is to　　    .A.give a surprise to the toy lovers B.get readers' attention to the articleC.call on readers to buy boxed meals D.make readers think about the answer2.Books will be added into Happy Meals to　　    .A.introduce the use of the toys B.increase the cost of the mealsC.help kids learn about nutrition D.spread the message of fast food3.According to Paragraph 3, Happy Meals　　    .A.have achieved the desired resultB.help the customers stay youngC.cost more money than ordinary mealsD.receive approval from health supporters4.What is the author's opinion about Happy Meals?A.They bring much fun to children.B.They teach children a lot about nutrition. C.They do no actual good to children's health.D.They are popular with the young and the old.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。快餐连锁店推出的快乐儿童餐对儿童饮食习惯造成了不利影响。1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段以及题目可推知在第一段提出问题是为了吸引读者注意,因此选择B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句However, collectors of these little toys will not get them any longer, since the company will replace toys with books, and each of these books will mainly pass on nutritional messages.可知本题选择C项。3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句They see it as an advertising strategy of “catching its customers young”—a move that has paid off very well for the fast food company. 可知选A。4.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Anyway, the company is trying to spread the message of nutrition while it is serving food that is anything but healthy.可以推测出作者认为快乐儿童餐对儿童的健康不利,故选C项。
高级语块　1.pay off取得成功2.throw out 拒绝接受,否决(建议,想法等)
长难句　On November 2, 2010, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a law requiring that children's meals sold in restaurants must meet certain nutritional standards before they could be sold with toys, to overcome the problem of childhood obesity—in other words, the State of Cal-ifornia tried to ban the toys in Happy Meals. 2010年11月2日,旧金山市监事会通过了一项法律,要求餐馆出售的儿童套餐必须满足一定的营养标准才能配套出售玩具来解决儿童肥胖的问题——换言之,加利福尼亚州试图禁止快乐儿童餐中的玩具。此句中,requiring为现在分词作定语;sold in restaurants为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰meals;to overcome...为不定式短语作目的状语。
Passage 2 (2018北京石景山第一学期期末, C)词数:387Like many other people, I love my smartphone, which keeps me connected with the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. In spite of this love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule—no laptop,iPads,phones,etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There's a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There's no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can re-late to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few
places in which we can have deep conversations and truly think over complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside informa-tion for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.I've been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect students' satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials beyond the classroom.I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but un-til I hear a really good reason for the change, I'm sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.1.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with　　    . A.the course materialsB.discussion topicsC.the author's class regulationsD.others' misuse of technology
2.Which of the following statements is true?A.The author's history class receives low assessment.B.The students think highly of the author's history class. C.The author makes the rule in that he is against technology.D.The author makes the rule mainly because of his unpleasant experiences.3.According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may　　    . A.improve teaching and offer more help B.prohibit students being involved in classC.allow students to get on well with each other D.help students to better understand complex themes 4.What can we infer from the passage?A.The author will carry on the success in the future. B.Some students will be punished according to the rule.C.More and more students will be absent in history class.D.The author will help students concentrate on what they learn.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。作者热爱科技,但在其课堂上,他禁止学生使用任何电子产品,意在使学生能全身心投入到课堂讨论中,而此种做法也收到了很好的成效。1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.可知本题选C项。2.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的the evaluations reflect students' satisfaction with the environment that I create可知学生们对作者的历史课评价很高。3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的Interruptions by technology often break concentra-tion可知在课堂上使用科技产品会妨碍学生全身心投入课堂。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的I'm sticking to my plan可推知本题选A项。
高级语块　1.in advance of 在……之前2.relate to sb. (对别人的问题、处境)认同,理解
长难句　The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly think over complex ideas.我让学生们把科技留在门外的真正原因是我认为几乎没有地方能让我们有深入的交谈,真正思考复杂的问题。why引导定语从句,修饰reason;that引导表语从句;I think后的宾语从句省略了that;in which引导定语从句,修饰places。
Passage 3 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中, D)词数:462The aggressive spread of market economics and communication technologies—often under the control of Western multinational companies—brings new challenges to local cultures and values in non-Western societies. Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milk shake spill out and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous(同种类的).For some, especially the young, change may mean escape from oppressive traditions. It may also bring new opportunities for cultures to be combined in creative ways. However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures are being worn away in such a globalized world.Perhaps by far the most important far-reaching effect of cultural globalization is the commercial-ization of culture, which has a disturbing impact on local people's existing values. They are in-
creasingly bombarded with new images, new music, new clothes and new values. The familiar and old are to be abandoned. While there was cultural change long before globalization, there is a dan-ger that much will be lost simply because it is not valued by global markets. In West Africa, for example, traditional values have been overtaken by Coca-Cola culture which the local people don't yet have the values to deal with successfully.Another common aspect of the globalized culture is that it pursues(追求) the same “one size fits all” American ideal. The result of this cultural process of homogenization is that a large section of the world's population dreams of living like The Cosby Show, or like the characters in any other stereotypical American soap opera. In addition, the dream of living a better life causes thousands of people to move to already overcrowded cities whose population has boomed by millions within the last decades. The majority of these new immigrants end up in slums leading to poverty, pollu-
tion and misery.Such gradual aggression against people's existing values and cultures has a destructive impact on their sense of who they are, what they want and what they respect. It attacks spiritual values and faith traditions. The accumulative(累积的) effect in non-Western societies is a crisis of cultural confidence, combined with the increased economic uncertainty and crime which global integration(一体化) may bring. This creates real problems for social stability, whether it is at the level of na-tion, community or family.In conclusion, cultural globalization, or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and dis-places the opportunity to sustain decent life through a mixture of many different cultures. It is more a consequence of power concentration in the global media and manufacturing companies than the people's own wish to abandon their cultural identity and diversity.
1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that 　　    .A.non-Western societies willingly accept economic globalizationB.Western culture unites the world's economies and technologiesC.the booming of Western culture destroys non-Western societiesD.despite its appeal, westernization shows an unpleasant uniformity2.What is the writer's attitude towards cultural globalization?A.Cautious.　　B.Critical.C.Positive.　　D.Neutral.3.The passage is mainly about　　    .A.cultural diversity in globalizationB.challenges to non-Western culturesC.drawbacks of cultural globalizationD.disappearance of non-Western cultures
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者在文章中阐述了文化全球化带来的诸多弊端。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milk shake spill out and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous.可知本题选择D项。2.B　推理判断题。文章多处用词及语句都能体现作者对文化全球化的批判性态度,如第二段第三句However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures are being worn away in such a globalized world.和最后一段,以及一些用词,如disturbing, danger, aggres-sion, attack等,故选B。3.C　主旨要义题。文章第一段和最后一段均提出了中心论点,尤其是最后一段第一句 In conclusion, cultural globalization, or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and displaces the opportunity to sustain decent life through a mixture of many different cultures.由此可以推知,本文主要讨论了文化全球化带来的弊端。
高级语块　1.spill out溢出2.end up in slums最后沦落到贫民窟里3.have a destructive impact on...对……有毁灭性的影响
长难句　Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milk shake spill out and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous.有时,它看起来就像一股最糟糕的西方文化浪潮正在逐渐侵入全球,就像一杯巨大的草莓奶昔溢出来洒满地球,特别甜腻,而且味道都一样,令人作呕。句中的as if引导表语从句;表语从句中,that is...为定语从句,修饰flavor。
　　There are many examples of this debate. Perhaps the most famous is the argument between Greece and the UK over the Elgin Marbles. In the early 19th century, the Earl(伯爵) of Elgin had numerous sculptures taken from Greece to the UK. When Elgin did this, Greece was still a part of the Ottoman Empire. He claimed that he had received a permit to export the sculptures. Today the marbles are on display in the British Museum. However, Greece wants them to be returned to their original location.Should museums return these antiquities?Experts disagree. Malcolm Bell Ⅲ says yes. Bell is a re-tired professor of art at the University of Virginia. He says, “Many antiquities and artworks have special cultural value for a particular community or nation. When these works are removed from their original cultural setting, they lose their context and the culture loses a part of its history.”According to Bell, a country's request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis”. It “was exported illegally, and is now stolen property”. He called the return of antiqui-ties “an expression of justice”.James Cuno says not always. Cuno is the president of an art museum in Los Angeles. He is also the author of the book Who Owns Antiquity?. Cuno agrees that museums have “a social and legal re-sponsibility” to return illegally exported antiquities. However, he doesn't support the return of
legally acquired works.“An area of land held today by a given nation state in the past likely belonged to a different polit-ical entity(实体). Even if one wanted to reunite scattered works of art, where would one do so?Which among the many countries, cities, and museums in possession of parts of a work of art should be the chosen ‘home' of the reunited work?” Cuno believes that museums should col-lect art from the world's diverse cultures. This should be done “through purchase or long-term loan and working in cooperation with museums and nations around the world”.This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study. 1.The passage mainly discusses　　    .A.the return of antiquitiesB.the sources of ancient objectsC.the cultural value of artworksD.the responsibility of museums
2.For the case of the marbles, Greece and the UK mainly argue over　　    .A.the time of keeping themB.the real country of originC.the identity of the exporterD.the means of acquiring them3.According to the passage, Cuno thinks　　    .A.artworks become valueless away from their cultureB.there is no clear answer to giving back antiquitiesC.museums are responsible for reuniting works of artD.the request for recovering artworks aims to promote justice4.As to the debate, we can learn that　　    .A.the legality of antiquities seems a key factorB.the opinions of experts are completely differentC.museums should look into the sources of antiquities they ownD.the return of antiquities is unlikely due to practical difficulties
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章讨论了文物是否应当被返还到原产地的议题。1.A　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段最后一句Now, some countries claim that museums have a responsibility to return these antiquities to their original locations.可知本题选A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句However, antiquities that have been at muse-ums for decades or even centuries may have arrived there by questionable means.以及第二段前两句可知两国争论的焦点在于获取文物的方式。3.B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知Cuno认为很难判定文物应该归还到哪个地方,因而文物归还问题没有明确的答案。4.A　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句According to Bell, a country's request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis”.以及第五段可推知A选项正确。
高级语块　1.on display 展出,陈列2.in possession of 拥有
长难句　Which among the many countries, cities, and museums in possession of parts of a work of art should be the chosen “home” of the reunited work?在许多拥有一件艺术品部分珍藏的国家、城市以及博物馆中,哪一个应该被选为这件重新组合起来的艺术品的归属地?此句中among the many countries, cities, and museums为介宾短语作状语;in possession of parts of a work of art为介宾短语作定语,修饰countries, cities, and museums。
Group 4Passage 1(2017北京海淀一模, C)词数:435Runners who encounter visual and auditory(听觉的) distractions(分心) may be more likely to suf-fer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill(跑步机), more often than not a distrac-tion is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury.Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at the University of Florida, and his team conducted a research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as the heart rate, how much oxygen is con-sumed by the body, and the force the ground applies to the runners' bodies when they come in contact with it.The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman's
team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction, during which the runners concentrated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a spe-cific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particu-lar voice.When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called the loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also ex-perienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all.“Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running perfor-mance and injury risk,” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative(累积的) effects. For example, when running a
new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to avoid listening to something which may require more attention—like a new playlist.”Dr. Herman's team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted run-ning and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues. 1.Paragraph 2 tells us the research　　    .A.process　　B.questionsC.results　　D.reflection2.Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to　　    . A.breathe heavier and have lower heart rates B.gain a faster speed with slower loading ratesC.apply more force with less oxygen consumptionD.get an increased amount of ground reaction force
3.What can we infer from the passage?A.Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays.B.Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance.C.Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon.D.Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions.4.What is probably the next task for Dr. Herman's team?A.What determines training techniques.B.What effective ways can cure leg injuries.C.Why runners use auditory and visual cues.D.How distractions should be used in training.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。研究表明运动员在运动过程中因为视觉和听觉的分心容易受伤。1.B　主旨要义题。第二段说明了该团队研究的具体问题,因此选择B项。2. D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions.可知本题选择D项。3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的Running in environments with different distractions may un-favorably affect running performance and injury risk和Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative effects.可推断出本题选择C项。4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Dr. Herman's team will continue to investigate the poten-tial relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues.可以推测出本题选择D项。
高级语块　 prop up 支撑
Passage 2(2017北京朝阳一模,C)词数:429The British love word-play and they're enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation(标点符号)of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people's love of the English lan-guage. People want to defend the “correct” use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss's book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent example of these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves” is a perfectly normal description of a panda's diet:he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma(逗号)turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story:the panda eats(his dinner), he shoots(a gun), and he leaves(the building). It's a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume
the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thou-sands and thousands of copies—it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book's win-ning secret is this:it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criti-cism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss's ideas.Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss. In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss's book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging(博客)is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speak-ers find interesting and important.
1.The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows　　    . A.a funny feeling B.a trend in writingC.a grammatical point D.a fact about animals2.The book has been successful because　　    .A.it presents the new research on EnglishB.it solves a serious English language problemC.it shows the British like to teach English to other peopleD.it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way3.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The English language was better in the past.B.The English language is being improved by technology.C.There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.D.There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Difference a Comma Made. B.The Problem Punctuation Created.C.Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes. D.Public Debate about Language Standards.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。英国人始终非常关注自己语言的正确使用问题,很多人对英语使用标准的降低表示不满。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Its title shows the way that...change the entire meaning of a sentence.可知本题选择C项。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第四句The book's winning secret is this:it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points.可知本题选择D项。3.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第一句In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions.可以判断出选择C项。4.A　主旨要义题。本篇文章主要表达的内容是英国人很在意英语的正确使用,哪怕是一个逗号的使用,位置的不同所表达的意思也可能会完全不同,因此应选择A项。
Passage 3(2017北京朝阳第一学期期中, C)词数:415Sharing BeautyIt was in October.I was aimlessly wandering down the street,heading into a most gloriously beauti-ful sunset.I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty,but it seemed every-one was in a hurry.I took the next-best action.Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lady behind the counter if she could come outside for just a minute.She looked at me as though I were from some other planet.She hesitated,and then seemingly against her better judgment,she moved toward the door.When she got outside I said to her,“Just look at that sunset!Nobody out here was looking at it and I just had to share it with someone.” For a few seconds we just looked.Then I said,“God is in his heaven and all is right with the world.” I thanked her for coming out to see it;she went back inside and I left.It felt good to share the beauty.
Four years later my situation changed greatly.I came to the end of a twenty-year marriage.I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life.I lived in a trailer park which,at the time,I consid-ered a real comedown,and I had to do my wash in the community laundry room. One day,while my clothes were going around,I picked up a magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances.She had come to the end of a marriage,moved to a strange community,and the only job she could find was one she disliked:clothing sales in a de-partment store. Then something that happened to her changed everything.She said a woman came into her de-partment store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset.The stranger had said,“God is in his heaven and all is right with the world,” and she had realized the truth in that statement.From that moment on,she turned her life around.
1.The author asked the woman to go outside to　　    .A.admire the sunset　　B.cheer her upC.offer some help　　D.have a chat2.Four years later,the author　　    .A.found her dream jobB.put an end to her marriageC.worked in a laundry room D.lived in the same community3.After reading the article in the magazine,the author was probably　　    .A.disappointed　　B.puzzledC.inspired　　D.overjoyed
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,文章讲述了“分享美丽”可以改变一个人的人生。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章前两段可知答案。2.B　细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句可知此题应选择B。3.C　推理判断题。从文章最后一段可以看出,作者读完那个故事后,改变了对生活的态度。因此杂志中的文章激励了作者。故此题应选择C。
Passage 4(2017北京丰台一模, D)词数:369“I Went Skydiving at 84!”As a young girl growing up in the 1930s,I always wanted to fly a plane,but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2001,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.But the experience turned out to be very dull.Around that time,I told my husband that I wanted to skydive.So when our retirement community(社区)announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have,I decided to write about my dream.In the essay,I wrote about my desire to skydive,stating George Bush Sr.did it at age 80.Why not me?I was just 84 and in pretty good health.A year went by and I heard nothing.But then at a com-munity party in late April 2009,they announced that I was one of the winners.I just couldn't be-lieve it.Inspired by this,I decided to realize my dream,even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.On June 11,2009,nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane.My instructor,Jay,guided me through the experience.The
plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in,but I wasn't frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience.When we reached 13,000 feet,Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane.When we first hit the air,the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe.For a second I thought,“What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer.We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute(降落伞),then we just floated downward for about five minutes.Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt—much better than the hot air balloon.I was just enjoying it.Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life.I hope other people will look at me and realize that you don't stop living just because you are 84 years old.If there's something you want to experience,look into it.If it's something that is possible,make it happen.1.What happened to the author in 2001?A.She flew an airplane.B.She entered a competition.C.She went on a hot air balloon ride.D.She moved into a retirement community.
2.The author mentioned George Bush Sr.in her essay to　　    .A.build up her own reputationB.show her admiration for himC.compare their health conditionD.make her argument persuasive3.How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane?A.Excited.　　B.Scared.C.Nervous.　　D.Regretful.4.What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving?A.The beautiful clouds. B.The wonderful view.C.The company of Jay. D.The one-minute free fall.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。作者从小就一直梦想着自己能有一次跳伞的机会,但在那个时代,从未听说过有妇女参加这项活动。在2009年,当作者84岁的时候,她的梦想终于实现了。1.C　细节理解题。第一段提到“I got a taste of that dream in 2001,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.”,由此可知,在2001年,作者在丈夫的安排下,乘坐了一次热气球。故答案为C项。2.D　推理判断题。从第二段可以看出,我在文章中表达了自己想参加跳伞的愿望,并表明George Bush Sr.在80岁的时候进行了跳伞,我为什么不能呢?我84岁了,但健康状况非常好。由此可知,作者提到George Bush Sr.是为了使人们相信84岁的自己完全可以参加跳伞活动。3.D　推理判断题。由第三段的叙述可知,我在刚跳出飞机时,感觉风非常大,几乎无法呼吸,心中想到“我把自己带到什么困境里了?”由此可以看出,作者在跳出后的瞬间感到后悔了。excited兴奋的;scared受到惊吓的;nervous紧张的;regretful后悔的。4.B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后两句话可知,飘在白云之上,看着下面美丽的景色,是一次与众不同的经历,比乘坐热气球感觉好多了,我尤为喜欢。由此可以看出,跳伞活动中,我最喜欢的是美丽的景色。
长难句　So when our retirement community(社区)announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have,I decided to write about my dream.所以,当我们退休人员居住的社区宣布要举行一次题目为“你想拥有的一次人生经历”的写作大赛时,我决定把自己的梦想写一写。when引导时间状语从句,第一个that引导宾语从句,作announced的宾语,第二个that引导定语从句,先行词为an experience。
C组  2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组Passage 1 (2019 5·3原创冲刺卷八,C)词数:306　　Older adults who practice tai chi are less likely to fall, a small new study suggests. Around one in three US adults aged 65 or older report having fallen and 38 percent of these falls lead to in-juries that can result in hospitalization, or death.The team, led by researchers at the Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, says it hopes the findings lead to more older adults taking up the practice to prevent themselves from ex-periencing large hospital bills, a loss of independence or premature death.Developed in China in the 1670s, tai chi combines slow, flowing movements along with deep breathing to keep the body moving and to practice balance, which is often recommended for older adults. There has been some evidence in past research that shows tai chi can help reduce falls.A 2012 study found that tai chi was the best exercise in treating balance issues in adults with Parkinson's disease. Additionally, a 2014 review also found that tai chi reduced the fear of falling in adults living in retirement communities.
For the current study, the team looked at 670 Oregonians who were 78 years old on average over 24 weeks. To participate, the adults had to either have fallen once in the last 12 months or have a doctor's referral to being at risk of falls. They were then assigned to one of three exercise groups: tai chi;stretching exercise;or multimodal exercise. After six months, the tai chi group was 58 per-cent less likely to experience falls compared to the stretching group and 31 percent less likely compared to the multimodal exercise group.Co-author Dr Peter Harmer told Health Day that regaining balance requires a combination of mus-cle strength along with feedback from your eyes and ears. “Tai chi directly challenges the integra-tion of all those things,” he said.1.What are old people advised to do?A.Take up a new practice.B.Use tai chi to get rid of hospital bills.C.Exercise more to stop falling.D.Practice tai chi for their good.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?A.Add some background information.B.Provide evidence for the previous point.C.Summarize the findings of the study.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.3.Which of the following groups experienced the most falls?A.The tai chi group.B.The team led by researchers.C.The stretching group.D.The multimodal exercise group.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Tai chi ends fallsB.Tai chi works for the oldC.The Chinese element—tai chiD.Tai chi—of practical use again
答案    [语篇解读]　本文讲述了一项新的研究发现:老年人练习太极拳跌倒的可能性较小。很多老年人正是因为跌倒,导致了住院甚至死亡,所以研究人员希望这个研究结果可以促使老年人为了自身的安全和健康开始学习太极拳。1.D    推理判断题。根据文章第二段“...says it hopes the findings lead to more older adults tak-ing up the practice to prevent themselves from experiencing large hospital bills, a loss of indepen-dence or premature death.”可知,研究人员希望老年人可以学习太极拳,以防止意外发生,这都是对自身大有好处的。所以D项正确。A项表示“开始一种新的练习”,表达太笼统;B项混淆了概念,hospital bills本身是没法用打太极摆脱的;C项并没有说清楚是哪种锻炼方式。2.B　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“There has been some evidence in past research that shows tai chi can help reduce falls.”及第四段的内容可知,两项研究的引用都是为之前的观点提供证据。故选B。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“After six months, the tai chi group was 58 percent less likely to experience falls compared to the stretching group and 31 percent less likely compared to the multimodal exercise group.”可知,the tai chi group的跌倒事故最少,其次是the multi-modal exercise group,最多的为the stretching group。选项B文中并未提到。故选C。4.B　主旨要义题。本题要求选出合适的标题,首先根据文章提炼关键词“tai chi”“the old”“fall”。B项表示“太极拳对老年人有效”,体现了原文的信息,并且吸引读者阅读,可以作为标题。A项表示“太极拳杜绝了跌倒”,太绝对,这是不符合原文的;C项表示“中国元素——太极拳”,没有涉及本文的重点;D项中“again”不符合文意。
Passage 2 (2019 5·3原创冲刺卷九,B)词数:255　　The Pentagon, or the headquarters of the US Department of Defense, is one of the largest of-fice buildings in the world, taking up a total land area of 583 acres. The five-sided structure itself occupies an area of 29 acres. Each of its five outside walls is 921 feet long. It has three times the floor space as the Empire State Building. The Capitol Building could easily fit into any one of its five wedge-shaped sections. Working inside this huge building are over 25,000 employees, one half of them being civilians and the other half members of the US armed forces. The military and civilian employees ride past 200 acres of lawn to park their cars in one of the parking lots with a capacity of approximately 10,000 vehicles. During the last years of the Second World War there were 37,000 people, both the military and civilian, working inside the Pentagon. In the Korean and Vietnam War periods, 31,000. The em-ployees are scattered among hundreds of offices that occupy a floor space of 3,705,793 square feet. They climb up through 150 stairways or ride 19 lifts and then walk along the 17.5 miles of corri-dors to get into their own office.
The Pentagon is vertically a city in itself, with its own police, golf courses, fire trucks and ambu-lances, as well as an underground shopping center where the Pentagon personnel may buy ice cream and cookies, try on shoes and clothes, get their hair cut or have their shoes polished, or even sign up for character tours.1.How big is the Pentagon?A.It covers a land area of 583 acres.B.It occupies an area of 29 acres.C.It takes up 200 acres.D.It occupies a floor space of 3,705,793 square feet.2.What does the author intend to do by mentioning the Capitol Building?A.Provide constructive advice.B.Make a sharp contrast.C.Add background information.D.Introduce a new topic.
3.Which period witnesses/witnessed the most employees?A.The Second World War period.B.The Korean War period.C.The Vietnam War period.D.The present day.4.What does the author intend to highlight by writing Paragraph 4?A.The functions of the building are various.B.The size of the building is huge.C.The structure of the building is complex.D.The design of the building is delicate.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文介绍了世界上最大的办公建筑之一——美国国防部大楼,也常被称为“五角大楼”。文章从“五角大楼”的建筑面积、建筑结构、建筑功能、员工构成等角度,全面介绍了这座著名建筑。1.A　细节理解题。根据原文第一段第一句“...is one of the largest office buildings in the world, taking up a total land area of 583 acres.”可知A选项是正确的。根据原文第一段第二句“The five-sided structure itself occupies an area of 29 acres.”可知B项错误;根据原文第二段第二句“...ride past 200 acres of lawn to park their cars...”可知C项错误;根据第三段第三句“...hundreds of offices that occupy a floor space of 3,705,793 square feet”可知D项错误。2.B　推理判断题。B选项意为 “作出鲜明对比”。本文是说明文,此类文本常用“作比较”的写作方法达到说明的目的,即突出该建筑的巨大,故B选项是最佳答案。A选项意为“提供建设性建议”;C选项意为“补充背景信息”;D选项意为“引入新的话题”,据此推断此三项都不符合语境。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“During the last years of the Second World War
there were 37,000 people...”可知“在二战末期,大楼里有37,000人工作”;根据第二段第一句“Working inside this huge building are over 25,000 employees...”,意为“今天有25,000多名雇员正在这栋大楼里工作……”;根据第三段第二句“In the Korean and Vietnam War periods, 31,000.”可知“在朝鲜和越南战争期间,有31,000人在里面工作”。通过比较三处细节,可知B、C、D选项中提到的时期,都不是大楼中雇员最多的时期,不符合题意,故A选项是正确的。4.B　推理判断题。仅就第四段本身而言,作者介绍了五角大楼的多种功能,不亚于一座“立体的城市”,但是段落写作意图是为文章中心服务的。纵观全文可知,作者的意图在于突出该建筑是世界上“最大”的办公建筑之一,故B选项为最佳答案。A选项意为“五角大楼的功能是多样的”,是对第四段大意的概括,但不符合全文中心,不能突出作者的写作意图,故为干扰项;C选项意为“五角大楼的结构是复杂的”;D选项意为“五角大楼的设计是精巧的”,都不符合文意。