专题05 非谓语动词 ——【冲刺2023】高考英语考试易错题（原卷版+解析版）

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技巧1 留心并列连词
1. (全国卷Ⅱ) It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ________(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
【解析】and前后为三个并列成分，根据digging、building可知用laying，这三个动词­ing短语作included的宾语。
【答案】laying
1. 1. [2019课标全国Ⅲ]On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,________________（listen）t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
2. Pressed frm his parents, and ______that he has wasted t much time , the by is determined t stp playing vide games.
A. realizingB. realized C. t realize D. being realized
3.(2019﹒浙江﹒语法填空)When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
技巧2 固定搭配要记牢
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself，ducking my head t avid ____________(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged.
【解析】此处考查固定搭配avid ding sth.，意为“避免做某事”，故填lking。
【答案】lking
1.[2020浙江]Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy t change （change） lives.
2. While regularly eating ut seems t_____________________（becme） cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst.
技巧3句子成分要明晰
1 . (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid­1980s, and are expensive ____________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。分析句子结构可知，主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，故填t perfrm。
【答案】t perfrm
分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
1. (全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chpsticks might be made f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal ____________(create) special designs.
2. Tu Yuyu has becme the first female scientist f the Peple’s Republic f China ______ (receive) a Nbel Prize.
技巧4 主动表被动要记牢
1. In many peple’s pinin，that cmpany，thugh relatively small，is pleasant___________________________（deal） with.
【解析】句意：许多人认为那家公司虽相对较小，但与之相处令人愉快。“主语+be+形容词+动词不定式”结构中，主语和不定式构成被动关系，用主动表示被动。
【答案】t deal
1. 在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，主动表被动。形容词修饰不定式。句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2. be t blame，be t rent 主动表被动。
3. “have +宾语+t d”结构，句子主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
翻译：
1. 这个人很难相处。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 这篇文章很难懂。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他不该被责备。
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我有个重要的消息要告诉你。
______________________________________________________________________________________
技巧5 非谓语动词有时态和语态
1. He is thught ___flishly .Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
A．t actB．t have actedC．actingD．having acted
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们认为他干了蠢事。现在丢了工作只能怪他自己。句型“有人认为..已”可用It is thught/ believed/ sb have/has dne...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thught/believed +不定式的完成式。
【答案】B
非谓语动词的形式及意义
1. There are sme health prblems that, when ____in time, can becme bigger nes later n.
A．nt treatedB．nt being treated
C．nt t be treatedD．nt having been treated
2. S,______ ne year f planning，what made yu decide then t g int architecture？
A．having dneB．ding
C．t dD．dne
基础夯实
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1.不定式作状语
1）作目的状语，可用s as t/in rder t替换，但 s as t一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；以便”。
T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes. 为了享受数字支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
2）作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：nly t d（表示意想不到的结果）；enugh t d...（足够做……）；t... t d...（太……而不能……）；s/such... as t...（如此……以至于……）等。
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3）作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cmfrtable, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus, surprised, astnished, delighted, disappinted等。
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着它最初的样子。
易错提示
在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
The persn is hard t deal with. 这个人很难对付。
2.分词作状语
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。为了强调,还可与while, when, nce, if, unless等词连用。
A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物,这反映出了人类的智慧与创造性。
The cuple tk gd care f the baby while ccupied by their wrk.这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。
易错提示
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：lcated （坐落于）, lst（迷路的）, seated（坐着的）, hidden（躲着的）, lst/absrbed/buried in（沉溺于）, dressed in（穿着）, tired f（对……厌烦）, faced with（面对着）。
Faced with the great challenge, I didn’t lse heart. 面对巨大的挑战，我没有灰心。
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
1）不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。若不定式与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系，且该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.我在整个会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
2）序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the nly 等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。注意:该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He was the first guest t arrive.他是第一个到的客人。
3）被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, wish, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让它（意志力）成为一种习惯。
2.分词作定语
1）及物动词的分词形式作定语
2）不及物动词的分词形式作定语
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
falling leaves正在落下的叶子（表正在进行）
fallen leaves落叶（表完成）
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.通常接不定式作宾语的动词
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, ffer, prmise, chse, plan, agree, ask/beg, help
I have decided t study engineering.我已经决定学工程学。
易错提示
allw, permit, advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allw/permit/advise ding/sb. t d sth.。
2.通常接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
admit, avid, cnsider, escape（避开）, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put ff, bject t, lk frward t等。此外，have difficulty/truble （in） ding sth.结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
｛frget t d sth.忘记去做某事frget ding sth.忘记做过某事
｛regret t d sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾regret ding sth.对做过的事表示后悔
｛remember t d sth.记得去做某事remember ding sth.记得做过某事
｛stp t d sth.停下来做某事stp ding sth.停止做某事
｛try t d sth.尽力去做某事try ding sth.尝试做某事
｛g n t d sth.继续做另一件事g n ding sth.继续做原来做的事
｛mean t d sth.打算做某事mean ding sth.意味着做某事
｛can’t help t d sth.不能帮助做某事can’t help ding sth.情不自禁地做某事
I remembered lcking the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁门了，但却忘记关灯了。
易错提示
1）动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve（值得）。
The windw needs cleaning/t be cleaned. （windw与clean之间存在被动关系）
2）不定式作动词（短语）learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。
4.作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。
be/get used t, feel like, insist n, get dwn t, , bject t, stick t, have difficulty/truble （in）; have fun （in）。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw deal with students. 我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。
易错提示
介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词d，不定式要省略t。
We can d nthing but wait.除了等待我们别无选择。
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主动关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
易错提示
1）有些动词，如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作宾补或主补。
Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
2）在sb. be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne结构中，用不定式作主语补足语。
The president was reprted t have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, feel, have, get, find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
3.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词有：see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find, leave, keep等。
I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph taken.我需要一本新护照,因此我得拍张照片。
4.使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth. dne＝get sth. dne让别人做某事；②have sb./sth. ding让……一直做某事；get sth./sb. ding 使……开始做某事；③have sb. d sth. ＝get sb. t d sth. 让某人做某事。
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
5.with的复合结构：
①with＋宾语＋ding表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；
②with＋宾语＋dne表示被动或完成；
③with＋宾语＋t d表示将要发生的动作。
The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dg fllwing them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a shrt time left befre the deadline, it desn’t seem likely that Jhn will finish the jb.离截止日期不远了，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lt f wrk t d, she wasn’t allwed t leave her ffice.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
It’s ur duty t take gd care f the ld.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
2）不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want t d mst in senir high is （t） imprve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。（不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词d的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略t。）
2.动名词作主语和表语
1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。常用动名词作真正主语的句型有：It’s a waste f time ding...；It’s n use/gd ding...；It is useless ding...。
Traveling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
It’s n use just cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
2）动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week.（＝Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb.）我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
3）remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接t be dne。
She remained standing thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains t be seen whether the newly-frmed cmmittee’s plicy can be put int practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟演练
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. My neighbrs vlunteered ________（take） care f my pet dg while I was n vacatin last summer.
2. Nthing will keep this plan frm ________（carry）ut.
3. ________（cntribute）t the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly imprved.
4. Previus t ________(draw) a cnclusin, please take all aspects int cnsideratin.
5. It is wise ________(assign) special exercises t the weaker students.
6. Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is grwing.
7. If a persn has nt had enugh sleep, his actins will give him ________ during the day.
8. I like eating fried tmates with eggs, and I thught it must be easy______(ck).
9. The cuple ften take their children abrad fr hliday,_______ (expse) them t different cultures.
10. Tm is ur manager wh is easy_________ (get) alng with.
11. I used t hate__________（tease）abut my red hair when I was at schl.
12. This is an rganizatin_______ (make) up f eight cuntries.
13. This is an rganizatin_______ (cnsist) f eight cuntries.
14. Cming ut f this experience, I realize it is OK ________(be) different frm thers…
15. It is difficult ________ (figure) ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears…
16. The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise ________ (skip) eating first.
17. Hw ________ (facilitate) the cperatin between the tw cities is still a prblem.
18. Twenty students want t attend the class that aims t teach hw ________ (read ) fast.
19. When and where ________(vte) hasn’t been decided.
20. It tk the dctr abut half an hur ________(examine) the eyes f the baby.
21. It is wrng fr yu ________(skip) breakfast.
22. Apparently, it is nt right ________(skip)class. Yu’d better nt d that.
23. Tm delayed his cmpsitin, fr the first sentence was s hard ________(cmpse).
24. I’m srry ________(disturb) yu s late, but my car’s brken dwn and I dn’t have my phne with me.
25. Five dctrs and ten nurses, ________(cmpse) the rescue team, were sent t the earthquake-hit area this mrning.
26. It is easy fr me ________(learn)hw t drive.
27. Yu mean it’s n use________(repair)the ld bicycles, but I think they need ________(repair)at nce.
28. It tk us half an hur ________(arrive) there by plane.
29. It is great fun ________(visit) Qinhuangda.
30. ________ (help) thers in need made him really happy.
31. It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.
32. ________ (hear) hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. The restaurant, _______(base) n trust, is wrking all right.
34. Next mnth the city will build a new park ________(hnur) thse wh died in the terrible disaster.
35. ________(vlunteer) gives yu a chance t change lives, including yur wn.
36. The prcesses take place t stp ur brains ________(becme) laded with memries.
37. My deskmate enjys ________(listen) t pp music.
38. Jack wants t invite yu ________（make）a speech fr his cmpany.
39. _________(transfrm) a small stage int the whle universe t sme extent, Peking Opera appeals t fans frm many walks f life.
40. __________ (absrb) in the bk, he frgt the time fr dinner.
二、单项选择
41. With the camera still ________ t my eye, I turned and frze. With water ________ ff its thick, brwn hair, the bear stared back at me.
A. held; fallingB. held; fallenC. hlding; fallingD. hlding; fallen
42. _______ Jane’s way f studying chimps, ur grup are all ging t visit them in the frest.
A. FllwB. FllwedC. FllwingD. T fllw
43. Hearing the news, he rushed ut, ______ the bk ______ pen n the table and disappeared in the distance.
A. leaving; lyingB. t leave; t lieC. left; laidD. leaving; laid
44. —Is Rachel still perfrming?
—I’m afraid nt. She is said ______ the stage already as she has becme an fficial.
A. t leaveB. leftC. t have leftD. leaving
45. Much disappinted as he was________in the jb interview, he still had great cnfidence in his abilities.
A. t have failedB. t failC. having failedD. failing
46. The utbreak f the crnavirus has led t ver thusands f peple________t hspital fr treatment, ________the wrld t be in deep srrw.
A. sent; causingB. sent; having caused
C. being sent; causingD. being sent; having caused
47. -I have heard that Ms. Smith was the first________t ur ffice tday
-Yes. But with the wrk________, she left early.
A. cming; dneB. cming; t be dne
C. t cme; dneD. t cme; t be dne
48. I am impressed with China’s cmmitment t its climate gals,________ by the fact________China has met its 2025 targets three years ahead f schedule.
A. evidenced; thatB. evidenced; which
C. was evidenced; thatD. was evidenced; which
49. That gas pipeline prject,________in July 2020 and________in 2023, will benefit several cities alng the eastern cast.
A. starting; cmpletingB. started: t be cmpleted
C. t start; cmpletedD. starting; cmpleted
50. ________ yu g abrad, it is likely that yu will have truble________the new life.
A. The first time; adjusting tB. Fr the first time; adjusting t
C. The first time; t adjust tD. Fr the first time; t adjust t
51. ________ their sn’s respnse letter, the cncerned parents wrte anther ne and had it________at nce.
A. Having nt received; deliverB. Having nt received; delivered
C. Nt having received; deliverD. Nt having received; delivered
52. Rbin, a rcket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the mst sense.句子中非谓语动词是：
A. agreesB. thinksC. startingD. makes
53. The plice fund the tw “stlen” ntebks were left in a gift bag________the riginal blue bx________the ntebks were kept in and a brwn envelpe.
A. cntaining; whereB. t cntain; whichC. cntaining; /D. t cntain; that
54. The fur cuntries use the same flag, as the Unin Jack, and share the same currency.
A. knwingB. t knwC. knwnD. was knwn
55. True friends are peple wh face extreme hardship t save each ther.
A. are abut tB. are blind tC. are willing tD. are likely t
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
56. ________(无事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
57. There are sme citizens ________(站在画廊前).
58. There is a red car ________（停在房子外面）.
59. The genuine captain ________ (承诺回来) t save the sailrs trapped n Elephant Island.
60. He has t learn hw t cllect water, hunt fr fd, and ________（生火）.
61. I wuld like t___________(表达感谢) fr yur kindness.
62. ________ (说老实话), I dn’t really want t g t the party tnight.
63. The questin is ________(怎样拆卸) the machine.
64. ________ (何时装修) the huse hasn’t been decided.
65. They didn’t decide ________(在哪里举行) the debate.
66. ________(不吃早餐)ften will have a negative effect n yur physical and mental health.
67. Oscar was crsticised by the head teacher fr ________(逃学) yesterday.
68. She stpped________ (与她父亲通信)after the death f her mther.
69. A secretary came in twice a week t________ (处理他的信件).
70. The prisners cntinued t________（申明他们无罪）。
71. Use the infrmatin t________（填空）n yur frm.
72. I sincerely hpe Tm’s mther will be able ________(让他洗心革面). Besides, Tm has prmised ________(改过自新).
73. The ambitius man is bund t __________________ (取得巨大的成就) in his field in the future.
74. __________________（我发现父亲坐在他的椅子里）, cmpletely absrbed in a magazine.
75. We managed t _____________________ the victim(使……苏醒过来).
76. I'm srry. I recgnise that I have t ________（控制）my temper.
77. I try nt ________(焦虑不安) when things g wrng.
78. She decided t resign frm the rganizatin rather than ________(屈从于……) the new rules.
79. The cmmittee is due t ________________________(做出决定)this week.
80. Yu can ________________________(相信我保守) yur secret.
81. I’m srry t have ________________(让你一直等)fr such a lng time.
82. He was accused f ________________________ (虐待他的妻子)last week.
83. Sme f them are als later sld, in rder t ________（限制……的数量）pnies accrding t the rules set by Natural England.
84. ________(为了表示我们的尊敬), we usually have t take ur glves ff whever we are t shake hands with.
85. She tried t________（把她的注意力集中于）her wrk.
86. The president agreed, ________ (补充说) he hped fr a peaceful slutin.
87. The gvernment has taken measures t ________(降低)the high prices f daily gds t keep the market stable.
88. The mst imprtant thing t the cmpany is t ________(引入) new equipment.
89. It has enhanced the quality f my life, ________(增强我的健康, 提升我的幸福).
90. ________(改变坏习惯) is never easy, even with many attempts.
91. Just a few days after the signs went up, he ____________________ (发现人们坐在那儿) and engaging in active and jyful cnversatins.
92. ________ (也许理解西方艺术的最好的方法) is t lk at the develpment f Western painting ver the centuries.
93. _______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chse t study agriculture and received an educatin at Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing.
94. The crucial thing is ________(使用肢体语言) in a way that is apprpriate t the culture yu are in.
95. Hwever, yu shuld avid ________ (使用这个手势) in Brazil and Germany, as it is nt cnsidered plite.
四、语法填空
1
Luyang is ne f the cities in China ___96___ artistic, religius and scientific cultures all nce develped like never befre. Daism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___97___ （build）in the city. This special spt is nt nly the hmetwn f China’s mst famus ___98___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and the cmpass, but als hme t the natin's mst brilliant pets and painters.
Tday, Luyang still attracts many turists every year. Lcated in the middle reaches（中游）f the Yellw River in Central China's Henan Prvince and ___99___ （surrund）by muntains and plains, Luyang ccupies ___100___ imprtant strategic（战略的）lcatin.
As ne f China's ancient capitals, Luyang was a seat f pwer fr 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid histrical and ___101___ （culture）backgrund. Its lng histry endws（赋予）it with rich culture, which is ___102___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is als well knwn ___103___ the“City f Peny”. In spring, many turists travel t Luyang ___104___ （appreciate） the beautiful peny. Luyang is nw an energetic and charming turist place that _____105_____ （welcme）guests frm all ver the wrld t explre its glrius past.
2
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seventy-five-year-ld Xia Luying is the vice-captain f a team f vlunteers engaged in cleaning flating trash frm the Yangtze River. The team, ___106___ (frm) in 2019, is made up f mre than 50 lcal ex-fishermen aged ver 60, ___107___ the average.
“We have lived alng the Yangtze River since childhd and want t d ur part in prtecting it,” said Xia frm a village f Anhui Prvince. Sixty-year-ld Ma Mingsu is ne f the team, wh has fished fr ver 40 years. Upn ___108___ (end) his fishing career, this ld fisherman turned t apply his sailing experience t prtecting the mther river. “It’s gd that my skill can still be used t clean the garbage in the river, ___109___ will als benefit the future generatins,” said Ma.
Each mnth, this ___110___ (vlunteer) team patrls (巡逻) 15 km f waterways three ___111___ (time), cllecting trash and preventing peple frm fishing n the river. The trash cllected by them ___112___ (send) t the garbage dispsal statin n the shre, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bttles is sld.
In ver a year, the team f vlunteers has grwn frm 13 members t ver 50. Up t nw, they ___113___(clean) ver 50 tns f flating waste. “We will cntinue t prtect the Yangtze River until we are ___114___ ld t handle the bat, as it’s a career ____115____ (real) deserving ur time and energy,” said Xia.
3
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study shws that ____116____ tw cuntries with the wrld’s ____117____ (large) ppulatins are leading the increase in greening n land. The effect cmes ____118____ (main) frm ambitius tree ____119____ (plant) prgrams in China and agriculture in bth cuntries.
China alne accunts ____120____ 25% f the glbal increase in leaf area with nly 6.6% f glbal vegetated (有植物的) area. The greening in China is frm frests (42%) and crplands (32%).
China’s utsized ____121____ (cntribute) cmes in large part frm prgrams intended ____122____ (prtect) and expand frests, in an effrt t reduce the effects f sil ersin (侵蚀), air pllutin and climate change.
Taken all tgether, the greening f the planet represents an increase in leaf area f plants and trees equal t the area ____123____ is cvered by all the Amazn rainfrests.
Land area ____124____ (use) t grw crps is cmparable in China and India and _____125_____ (change) very little since the early 2000s. Yet the cuntries have greatly increased bth their annual ttal green leaf area and their fd prductin.
4
Scientists have stated the physical and psychlgical benefits f being in green space. Walking amng the trees ____126____(enhance) yur well-being. But there’s mre t nature’s gifts ____127____ just the greens f trees and grass. Blues have benefits t, a new study finds.
Shrt walks in blue space can have a psitive effect ____128____ yur well-being and md, accrding t research ____129____(lead) by the Barcelna Institute fr Glbal Health (ISGlbal). Blue space includes beaches, rivers, lakes and ther areas featuring water.
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, directr f the Urban Planning, Envirnment and Health Initiative at ISGlbal, and his clleagues cnducted many ____130____(study). During a ne-week perid, adults spent 20 minutes each day walking n a beach. Then, during a different week, they spent 20 minutes walking alng city streets. In ____131____ week, they spent 20 minutes just resting indrs. Befre, during and after each activity, researchers asked each participant questins ____132____(assess) their md and well-being.
“We saw a ____133____(significance) imprvement in their well-being and md immediately after they went fr a walk in blue space,” Nieuwenhuijsen said. “It shws that peple’s md and well-being can ____134____(imprve) by walking in blue space. They shuld _____135_____(frequent) walk in blue r green space.”
5
A family dinner is an imprtant traditin ___136___ (celebrate) Spring Festival. Nwadays, sme peple chse t have the dinner in a restaurant. We ___137___ (eat) ut fr the Spring Festival family dinner fr the last three years, and we have enjyed it n less than eating at hme. I dn’t understand ___138___ sme peple refuse t embrace the change.
Can’t they admit that the ___139___ (preparatin) fr the dinner are hard wrk? I really dn’t think ___140___ is wrth the effrt f spending s much time preparing fr a single meal, and then anther hur cleaning up the mess ___141___ it’s ver. We wrk all year, s why can’t ne day be abut spending time with family and ___142___ (relax)?
Eating ut is a gd chice and it has nthing t d with lss f traditins. We still have the dinner with the same peple, just in a different place. The ccasin is mre ___143___ (enjy) withut all that tiring cking, and the dishes taste better!
In my pinin, what r where we eat n Spring Festival Eve really ___144___ (make) n difference. Eating ut may change the frm f this traditin, but the lve between the family members sitting arund the table tgether remains ____145____ same.
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1. 2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
5（2022年浙江卷1月）That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ____________（cntinue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really psitive change."
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）China's Natinal Highway 318, ________ ver 5,000 kilmeters frm Shanghai t Zhangmu, Tibet, is knwn as the "heavenly rad“ fr its amazing views.
A．t extendB．extendedC．extendingD．being extended
2. （2021年全国甲卷短文改错） ….. Their answers als shw that they dislike talk t thers……...
3. （2021年全国乙卷语法填空） …. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
Minimize the impact f ___67___(visit)the place.
……
Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim ___70____(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in wmen and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the gegraphy f BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 35．(sharp).
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 36． (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tmates with eggs, and I thught it must t be easy t ck.
3. （2020·新课标I卷）My mm tld me hw t preparing it
4. （2020·新课标II卷）They represent the earth 63． (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
5. （2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65． (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
6. （2020·新课标II卷）They are easy 68． (care) fr and make great presents.
7. （2020·新课标III卷）The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67． (find) the well-knwn painter.
8. （2020·新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69． (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
9.(2020·山东卷) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43．(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
10. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60．(change)lives.
11. (2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technlgical innvatins, ____ gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.
A. cmbined with B. cmbining withC. having cmbined with D. t be cmbined with
13．（2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
A．Having cmpletedB．Being cmpleted
C．CmpletedD．Cmpleting
14.（2020·天津卷)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin ____________ ecnmic grwth.
A．t be prmtedB．being prmtedC．prmtingD．t prmte
15．（2020·天津卷)______ us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
A．T helpB．HelpedC．HelpingD．Being helped
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 __________ the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
A. T enjyB. EnjyingC. T have enjyedD. Enjy
2.【2019·天津卷】____________ t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A. LearnB. Learned
C. LearningD. Having learned
3.【2019·江苏卷】China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries__________ its rle in internatinal affairs.
A. recgnizingB. being recgnizedC. t be recgnizedD. recgnized
4.【2019·天津卷】The prfessr warned tie students that n n accunt _____________ use mbile phnes in his class.
A. shuld theyB. they shuld
C. dare theyD. they dare
5.【2019·新课标I卷】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
6.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
7.【2019·新课标II卷】All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball.
8.【2019·新课标II卷】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
9.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
10.【2019·新课标II卷】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
11.【2019·新课标III卷】On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
12.【2019·新课标III卷】On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
13.【2019·浙江卷】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
14.【2019·浙江卷】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
15.【2019·北京卷】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】_________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2.【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
3.【2018·北京】Ordinary sap, _________ crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. t use C. using D. use
4.【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______ it.
A. t eat；t try B. eating；trying
C. eating；t try D. t eat； trying
5.【2018·天津】 I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
6.【2018·江苏】Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, _______ the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. t exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
7.【2018·新课标I卷】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
8.【2018·新课标I卷】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.
9.【2018·新课标II卷】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
10.【2018·新课标III卷】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
11.【2018·新课标III卷】Everyne was silent, wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.
12.【2018·浙江卷】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, _____ mre patients t be treated.
A. being allwed B. allwing C. having allwed D. allwed
2.【2017·天津】I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching B. caught C. t catch D. t be caught
3.【2017·江苏卷】 Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market.
A. having develped B. being develped
C. develped D. develping
4.【2017·北京卷】Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline ______ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. t save D. saved
5.【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. t spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】 ________ it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. T make
2.【2016·北京】______ ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. Ordering B. T rder
C. Having rdered D. Ordered
3.【2016·北京】Newly-built wden cttages line the street, ________ the ld twn int a dreamland.
A. turn B. turningC. t turn D. turned
4.【2016·江苏】In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message________within the wrk.
A. t hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden
5.【2016·天津】The cling wind swept thrugh ut bedrm windws, ____ air cnditining unnecessary.
A. making B. t make C. made D. being made
6.【2016·浙江】T return t the prblem f water pllutin , I'd like yu t lk at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.
A. having cnducted B. t be cnducted C. cnducting D. cnducted
7.【2016·浙江】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d with students.
A. wrking B. wrk C. t wrk D. wrked
学习评价：
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非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定
一般式
t d
t be dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
式
进行式
t be ding
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在
分词/
动名
词
一般式
ding
being dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生
完成式
having dne
having been dne
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
dne
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
ding
被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系
There were millins f peplewatchingthe pening ceremny live n TV.有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
being
dne
被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行
The questinbeing discussednw is very imprtant.现在正在被讨论的问题很重要。
dne
被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成
I’d like yu t lk at a studycnductedin Australia in 2012.我想让你们看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。