高中英语高考M5 Unit 2 The environment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(解析)

这是一份高中英语高考M5 Unit 2 The environment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(解析)，共17页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
M5 Unit 2 The environment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud. Muck. Dirt. Although we have plenty of words for it, we rarely give soil a second thought. But without soil, we would certainly be dead.Soil is key to almost every aspect of life on land, from water storage to climate regulation, flood prevention, nutrient cycling and decomposition(分解). The dirt beneath our feet is also an exceptionally high source of biodiversity: some estimates suggest that at least one quarter of all species live in or on the soil. The UN has named 2015 the Year of soils and 5 December also happens to be World Soil Day.As plants gradually colonized the land and began to input large quantities of organic matter into the soil, its water storage capacity increased. Water storage and filtration(过滤) is one of the most important roles soil plays, even today: we depend on it for our drinking water and agriculture. The water storage capacity of soil is also important in reducing flood risk, as well as providing an important buffer against drought.But soil is also facing severe danger these days. In effect, our agriculture is reversing billions of years of soil evolution and making our soils easier to wear away. In fact, half of the world’s topsoil, the most active and important part of the soil, has been lost over the last 150 years. The problem may only get worse. The increase of agricultural processes is lowering the soils quality in a global scale, and with the population set to reach 9 billion by 2050, the security of our future food supply is hanging in the balance.The good news is that if we do begin taking better care of the world’s soil we can take advantage of their carbon storing capacity, to help fight against the effects of climate change.We might not give it much thought, but soil is silently keeping us alive. By acting now to protect soil as a key ecosystem worldwide we can ensure it continues to provide us with clean water, food and a pleasant climate far into the future.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土壤面临着严重的危险，呼吁我们关注土壤并采取行动保护土壤这个全球重要的生态系统。1.What can we learn from paragraph 1?A. Soil has been thought highly of by human race. B. Soil has too many names for us to care for it.C. We have never paid enough attention to soil. D. It’s high time for us to take measures to protect soil.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句内容“Although we have plenty of words for it, we rarely give soil a second thought. (尽管我们有很多词汇来形容土地，但我们很少去想关于土地的事情。)可知，对于土地，人们没有对它给予多的关心。故选C项。2.What does the underlined phrase “hanging in the balance” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Definite.   B. Guaranteed.  C. Ruined.   D. Uncertain.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第五段内容“The problem may only get worse. The increase of agricultural processes is lowering the soils quality in a global scale.( 这个问题可能只会变得更糟。农业进程的增加正在降低全球范围内的土壤质量。)”可知，因为土壤质量下降，粮食供应问题应该是难以确定。故选D项。3.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To share a comment. B. To make an appeal. C. To give an example. D. To introduce a topic.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第最后一段最后一句内容“By acting now to protect soil as a key ecosystem worldwide we can ensure it continues to provide us with clean water, food and a pleasant climate far into the future.(现在就采取行动保护土壤这个全球重要的生态系统，我们可以确保它在遥远的将来继续为我们提供清洁的水、食物和宜人的气候。)”可知，作者的目的是在呼吁我们关注土壤。故选B项。B(2021·陕西榆林市教育科学研究所高三一模)Chemicals are a requirement to keep farmers competitive, kill pests, and produce at a scale that means they can have a good livelihood. However, the EU has banned 250 chemical pesticides, forcing farmers to come up with alternative solutions.The answer to an environmentally friendly pest-free farm is ducks. This approach was viewed by thousands of people late last year but the images turned out to be false. However, after some digging, we have found that it is real in many other places. There are a number of farms in countries like China, Japan, and South Africa that release thousands of ducks on their crops in order to keep off smaller bugs.A wine vineyard(葡萄园) called Vergenoegd in South Africa has a team of 1,200 ducks to defend its vineyards. The location of the place is beside a large lake which makes snails arrive in incredible numbers to the location. Left unattended, their vineyards would be devoured by the snails. To combat this, the farmers hire some ducks. Every morning, the ducks will slowly go through the vineyards and will finish up by about 4 pm. A full day's work may sound pretty tough but the ducks receive good payment, all they can eat in snails and other insects.The farm has been using ducks since 1984 as pesticides are not the only benefit. Ducks also provide great fertilizer as their poo is very high in nutrients and helps the vines to grow quickly and strongly.While using ducks instead of pesticides seems to be a win-win situation all around, it does have its drawbacks. Most notably, the cost. At Vergenoegd, the ducks cost about nineteen thousand dollars per year to care for. The vineyard social media manager David Badenhorst says that using traditional chemical-based methods of pest control would be far less expensive, but of course much less sustainable. Farmers are working to come up with a label to attach their products to show it is more environmental awareness.【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍为了可持续发展，对环境有利，欧盟禁止多种农药的使用。改为在农业用地养鸭子。这带来了很多好处，同时也有不良影响。4. What do we know about the images mentioned in paragraph 2?A. They were very popular.     B. They proved to be real.C. They were taken in Japan.     D. They polluted the environment.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“This approach was viewed by thousands of people late last year but the images turned out to be false.”可知这一方法去年被成千上万的人观看；第二段最后一句“There are a number of farms in countries like China, Japan, and South Africa that release thousands of ducks”则表明许多国家许多农场都养了鸭。故可推测出这一做法流行起来了。故选A项。5. Why do the farmers use ducks in Vergenoegd?A. To make it home to more snails.    B. To expand the size of the vineyard.C. To try a new way of raising ducks.   D. To keep it away from harmful insects.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“has a team of 1,200 ducks to defend its vineyards.”可知养鸭子是为了保护葡萄园；最后一句“…but the ducks receive good payment, all they can eat in snails and other insects.”可知所有的鸭子都能吃蜗牛等昆虫。即养鸭子抓虫子以保护葡萄园。故选D项。6. What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Tidied.    B. Eaten up.   C. Decorated.   D. Taken care of.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“Left unattended, their vineyards would be devoured by of the snails.”可知如果葡萄园不加看护管理，就会被蜗牛devoured，而后文提到的是用养鸭子吃蜗牛，故可推测出如果蜗牛太多，对葡萄园有害：即葡萄树被啃。A. Tidied 整理；B. Eaten up吃光； C. Decorated 装饰； D. Taken care of 照顾。故选B项。7. What can we infer about traditional chemical-based method according to Badenhorst?A. It has more advantages.     B. It’ll gain more popularity later.C. It can be expensive soon.     D. It fails to be environment-friendly.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数二句“The vineyard social media manager David Badenhorst says that using traditional chemical-based methods of pest control would be far less expensive, but of course much less sustainable.”可知Badenhorst 认为传统的化学法管控昆虫成本便宜点，但是不可持续，即对环境不友好。选项D指出传统方法未能做到对环境友好。故选D项。C(2021·福建龙岩市高三一模)Plastic, a durable material, is probably the definitive 20th century “mod-con”. It has proved attractive to consumers and manufacturers. But the tide, now packed with an additional 8 million tons of plastic entering the oceans annually, is slowly turning.The scale of the environmental problem with plastic waste is astonishing More than 6.3 billion tons of plastic waste has been produced since the 1950s, more than half of which was produced in the past 16 years, and plastic production is expected to double again in the next 20 years. Despite higher recycling rates, large amounts of plastic leak into the environment. Estimates suggest there will be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 and there is evidence that it is present throughout the human food chain. An ecologically and technologically superior replacement for many uses of plastic is long overdue.Consumers have become keen recyclers. Yet this is not as good an outcome as it seems. Even when plastics are recyclable and put in a recycling bin, the majority still ends up in landfill, causing huge emission problems, or ends up in the sea.Recycling is a complex, expensive, low-profit business. It is made harder because, although 95 per cent of people in the US and EU markets recycle, only about 30 per cent recycle carefully enough for it to be usable.Nevertheless, growing demand for alternatives to plastic is running ahead of the scientific breakthroughs. These are needed to ensure the environmental impact of replacing it is a net positive. One popular proposal—using paper instead of plastic if possible—however could exacerbates global warming, a more pressing problem.Having turned consumers into keen recyclers, governments must ensure recycling work. This will require an internationally joined-up regulatory, environment that ensures manufacturers bear the cost of using non-recyclable or uneconomical materials.Equally, consumers should continue to demand a circular plastic economy. This would be a world in which unnecessary and eco-unfriendly plastic is completely removed, all plastic packaging is 100 per cent reusable or recyclable. The waste must end.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章说明了塑料造成的污染问题。作者呼吁要确保塑料回收工作的顺利进行，需要国际联合监管环境，需要政府、生产商、消费者共同合作。8.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about?A. Plastic production. B. Life chain.   C. Material substitution. D. Plastic problem.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段首句提到“The scale of the environmental problem with plastic waste is astonishing.(塑料垃圾造成的环境问题的规模是惊人的。)”；下文提到“large amounts of plastic leak into the environment. … there is evidence that it is present throughout the human food chain.(大量的塑料泄漏到环境中。……有证据表明，塑料已经存在于整个人类食物链中)”由此可知，该段主要告诉我们塑料产品带来的问题。故选D。9.What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the fifth paragraph mean?A. Affect.    B. Better    C. Remove   D. Worsen.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。划线词前提到“One popular proposal—using paper instead of plastic if possible.” 有人提出一个提议，用纸代替塑料；however表示语义转折；由however可知，作者并不赞成这个提议；根据划线词后的“…global warming, a more pressing problem(……全球变暖，这是一个更为紧迫的问题)”可知，作者认为用纸代替塑料是一个更为严峻的问题。由此可以猜测，exacerbate意思为“使加剧，使恶化”。故选D。10.What will manufactures have to do without using recyclable materials?A. Pay for the outcome.      B. Refund the consumers.C. Abandon their products.     D. Provide the recycling stuff.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This will require an internationally joined-up regulatory environment that ensures manufacturers bear the cost of using non-recyclable or uneconomical materials.(这将需要一个国际联合对环境进行监管，确保制造商承担使用不可回收或不经济的材料的费用)”可知，制造商如果不使用可回收材料，那么他们将要为结果买单。故选A。11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To inform us of the plastic problem.B. To praise consumers’ sense of responsibility.C. To suggest there is a long way solving the plastic problem.D. To indicate manufacturers should create a safer environment【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段提到“governments must ensure recycling work.”，政府必须保证塑料回收工作；最后一段中提到“Equally, consumers should continue to demand a circular plastic economy.”，同样，消费者应该继续要求循环塑料经济。由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是表明塑料回收问题需要政府、生产商、消费者共同努力，解决塑料问题还有很长的路要走。故选C。D(2021·内蒙古包头市高三期末)Reducing, reusing and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. “Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways to recycle,” said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include burning garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste-to-heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco-friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular(循环论证的)economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a new way of making this part of its environmental policy.This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing retailer(零售商)H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面(尤其是在减少、再利用和回收废弃物方面)做出的努力和贡献。12.What do we know about Sweden?A. Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.B. Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.C. Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.D. It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. (可回收物被分为7类，而回收站距离所有居民区只有300米)”可知，在瑞典回收东西很方便。故选D项。13.What does the advisory group do?A. Teach people how to save fossil fuels.   B. Conduct a survey about the local economy.C. Make sure the citizens recycle wisely.   D. Offer advice on environmental policy.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a new way of making this part of its environmental policy. (瑞典政府成立了一个顾问团，以寻找一种新方法，将其纳入环境政策)”可知，顾问团是为环境政策提供建议。故选D项。14.How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse?A. It provides various recycling programs.  B. It cuts down taxes on new products.C. It offers lower prices for repairs.    D. It gives discounts to regular buyers.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. (现在政府正在改革其税法，以便人们可以得到更便宜的维修或购买二手物品)”可知，政府通过提供较低的维修费用来鼓励市民重复使用。故选C项。15.From which is the text possibly taken?A. A book on city environment.     B. A news report on local environment.C. A science report on public health.    D. A travel guide on Sweden.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reducing, reusing and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. (减少、再利用和回收是瑞典的一种生活方式)”和最后一段“Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming. (瑞典正在通过做所有正确的事情来应对气候变化。废物回收和转向循环经济的计划将大大减少碳足迹，并有助于阻止全球变暖)”可知，本文主要是讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面做出的努力和贡献，因此本文最可能摘自一本关于城市环境的书。故选A项。二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·丹东市教师进修学院高三模拟)Recycling refers to the process of collecting used materials which are usually considered as ‘waste’ and reprocessing them. Some of the most common items that are recycled are plastic, glass, paper, batteries, etc. Recycling is good for us, for manufacturers and for our environment.    1    Here are some good reasons why everyone should recycle.One of the biggest reasons is that recycling reduces the pressure on our environment. By using waste products in a meaningful way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. As the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills to hold so much trash. When this happens, our cities will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems.    2    We know that recycling involves the processing and usage of core elements of old products for the production of new products.    3    For example, once an old newspaper is recycled, we do not need to use the resource of another tree to produce new paper products. This way, proper recycling can help us preserve our natural resources.    4    Reusing old things costs less than buying new ones. In most states in America, it’s actually more costly to get rid of waste than to recycle. Some recycling companies buy wastes from neighborhoods for their recycling activities. This brings you extra money.Everyone can make a difference. If you think that it makes no difference whether you recycle or not, think again! More than half of the waste that each of us creates each year can be recycled, but a lot of it ends up being buried.    5    After all, many hands make light work.A. Recycling is good for your wallet.B. This helps in saving our natural resources.C. It stops humans from damaging the environment.D. Recycling helps to get rid of old things and waste.E. However, not everyone knows how important it is to recycle.F. When each of us takes action, it all adds up and makes a real difference.G. Recycling helps to keep the pollution under control and decrease it little by little.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了回收利用的重要性，阐述了回收利用对环境，对经济的好处，并号召每个人都应该采取行动。1.【答案】E【解析】上文“Recycling is good for us, for manufacturers and for our environment.(回收利用对我们，对制造商和我们的环境都有好处)”说明回收利用有好处，选项E“然而，不是每个人都知道回收利用的重要性。”承接上文，转折语义，说明回收利用的好处(即重要性)不是每个人都知道，引出下文“Here are some good reasons why everyone should recycle.(以下是为什么每个人都应该回收利用的一些好理由)”介绍为什么每个人都应该回收利用。选项中to recycle和上文中Recycling以及下文recycle语义一致，选项中important和上文good语义相关。故选E项。2.【答案】G【解析】上文“When this happens, our cities will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems.(当这种情况发生时，我们的城市将面临污染、中毒和许多健康问题)”说明我们的城市面临着污染等问题，选项G“循环利用有助于控制污染，一点一点地减少污染”承接上文，说明循环利用可以帮助解决污染问题。选项中pollution和上文pollution语义一致。故选G项。3.【答案】B【解析】后文“For example, once an old newspaper is recycled, we do not need to use the resource of another tree to produce new paper products. This way, proper recycling can help us preserve our natural resources.(例如，一份旧报纸被回收后，我们不需要使用另一棵树的资源来生产新的纸制品。通过这种方式，适当的回收可以帮助我们保护我们的自然资源)”举例说明通过回收利用我们可以保护我们的自然资源，选项B“这有助于节约我们的自然资源。”正是下文举例说明的问题。选项中helps in saving our natural resources和下文help us preserve our natural resources语义一致。故选B项。4.【答案】A【解析】下文“Reusing old things costs less than buying new ones. In most states in America, it’s actually more costly to get rid of waste than to recycle. Some recycling companies buy wastes from neighborhoods for their recycling activities. This brings you extra money.(再利用旧东西的成本比购买新东西要低。在美国的大多数州，处理垃圾实际上比回收垃圾更加昂贵。一些回收公司从社区购买废物用于他们的回收活动。这会给你带来额外的收入)”可知，回收再利用能够节约成本，会给你带来额外的收入，选项A“回收利用有利于你的钱袋子。”位于段首，点明本段主题，说明回收利用能省钱。选项中wallet和下文money等语义相关。故选A项。5.【答案】F【解析】段落首句“Everyone can make a difference.(每个人都可以有所作为)” 点明本段主题，上句“More than half of the waste that each of us creates each year can be recycled, but a lot of it ends up being buried.(我们每个人每年产生的废物中，有一半以上是可以回收利用的，但其中很多最终都被掩埋了)”说明每个人产生的废物中有一半是可以回收利用的，选项F“当我们每个人都采取行动的时候，所有这些加起来就会产生真正的效果。”符合本段主题，说明每个人都行动起来，就会有真正的效果。选项中each of us和段落首句中Everyone以及上句中each of us语义一致。故选F项。三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·湖北高三模拟)With about 100,000 marine animals being choked or injured by plastic every year, the danger posed by the pieces of plastic floating in our oceans is well-known. However, given that most of the small plastics measure less than 0.5 mm, collecting them is a(n)    1    task. Now, some Dutch environmentalists have found a way to catch plastic waste    2    it reaches the open seas and falls to pieces.The 1,500-square-foot Recycled Floating Park is now floating in the Rotterdam Harbor in the Netherlands. Scientists    3    by developing a “plastic fisher”, a floating garbage    4    device. Fitted with two folding arms that enlarge several feet into the water, it uses a net to    5    wrappers, bottles, any other garbage that floats past.The movable device, which took a year and a half to be perfected, was then placed at the edge of the harbor to collect the city that trash    6    in the New Meuse river, which rose in France and passed through Belgium, and the Netherlands, before    7    into the North Sea. Since Rotterdam’s New Waterway Canal links the river to the North Sea, it was the   8    place to catch the “fresh" plastic waste before it disappeared into the open waters and broke into    9   .The waste collected by the “plastic fisher” and hundreds of volunteers, who    10    the river banks, was then made into 28 hexagonal(六边形的)floats which were    11    to create the park. Some of the blocks are   12    to visitors, while others house various types of plants and even trees for nesting birds. The bottom of the floats provides a suitable    13    for algae, mussels, and fish. The recycled    14    can also be used to build sports stadiums, public walkways, and cultural centers.    15   , Recycled Floating Park’s success will encourage countries worldwide to take on similar plans.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。每年约有10万只海洋动物因塑料而窒息或受伤，海洋中漂浮的塑料碎片所造成的危险是众所周知的，并且这种小垃圾很难收集，一些荷兰环保人士找到了一种方法，建造回收漂浮公园，收集塑料垃圾。1. A. challenging B. surprising C. impressive D. responsible【答案】A【解析】A. challenging有挑战性的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. impressive给人印象深刻的；D. responsible有责任的。本段主要讲流入或飘在海洋的塑料垃圾危害动物的安全，而上文“given that most of the small plastics measure less than 0.5 mm”，可知有些垃圾很小，所以收集它们很困难，具有挑战性，故选A。2. A. after B. as C. before D. when【答案】C【解析】A. after在……之后；B. as由于；C. before在……之前；D. when当……时候。根据前文提到塑料垃圾对海洋生物的危害，所以要在它们流入海洋或变得更小之前收集起来，故选C。3. A. prepared B. consumed C. succeeded D. began【答案】D【解析】A. prepared准备；B. consumed消耗，耗费，消费；C. succeeded成功；D. began开始。根据上文“The 1,500-square-foot Recycled Floating Park is now floating in the Rotterdam Harbor in the Netherlands.” (这个1500平方英尺的回收漂浮公园现在漂浮在荷兰鹿特丹港)说明科学家开始着手研制，故选D。4. A. calculation B. collection C. conservation D. selection【答案】B【解析】A. calculation计算；B. collection收集；C. conservation保护；D. selection选择。根据第一段及全文，要把垃圾收集起来，所以plastic fisher应为垃圾收集装置。故选B。5. A. catch B. provide C. offer D. produce【答案】A【解析】A. catch抓住；B. provide提供；C. offer提供；D. produce生产。“plastic fisher” 可以深入水中，用网子抓住那些漂浮的瓶子等垃圾。对应第一段最后一句中“catch plastic waste”，故选A。6. A. gathered B. recycled C. distributed D. expanded【答案】A【解析】A. gathered聚集；B. recycled回收利用；C. distributed分配，分布；D. expanded扩大。故选A。根据下文“in the New Meuse river”，可知收集聚集在默兹河的城市垃圾，故选A。7. A. flowing B. spreading C. blowing D. extending【答案】A【解析】A. flowing流入；B. spreading传播；C. blowing吹；D. extending延伸。根据第一段中最后“it reaches the open sea”,和第三段最后的“disappear into the open sea”可推断出，此处应为同义表达，流入北海，故选A。8. A. central B. safe C. ideal D. remote【答案】C【解析】A. central中心的；B. safe安全的；C. ideal理想的；D. remote遥远的。此句中since表因为，这里地理位置优越，所以是理想的地点。故选C。9. A. masses B. pieces C. piles D. bands【答案】B【解析】A. masses大量；B. pieces碎片；C. piles堆；D. bands群。对应文章第一段最后一句“it reaches the open seas and falls to pieces”可知此处为pieces，故选B。10. A. wiped B. removed C. submitted D. combed【答案】D【解析】A. wiped擦拭，消除；B. removed移动；C. submitted提交，呈递；D. combed梳理。根据下文“was then made into 28 hexagonal(六边形的)floats”，可知是梳理整理垃圾，故选D。11. A. separated B. divided C. connected D. assorted【答案】C【解析】A. separated分开；B. divided划分；C. connected连接；D. assorted分类。根据下文“create the park”，说明把28个六边形浮板连接一起形成公园，故选C。12. A. empty B. blank C. bare D. open【答案】D【解析】A. empty空的；B. blank空白的；C. bare光秃秃的；D. open开放的。根据下文“to visitors”可知是公园对游客开发，故选D。13. A. capacity B. location C. exit D. environment【答案】D【解析】A. capacity容量；B. location位置；C. exit出口；D. environment环境。根据下文“for algae, mussels, and fish”，可知是为它们提供了一个适合生存的环境，故选D。14. A. ranges B. blocks C. spaces D. squares【答案】B【解析】A. ranges范围；B. blocks街区；C. spaces空间；D. squares正方形。根据前文的“blocks”，可判断推理出此处应为这些可循环使用的漂浮的街区的额外功能。故选B。15. A. Hopefully B. Obviously C. Naturally D. Fortunately【答案】A【解析】A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Obviously显然地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“take on similar plans”，可知是希望这么做，故选A。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2020·浙江绍兴市高二期末)When man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely     1    (disturb). He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface. Thus he is most likely to make the land     2    (bad)year by year. To take the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material     3    (lie)about, but such burning destroys the useful matter that the plants need to grow.In the past, when the world population was much less, man had little difficulty growing the food. When a field    4     had been used for some years became tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered.     5    (Gradual)grasses and other plants would appear on it and its     6    (product)power would slowly return to normal. But nature,     7    (leave)alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state. The length of time required would     8     on local conditions, but it might well be ten years.Anyway,     9     is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year and is man’s    10    (responsible)to find solutions to the problem of soil protection.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类在大自然中种植粮食，会对大自然造成的不良影响。指出在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。1.【答案】to be disturbed【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示“可能做某事”短语为be likely to do sth.，且balance与disturb构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故填to be disturbed。句意：当人类开始在大自然中工作时，这种平衡很可能被打破。2.【答案】worse【解析】考查词形转换(比较级)。结合句意“一年比一年糟糕”可知应用比较级worse，作宾补。故填worse。句意：因此，他很有可能让土地一年比一年糟糕。3.【答案】lying【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作后置定语，lie的现在分词为lying。句意：在一些地方，焚烧到处散落的废弃物是一种习惯，但这样的焚烧破坏了植物生长所需的有用物质。4.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词field，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。句意：当一块用了好几年的土地变得贫瘠了，农民可以搬到另一个地方去。5.【答案】Gradually【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词gradually，作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Gradually。6.【答案】productive 【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。修饰名词power用形容词productive。句意：渐渐地，上面会出现草和其他植物，它的生产力也会慢慢恢复正常。7.【答案】left【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，如果任凭自然界的力量，将需要很长的时间才能使土地恢复到以前的状态。分析句子可知leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nature构成被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填left。8.【答案】depend/rely【解析】考查动词短语。depend/rely on依靠。句意：所需的时间长短将视当地情况而定，但很可能是10年。9.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。此处为it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填it。10.【答案】responsibility【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。根据上文名词所有格man’s可知应填名词responsibility，表抽象概念，不可数。故填responsibility。五、写作写作(一)(2021·河南开封市高三三模)假定你校英语社团举办以“The way to protect the environment”为主题的演讲活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容主要包括：1.保护环境的重要性；2.保护环境的具体措施。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our environment. As a student, we should take the following measures to protect the environment.First, walking to school is a good way to reduce pollution. Second, we should plant trees every spring to protect the soil from being washed away. Third, it’s also important to recycle everything useful. We should keep our school clean by picking up any litter. Finally, remember to turn off the water taps after finishing washing and turn off the lights when leaving the classroom.In a word, only when we form the good habit of environmental protection can we make the earth more beautiful tomorrow.写作(二)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2021·山东潍坊一中高三三模)One morning on my way to school, noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest(马甲)carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws(爪形器具). “What’s that lady doing?” I asked mum. “Vest Lady. She just picks up rubbish around here for fun,” mum said. “Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun?” I puzzled.For several years I'd witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school. I had thought she was crazy for picking up rubbish. Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her. Later, I moved to high school. The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed. Then I’d think, “Why isn’t anyone picking up this rubbish? People are so inconsiderate?” However, shortly after, I realized picking up the rubbish was not someone ease’s problem.Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty. I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school. Strange as it might sound, picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact, I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw, reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it.During my first attempt in my stylish equipment, met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service. One day,I had an epiphany(顿悟): “I’m acting just like Vest Lady!”But there was too much rubbish around, cigarette ends littered about, cans rolling on the street,pieces of paper hidden in the grass and plastic. alone was too weak J How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal? A smart idea flashed into my mind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para 1:Soon I created my website go picking up com. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para 2:More and more people on vests with their own names. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Soon I created my website go. picking up. com. On the website I launched a rubbish removal campaign. I described my purpose－calling on volunteers to pick up rubbish. I posted pictures of rubbish littered about on the website,which could not only illustrate the severe situation but also show that a large number of volunteers were in great need. Besides, I shared the story of Vest Lady who influenced me so much. Surprisingly, my website gradually became a big hit on the internet.More and more people put on vests with their own names. Volunteers could be seen picking up rubbish in their spare time. The yellow vests made beautiful scenery in the park or on the street. With our joint efforts, the environment became better and better. What delighted me most was that people's awareness of environmental protection was improved. The rubbish removal campaign was a big success. Thanks to Vest Lady who rooted the sense of environmental protection in my mind, more people became Vest Lady.