高中英语高考M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(原卷)

这是一份高中英语高考M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(原卷)，共10页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·陕西咸阳中学高三月考) For years, I was in the rat race, my sense of wonder lost. Gardening was my antidote(解毒药). It gave me time to stop, listen and absorb all the little details that nature has to offer—nurturing the earth, plants and myself to fight against the aggression and tiredness of everyday working life.I quit my job and had a vision for my company. I wanted others to find the comfort that my garden gave me. Now, I watch my clients experience their own transformations. A corner that was once an unwelcoming place of weeds is a child's play area; a lonely person has an inspiring, evolving view.Gardening requires us to be present in the moment, while also imagining the future. You may see a beautiful flower and surprise for a minute at the magic of nature. Some flowers last for a day, others for a season. Some come back year after year. Seasons pass and you become connected to the changes in life in a deeper, more spiritual way. This builds acceptance.Where there once may have been beauty, there might now be an empty space and a deep sense of sadness... But gardening brings hope—we can create something beautiful again and that space will no longer be bare. Hope is one of many emotions stirred by gardening. Whether you're growing vegetables to eat, planting tiny seeds or tending flowers, there is always a great sense of satisfaction at the end of a session. How you choose to garden is deeply personal to you—it’s about creating something fruitful, alone or with others .The key is to have a vision, ideas and bright hopes for the future.1.What does the author benefit from gardening?A. It helps to develop a take-it-as-it-is attitude. B. It relieves anxiety about losing the job.C. It releases her loneliness and depression.  D. It teaches her a lot of sowing knowledge.2.What can we infer about gardening according to the author?A. It’s beautiful.   B. It’s rewarding  C. It’s depressing  D. It’s cooperative.3.What is the best title?A. Gardening for Fun      B. A Sense of Wonder C. Sowing Seeds of Hope      D. A Vision for the FutureB(2021·全国高三二模) Many black-footed ferrets(雪貂) once lived in the American West. They live mainly on the prairie dogs(土拨鼠). But when farmers began killing off prairie dogs, lots of them died, too. Additionally, the environment in which they lived was destroyed. By the 1970s, most experts believed that black-footed ferrets no longer existed. Then, in 1981, a group of them were found in Wyoming, but they were suddenly hit by an unknown disease in the mid-1980s, and their population decreased to just 18. The US Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) caught all of them and tried to protect them. All but seven died.Currently, there’re between 400 and 500 ferrets remaining. But all of them are related to the seven animals rescued from Wyoming except Elizabeth Ann.Normally, the DNA of the animals gets mixed up when different pairs of animals have babies. The small differences in their DNA can help protect the group as a whole. Because all living black-footed ferrets are closely related, they all have similar weaknesses. But Elizabeth Ann is cloned from an animal that died in the 1980s, so her DNA is very different. When this DNA is mixed back in, future black-footed ferrets will be healthier in general.In the 1980s, the DNA from a ferret named Willa was stored in the “Frozen Zoo” run by San Diego Zoo Global. Hopefully, cloning would allow black-footed ferrets to return to the wild. The idea of cloning was understood, but it was hard to carry out for many animals. The matter was left hanging in the air. But in 1996, a scientist cloned a sheep, called “Dolly”. Since then, many other animals have also been cloned. The USFWS has been talking about cloning black-footed ferrets since 2013. In 2018, they finally gave a group called Revive & Restore permission to try it.On December 10, 2020, Elizabeth Ann was born. Blood tests have proven her to be 100% black-footed ferret.4.What was the main cause of black-footed ferrets’ almost dying out by the 1970s?A. They were short of food.     B. They were killed by farmers.C. They lost their living places.     D. They suffered from a bad disease.5.What does Paragraph 3 focus on about cloning Elizabeth Ann?A. The effective method.      B. The great significance.C. The different types.      D. The potential risk.6.What does the underlined phrase “hanging in the air” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Unexpected.   B. Unconcerned.  C. Unresolved.  D. Unexposed.7.What is the passage mainly about?A. A new cloning age is coming.    B. An endangered species survived by cloning.C. The research of ferrets’ DNA was conducted. D. The truth of the extinction of the ferrets was revealed.C(2021·全国高三模拟) Few things have caused as much controversy as genetically modified(转基因)foods. A 2018 research center found that 49% of Americans think foods containing GM ingredients(成分)are worse for one's health than natural foods. Slightly fewer people, 44%, believe foods with GM ingredients are neither better nor worse for one's health. Only 5% say GM foods are better for one's health. The center thus reveals a nearly 50-50 split among Americans as to whether GM foods are harmful or not.Whatever they may believe about GM foods, they have nearly been consumed everywhere in America. About 90% of all crops, such as corn, are genetically modified. One or more of these ingredients goes into nearly all of the food products processed in the U. S.In America, all GM foods must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), which requires careful assessment. GM foods can result in an improvement of a food's appearance or taste; some GM foods mature faster and are slower to rot. So, why do half of Americans believe foods containing GM ingredients are worse? One reason is the increased interest in natural and organic foods. Another is that the long-term effects of eating GM foods, which were only introduced about 20 years ago, are unknown.The scientific consensus, based on many studies, is that GM foods are not dangerous to human health. The American Dietetic Association argues that GM foods can even be healthier for you. The World Health Organization(WHO)states that. “GM foods currently available on the market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health”.Food safety organizations want to express that GM foods are safe, but until long-term studies are possible, many people will remain skeptical.8.Why does the author mention the study in the beginning?A. To define GM foods.      B. To introduce a topic.C. To express an opinion.      D. To provide evidence.9.What carp we infer about GM foods?A. They taste better but ripe slower.    B. It’s hard to avoid them in daily life.C. They differ greatly from natural foods.   D. It's easy to determine whether they're safe.10.Why do nearly 50% of Americans believe GM foods are worse?A. The long-term influence of GM foods isn’t clear.B. Organic foods are healthier than GM foods.C. WHO believes that GM foods rather risky for health.D. The figures of the studies may he inaccurate.11.What’s the author’s attitude towards GM foods?A. Approving.   B. Skeptical.   C. Objective.   D. Indifferent.D(2021·上海浦东新区高三模拟) On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism(转基因生物), deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, com and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors.We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered. I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.12.Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as pets.B. To persuade readers to welcome the new technology.C. To change people’s attitude towards wolves.D. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage.13.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.14.What can be learned about modifying a plant?A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modem techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA. D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants, n15.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB. Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World Peace二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·北京市潞河中学高三三模)The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools.From ancient times,    1    The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant.When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. On the positive side,    2    On the negative side, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of  civilian uprisingDuring the alternation period between the middle ages and the modern world in the 17th and 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories.    3    The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated.In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially.    4    But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse(such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake.In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing.    5    But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence.As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own directionA. human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fireB. In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World WarC. There are both advantages and disadvantages in science and technology. We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyesD. they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functionsE. The positive and negative aspects increased in proportionF. However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankindG. So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·河北唐山一中高三一模)Face shape lets AI spot rare disordersPeople with genetic syndromes sometimes have revealing facial features but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be    1    given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors    2    the possibilities.Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and    3    a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They    4    the neural network, called DeepGestalt,on17,000 images correctly labeled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the Al to    5    potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also    6    the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations(变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not    7    but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are   8    and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about    9   . If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to    10    against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.    11   , Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians.This technique could bring    12    to those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the    13    of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then    14    the diagnosis through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and,    15    help find new treatments or cures.1. A. convincing B. tricky C. reliable  D. profitable2. A. bring about B. result from C. narrow down  D. rule out3. A. return B. input C. top  D. feed4. A. based B. imposed C. concentrated  D. trained5. A. identify B. distinguish C. transform  D. cure6. A. tested B. demonstrated C. recognized  D. modified7. A. acceptable B. perfect C. considerable  D. workable8. A. covered B. excluded C. highlighted  D. supervised9. A. objectivity B. accuracy C. reliability  D. privacy10. A. discriminate B. fight C. argue  D. vote11. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. Otherwise  D. However12. A. challenges B. benefits C. damages  D. concerns13. A. treatment B. response C. consequence  D. process14. A. replied B. confirmed C. considered  D. addressed15. A. by contrast B. in turn C. in addition  D. in summary四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2021·全国高二语法填空)Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned    1   (success)from an adult cell was Dolly, the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age    2    normal. When she was born, many people    3   (are)worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists   4   (praise) for their wonderful scientific advance.Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now    5   (consideration)cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his    6   (intend)has never been to create copies of humans. Instead he thinks research efforts should concentrate    7    creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of    8   (anxious), it is good news for the persons who cannot have a baby. So Severino Antinori,    9    Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first    10   (clone)a human being.五、写作写作(一)(改编自2021·福建高二月考)你班即将举行主题为“Should human cloning be allowed?”的英语辩论赛。请你写一篇发言稿。内容包括：1.你的观点：2.你的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Should human cloning be allowed?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作(二)(2021·山东潍坊一中高三三模)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One morning on my way to school, noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws(爪形器具). “What’s that lady doing?” I asked mum. “Vest Lady. She just picks up rubbish around here for fun,”mum said. “Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun?” I puzzled.For several years I’d witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school. I had thought she was crazy for picking up rubbish. Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her. Later, I moved to high school. The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed. Then I’d think, “Why isn’t anyone picking up this rubbish? People are so inconsiderate I” However, shortly after, I realized picking up the rubbish was not someone ease’s problem.Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty. I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school. Strange as it might sound, picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact, I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw, reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it.During my first attempt in my stylish equipment, met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service. One day,I had an epiphany(顿悟): “I’m acting just like Vest Lady!”But there was too much rubbish around, cigarette ends littered about, cans rolling on the street, pieces of paper hidden in the grass and plastic. alone was too weak J How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal? A smart idea flashed into my mind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para 1:Soon I created my website go picking up com. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para 2:More and more people on vests with their own names. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________