专题03 阅读理解（七选五）--新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

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专题03 阅读理解（七选五）
---2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编
(解析版)

1.【重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年试题】
You may have seen them standing alone in a farmer’s field. With thin arms and a strange smile, they stand guard over the crops day and night. ____36____
Scarecrows have been around since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. Back then, farmers covered wooden frames with nets to protect wheat fields. ____37____ Around 2500 BCE, the Greeks made the first human-like scarecrows. They added a face which was similar to that of the Greek god Priapus. ____38____ The Romans later copied this design and brought it to Europe.
Centuries after the Romans marched through Europe, people around the world were creating their own scarecrows. In Japan, scarecrows were shaped like people in raincoats and straw hats. In Germany, scarecrows were made to look like witches.
____39____ In the oldest book of Japanese literature, The Kojiki, a scarecrow named Kuebiko appears. Though he can’t walk, Kuebiko is a kind of all-knowing god. In the mid-19th century, writer Nathaniel Hawthorne brought scarecrows into literature with the short story “Feathertop.” In this tale, a witch who prays to the Devil brings a scarecrow to life.
Then there is the most famous scarecrow. His name is simply “Scarecrow,” and he appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the children’s novel, Scarecrow joins Dorothy, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion on an adventure to meet the wizard of the magical land of Oz. ____40____
Aside from these examples, scarecrows have featured in rock songs and as characters in comic books. On Halloween, they are brought out as scary decorations. Both practical and creepy, scarecrows continue to capture our imagination.
A．Scarecrows appear everywhere in the world.
B．We can never ignore the influence of stories about scarecrow.
C．They are scarecrows, whose job has gone unchanged for thousands of years.
D．They would hide in the wheat, and then jump out to scare birds into their nets.
E．This was thought to be scary enough to keep birds away from their precious fields.
F．Throughout the years, scarecrows have made many appearances in popular culture.
G．Scarecrow has appeared in films and plays around the world since the release of the book.
【答案】36．C    37．D    38．E    39．F    40．G
【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍了稻草人(scarecrow)的来历以及其形象在文学作品和其他文娱领域的应用。
36．根据上文“You may have seen them standing alone in a farmer’s field. With thin arms and a strange smile, they stand guard over the crops day and night.(你可能见过它们独自站在农民的田地里。它们长着瘦弱的手臂，带着奇怪的微笑，日夜守护着庄稼)”并结合下文对稻草人的介绍推知，空处应承上启下，C项“They are scarecrows, whose job has gone unchanged for thousands of years.(它们是稻草人，它们的作用几千年来没有改变)”符合题意，既指出上文提到的就是稻草人，又引出下文对稻草人的介绍。故选C。
37．上文“Scarecrows have been around since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. Back then, farmers covered wooden frames with nets to protect wheat fields.(至少在古埃及时代，稻草人就已经出现了。当时，农民们用网覆盖木框来保护麦田)”介绍了农民用网盖住木架子来保护小麦，由此推知下文应该是在讲农民的其他做法。D项“They would hide in the wheat, and then jump out to scare birds into their nets.(他们会躲在麦子里，然后跳出来把鸟儿吓到网里)”符合题意，选项中的they指代上文的farmers 。故选D。
38．根据上文“Around 2500 BCE, the Greeks made the first human-like scarecrows. They added a face which was similar to that of the Greek god Priapus.(大约在公元前2500年，希腊人制造了第一个人形稻草人。他们添加了一张与希腊神普里阿普斯相似的脸)”可知，希腊人制作的稻草人添加了与阿普斯相似的脸。由此推知，空处陈述这样做的目的是什么。E项“This was thought to be scary enough to keep birds away from their precious fields.(这被认为是足够可怕的，使鸟类远离他们宝贵的土地)”符合题意，选项中this指代上文“他们添加了一张与希腊神普里阿普斯相似的脸”这种做法。故选E。
39．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“In the oldest book of Japanese literature, The Kojiki, a scarecrow named Kuebiko appears. Though he can’t walk, Kuebiko is a kind of all-knowing god. In the mid-19th century, writer Nathaniel Hawthorne brought scarecrows into literature with the short story “Feathertop.” In this tale, a witch who prays to the Devil brings a scarecrow to life.(在日本最古老的文学作品《歌之木》中，出现了一个名叫“酷比子”的稻草人。虽然不能走路，但他是一个无所不知的神。19世纪中期，作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑以短篇小说Feathertop将稻草人引入文学。在这个故事中，一个女巫向魔鬼祈祷，使稻草人活了过来)”可知，本段介绍的是稻草人在文学作品中的运用。F项“Throughout the years, scarecrows have made many appearances in popular culture.(多年来，稻草人在流行文化中多次出现)”符合本段主旨。故选F。
40．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“His name is simply “Scarecrow,” and he appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the children’s novel, Scarecrow joins Dorothy, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion on an adventure to meet the wizard of the magical land of Oz.(他的名字很简单，叫“稻草人”，他出现在《绿野仙踪》中。在这本儿童小说中，稻草人与多萝茜、铁皮人和胆小的狮子一起冒险，去遇到神奇的奥兹国的巫师)”可知，上文陈述了稻草人在《绿野仙踪》中的形象。由此推知，下文内容应与此相关。G项“Scarecrow has appeared in films and plays around the world since the release of the book.(自从这本书出版以来，稻草人已经出现在世界各地的电影和戏剧中)”符合题意，选项中的this book指代上文的提到的The Wonderful Wizard of Oz一书。故选G。

2.【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年全国统考模拟试题】
When I was young, I was a terribly shy girl in regular classes. I always sat in the back of the classroom. ____16____ Each Monday I would work my way to the back of the line forming at the diving board to avoid being called to practice the dives.
However, the day of our diving test came finally. My blood ran cold when the teacher announced we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive—the jackknife (屈体跳水). ____17____ As I watched, each student seemed to perform the challenging dive effortlessly, and shortly I would have to attempt something I’d never even practiced before. Suddenly, I remembered someone telling me that when you picture yourself doing a skill over and over, it’s just as effective as physically practicing that skill. So I watched carefully as each girl jumped at the end of the board. They first added a jump for height and then folded her body in half to reach for her toes. ____18____ I think I was actually in a state of shock, because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as doable (可做的).
____19____ With my heart pounding (剧烈地跳动) and knowing I was going to be embarrassed beyond belief, I walked down the board, jumped once and then again to get height, folded for the toe reach, and stretched out just as I had pictured in my mind, entering the water straight as an arrow.
I received a perfect grade on my dive that day and an A for the course. It was awesome to think that I had just learned my first dive. ____20____ Sometimes, what you need may be just a try!
A．Then it was my turn.
B．So I’d not be called upon to read.
C．Everything went just as I imagined.
D．But I still dreamed to learn to dive like others.
E．Never underestimate your power of achieving something.
F．I felt nervous as the line to the awful diving board shortened.
G．At last, they straightened out like an arrow for entry into the water.
【答案】16．B 17．F 18．G 19．A 20．E
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了作者参加跳水考试的故事。
【详解】
1. 根据上一句“When I was young, I was a terribly shy girl in regular classes. I always sat in the back of the classroom.（小时候，在普通班级里，我是一个非常害羞的女孩。我总是坐在教室后面。）”可知，作者害羞总是坐在教室后面，下面还说到了作者坐在教室后面的原因。B项“这样我就不会被要求阅读了。”符合语境， 上下文之间是因果关系。故选B项。
2. 联系上一句“My blood ran cold when the teacher announced we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive—the jackknife (屈体跳水).（当老师宣布将对我们最难的跳水项目——屈体跳水进行期末评分时，我的心都凉了。）”以及下一句“As I watched, each student seemed to perform the challenging dive effortlessly, and shortly I would have to attempt something I’d never even practiced before. （随我望去，每个学生似乎都毫不费力地完成了这个具有挑战性的跳水动作，很快我就不得不尝试一些我以前从未练习过的动作。）”可知，前后都描述了作者期末考试时紧张的心情。F项“当通往可怕的跳板的队伍缩短时，我感到很紧张。”与上下文构成顺承关系，符合语境。故选F项。
3.根据上一句“So I watched carefully as each girl jumped at the end of the board. They first added a jump for height and then folded her body in half to reach for her toes. （所以我仔细地看着每个女孩在跳板的一端跳。他们首先增加了一个跳跃的高度，然后把她的身体对折起来够到她的脚趾。）”可知，上一句描述了跳水的几个动作，G项“最后，他们像箭一样直着身子，准备跳入水中。”介绍了一连串动作的最后一个，与上文构成顺承关系，符合语境。故选G项。
4. 根据上一段“So I watched carefully as each girl jumped at the end of the board. They first added a jump for height and then folded her body in half to reach for her toes. （所以我仔细地看着每个女孩在跳板的一端跳。他们首先增加了一个跳跃的高度，然后把她的身体对折起来够到她的脚趾。）”介绍了一个同学顺利地完成了跳水动作，下一句“With my heart pounding (剧烈地跳动) and knowing I was going to be embarrassed beyond belief, I walked down the board（我的心怦怦直跳，知道自己会尴尬得难以置信，我沿着跳板走）”介绍了作者紧张地走上踏板，因此A项“然后，就轮到我了。”与上下文构成顺承关系，符合语境。故选A项。
5. 联系下一句“Sometimes, what you need may be just a try!（有时候，你需要的可能只是一次尝试！）”可知，这是鼓励大家，E项“永远不要低估你完成某事的能力。”符合语境，上下文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
3.【江苏省扬州中学2023学年试题】
The carbon footprint shows how much carbon dioxide a person emits(排放)in everyday life. It measures the amount offossil(化石)fuels and electricity someone uses up as well as the carbon footprint of the products they buy. When we use our cars or heat our homes with carbon dioxide，various other gases are set free. _____16_____
You can measure your carbon footprint by using a calculator that you can find on various websites. ___17___ In America for example，every citizen produces about 28 tons of carbon dioxide and other dangerous gases a year；in Great Britain the amount is about 10 tons.
___18___ The way we travel，for example，has a major effect on our environment. Use your bike or walk for short distances. Public transport is a way of getting to places without putting a burden on the environment. ___19___ Many environmental experts，however，argue that it often saves energy to buy food that is produced naturally in faraway places than consuming food grown locally in greenhouses. In your home you can contribute to saving energy by turning off lights if you don’t need them or by avoiding the use of air conditioners. Recycling plastic glass and paper can also reduce your carbon footprint dramatically.
___20___ Only if we concentrate on reducing carbon emissions together can we hope to make our environment better.
A．Many people travel between cities and suburbs every day.
B．The carbon footprint is usually measured in tons of CO2 per year.
C．These emissions lead to a thicker atmosphere and global warming.
D．It is also vital to persuade others to take the same steps that you do.
E．There are many actions you can take to reduce your carbon footprint.
F．The websites also provide carbon storage tools and methods for individuals.
G．Buying local food is another way of restricting emission into the atmosphere.
【答案】16．C    17．B    18．E    19．G    20．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出了减少碳排放量的重要性，并且提出了减少碳排放量的方法。
16．前文“When we use our cars or heat our homes with carbon dioxide，various other gases are set free. ”（当我们使用汽车或用二氧化碳来取暖时，各种其他气体就释放出来了）中的carbon dioxide和various other gases对应选项C中的These emissions。所以选项C（这些排放会导致大气层变厚和全球变暖）切合文意，是“各种其他气体释放出来”产生的结果。故选C。
17．根据后文“In America for example，every citizen produces about 28 tons of carbon dioxide and other dangerous gases a year；in Great Britain the amount is about 10 tons.”（例如，在美国，每个公民每年产生约28吨二氧化碳和其他危险气体；在英国，这个数字约为10吨。）可知，碳足迹通常以每年的二氧化碳吨数来衡量，所以选项B（碳足迹通常以每年的二氧化碳吨数来衡量）切合文意。故选B。
18．根据后文“Use your bike or walk for short distances. Public transport is a way of getting to places without putting a burden on the environment. ”（短距离使用自行车或步行。公共交通是一种不给环境带来负担的出行方式。）可知，此处是指减少碳排放量的措施，所以选项E（你可以采取很多行动来减少你的碳排放量。）切合文意。故选E。
19．根据后文“Many environmental experts，however，argue that it often saves energy to buy food that is produced naturally in faraway places than consuming food grown locally in greenhouses.”（然而，许多环境专家认为，购买远方自然生产的食物往往比消费温室里本地种植的食物更节省能源。）可知，此处是指购买当地食物也可以减少你的碳排放量。所以选项G（购买本地食品是另一种限制排放到大气中的方法。）切合文意。故选G。
20．根据后文“Only if we concentrate on reducing carbon emissions together can we hope to make our environment better.”（只有我们集中精力一起减少碳排放，我们才有希望使我们的环境变得更好。）可知，此处是号召人们一起行动起来。所以选项D（说服别人采取和你一样的措施也是至关重要的。）切合文意。故选D。
4.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题 】
How to stop glasses fogging up with a face mask
Wearing a mask keeps you safe during the pandemic, but it comes with its own set of challenges. And, one of the biggest drawbacks of wearing a mask is how much your glasses fog up and affect your vision. Taking off your glasses to wipe them clean each time they fog up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. ____36____Here are some tricks to stop it.
Twist your mask strings.
From the side, once you twist it, the strings will look like the figure eight. This is great for stopping fogging because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask. ____37____. This may leave you infected by virus.
Wash your glasses with soap.
If you wash your glasses with soap, this creates a thin film on your lenses which limits fogging. Use a fragrance-free soap and mix it with warm water. ____38____ , and let them air dry. When you wear your glasses next, soap molecules on your lenses should block fogging.
Use tissues.
You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask. ____39____To do this DIY trick properly, you should fold a tissue in half and place the straight edge along the bridge of your nose.
Change the position of your masks and glasses.
____40____ But if you do this there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask still covers your chin (下巴) after you pull it up. And, if your prescription (解决方案) is stronger, this trick could impact your vision and cause increased blurriness (模糊强度).
A．Put your glasses in it
B．Wash your glasses with a soap
C．It will help catch air and damp, keeping your glasses free of fog
D．So the key is to prevent or minimize fogging due to face masks
E．Cover your chin with masks to prevent the need for re-positioning when talking
F．Though, it’s worth noting that it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face
G．Pull up your mask and draw your glasses down, blocking your breath from rising upwards

【答案】36．D    37．F    38．A    39．C    40．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在人们都需要戴口罩防止疫情感染，但是戴口罩的最大缺点之一是眼镜会起雾，影响视力。文章对如何防止戴口罩眼镜起雾提出了几点方法。
36．根据标题“How to stop glasses fogging up with a face mask(如何防止戴口罩眼镜起雾)”和前文“Taking off your glasses to wipe them clean each time they fog up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. (每次起雾时摘下眼镜擦拭干净不仅令人沮丧，而且还会增加感染风险。)”可知，此处是讲要防止口罩引起的雾气，所以选项D“因此，关键是防止或尽量减少口罩引起的雾气”切合文意。故选D。
37．根据后文“This may leave you infected by virus.(这可能会让你感染病毒。)”和前文“This is great for stopping fogging because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask(这是防止起雾的好方法，因为它通过在口罩顶部施加轻微的向下压力来改变你的呼吸方向)”可知，前后构成转折关系，对应选项F中的though，后文中的this是指选项F中的“it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face”，所以选项F“不过，值得注意的是，它确实在口罩和你的脸之间产生了一个微小的间隙”切合文意。故选F。
38．根据前文“Use a fragrance-free soap and mix it with warm water.(使用无香味的肥皂，并将其与温水混合。)”和后文“and let them air dry(让它们风干)”可知，此处是指将眼镜放在肥皂水里，所以选项A“把你的眼镜放进去”切合文意。故选A。
39．根据前文“You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask. (你可以在口罩的顶部放一张纸巾。)”和后文“To do this DIY trick properly, you should fold a tissue in half and place the straight edge along the bridge of your nose.(要正确地DIY这个技巧，你应该把一张纸巾对折，沿鼻梁放置直边。)”可知，此处是讲放置纸巾的好处，所以选项C“它将有助于吸收空气和湿气，使您的眼镜免受雾”切合文意。故选C。
40．根据小标题“Change the position of your masks and glasses.(改变口罩和眼镜的位置。)”和后文“Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask still covers your chin (下巴) after you pull it up.(首先，你需要确保你的口罩拉起后仍然覆盖着你的下巴。)”可知，此处是指把口罩拉上去，把眼镜拉下来。所以选项G“拉起口罩，放下眼镜，阻挡呼吸上升”切合文意。故选G。
5.【湖南省长沙市一中2022-2023学年高三试题】
The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brother and I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meant was not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes but that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. That was not so bad—what really troubled me was that before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles. ____36____ Anyway, who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool?
First we had to read about ancient Egyptians and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. ____37____ Later we had to learn about artists in the Middle Ages who painted people wearing strange long clothing. We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. ____38____
On our last visit to the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. ____39____ The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother’s expression how happy she was just to be with the child. I could hardly take my eyes away from that painting! ____40____ It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much.
A．In it, a woman was reading to a child.
B．That felt almost as bad as being in school.
C．The two paintings were so similar to each other!
D．I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made!
E．I was immediately attracted by the strange way of painting faces.
F．Staring at those pictures, I still couldn’t see what was so great about art.
G．Unusual styles of art always attracted my brother, but I was not interested.

【答案】36．B    37．G    38．F    39．A    40．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候妈妈为了培养孩子对艺术的兴趣而带他和弟弟去博物馆，作者从一开始不感兴趣到看了玛丽的画对绘画感兴趣起来。
36．上文“what really troubled me was that before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles. (真正让我困扰的是，每次参观博物馆之前，她都让我们阅读有关艺术家和绘画风格的书籍。)” 可知，谈论的是作者对妈妈这一行为的看法。B项“那种感觉几乎和在学校里一样糟糕”也表达了作者的感受，符合文意，that指代前文妈妈让作者和弟弟了解艺术家和绘画风格这种做法。故选B项。
37．上文“First we had to read about ancient Egyptians and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. (首先，我们必须阅读有关古埃及人和他们画脸的奇怪方式，然后去博物馆看它们。)”可知，空处谈论的是作者对这种奇怪艺术风格的看法。G项“不同寻常的艺术风格总是吸引着我和弟弟，但我并不感兴趣。”承接前一句，符合题意；其中Unusual styles和上文strange way近义复现。故选G项。
38．上文“We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. (我们不得不看那些长着翅膀、头发卷卷、没穿衣服的胖婴儿在画的边缘飞来飞去的画作。)”可知，空处描述的是作者对这些画作的看法。F项“盯着那些图画，我还是看不出艺术有什么了不起的地方”符合文意，且those pictures与前文的pictures of fat babies相一致。故选F项。
39．上文“On our last visit to the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. (在我们上次参观博物馆时，当我看到一个叫玛丽的女人画的一幅画时，发生了一些事情。)”提到一幅画，下文“The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother’s expression how happy she was just to be with the child.(色彩柔和，从母亲的表情就能看出她和孩子在一起是多么快乐。)”提到画里的内容。由此可以推出，空处也应该是在介绍画的内容。A项“在这幅画中，一个女人正在给一个孩子读书。”承上启下，符合文章结构。故选A项。
40．上文“I could hardly take my eyes away from that painting! (我的眼睛几乎无法从那幅画上移开！)”和空后“It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much.(为了找到一位让我如此感兴趣的画家，看了这么多画真的很值得。)”可知，作者喜欢上了玛丽的画作。D项“我想看看玛丽的每一幅画！”，符合文意。故选D项。
6.【湖北省高中名校联合体2023年诊断试题】
Do Actions Speak Louder than Words?
Our society is fast paced. We are all rushing from one place to the next, blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights. We don't have time for that silliness today. But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow. It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words. ___16___
Have you ever really thought about the saying “Actions speak louder than words”? Think about it now. If you say one thing and act in an opposite way, will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered? I don’t think so. ___17___ It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation, love, approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug, pat on the back or smile.
___18___ What about that saying? True? Yes! Words carry a lot of weight and will be remembered for years especially when they are written down. Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime. I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment. ___19___ Let’s not be a member of that “club”. When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate’s coat pocket? If you want to see a bright smile, that will do it! The power of this written note will be remembered for many days, even years.
“I can live for two months on a good compliment(夸奖)”, said Mark Twain. Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood. ___20___ A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child. “I noticed that your hair looked very nice today.” “Did you hang your coat up all by yourself?” It is amazing how those few words can change a child's outlook... almost immediately. Don’t stop there... One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words －“I love you”! Boy, that put a spring in my step! Mark Twain is right. I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words.
A．The pen is more powerful than the sword.
B．Is it really reasonable to do something like that?
C．Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?
D．It is important to have your words match your actions.
E．Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.
F．Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.
G．Don’t be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.

【答案】16．C    17．D    18．A    19．F    20．G
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。通过一系列的说明，解释了文字，语言的重要性以及对人的影响。作者告诉我们语言对人们有终生的影响，因此我们要鼓励赞美孩子，不要使用刻薄的话讽刺挖苦孩子。
16．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据第一段最后一句中"It is time to take a few deep breaths
and think about our actions and our words．"（到了该好好考虑我们的行为和言语的时候了。）与选项C中的"they"对应可知。因此C选项切题。Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?“它们（我们的行为和言语）传达了我们想要表达的态度了吗？”。故选C。
17．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据此空后"It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation"和选项D中"It is important"对应可知D项切题。It is important to have your words match your actions.“使你的言行与行为相符这很重要”。故选D。
18．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。后句What about that saying?（这一谚语怎么样？）提到的saying既是指The pen is more powerful than the sword.（笔杆子比宝剑还要锋利），文章中的"Words carry a lot of weight"也解释了这一谚语的含义。故选A。
19．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。上句I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment.（我确信每个人都记得有时候，某个朋友会做出不友善的评论。）提到的made an unkind comment"与选项F中的"Those words"对应。因此F选项切题。Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.这些话语会对你和你们之间的关系造成持久的伤害。故选F。
20．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。由最后一段讲述了赞美的重要性可知空格处应该与鼓励赞美相关，从段落中"I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words．"和"I can live for two months on a good compliment（夸奖）"也能看出G选项切题。Don’t be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.“不要害怕把鼓励的语言如雨般倾注在孩子身上”。故选G。

7.【河北省廊坊一中2022-2023学年试题】
Ways to Always Be Yourself and Live Happily
Don’t aim to please others. ____16____ This is why you shouldn’t please others but yourself. Pleasing others can be a nice thing to do, but know where your boundaries are. Instead of always aiming to please others, you should do things for yourself as well every now and then.
Don’t worry about how others view you. Occasionally thinking about how others view you may make you change for the better. ____17____ You should change if you want to, and change into what or who you want to change into.
____18____ Do you know who you really are? Ever since you were young, you have been conditioned to be one way or another. It may be unusual just to spend a day being your spontaneous(自然的)self, but sometimes it is the only way that you can learn how to be yourself.
Forgive yourself. Forgive yourself for thinking negatively. Forgive yourself for talking without thinking twice. Don’t think negative thoughts about yourself for taking wrong steps or making wrong decisions. This kind of thinking puts your focus on the problem and not the solution. It’s better to say good thing about yourself than to say negative things. ____19____
Strive for what you want to accomplish. Being yourself does not have to mean that you have to be stuck in the status quo(现状). ____20____ And strive for that accomplishment. You can improve yourself while still remaining true to yourself.
A．Learn more about yourself.
B．Aim for what you want to achieve.
C．Stop being negative about yourself.
D．Saying positive things is a sign that you have forgiven yourself.
E．Committing to something and working toward it will lead to happiness.
F．But you should not be constantly wondering about what others are thinking.
G．There is a problem if you are always doing what everyone else wants to do.
【答案】16．G    17．F    18．A    19．D    20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种永远做自己，快乐生活的方法。
16．上文“Don’t aim to please others.”（不要以取悦他人为目标。）引出话题，提出不要以取悦他人为目标，以及下文“This is why you shouldn’t please others but yourself.”（这就是为什么你不应该取悦别人，而应该取悦自己。）说明结果。故可推断空格处内容为不要以取悦他人为目标的原因。结合选项G项There is a problem if you are always doing what everyone else wants to do.（如果你总是做别人都想做的事，那就有问题了。）符合此推断，为说明不要以取悦他人为目标的原因。故选G项。
17．上文“Occasionally thinking about how others view you may make you change for the better.”（偶尔想想别人对你的看法可能会让你变得更好。），下文“You should change if you want to, and change into what or who you want to change into.”（如果你想改变的话，你应该改变，改变成你想改变的什么或谁。）结合选项F项But you should not be constantly wondering about what others are thinking.（但你不应该总是想知道别人在想什么。）和上文内容衔接，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时起到引起下文的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
18．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段的内容。该段下文“Do you know who you really are? Ever since you were young, you have been conditioned to be one way or another. It may be unusual just to spend a day being your spontaneous self, but sometimes it is the only way that you can learn how to be yourself.”（你知道你到底是谁吗？从你年轻的时候起，你就被这样或那样的方式所制约。花一天时间做你自己可能不太寻常，但有时这是你学会如何做自己的唯一方法。）可知，讲的是要更多的了解自己。结合选项A项Learn more about yourself.（更多地了解自己。）意思一致，为总结该段的内容。故选A项。
19．由该段标题“Forgive yourself.”（原谅自己。）以及上文“It’s better to say good thing about yourself than to say negative things.”（说自己的好话总比说自己的坏话要好。）说明要积极的去看待问题。结合选项D项Saying positive things is a sign that you have forgiven yourself.（说一些积极的事情是你原谅自己的标志。）可知，和该段标题呼应，也是对上文内容的递进和补充。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
20．根据该段标题上文“Strive for what you want to accomplish.”（为你想要完成的事情而努力。）说明为你想要完成的事情而努力。以及下文“And strive for that accomplishment.”（并为之奋斗。）说明努力。结合选项B项Aim for what you want to achieve.（以你想要达到的目标为目标。）和该段标题呼应，下文是对空格处内容的递进，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。

8.【广东省深圳市中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
Helen Keller once wrote, “The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves.” ____16____ The UN has set December 5 as International Volunteers Day to give recognition to these people.
Nineteen-year-old Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania. It was coming up to spring break, but unlike his classmates, Makhoul wasn’t planning on spending the break relaxing. ____17____
He traveled to Guatemala. He went to an orphanage in one of the most violent and poor parts of Guatemala City. It depends upon volunteers to stay open. Although he didn’t speak much Spanish, he found communication wasn’t a problem: ____18____ And what he gave out, he got back: “You could see love when you looked in their eyes.”
Makhoul’s first time as a volunteer only lasted a week, but by the end of that week, he knew he’d be back in the future.
____19____ The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer. As part of the UN’s Aid and Hope Programme for Patient Care, the women have been volunteering their time to create low-cost breast prosthetics (假体) to be distributed to women for free, among whom Shahd El-Swerki is a brilliant example. ____20____ By the end of her time there, she admired these women who are “not only survivors but also volunteers”.
About 2,400 years ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle said, “The essence of life is to serve others and do good.” Volunteers all around the world are making these words come true, each and every day.
A．“You communicated with love.”
B．She volunteered in curing thousands of women.
C．She worked with the women as part of the programme.
D．Unexpectedly, volunteers benefit from their experiences.
E．Sometimes, volunteers themselves live with huge challenges.
F．He decided to spend his time doing something useful for people.
G．These words certainly prove true for the millions of volunteers all over the world.

【答案】16．G    17．F    18．A    19．E    20．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一名19岁的宾夕法尼亚大学传播学专业的学生Andrew Makhoul在世界各地做志愿者的故事。
16．上文“The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves. ””（“无私地努力给别人带来快乐，将是我们自己更幸福生活的开始。”）为海伦·凯勒说的话。结合选项G项These words certainly prove true for the millions of volunteers all over the world.（这些话对世界各地数百万的志愿者来说无疑是正确的。）可知，该句中的“这些话”就是指的上文所说的话。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
17．上文“It was coming up to spring break, but unlike his classmates, Makhoul wasn’t planning on spending the break relaxing.”（春假即将来临，但与他的同学不同，Makhoul不打算在假期放松。）以及下文“He traveled to Guatemala.”（他去了危地马拉。）故可推断空格处内容为他决定把时间花在做其他事情上面。结合选项F项He decided to spend his time doing something useful for people.（他决定把时间花在对人们有用的事情上。）符合此推断，是对上文内容的递进，也是引起下文。起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选F项。
18．上文“Although he didn’t speak much Spanish, he found communication wasn’t a problem:”（虽然他不太会说西班牙语，但他发现沟通不是问题）说明沟通不是问题，下文“And what he gave out, he got back: “You could see love when you looked in their eyes.””（他付出了什么，就会得到什么：“当你看着他们的眼睛时，你能看到爱。）提到了“爱”。结合选项A项“You communicated with love.”（“你用爱交流。”）可知，为上文的解决方法。也和下文内容一致，都提到了爱。上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
19．根据下文“The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer.”（联合国强调了患乳腺癌的巴勒斯坦妇女的情况。）引出话题，提到联合国强调的问题。以及“As part of the UN’s Aid and Hope Programme for Patient Care, the women have been volunteering their time to create low-cost breast prosthetics to be distributed to women for free,”（作为联合国“援助与希望病人护理计划”的一部分，这些女性自愿花时间制作低成本的乳房假体，免费分发给女性）可知，为志愿者面临的挑战。结合选项E项Sometimes, volunteers themselves live with huge challenges.（有时候，志愿者自己也面临着巨大的挑战。）意思一致，为总结该部分内容。故选E项。
20．根据下文“By the end of her time there, she admired these women who are “not only survivors but also volunteers”.”（在那里工作的最后，她钦佩这些女性，她们“不仅是幸存者，也是志愿者”。）可知，讲的是主人公Makhoul在这个项目工作。结合选项C项She worked with the women as part of the programme.（作为该项目的一部分，她与这些妇女一起工作。）和下文内容相关，下文是该空格处内容的补充。上下文语意连贯。故选C项。

9.【福建省福州一中模拟】
Avoid These Mistakes in Your Social Interaction
Breaking into an existing conversation
Timing is everything. If you see two or more people actively engaged in conversation, they’re probably not ready for you to cut in. First, wait for a rest. ____17____, that’s your chance.
Starting talking without having something to say
If someone appears distant or lost in thought, moving into their personal space and saying “hello” is hardly a way to start a conversation. Try asking permission (e.g., “Excuse me, do you mind if I ask you something?”) and make sure you have a fully formed question or comment in mind (e.g., “Are you having a good time?”). ____18____.
Bringing up controversial(有争议的) topics
If you’re talking to someone new, it’s generally best not to talk about weighty or of-putting topics. ____19____ Maybe it’s the music you’re both hearing, or the food you’re both tasting.
____20____
Once you’ve made a connection with each other, keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand. If you speak different languages, for example, slow your speech and pronounce clearly. If they ask you what you do for work, don’t use a lot of technical expressions.
Talking too much about yourself - or about the other person
It’s often said that people love to talk about themselves, and that asking questions is the secret to good conversations. ____21____. Nobody likes to feel interrogated(审问), so if you sense that questions aren’t welcome, back off.
A．Being hard to follow
B．Making too much connection
C．But that’s not true for everyone
D．They will lead to a deeper interaction
E．Then once you have someone’s attention or receive a nonverbal go-ahead
F．Aim for something simple that you and the other person can observe together
G．It’s all about creating a comfortable opportunity for the other person to respond
【答案】17．E    18．G    19．F    20．A    21．C
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在社交中要避免犯的一些错误。
1.由上文“First, wait for a rest.”(首先，等着休息时)可知，当别人正在交谈时，你首先做的是等待，结合空后“that’s your chance.”(那是你的机会)可知，空处应该是描写等待之后，你需要做什么能和别人开始交谈，E选项“Then once you have someone’s attention or receive a nonverbal go-ahead”(然后一旦你引起了别人的注意，或者收到了一个非语言的请求)符合语境，引起下文，故选E。
2.由上文“If someone appears distant or lost in thought, moving into their personal space and saying “hello” is hardly a way to start a conversation. Try asking permission (e.g., “Excuse me, do you mind if I ask you something?”) and make sure you have a fully formed question or comment in mind (e.g., “Are you having a good time?”).”(如果某人看起来离你很远，或者某人正在陷入了沉思，那么进入他的私人空间并说“你好”，这不是开始谈话的方式。试着征求许可(例如:“对不起，我能问你一些事情吗？”)，确保你脑子里有一个完整的问题或评论(例如，“你玩得开心吗？”))可知，此处描写了开始谈话前，你要有所准备，由此可以推断出，空处应该是描写你这样做的好处，G选项“I’s all about creating a comfortable opportunity for the other person to respond”(这只是为对方创造一个舒适的回应机会)符合，对上文做出总结，故选G。
3.由上文“If you’re talking to someone new, it’s generally best not to talk about weighty or of-putting topics.”(如果你和一个陌生人谈话，最好不要谈论有分量的话题)可知，此处指出不要和陌生人谈一些有分量的话题，结合下文“Maybe it’s the music you’re both hearing, or the food you’re both tasting.”(也许是你们都在听的音乐，或者是你们都在品尝的食物)可知，空后指出要谈论简单话题的具体做法，由此可以推断出，空处应该是指出要谈论简单话题，F选项“Aim for something simple that you and the other person can observe together”(以一些简单的，你和其他人都能观察到的东西为目标)符合，引起下文，故选F。
4.分析文章结构可知，每一段前面有一个小标题，描写的是你在社交中可能会犯的一个错误，根据本段内容“Once you’ve made a connection with each other, keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand. If you speak different languages, for. example, slow your speech and pronounce clearly. If they ask you what you do for work, don’t use a lot of technical expressions.”(一旦你们彼此建立了联系，通过让自己更容易理解来保持这种联系。如果你说不同的语言。例如，你要放慢讲话速度，发音清晰。如果他们问你是做什么工作的，不要用太多专业术语)可知，本段主要讲了在社交中要放慢语速，发音清晰，以及用简单的语言使别人听懂，所以可以推断出，空处应该是你可能会犯让别人听不懂的错误，A选项“Being hard to follow”(很难让别人听懂)符合，故选A。
5.由上文“It’s often said that people love to talk about themselves, and that asking questions is the secret to good conversations.”(人们常说，人们喜欢谈论自己，提问是良好谈话的秘诀)和下文“Nobody likes to feel interrogated(审问), so if you sense that questions aren’t welcome, back off.”(没人喜欢被审问，所以如果你觉得问问题不受欢迎，那么就别问了)可知，空前内容提出人们常说，提问能使交谈更好进行下去，而空后指出有些人不喜欢一致被提问，所以空前空后是转折关系，由此可以推断出，空处应该是过渡句，描述并不是提问问题适合所有人，C选项“But that’s not true for everyone”(但是，那并不适合所有人)符合，故选C。

10.【河北省衡水中学2023届上学期高三模拟】
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___36___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___37___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___38___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___39___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___40___ being destroyed.
“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___41___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___42___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___43___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___44___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____45____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。
16．上文“If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着 T 恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。
17．根据上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。
18．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。
19．上文“Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. ”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。
20．根据上文“The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。