专题02 阅读理解（说明文）--新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

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专题02 阅读理解（说明文）
---2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编
(原卷版)

1.【2023届福建省七地市高三质量检测】
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
8．What is special about ZEM?
A．It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B．It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
9．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?
A．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
10．What do we know about all the components of ZEM?
A．They are of high quality. B．They are easy to process.
C．They are convenient to print. D．They are environmentally friendly.
11．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?
A．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B．Mass production of ZEM cars.
C．Big success in beating other car makers. D．Dramatic changes in transportation.
Passage 2
The researchers drew a conclusion that orphaned (成为孤儿) elephants would be more stressed out than non-orphans. There’s a lot of evidence that the mother-child bond helps reduce stress in animals, which has been demonstrated previously in rats and birds, says the study leader Jenna Parker. Elephants have complicated social structures and deep family bonds. Because orphaned elephants in the same region die at a higher rate than elephants with living mothers, it seemed like a no-brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out.
The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn’t a difference in the stress hormone (荷尔蒙) levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family members, such as aunts, cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants — even the orphans — that lived in groups with fellows of their own age turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t.
Parker recalls two orphans in the study, Frida and Rothko. “Frida had a non-functional left ear and Rothko had a non-functional right ear,” and they were inseparable, she says. “It was as though they had at least one good set of ears as long as they were together!” The findings also fit with previous social research in African elephants, Parker says. “Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother’s death.” She notes that dominance is structured by age in elephants: Older elephants may outrank younger elephants when it comes to food, for example, but elephants of the same age are generally equals.
With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants’ survival. This information could also help recovery facilities that take in orphaned elephants set the animals up for a successful future in the wild — releasing them in large groups of bonded fellows, for example. “The bottom line here is that elephants need elephants,” says Parker. “And when the worst happens, like losing a mother, some find new ways to survive and grow happily.”
12．Why are family bonds and social structures mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To prove their connection. B．To explain their meanings.
C．To show their significance. D．To clarify their differences.
13．Which statement may Parker agree with?
A．Non-orphans outrank orphans in elephants.
B．Orphaned elephants are in need of their age mates.
C．Older elephants tend to attend to younger elephants.
D．Orphaned elephants prefer interaction with older elephants.
14．What does the author think of the team’s research findings?
A．They’re baseless. B．They’re novel.
C．They’re original. D．They’re predictable.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Hunting and Drought Are Major Threats to Elephants
B．Human Protection Helps Orphaned Elephants Survive
C．Living with Older Elephants May Contribute to Survival
D．Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants
2.【广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校2023年高三联考】
Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats.
If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time, we would discover, in reviewing them, that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This means that most of the time we devote to worrying, which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us, is wasted, Thus, we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain, but took up valuable minutes and hours that could’ve been spent elsewhere.
To avoid this, it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry. More importantly, we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us. Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes ridiculous, for the problems do not exist. Once, shortly before a major concert, a member of Arturo Toscanini’s orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. “Maestro (大师), ”the musician said, “my instrument is not working properly. I cannot reach the note of E-flat. Whatever will I do? We are to begin in a few moments.” Toscanini looked at the man with amazement. Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. “My friend, ” he replied, “Do not worry about it. The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. ”
The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.
8．What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs?
A．It requires people to record and review the trouble later.
B．It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.
C．It’s referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.
D．It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.
9．The example of the orchestra mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to argue that ________.
A．the note E-flat does not appear in the music
B．wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculous
C．it’s not wise to be disturbed by something imaginary
D．a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Arturo Toscanini was a great Italian musician from Italy.
B．Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.
C．Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.
D．People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．The source of worry.
B．How to deal with worry.
C．The definition of worry.
D．How worry affects people.
3.【河北省“五个一”名校联盟2023年1月试题】
Hannah Huxford encountered the fry-stealing gull in Bridlington, a coastal town on the Yorkshire coast. Huxford snapped the well-timed photo on her iPhone in 2011; it went viral soon after. A decade later, the fry-stealing gull is appearing on billboards, as part of an advertising campaign for Google.
Researchers recently discovered that food may actually become more attractive to gulls when the birds observe humans handling it first, according to a 2020 study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
Because the birds seem to be attracted to food items that they’ve watched humans touch, another of the study’s authors, says that it’s even more important to properly throw food waste and snack wrappers in the trash. “Our findings suggest that gulls are more likely to approach food that they have seen people drop or put down, so they may associate areas where people are eating with an easy meal, ‘‘ Dr. Laura Kelley said.
The scientists approached 74 herring gulls in coastal towns in Cornwall, tempting them with weighted bags of fried potatoes. Only 19 gulls were curious or hungry enough to linger (逗留), allowing the scientists to place the bag on the ground and retreat a short distance away, waiting in a crouched (蹲下) position to see if a gull would approach.
Their experiments demonstrated that gulls were more cautious about approaching a tempting treat if there was a person nearby who was watching them closely. However, the scientists also found that far fewer of the birds than expected showed interest in investigating the food at all when being stared at.
In fact, people may be able to protect their lunches from gulls by avoiding areas where the birds tend to gather and keeping a closer eye on their meals, she added. “Gulls have a bad reputation but, like all animals, they are just trying to survive,“ Goumas said. “We can try to alleviate the conflict we have with them by making changes in our own behavior. ”
8．Why does the author mention “the fry-stealing gull photo“ in Paragraph 1?
A．To open up the topic. B．To kid about the gull.
C．To tell us an episode. D．To introduce the background.
9．What did gulls prefer according to the study?
A．Photos taken by people. B．Areas full of food waste.
C．Food that visitors are eating. D．Snack wrappers in the trash.
10．What can we know about gulls from the scientists’ experiments?
A．They don’t like the food left over by humans.
B．They approach the treat when they are hungry.
C．They are interested in eating food with humans.
D．They probably won’t eat the treat when being watched.
11．What’s Goumas’s attitude to the action of the fry-stealing gull?
A．Conservative. B．Sympathetic.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.

4.【河北省廊坊一中2022-2023学年试题】
The global population reached 8 billion on 15 November 2022, and India was estimated to surpass(超过)China as the world’s most populous country in 2023, according to World Population Prospects 2022, released on World Population Day.
“This year’s World Population Day falls during a milestone year, when we anticipate the birth of the Earth’s eight billionth inhabitant. This is an occasion to celebrate our diversity, recognize our common humanity, and marvel at advancements in health that have extended lifespans and dramatically reduced maternal and child mortality rates(死亡率),” said UN Secretary – General António Guterres. “At the same time, it is a reminder of our shared responsibility to care for our planet and a moment to reflect on where we still fall short of our commitments to one another,” he added.
The global population is growing at its slowest rale since 1950. The latest projections by the United Nations suggest that the world’s population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050. It is projected to reach a peak of around 10.4 billion people during the 2080s and to remain at that level until 2100.
“The relationship between population growth and sustainable development is complex” said Liu Zhenmin, an official of the UN. “Rapid population growth makes defeating hunger and increasing the coverage of health and education systems more difficult. Conversely, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to health and education, will contribute to reducing fertility(能生育性)levels and slowing global population growth.”
Countries with ageing populations should take steps to adapt public programmes to the growing numbers of older persons, including by establishing universal health care and long-term care systems.
“Further actions by governments aimed at reducing fertility would have little impact on the pace of population growth between now and mid-century, because of the youthful age structure of today’s global population. Nevertheless, the cumulative(累计的)effect of lower fertility, if maintained over several decades, could slower global population growth greatly in the second half of the century,” added John Wilmoth, an official of the UN.
12．Which of the following statements would António Guterres agree with?
A．We human beings should reflect on our diversity.
B．The global population growth goal has been achieved since 2022.
C．Governments shall try to keep their promises to population growth.
D．It is sure that the world’s population can grow to 9.7 billion in 2050.
13．What’s Liu Zhenmin’s attitude towards population growth?
A．Objective. B．Satisfied. C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled.
14．What does the underlined word “Conversely” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．As a result. B．First of all. C．On the contrary. D．Most importantly.
15．How does John think of further actions by governments in the short run?
A．There are many different debates on them.
B．They contribute to population’s structure.
C．They ignore world economy’s development.
D．There is little influence on population growth.

5.【湖北省高中名校联合体2023年诊断试题】
Passage 1
Ever wondered why your hotel pool seems overly small compared to its website picture? A new graph reveals just how far companies will go to make their products seem more appealing, from replacing actual ice cream with mashed potato for a more solid appearance, to using motor oil for honey. One of the most common examples is that of advertised images of hamburgers, which show items between the bun to be larger and brighter than they really are, leading consumers to think the food is fresher than it really is.
Frozen food packages are repeat offenders which show the meals perfectly plated with fresh ingredients. Where an image includes ingredients not included in the purchase, a “serving suggestion” disclaimer is a legal requirement. However, if a customer fails to notice the tiny caption, they often incorrectly assume that all illustrated items are included.
Deception in advertising is not just limited to food products. Hotels and resorts often alter images or use deceptive angles to manipulate the building’s real surroundings. For example, one hotel advertisement used a cleverly positioned low angle to feature what appears to be an endless pool. In truth, the pool is simply round in shape.
Children are also often cheated by commercials. When they finally receive that toy or outdoor paddling pool, they find that the product is far smaller than advertised. With nearly half of American consumers believing advertising to be “fairly honest”, it seems they will continue to be tricked into buying disappointing products.
4．The writer writes the first paragraph in order to ____.
A．inform an issue B．introduce the topic
C．catch readers’ attention D．deliver some phenomena
5．According to the text, which of the following issues might consumers have with food products?
A．The food is not healthy enough.
B．It is difficult to know how to serve a frozen meal.
C．Some items shown on the box disappear.
D．The burger bun is smaller than they were expecting.
6．According to the article, almost 50% of American buyers ____.
A．do not trust advertising companies
B．believe that advertising is not honest enough
C．think that the products are disappointing
D．will continue being deceived by false advertising
7．The overall purpose of the text is to ____.
A．persuade people to boycott advertising
B．praise advertising companies for their creativity
C．raise public awareness regarding unreliable advertising
D．promote the use of advertisements and marketing material
Passage 2
While some may complain about the possible death of the English language because of texting abbreviations like LOL, teenagers all over the world have actually kept endangered languages intact through SMS (short message service) messages.
Text messages written in regional, endangered languages by teens in Mexico and the Philippines are examples of languages reborn. Research into language renewal was carried out by Samuel Herrera, head of the linguistics laboratory at the Institute of Anthropological Research in Mexico City.
“Almost as soon as text messaging exploded on the world stage as a means to reach anyone, anywhere and anytime, young people began to find a way to make it more exclusive and develop their own code to use on the popular devices,” he wrote.
Professor Adam Michaelson, the director of the Institute for Endangered Languages of Corban University in Salem, Oregon, says that somewhere between the ages of six and twenty-five, people make a definitive decision as to whether or not they will stay or break with a language. The fact that they have taken the old and changed it into the new is something that not only makes sense, but also drives the continuation of culture. In fact, according to Dr Gregory Anderson, who is a researcher in the same department, young people need to be the ones reviving a dying language. This is, of course, the language that they will nurture and use as their own. For this reason, he has high hopes for the future.“If the language isn’t being used by their peer group, then they reject it outright,” Anderson concluded.
So, while some text messages may seem like a foreign language — like “nom nom” — some may actually be in languages considered nearly gone. Who knows, maybe Latin will become popular? Only time will tell.
8．As soon as text messaging became popular, young people ____.
A．stopped using SMS B．developed their own way of using it
C．changed it into something new D．refused to abandon their own languages
9．Dr Anderson believes that young people refuse to ____.
A．use an old language by changing it
B．use a language that is not used by their friends
C．send text messages in dying languages
D．help researchers preserve endangered languages
10．Latin is a language ____.
A．forbidden in text messages
B．suited to communicating by SMS
C．that might grow to be fashionable
D．used at the Institute for Endangered Languages
11．Which of the following might be a suitable title of the text?
A．Will SMS make language disappear or revive?
B．The future of language is decided by texting and teenagers.
C．Teens texting bring back languages from the edge of extinction.
D．Teenagers take responsibility for the protection of endangered languages.

6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题 】
“You can come in here at eight o’clock at night to pick up mail,says Trevor Braun, boasting about the post office inside Elmore Store in rural Vermont. A recent Monday saw a steady stream of locals pop in to pick up their post, send packages and buy groceries. The shop and its post office have been at the centre of the small community, since they opened in the early 1800s. But that may soon change.
After the shop’s longtime owner retired, the United States Postal Service(USPS) did not automatically renew the contract with the new owner. Although it does nearly everything a post office does? the USPS can shut it with little notice.
Without the post office? many of the 900 residents would be virtually cut off from the world. Much of the area has no mobile-phone coverage. The post office is where many get their news. Locals got the state’s officials to fight to keep their post office. Contract negotiations are now under way.
It is not just Elmore’s post office that is in jeopardy. The USPS has been in financial trouble for years. Shifts in the way people communicate and pay bills have meant fewer letters in the post. Banking is done electronically and people use social media to send cards, notes and photos. Newspapers increasingly arrive on mobile devices. True, package volume is up because of e-commerce. But the losses are on the opposite.
On February 8th the USPS announced a $ 1.3bn loss in its most recent quarterly results, compared with a $ 288m loss for the same period in 2021. And unlike other federal agencies? the USPS does not receive direct federal funding. It must rely on stamp sales and shipping income.
The USPS cannot afford to wait long for help. Nor can its customers, who include most small businesses and the Social Security Administration, which mails 350m notices a year. About 7m Medicare recipients get at least one medicine through the post. Over 43% of voters cast their votes by mail in 2021. Johnathan Hladik of the Centre for Rural Affairs puts it this way：“If you don’t have the basic equipment like the ability to get dependable mail, small towns like Elmore simply don’t stand a chance.”
28．According to Paragraph 1, what do we know about the post office inside Elmore Store?
A．It allows people to get mail at all times of the day.
B．It wins the praise of Trevor Braun due to its services.
C．It is located at the middle of rural Vermont.
D．It will be changed greatly soon by renovation.
29．What does the phrase “in jeopardy”(Line 1, Para. 4) probably mean?
A．In danger. B．In order. C．In place. D．In vain.
30．Why is the USPS different from other federal agencies ?
A．Because it has suffered the greatest loss in recent quarterly results.
B．Because its financial loss is in excess of $ 288m in 2022.
C．Because it does not have any access to federal funding.
D．Because it makes a profit in limited ways.
31．Which of the following could be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The USPS is relied heavily on by its customers.
B．Many Medicare recipients cannot get any medicines without USPS.
C．More than 43% of the population will vote by mail in 2022.
D．Elmore will keep the post office due to its basic facilities.


7.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
Passage 1
What’s your favorite insect? It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research, Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24．What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about?
A．Different ant colonies.
B．Ants that help each other.
C．Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D．Sound communication between ants.
25．What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected?
A．How they worked with other ants.
B．What other ants they would help.
C．When they would help other ants.
D．How often they received sound signals.
26．Why did Velazquez color-code the ants?
A．To bury the workers in the dirt.
B．To see how far ants would travel.
C．To record interaction between colonies.
D．To identify ants from different colonies.
27．What does Velazquez say about a research project?
A．It contributes much to your studies.
B．It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C．You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D．You will have to spend a lot of time on it.

Passage 2
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder, while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
32．According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making?
A．Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B．Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C．Wondering who will make a decision.
D．Wondering how to help make a decision.
33．What was the purpose of the unstable block?
A．To create a fast-changing situation.
B．To train participants to respond to changes.
C．To make the video game more challenging.
D．To help those with anxiety make decisions.
34．Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes?
A．To improve decision-making.
B．To remember the achievements.
C．To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D．To avoid making difficult decisions.
35．What advice can be given according to the study?
A．Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B．Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C．Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D．Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.

8.【江苏省扬州中学2023学年试题】
17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,” says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
4．How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected?
A．By observing the pH test paper.
B．Through the doctors’ examination.
C．By looking at sutures’ color changing.
D．By observing how the wound changes.
5．What did Dasia discover in her experiment?
A．Beet has the same pH level. B．Beet can change color at different times.
C．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. D．Beet can be used to help her with the invention.
6．What can we learn about Dasia?
A．She has won the invention patent.
B．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.
C．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.
D．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.
7．What will Dasia’s future career probably involve?
A．Medical and health work. B．Medical device development.
C．Something about the legal aid. D．Medical and science research.

9.【辽宁省抚顺市一中2022-2023学年1月试卷】
Soot (煤) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.
“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed?” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because of global warming.
When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast. “When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.
7．What is Khan’s attitude towards human actions in Antarctica according to paragraph 2?
A．Angry and abusive. B．Cold and uninterested.
C．Doubtful and anxious. D．Admiring and delighted.
8．What is the main cause of soot pollution in Antarctica?
A．The quick melting of ice and snow. B．The emission from virous transport.
C．The remaining parts of burning plants. D．The floating gases from other continents.
9．What do we know from Nagorski?
A．The covered ice is less reflective.
B．The melting speed of ice is slower than before.
C．The dark blanket serves as a big mirror.
D．The sunlight gets increasingly stronger recently.
10．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．What made our planet so polluted? B．Who is to blame for air pollution?
C．Can electric vehicles save tourism? D．Are we welcome to the South Pole?

10.【重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年试题】
Passage 1
Mars will launch a new range of lower calorie chocolate bars next month to avoid the government’s latest crackdown on unhealthy snacks.
The company’s “Triple Treat” range will include new versions of Mars, Bounty, Snickers and Galaxy bars, and will be available exclusively in Tesco supermarkets. The new formulation Mars bar will be 22 per cent smaller and contain 24 per cent fewer calories. However, it will cost 80p rather than the 65p charged for a standard bar. The company said the higher price was justified because it had used more expensive ingredients, such as date paste, raisins and peanuts in the new version.
From October, foods considered high in salt, fat or sugar, including Mars’s traditional bars, will be banned from checkouts, store entrances and the ends of aisles under government plans to control the obesity crisis.
The NHS (National Health Service) spends more than £6 billion a year treating obesity-related ill health. The government says that children in the poorest parts of the country are more than twice as likely to be obese as their peers in the wealthiest areas. Kerry Cavanaugh, Mars Wrigley UK Marketing Director, said: “Triple Treat does exactly what it says on the tin-it’s packed with a trio of fruit, nuts and our iconic chocolate, and is delightfully delicious to boot. At Mars Wrigley, we’re thrilled that Brits can now enjoy a great tasting-and health-friendly-Galaxy, Mars, Snickers and Bounty treat. Per 100g, the new Mars will contain 37 per cent less fat, 30 per cent less sugar and 55 per cent less salt than the original bar. Mars has developed the range over the past 18 months to ensure that it can continue placing its chocolate snacks in prominent locations in stores.”
Other candy and chocolate giants have struggled to make products that are in accordance with the government’s new rules. In 2019 Mondelez released Cadbury Dairy Milk with 30 per cent less sugar yet learnt that it was still in trouble when the criteria were confirmed two years later.
28．What do we know about the new Mars bars?
A．They are sold at an unacceptable price.
B．They will be available in three versions.
C．They can be bought in most supermarkets.
D．They feature lower calories and smaller size.
29．What’s the purpose of the government’s new rules?
A．To crack clown on illegal snacks. B．To ease the obesity crisis.
C．To raise money for poor children. D．To treat obesity-related illnesses.
30．What does Kerry Cavanaugh probably agree with?
A．The New Mars are both tasty and healthy.
B．Britons will be disappointed at the new Mars.
C．Mars bars are reinvented as sugar-free snacks.
D．Restrictions on chocolate bars should be lifted.
31．What does the author want to show by mentioning Mondelez?
A．The new rules require further tightening up.
B．Businesses are slow to respond to the new rules.
C．The new rules have hardly benefited snack producers.
D．Businesses have had a hard time adjusting to the new rules.
Passage 2
Across India, summers can be extreme. Temperatures outdoors can soar to 124°F (51℃), high enough to melt the surface of the streets.
Millions of urban lower-income families live in tiny, one-room houses crammed together. Such shacks have tin and asbestos (石棉的) roofs. These materials absorb the sun’s heat, rather than reflect it back into the atmosphere. Additionally, only a few trees grow between the jam-packed houses. Making matters worse is the residents’ poverty. Most households cannot afford to run air conditioners and coolers. All these factors make the inside of these tiny houses extremely hot. Under such conditions, residents find it difficult to live, let alone work. Productivity declines.
Social workers and scientists have realized that the quickest way to cool such houses is to change their roofs. That’s because the roof receives the most direct sunlight. Climate researchers came up with many strategies to produce cool roofs. One easy way was with paint. Light-colored surfaces reflect more heat than darker ones, so roofs painted white would be cooler than those painted in any other color. This wasn’t a new idea. In fact, Indians have traditionally whitewashed homes with chuna. The annual Monsoon rains, though, wash the chuna away. Climate experts hoped that the white paints would last longer. Research findings revealed that painting alone could bring down the heat by up to 9℉(5℃).
Problems persist, though. While the paint is fairly cheap, poor people cannot afford it without financial help. In addition, the sunlight bouncing off white-topped roofs makes them too bright to look at. Residents usually use the roofs for drying wet clothes and vegetables, like chilies. But the glare from the whitened surfaces makes it tough for them to do these tasks. A third problem is that white-roofedbuildings reflect the sun’s rays throughout the year. Ironically, this makes roofs too cool in regions where winters get extremely cold. And keeping warm is costly, too.
Despite these drawbacks, many households are supporters of cool roof initiatives. For most, the benefits of the roofs outweigh their flaws. Indeed, the white paint has given their lives a newlight.
32．What is a factor contributing to Indian houses’ extreme heat?
A．The building materials of the roofs. B．Residents’ lack of green awareness.
C．The influence of the global economy. D．There being no trees in the community.
33．Why is white paint a good choice according to paragraph 3?
A．It is effective. B．It is innovative. C．It is replaceable. D．It is long-lasting.
34．What problem comes with white paint roofs?
A．Their brightness will lead to color blindness.
B．The paint will become too expensive to afford.
C．It will be inconvenient to dry stuff on the roofs.
D．Residents’ living cost will be higher in summer.
35．What is the text mainly about?
A．Light-colored paints. B．A house-cooling strategy.
C．White-roofed buildings. D．An energy-saving initiative.