08语法填空之非谓语动词-高考英语三轮冲刺闯关（新高考专用） -

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08【查缺补漏】语法填空之非谓语动词（解析版）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定1、利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。1）各时态的谓语动词的形式, 注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式2）非谓语动词：to do / doing /done2、一个句子中，已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有别的动词出现时，需要用非谓语动词。非谓语动词的逻辑主语1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语，但依然保留着动词的特征，就是动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”，及物动词表达的动作会有一个“承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语或宾语。比如：2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时，它的逻辑主语就是句中主语。②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时，它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind（介意）， escape（逃脱）， miss（想念，错过）， enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习），prevent（预防），dislike(不喜欢)，admit（承认）， suggest（建议）=advise=recommend， keep（保持），consider（考虑）， can’t help(情不自禁)，can’t stand(不能忍受)， risk（冒险）， resist（抵抗，反对），give up (放弃)， avoid（避免），appreciate（欣赏），finish（完成），imagine(想象)只接to do做宾语的动词或短语hope（希望）, want（想）, offer（主动提出做...，提供）, long（渴望）, fail（失败，未能做...）, expect（期待）, wish(希望), ask（要求）, decide（决定）, pretend（假装）,     manage（成功设法做.....）, agree(同意), afford（负担得起）, determine（决定）, promise（承诺）, happen（碰巧）， refuse(拒绝)  seem/appear(似乎)3、Sth. need/want/require（需要）+doing  (某物需要被…)= Sth. need/want/require（需要）+to be done4、同一动词后接to与doing的不同用法to do 和doing 做宾语，意义相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do记得/忘记/很遗憾要做…（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing记得/忘记/后悔做过…（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意思是，意味着）can’t help （to） do（不能帮忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）consider…to be认为是consider doing考虑做某事不定式的复合结构for sb. to do sth.of sb. to do sth.(如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式表示的动作的执行者的特性时，其逻辑主语常用of引出。此类形容词常见的有:kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, wise, clever, selfish, cruel等)but/except to do sth.除了做...之外(当but/except前出现行为动词do的适当形式时，to通常省略)其它非谓语动词常考的句型only to do sth. (一个较为特殊的结果状语，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮丧或失望的结果。如： It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做....是浪费时间It’s（no）fun doing sth. 做....（没）有趣It’s no good doing sth.做....没有好处It’sno use doing sth. 做……是没有用的be worth doing sth.....是值得(被)做spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花/浪费时间做某事  have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难feel like + 名词/动名词：“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词be busy doing 忙着做…     独立成分generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；compared with/to....与....相比considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……；to tell you the truth说实话；to be honest说实话；考点应考技巧：1、要分清句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。2、要分清非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，同时要弄清非谓语动词所表达的时间概念。3、要牢记固定搭配与句型结构。1.【2021·全国甲卷】It is possible  43     (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.Key:考查动词不定式。此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。2.【(2021·全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim  70    (have) a low impact on the natural environment.Key:考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】But that’s how nature is — always leaving us   60      (astonish).Key: 考查过去分词转换过来的形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63     (ache) legs.Key:句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“正在疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。4.【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 43    （plant）flowers in the front yard.Key:考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。5.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-466     (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.Key:to find。考查动词不定式。根据句子结构可知,此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处用不定式表示目的。6.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】They represent the earth 63.　　 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. Key：coming。考查非谓语动词。represent表示“代表”,后面接动名词的复合结构作宾语,此处指它们代表大地复苏以及对新的开始的美好祝愿。7.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.　　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Key：decorated。考查非谓语动词。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语,指代橘树,和decorate之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语。8.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】They are easy 68.　　　　(care)for and make great presents. Key：to care。考查非谓语动词。“主语(具体的人或物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”是一个固定句型,表示主语的特征,其中动词不定式只能用主动形式。此句型可以转换成it(形式主语)+be+形容词+动词不定式。9.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】The next morning he hired a boat and set out 　67　 (find) the well-known painter.Key:to find。考查非谓语动词。set out开始,着手,出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为,应填to do不定式,即to find。10.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 　69　 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.Key:surrounding。考查非谓语动词，根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列,与rising一致,作宾语补足语，与宾语clouds是主动关系，故用surrounding。11.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imaginethem living at a different time in history or 　43　 (walk)through a rainforest.Key:walking考查imagine(sb.) doing 的用法,同时有考查了并列结构。12.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　64　 (perform) consistently over a large area.Key:to perform。考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构,后常跟不定式作状语。13.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】When we got a call 69       (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.Key:saying。考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知　　　 (say)she was short-listed作定语修饰前面的名词call,且与call之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故使用v.-ing形式。 14．【2018•全国卷Ⅱ】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________(improve) water quality. Key:to improve15．【2018•全国卷Ⅱ】China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.  Key:feeding16．【2018•全国卷Ⅲ】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. Key:looking17．【】2018•全国卷Ⅲ】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch. Key:to stay18．【2018•浙江】I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. Key:visiting /was shocked19．【2018·北京改编】 _________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. Key:traveling20．【2018·北京改编)6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. Key: to share21．【2018·北京改编】 Ordinary soap, ______ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.Key:used22．【2018·天津改编】 I didn't mean ___________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______(try) it.    Key: to eat/trying23．【2018·天津改编】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _________(take).Key:taken24．【2018·江苏改编】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. Key: exceeding(超出/过)25．【2017·天津卷改编】The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ (allow)more patients to be treated.   Key:  allowing26．【2017·天津改编】 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______(catch). Key:to catch27．【2017·江苏卷改编】Many Chinese brands, _______(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. Key:having developed28．【2017·北京卷改编】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ (save)their valuable time. Key: to save29．【2017·北京卷改编】The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______(range)from butterflies to elephants. Key: ranging30．【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______(spend)with his students.  Key: spent31．【2016·北京】 ________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. Key: To make非谓语动词语篇填空训练I found out one time that [1]________(do) a favour for someone could get you into trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time and we [2]____________(have) a final test. During the test, the girl [3]__________(sit) next to me whispered something but I did not understand. So I [4]_______(lean) over and found out that she was trying [5]_________(ask) me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink. I happened [6]__________(have) an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after the test papers [7]__________(turn) in, the teacher asked me [8]_________(stay) in the room when all the other students [9]___________(dismiss). As soon as we were alone she began [10]__________(talk) to me about what it meant to grow up; she mentioned how important it was [11]________(stand) on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and [12]____________(emphasize) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really treating themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she [13]____________(say), and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room [14]__________(wonder) why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.Keys: 1.doing 2. were having       3. sitting       4. leaned        5. to ask         6. to have7. had been turned   8. to stay              9. were dismissed     10. to talk       11. to stand       12. emphasized       13. had said   14. Wondering