高中英语高考Unit 4 Information technology【复习课件】-2022年高考一轮英语单元复习过过过（北师大版2019）

这是一份高中英语高考Unit 4 Information technology【复习课件】-2022年高考一轮英语单元复习过过过（北师大版2019），共46页。PPT课件主要包含了doing，do harm to，withby，with，to do，to live，herself，contents，aboutfor，concerned等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．harm vt.& n．伤害，损害　harmful adj.有害的
D yu think the Internet helps r harms friendships？(教材P14)你认为互联网有助于友谊还是有害于友谊？
[合作探究]　体会harm及其派生词的用法和意义Yur smking can d harm t/be harmful t the health f yur children.你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。There is n harm in aplgising t him first.先向他道歉没有什么坏处。It is harmful t yur health t drink t much.过量喝酒对你的身体有害。[自主发现]①d harm ____________... 损害……②There is n harm in ____________ sth 做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)③be harmful ____________ 对……有害
[巩固内化]　完成句子①She has gt int the bad habit f reading in the bed，______________________________.她养成了在床上阅读的坏习惯，这对她的眼睛有害。②Playing cmputer games will nt nly ________________ yur physical health，but it ________________ yur mental health.S ________________ advising yu t give it up.玩电脑游戏不仅对身体健康有害，还对精神健康有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。
which is harmful t/des harm t her eyes
is als harmful t
there is n harm in
2．replace vt.取代；接替；把……放回原处
Firstly，talking nline is n replacement fr face-t-face cntact—images really cannt replace a real-life smile r hug.(教材P15)首先，网上交谈不能取代面对面接触，图像真的无法取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。[合作探究]　体会replace的用法和意义It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with cmputers in class.人们普遍认为课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。Jhn is ill and I want t knw wh is ging t take the place f him/take his place.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。
[自主发现]　①replace sth ____________ sth　　用……替换……②take the place ____________ sb＝take ne’s place 代替；替代[巩固内化](1)单句语法填空①They replaced their belved ld car ____________ an expensive new sprts car.
(2)同义句转换②N ne can replace her father in her heart.→N ne can _________________________ in her heart.→N ne can _______________________ in her heart.
take the place f her father
take her father’s place
3．cncentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力　cncentratin n．集中；专心
Accrding t a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, cmmunicating thrugh a screen makes it mre difficult fr children t cncentrate r shw kindness t thers.(教材P15)据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。
[合作探究]　体会cncentrate的用法和意义Playing cmputer games can give us sme relaxatin after schl, but as students we must cncentrate n ur studies.放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。He cncentrated his mind n studying the histry f Lulan.他专注于研究楼兰的历史。[自主发现]①cncentrate ____________ (ding) sth　　专心(做)某事②cncentrate ne’s mind/attentin ____________ 集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
[巩固内化]单句语法填空/完成句子①Many firms are cncentrating ____________ increasing their markets verseas.②The cnfusing matters make him unable ____________ (cncentrate) n his study.③It was up t him __________________________ and make smething f himself.是否能专心学习并取得一定成就要靠他自己。④When driving, a driver shuld _________________________________.开车时，司机应专注于路况。
t cncentrate
t cncentrate n his studies
cncentrate his attentin n the rad
4．cntent n．内容；目录；容量；满足 adj.满足的；满意的 vt.使满足
In additin, a lt f the cntent psted n scial media is shallw r trivial.(教材P15)另外，在社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是肤浅的和琐碎的。[合作探究]　体会cntent的用法和意义Andy is cntent with the ty.It is the best he has ever gt.安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他得到的最好的玩具。That rich man is tired f city life，s he is cntent t live in the cuntry.那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。We shuld never cntent urselves with bk knwledge nly.我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
[自主发现]①feel/be cntent ____________　对……满足/满意②be cntent ____________ sth 满足于做某事③cntent neself ____________ 满足于[巩固内化]　单句语法填空①The Smiths are cntent ____________ (live)a simple life.②She cntented ____________ (her) with what she had achieved.③My friend is quite cntent ____________ his new jb.④The ____________ (cntent) f his suitcase are dubtful.
1．be cncerned with 关心……
Fr example，instead f having prper cnversatins with their friends，sme peple are nly cncerned with their nline ppularity—Hw many “likes” did I get？(教材P15)例如，一些人不再和朋友进行有效地交谈，他们只关心自己网上的人气——我得了多少个“赞”？
[短语记牢]　记牢下列短语as/s far as sb/sth be cncerned在某人看来，就某人/某事而言be cncerned abut/fr 对……担心/担忧/焦虑/关心/挂念cncern neself with/abut sth 关心某事，担心某事①As far as I’m cncerned，it’s necessary t figure ut the cst first.在我看来，先计算出成本是有必要的。②We shuld be cncerned abut their health—bth physical and mental health.我们应该关心他们的健康——身体健康和心理健康。
[巩固内化]单句语法填空/完成句子①The meeting was cncerned ____________ refrms and everyne present was cncerned ____________ their wn interests.②Generally speaking，grammar is ____________ (cncern) with the relatins between wrds in sentences.③_________________________，it’s imprtant fr us t prtect wild animals.在我看来，我们保护野生动物是重要的。
As far as I’m cncerned
2．in additin除此之外
In additin, a lt f the cntent psted n scial media is shallw r trivial.(教材P15)另外，在社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是肤浅的和琐碎的。[短语记牢]　记牢下列短语in additin t　除……之外add up 把……加起来add sth t sth 把……加到/进……里add up t 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add t 增加；增添add that... 补充说……
①These stves are f high quality.In additin, the price is lw.这些炉子质量上乘。另外，价格低廉。②Please add sme sugar t the milk t make it mre delicius.请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。③The engine f the ship was ut f rder and the bad weather added t the helplessness f the crew.船的马达失灵了，而且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。④He added that he felt very srry fr nt being able t cme.他补充说，他为自己不能来表示歉意。
[巩固内化]　(1)选词填空：in additin/in additin t①____________ the schl，the village has a clinic, which was als built with gvernment supprt.②It’s t late t g t the basketball match nw.____________，it’s ging t rain.③Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches fr ur picnic and a bag f ckies ____________．
(2)完成句子④His whle schl educatin ____________ n mre than ne year.他所受的全部学校教育加起来不过一年。⑤The heavy rain ____________ the difficulty in rescuing the buried peple.大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。
In additin t
In my pinin，friends shuld fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin，and less n nline cmmunicatin.(教材P15)在我看来，朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流，少关注在线交流。[短语记牢]　记牢下列短语fcus ne’s attentin/eyes/energy n集中注意力/目光/精力于……the fcus f attentin 关注的焦点in fcus 焦点对准的；清晰的ut f fcus 焦点没对准的；不清晰的
①It tk her a lt f time t fcus n preparing her classes and crrecting her students’ hmewrk.集中精力备课和批改学生的作业花费了她很多时间。②Yu’d better fcus yur attentin n yur studies.你最好把你的注意力放在功课上。③She always wants t be the fcus f attentin.她总是想成为关注的焦点。④The children’s faces are badly ut f fcus in the phtgraph.照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。
[思考]　表示“集中精力于；专心于”的常用短语还有哪些？①________________　　　　　　②________________③________________ ④________________________[巩固内化](1)单句语法填空①Althugh the strybk is quite interesting, I have t put it aside and fcus my attentin ____________ my hmewrk this week.②The scientist knws nthing abut the matter，because he is always lsing himself ____________ scientific study.
be absrbed in
pay attentin t
devte neself t
be lst in/lse neself in
(2)一句多译③由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。I can’t ____________________ the bk with him singing next dr.(fcus)＝I can’t ________________ the bk with him singing next dr.(absrb)＝I can’t ____________________________ the bk with him singing next dr.(cncentrate)
fcus my attentin n
cncentrate (my attentin) n
1．Accrding t a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, cmmunicating thrugh a screen makes it mre difficult fr children t cncentrate r shw kindness t thers.(教材P15)
据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流让孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。[句式解读]　句中makes it mre difficult fr children t cncentrate r shw为make复合结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
[用法总结](1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句①Susan made it clear t me that she wished t make a new life fr herself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。(2)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋t d不定式②The heavy rain made it impssible fr us t g ut.大雨使得我们无法出去。
(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，cnsider，find，feel等。③He cnsidered it imprtant fr him t learn spken English well.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。④I find it n use arguing with Bill because he never changes his mind.我发现与比尔争辩没有用，因为他不会改变主意。
[巩固内化]单句语法填空/同义句转换①He didn’t make ____________ clear when and where the sprts meeting wuld be held.②Peple in the west make it a rule ____________ (buy) Christmas presents fr their relatives and friends.③I think it is a gd habit t get up early in the mrning.→I think ________________ t get up early in the mrning.④We find that it is easy t get alng with him.→We find ____________________________．
it a gd habit
it easy t get alng with him
2．It is these skills that enable us t develp lifelng friendships.(教材P15)
正是这些技能才使我们能保持终生的友谊。[句式解读]　句中“It ”为强调句型。其基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他成分”，本句中被强调部分为these skills。[用法总结]　(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子其他部分。①But rules alne dn’t secure an rderly sciety.It is the peple wh bey the rules that (wh) matter.但是制度本身不能保证一个有序的社会，遵守规则的人才是重要的。
(2)一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子其他部分？②Was it three years ag that he went t America fr further study?他是三年前去美国深造的吗？(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？③When was it that yu gt prmted？你是什么时候升职的？(4)结构的强调句型：It is/was nt ④It was nt until near the end f the letter that she mentined her wn plan.直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。
[名师提醒](1)在强调句型中It本身没有实际意义，但不能被其他词代替；被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等；被强调部分指人时，可用that/wh，其他情况一律用that。(2)判断是否是强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉，看句子的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句型；若不完整，则不是。
[巩固内化]　(1)单句语法填空①It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.②____________ was at 5 ’clck that the visitrs finally arrived at Pudng Internatinal Airprt.③—Were all the three peple in the car injured in the accident?—N，it was nly tw passengers ____________ gt hurt.
(2)一句多译④直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。He ______________________________________________________he went t Americaas an exchange student.＝___________________________________________________________ he realized theimprtance f learning English well.(强调句型)＝_______________________________________________________ the imprtancef learning English well.(倒装句)
didn’t realize the imprtance f learning English well until
It was nt until he went t Amrica as an exchange student that
Nt until he went t America as an exchange student did he realize
1．一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号，如：gd-lking 好看的， sea-sick晕船的，wrld-famus闻名世界的，seven-year-ld七岁的， three-hur三小时的，等等。 2．有些复合词已经完全融为一体，不用加连字符号，如：textbk教科书， schlmate校友， spkesman发言人， salesgirl女售货员， ntebk笔记本， greenhuse温室， breakthrugh突破， dwnlad下载，plicewman女警察，等等。
3．还有一些情况直接用词组的形式，如：air cnditiner空调机，clthes shp服装店，alarm clck闹钟，girl student女学生，等等。
二、复合形容词的构成方法
1．名词＋形容词，如：il-rich含油量多的， duty-free免税的，care-free无忧无虑的， hmesick想家的，等等。2．形容词＋形容词，如：bitter-sweet又苦又甜的， light-green浅绿色的， dark-brwn深棕色的， freezing-cld寒冷的， burning-ht炎热的，等等。 3．名词＋现在分词，如：truble-making制造麻烦的，law-breaking犯法的， painstaking费力的， time-cnsuming耗时的， peace-lving热爱和平的， labr-saving省力的，recrd-breaking破纪录的，等等。
4．名词＋过去分词，如：man-made人造的， pverty-stricken贫困的， heart－brken伤心的， snw-cvered被雪覆盖的， task-based任务型的， 等等。 5．形容词＋现在分词，如： gd-lking好看的， easy-ging随和的，nice-sunding好听的，等等。 6．形容词＋过去分词，这里的过去分词大多是名词加-ed构成的假分词，如：new-brn刚出生的， simple-minded头脑简单的， kind-hearted心地善良的，black-eyed黑眼睛的， warm-hearted热心肠的，等等。 7．数词＋名词(＋形容词)，如：fur-hur四小时的，100-metre一百米的， fur-day为期四天的， five-year-ld五岁的，等等。
8．副词＋现在分词，如：ever-lasting持续的， far-reaching深远的，ncming迎面而来的，utging外向的，等等。 9．副词＋过去分词，如：well-knwn著名的， newly-built新建的， ver-laded超载的，utspken直言不讳的，等等。10．由其他词类或结构转化而来， 如：nce-a-week每周一次的，all-rund全方位的， rund-the-clck二十四小时的， full-time全职的，secnd-hand二手的，fllw-up后继的，underpaid报酬过低的，underweight重量过轻的，heart-t-heart交心的，ut-f-wrk失业的，等等。
三、复合名词的构成方法
1．加连字符，如：baby-sitter看孩子的人，letter-bx信箱，first-aid急救，X-ray X射线，father-in-law岳父，crss-talk相声，等等。2．不加连字符，如：haircut理发，repairman修理工，utbreak爆发，utcme结果，utlk前景，rainbw彩虹，等等。3．以词组形式出现，如：bank accunt银行账户，birth cntrl节制生育，bld pressure血压，bk case书柜，bus stp公共汽车站， credit card信用卡，generatin gap代沟，greenhuse effect温室效应，heart attack心脏病发作，pen friend笔友，pcket mney零用钱，pst ffice邮局，sign language手语，natural resurces自然资源，mther tngue母语， 等等。
1．副词＋动词，如：ff-lad卸车，utgrw长得太大不适宜，verhear无意中听到，versleep睡过头，verlk忽略，update更新，dwnlad下载，等等。 2．其他形式：bradcast广播，withdraw撤退，skatebard用滑板滑行，等等。
1．复合副词：afterwards后来， alngside与……并肩，utside外面，indrs室内，nwadays如今，meanwhile同时， maybe可能，nevertheless仍然(还)，sideways向一侧地，等等。 2．复合介词：within在……之内，withut没有，nt到……上，int进入，upn在……之上， behind在……之后，等等。
六、构成复合词时要注意以下几点
1．由数词＋名词(＋形容词)构成形容词时，名词不用复数，如：a nine-year-ld by 一个九岁的男孩，a fur-day trip 一次四天的旅行，the 100-metre dash 百米赛跑， an 800-metre-lng bridge一座八百米长的桥， 等等。 2．由形容词＋名词－ed构成的形容词，该名词必须是中心词的一部分，否则不加－ed, 如： a white-haired wman 一个白头发的妇女， a warm-hearted girl一个热心肠的女孩，a near-sighted by 一个眼睛近视的男孩，tw middle-aged men 两个中年男人，等等。
3．由形容词＋分词构成的合成形容词，要注意中心词与分词的主动或被动关系，例如：an rdinary-lking man 一个相貌平常的男人，an easy-ging man 一个随和的人，fresh-baked bread 刚烤的面包，ready-made gds 现成的货物，等等。 4．由副词＋分词构成的合成形容词，副词是修饰分词的状语，用现在分词还是过去分词是由它与中心词的主动或被动关系而定，如：hard-wrking peple 勤劳的人们，bravely-fighting sldiers 勇敢战斗的战士，a well-knwn singer 一个有名的歌唱家，the newly-married cuple那对新婚夫妇，等等。
在英语中把两个(或更多)独立的单词合在一起构成一个新词，其意义为原来单词意义的叠加，如blackbard“黑板” 就是由black“黑色的”和bard“板子”合在一起构成的新词。用这种方式构成的单词叫复合词(cmpund wrds)。
[名师提醒]现在分词与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，例如：an rdinary－lking man＝a man wh lks rdinary。而过去分词和所修饰的名词是被动关系，形容词相当于补语，例如：clean－washed clthes＝clthes which are washed clean。请比较： these hard－wrking peple＝these peple wh are wrking hardthe just－washed－dwn huse＝the huse which has just been washed dwn请比较： peace－lving peple ＝peple wh lve peacea man－made satellite ＝a satellite which is made by man
[巩固内化1]用复合词完成句子①_________________________ made her ppular.她个性随和，大家都很喜欢她。②She burst int tears at ____________________________．听到这令人心碎的消息，她嚎啕大哭起来。③He returned hme __________________.他两手空空回了家。
Her easy-ging nature
the heartbreaking news
empty-handed
④She was nt ging t give up her ___________________s easily.她不会这么轻易地放弃来之不易的自由。⑤I’m nly ____________________________．现在我只是兼职。⑥This matter has attracted _______________________．这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。⑦We managed t ___________________________.我们设法克服了所有的困难。
hard-wn freedm
part-time at the mment
wrldwide attentin
vercme all the difficulties