专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（第一期）-高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用）

这是一份专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（第一期）-高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用），共21页。
高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用）
第一期
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2023春·河南安阳·高三安阳一中校联考一模）Each year, as many as one billion birds are killed in the US from collisions (相撞) with glass windows and buildings every year. Birds that crashed into Philadelphia buildings began to be collected in the 1890s. Nearly 100 species of birds are known to have died out from crashes with buildings and other structures in Philadelphia. Many other species are probably affected in the city.
Called Lights Out Philly, the voluntary program in Philadelphia encourages buildings to turn out or dim unnecessary external and internal lights between midnight and six o’clock early in the morning to protect birds as they pass through during migration seasons.
Bird migration seasons are from April l to May 31 in spring and from August 15 to November 15 in fall. Each year, millions of birds pass through Philadelphia along a migration route known as the Atlantic Flyway. Bird-glass crashes are very common for migrating birds, most of which travel at night. Glass is difficult for them to recognize as hard surfaces, and artificial light can fool them into crashing with buildings and outdoor structures. Turning off lights between midnight and sunrise helps minimize the effect of artificial light when most birds are migrating.
On Oct. 2, 2020, a stormy and foggy day, Philadelphia had its largest mass collision event in more than 70 years with an estimated 1,000 birds crashing with buildings in one 3.5-square block area in just one day. Paired with a terrible storm of weather and fog conditions, the bright city and building lights attracted and confused the migrating birds, causing them to crash with buildings and outdoor structures.
Even if you don’t play a part in managing the lights of a big building, you can help birds avoid crashes by making the glass opaque to reduce the amount and intensity of artificial light at night, changing the color of lighting to blue or green, shortening the duration lights are on, directing the lighting downward or screening lighting.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The rich biological diversity in Philadelphia.
B．Great efforts to protect migrating birds in Philadelphia.
C．The present and the past of the bird conservation in America.
D．The serious consequence of bird-glass crashes in Philadelphia.
2．What added the danger to the migrating birds on Oct. 2, 2020?
A．Bad weather conditions. B．Traveling in the day.
C．The mistaken route. D．Too many buildings.
3．What does the underlined word “opaque” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Light-reflecting. B．Delicate. C．Lightproof. D．Clean.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．It Is Difficult to Save the Migrating Birds
B．Philadelphia Turns out Lights to Save Migrating Birds
C．External and Internal Lights Affect the Bird Migration
D．Lights Out Philly Program Helps Save Endangered Birds

（2023春·河南安阳·高三安阳一中校联考一模）Doctors and nutritionists have been telling that one should not eat right before going to bed. However, one should also not eat late at night, according to a recent study. It has been said that when we eat late at night, we’re going against our body’s rhythm.
According to the researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, eating late at night increases the risk of obesity and weight gain. The analysis of the study revealed that the time when a person eats their last meal impacts the calories burned, appetite and how the body stores fat.
To conduct their study, a total of 16 participants with the body mass index (BMI) that is of the obese range or considered overweight were studied. Every one was given the same meals and they were divided into two groups: The first group was required to eat their meals early in the day and the other with each meal 250 minutes late.
The team of researchers found that eating late had a significant impact on the regulation of hunger hormones. The level of leptin (瘦蛋白) inhibits the human appetite. It was reduced across the period of 24 hours due to late eating. It was observed that eating late doubled the chance of being hungry. When participants ate later, they burned calories at a much slower rate.
In a press release the first author Nina Vujovic said, “In this study, we asked a simple question, ‘Does the time that we eat matter when everything else is kept consistent?’ and we found that eating four hours later makes a major difference to the hunger levels, the way calories burn after we eat, and the way our body stores fat.”
This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Based on what this and other studies have shown, people who are watching their weight may want to get rid of the late night snacks and eat most of their meals earlier in the day.
5．What’s the difference between the two groups in paragraph 3?
A．The variety of the diet. B．The fat content in their meals.
C．The calories in their meals. D．Their eating schedules.
6．What can we do to beat obesity according to the study?
A．Avoid eating late at night.
B．Keep a moderate sense of hunger.
C．Abandon consuming food low in fat.
D．Make sure to have supper at a set time.
7．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The human appetite. B．The leptin level.
C．The body mass index. D．The chance of being hungry.
8．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A health magazine. B．A biology textbook.
C．A travel brochure. D．A biography.

（2023·青海西宁·统考一模）People climbing Qomolangma are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest is the tallest mountain above sea level on the earth. It reaches 8,848.86 meters into the sky. Between2006 and 2020, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.
The study was a project of researchers at the University of Washington and the University of California, Davis. They found that the risk of dying on the mountain was 0.5 percent for women and 1.1 percent for men in recent years. That is down from 1.9 percent and 1.7 percent in the period from 1990 and 2005.
The study noted that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the “death zone”, is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another.
A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year. However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous. If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness. An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide could be disastrous.
Climbers have expressed concern that Nepal was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 authorization to climb Everest.
9．What was the current death rate among female mountaineers?
A．0.5%. B．1.1%. C．1.7%. D．1.9%.
10．Why does the “death zone” make climbers more dangerous?
A．It is too hard to pass. B．It slows down climbing.
C．It often makes people ill. D．It usually causes climbing.
11．What does the underlined word “authorization” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Choice. B．Attempt.
C．Permission. D．Encouragement.
12．What’s the best title for the text?
A．The New Height of Mount Everest
B．The Location of the Death Zone
C．The Reason Why People Climb Mount Everest
D．A New Study of Climbing Mount Everest

（2023·青海西宁·统考一模）Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell-phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degrce heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no impact on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.
The prototypc looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.
13．How long does the disinfecting process usually take?
A．Around 20 minutes. B．Around 30 minutes.
C．Around 60 minutes. D．Around 70 minutes.
14．Why do Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?
A．To kill viruses thoroughly. B．To spread a novel idea.
C．To replace the traditional ones. D．To make reusable and friendly ones.
15．What was Allon Moses’ concern according to the text?
A．The reusable face masks could be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way.
C．The cost of reusable face masks might be high.
D．The function of mask to prevent disease could be affected.
16．What’s the best title for the text?
A．A Mask for Curing the Coronavirus
B．The Latest Style of the Standard N95
C．A Kind of Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead of the Standard N95

（2022秋·甘肃兰州·高三兰州五十一中校考一模）Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.
This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?
As it turns out, different types of memories are stored in distinct regions of our brains. Long-term memory is divided into two types: declarative and procedural.
There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred. Factual knowledge, on the other hand, such as the capital of France, is part of semantic memory(语义记忆). These two types of declarative memory content have one thing in common—you are aware of the knowledge and can communicate the memories to others.
Skills such as playing an instrument or riding a bicycle are, however, based on a separate system, called procedural memory, which is responsible for performance.
One of the most famous studies showing the separate memory systems was that of an epileptic(癫痫病患者) named Henry Molaison (H. M.). In the 1950s he underwent the removal of portions of his brain. After the operation doctors found that many of H. M.’s memories of the time before the operation were also erased.
In one test, researchers asked H. M. to trace a five-pointed star on a sheet of paper while only looking at it and his hand in a mirror—meaning the image was reversed. Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.
So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”
17．Why riding a bicycle is mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To provide an example.
C．To support an argument. D．To make comparisons.
18．What do memories of experiences belong to?
A．Short-term memory. B．Declarative memory.
C．Semantic memory. D．Procedural memory.
19．What can we learn from Henry Molaison’s case?
A．Brain injury tends to erase people’s all past memories.
B．H. M. couldn’t develop new memories after the operation.
C．Declarative knowledge is stable and will last long.
D．Procedural memory contents aren’t easily forgotten.
20．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Why don’t we forget how to ride a bike?
B．Learn to ride a bike for once and for all
C．Is there a memory that never lets us down?
D．Where are memories stored in our brains?

（2022秋·甘肃兰州·高三兰州五十一中校考一模）Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.
They wear their clothes until they cannot take the dirt and smell anymore. Then, they throw them away.
NASA wants to change that—if not at the International Space Station (ISS), then the moon and Mars. This would mean the end to throwing away lots of dirty clothes every year. Up to now, they simply had to put them with other waste in old supply ships to burn up in the atmosphere. NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.
NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.
There are also the problems of health and comfort.
Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to fight the effects of weightlessness on their bodies. Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.
In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent(洗涤剂) made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightlessness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts. At the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine that could operate on the moon or even Mars. It would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry places here on Earth.
21．What problem in space do NASA and P&G aim to solve?
A．Lack of detergents. B．Lack of comforts.
C．Lack of space. D．Lack of fund.
22．What can be inferred from what Leland Melvin says?
A．Exercise in space is physically demanding.
B．Lengthening wear time of clothes in space is practical.
C．The cooperation between NASA and P&G is workable.
D．New clothes are of benefit compared to used clothes.
23．What will P&G do in the next year?
A．Send detergent into space.
B．Send stain-removal pens and cloths into space.
C．Develop a washer-dryer machine using little water.
D．Operate a machine on the moon or even Mars.
24．In which section of a website may this text appear?
A．Science. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Politics.
（2023·陕西商洛·陕西省山阳中学校考一模）Parents have long been subject to the opinions of others, some of which include judgments about the number of toys they should provide for their children. Some suggest more toys show children they are more loved, while others argue more toys is overkill and a poor substitute for parental attention. Do our kids really need so many toys?
A US research team at the University of Toledo has conducted a simple experiment to test creativity in kids playing with toys. In the experiment, parents were asked to bring kids to a play area where the little ones were given either four toys or 16 toys to play alone with for 30 minutes. Each of the 36 kids who participated was observed by the researchers who were in search for activities that could be counted as creative.
The researchers found that the kids playing with four toys engaged in more creative activities than the kids who had 16 toys to choose from. They also found, unsurprisingly, that kids with fewer choices tended to play with each of the toys available to them for a longer amount of time. Much of that additional time was taken up with finding new ways to play with them.
The researchers are not suggesting that children should have fewer toys overall-instead, they are suggesting that children show more creativity if they only have the choice of playing with just a few of them at a time. They believe parents should keep most of their children’s toys locked away while their kids play with a small part at any given time. Lots of toys may curb kids’ creativity and focus, making it more difficult to get the most out of any one toy-fewer toys nudge (推动) them towards resourcefulness.
25．How did the researchers conduct the experiment?
A．By organizing a parent-child activity.
B．By referring to previous data.
C．By observing subjects’ behavior.
D．By interviewing many parents.
26．What did the researchers find from the experiment?
A．Children with fewer toys were more likely to feel alone.
B．Children were more creative while playing with fewer toys.
C．Children enjoyed spending much of their time finding toys.
D．Children with more toys focused on each one for a longer time.
27．What do the researchers suggest parents do about toys?
A．Keep less than four toys at home.
B．Play toys together with their kids.
C．Do not buy more toys for their kids.
D．Give their kids fewer toys each time.
28．What does the underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Inspire.
B．Limit.
C．Bring.
D．End.

（2023·陕西商洛·陕西省山阳中学校考一模）By the year 2050, Earth’s population is expected to reach nearly 10 billion people. With this growth comes a surprising demand for food resources. To find an effective way, to deal with the global food safety crisis, Enter X, Alphabet Inc launched Project Mineral, which focuses on “computational agriculture”, a term to describe new technologies that will further in- crease understanding about the plant world.
Can a machine be taught to understand the plant world? After years of work, Project Mineral leader Elliot Grant and his team’s latest prototype(原型)—a plant-scanning robot-will turn up at the Smithsonian’s “Futures” exhibition later this year. The four-wheeled plant robot, about as tall as a shipping container and as wide as a car, uses different cameras and other technology to monitor and find possible problems with plants.
As it rolls through the farmland, it can identify weeds, and measure the ripeness of fruits. The Mineral robot can become taller to take pictures of wheat plants, or widen to scan a broad bed of crops. What’s more, when the robot meets with different situations out in the field, it can accurately identify specific crops, traits or diseases.
Mineral has partnered with a farmer in the Philippines who is helping the team study diseases in bananas. Images of diseased bananas will be used to teach the robot how to detect diseases.
The robot also takes pictures of flowers and then uses the machine learning model to count a plant’s flowering speed, which is important to understand how a plant responds to its environment and predict the yields. Besides, the robot can measure all kinds of leaf sizes and detect greenness.
Though the robot has come a long way from its origin, it’s still a prototype, Mineral stresses that they’re constantly improving and working closely with experts in the agricultural field to understand plants further.
29．What is the purpose of Project Mineral?
A．To fight the global food safety crisis.
B．To find solutions to crop diseases.
C．To improve a plant-scanning robot.
D．To solve the population problems.
30．What is a feature of the Mineral robot?
A．It powers itself.
B．It moves with legs.
C．It looks like a ship.
D．It can adjust itself.
31．What can the Mineral robot do?
A．Grow plants on its own.
B．Help fight insects.
C．Detect crop diseases.
D．Remove bad fruits.
32．How does the Mineral robot predict crop yields?
A．By observing the ripeness of fruits.
B．By calculating how fast plants flower.
C．By analyzing the shape of plants’ leaves.
D．By analyzing images of diseased plants.

（2023秋·江西宜春·高三统考一模）People who suffer from frequent nightmares or terrible dreams have a problem called nightmare disorder (梦魇症). It will cause one difficult to fall and stay asleep. There is no universally agreed reason why we dream, much less have nightmares.
But now, sleep scientists Thomas Kilkenny and his colleagues from Switzerland may have found a new way to make sure your rest stays peaceful and undisturbed. In their study, they found that combining a way called imagery rehearsal therapy (想象预演疗法) with targeted memory reactivation (目标记忆激活) helps to reduce those annoying nightmares.
Imagery rehearsal therapy is a commonly used tool for people with nightmares. A psychologist will ask the individual to describe a recurring nightmare and identify possible reasons. Afterward they work with the patient to “rewrite” a new ending to the dream with a more pleasant outcome. For example, if the nightmare involves someone chasing you down a dark alley, you can imagine turning to a passerby for help or imagine holding a weapon to protect you. The goal of rehearsing the ending is to change the nightmare to something less frightening and more peaceful.
The scientists included 60 people with nightmare disorder in an experiment to test their theory. They divided them into two groups, 30 in each. The first group were treated with imagery rehearsal therapy. And for the second group, they combined the imagery rehearsal therapy with targeted memory reactivation which uses different external stimuli as a cue to reactivate more pleasant memories from earlier in the day. “The study demonstrates again that imagery rehearsal therapy alone works to imnprove the nightmare disorder,” says Thomas Kilkenny, “However, people with the additional targeted memory reactivation during sleep had a better reduction in weekly nightmares and were more likely to create dreams from positive memories. ”
“We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive,” said Lampro Pers, a psychiatrist at the Sleep Laboratory of the Geneva University. “The benefits of using targeted memory reactivation may go beyond nightmare disorder. The combined therapy could prove effective for patients with PTSD, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders,” he added.
33．What is the purpose of the third paragraph?
A．To state the study background of IRT. B．To show a unique goal of IRT.
C．To explain the research method of IRT. D．To describe a common tool of IRT.
34．How does Thomas Kilkenny illustrate his findings in Paragraph 4?
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing data.
C．By analyzing reasons. D．By giving definitions.
35．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Scientists have reached common perspectives on nightmares so far.
B．People with weekly nightmares will be positive by rewriting a new ending.
C．Scientists have found a combined way to reduce nightmares after experiment.
D．People with anxiety disorders will stay peaceful forever with the new therapy.
36．What is Lampro Pers’ attitude to this new study?
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Appreciative.

（2023·广西柳州·统考二模）Human history has a few common themes, one of which is the written word. Humans have been printing as well as writing since 3, 000BC-the Ancient Egyptians as well as the Chinese used stamps like those available today to imprint images onto cloth. When the Chinese scholar Ts’ai Lun allegedly made the first piece of paper in 750 AD, printing boosted as well.
In Europe, books were literally hand written until around the 11th century. Producing books was a time consuming process at that period. Then, in the 11th century, Chinese provided the next innovation in printing. Pi Sheng, one of the most important men in the history of printing, created clay characters which formed the first moveable type. By the 12th century Europe was making its own paper, and by the 13th century bronze typefaces are being created. Books were being printed using these early techniques by 1397 AD．
As printing was expensive, most books were still written by hand. By 1507 people were exploring the world of colour printing. The printing press became cheaper to manufacture and quicker to use, meaning that more books were being printed. People became more educated as material was more widely available. In1837 colour printing began to resemble what we see today, with full colour adverts appearing for the first time. Offset printing(胶印)arrived in 1903 - this method is still widely used today for printing newspapers and magazines.
Today, digital technology has completely changed how we print. 3D printing was invented by Chuck Hull-the process is not printing as we traditionally think of it; it works by building up layers of plastic in order to form an object. It is thought that at some point it will be possible to “print” human organs, potentially saving thousands of lives; while it may seem impossible right now, the way printing has advanced, there’s no saying that it won’t eventually become a reality. Only time will tell where the printing industry will go.
37．How does the author lead in the topic?
A．By telling a story.
B．By listing figures.
C．By presenting facts.
D．By giving examples.
38．What can we learn about books in Europe before 11th century?
A．They were hand written.
B．They were widely available.
C．They were printed by Pi Sheng.
D．They were printed with colors.
39．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Master.
B．Make.
C．Operate.
D．Spread.
40．Where would this passage most probably appear?
A．A guidebook.
B．A campus survey.
C．A news report.
D．A science magazine.

参考答案：
1．D    2．A    3．C    4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了为了避免鸟类在迁徙季节和玻璃相碰撞导致死亡，费城开展了志愿项目，鼓励建筑在午夜至清晨六点之间关闭或调暗不必要的外部和内部灯光。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段关键句“Each year, as many as one billion birds are killed in the US from collisions (相撞) with glass windows and buildings every year.”（每年，美国有多达10亿只鸟类因与玻璃窗和建筑物相撞而死亡。）和“Nearly 100 species of birds are known to have died out from crashes with buildings and other structures in Philadelphia.”（据了解，费城有近100种鸟类因与楼房和其他建筑物相撞而灭绝。）可知，文章第一段告诉我们鸟类因与玻璃窗和建筑物相撞而导致死亡，费城有近100种鸟类因与楼房和其他建筑物相撞而灭绝，由此可知，第一段主要讲的是费城鸟类和玻璃相碰撞产生的严重后果。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Paired with a terrible storm of weather and fog conditions, the bright city and building lights attracted and confused the migrating birds, causing them to crash with buildings and outdoor structures.”（再加上可怕的风暴天气和大雾天气，明亮的城市和建筑灯光吸引并迷惑了迁徙的鸟类，导致它们与建筑物和室外结构相撞。）可知，可怕的风暴天气和大雾天气增加了迁徙的鸟类与建筑物和室外结构相撞的机率，由此可知，2020年10月2日，恶劣的天气条件增加了迁徙的鸟类的危险。故选A项。
3．词义猜测题。根据画线单词句中“to reduce the amount and intensity of artificial light at night”（减少夜间人造光的数量和强度）可知，上文的方法是为了减少夜间人造光的数量和强度，由此可知，我们是通过使玻璃不透光来减少夜间人造光的数量和强度，“Lightproof”意为“不透光的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段内容“Called Lights Out Philly, the voluntary program in Philadelphia encourages buildings to turn out or dim unnecessary external and internal lights between midnight and six o’clock early in the morning to protect birds as they pass through during migration seasons.”（费城的这项名为“关灯费城”的志愿项目鼓励建筑在午夜至清晨六点之间关闭或调暗不必要的外部和内部灯光，以保护鸟类在迁徙季节通过。）可知，本文主要介绍了为了避免鸟类在迁徙季节和玻璃相碰撞导致死亡，费城开展了志愿项目，鼓励建筑在午夜至清晨六点之间关闭或调暗不必要的外部和内部灯光，“Philadelphia Turns out Lights to Save Migrating Birds”意为“费城关灯拯救迁徙的鸟类”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
5．D    6．A    7．B    8．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项最新的科学研究，该研究发现晚上太晚吃饭可能会导致体重增加。
5．细节理解题。根据第三中段中“The first group was required to eat their meals early in the day and the other with each meal 250 minutes late(第一组按照要求白天早吃饭，另一组每顿饭晚吃250分钟)”可知，这两组实验对象的不同之处在于他们的吃饭时间不同，故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“According to the researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, eating late at night increases the risk of obesity and weight gain.(根据布列根和妇女医院的研究，晚上进食晚会增加肥胖和增重的风险)”可知，想要不发胖应该避免晚上太晚吃饭，故选A项。
7．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第三句“The level of leptin (瘦蛋白) inhibits the human appetite. It was reduced across the period of 24 hours due to late eating.(瘦蛋白的水平会抑制人的食欲。由于进食晚，它的水平在24小时区间内降低了)”和指代关系可推知，画线词指代的是上文中“The level of leptin (瘦蛋白)”，故选B项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，结合第一段最后一句“It has been said that when we eat late at night, we’re going against our body’s rhythm.(据说当我们晚上晚就餐的时候，我们就违背了身体的节奏)”以及最后一段第一句“This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight.(这项研究提出了大量的依据：涉及到体重的时候，时间规划非常重要)”可知，本文是一篇和身体科学有关的科学研究，最有可能来自健康杂志，故选A项。
9．A    10．B    11．C    12．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的几率是20年前的两倍，攀登过程中死亡率也降低了。
9．细节理解题。根据根据第二段第二句“They found that the risk of dying on the mountain was 0.5 percent for women and 1.1 percent for men in recent years. (他们发现，近年来，女性死于山上的风险为0.5%，男性为1.1%)”可知，目前女性死于登山的风险为0.5%。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中第四句“If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness. (如果拥挤减慢登山者的速度（正如预期的那样），这会增加他们接触恶劣天气的机会，因而加发生事故或疾病的风险)”可知，death zone减缓登山者的速度，增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，也就增加了发生事故或生病的风险。故选B项。
11．词义猜测题。根据前文和最后一段“Climbers have expressed concen that Nepal was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 authorization to climb Everest. (登山者表示对尼泊尔正在向任何愿意向政府支付11000美元攀登珠穆朗玛峰的authorization而担忧)”可知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰很危险，但无论是谁愿意支付11,000美元来攀登珠峰，尼泊尔政府都会发放许可，这一点使得攀登者们担忧。故推测此处画线词authorization的意思是“授权，许可”的意思。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“People climbing Qomolangma are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest is the tallest mountain above sea level on the earth. It reaches 8,848.86 meters into the sky. Between2006 and 2020, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top. (一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人到达山顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登中死亡的可能性也更小。珠穆朗玛峰是地球上海拔最高的山峰。它达到8848.86米的天空。在2006年至2020年期间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人一路走上了顶峰)”可知，文章主要介绍了有关攀登珠峰的新研究发现：与20年前相比，攀登珠峰的人成功登顶的可能性增加了两倍，死于攀登的可能性也降低了。D项A New Study of Climbing Mount Everest作为文章标题最佳。故选D项。
13．B    14．D    15．D    16．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且这种新型充电口罩既经济又环保。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The disinfecting(消毒) process takes about half an hour...(消毒过程耗时大约30分钟)”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.(恩伊莱说，一次性口罩既不经济也不环保。他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，科学家们发明这种新口罩，是为了让它们既经济又环保。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But he cautioned that repeated heating could ‘damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future’.(但他警告说，反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的纸张或面料，并破坏其未来抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龙·摩西教授担心的是反复加热对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.(以色列研究人员称，他们已经发明了一种可重复使用的口罩，可以通过从手机充电器充电来加热杀死冠状病毒)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要围绕这种可通过充电加热杀死病毒的新口罩展开介绍。C项“一种发热的杀菌口罩”作为文章标题最佳。故选C。
17．A    18．B    19．D    20．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多年不骑自行车但仍记得如何骑自行车这一现象来说明记忆的不同类型及其特点。
17．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.(我们大多数人在童年时期就学会了如何骑自行车。但随着年龄的增长，我们中的许多人停止骑行，并将那些曾经心爱的自行车存放起来。多年后，当我们发现这些遗物并跳上去时，就好像我们从未停止过骑自行车一样。)”可知，我们尽管多年不骑自行车，但是再重新去骑自行车时仍然会骑，结合下文中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，我们多年不骑车，怎么我们还会骑呢？所以首段的作用是引出本文的话题。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred.(有两种类型的陈述性记忆。诸如我们开始上学的那一天之类的经历的记忆称为情景记忆。这种类型的回忆是我们对发生的情节或事件的解释。)”可知，陈述性记忆有两种，其中一种就是与经历有关。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.(尽管H.M.的手眼协调技能在他执行这项任务的几天中有所提高，但他从未记得执行过这项任务。这意味着他可以发展新的程序性记忆，但不是陈述性的记忆。)”可知，他能够培养程序性记忆，但是不能培养陈述性记忆，由此可知，程序性记忆的更不容易忘记。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，本文通过骑自行车的现象提出问题：为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车？再结合下文对这一问题的做出的回答，以及尾段“So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”(因此，我们内化的简单运动序列，即使在遥远的过去，通常也会被保存一生。这“就像骑自行车一样”。)”做出结论性的回答，由以上内容可以判断出，本文主要讲述的是为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车。故选A项。
21．C    22．C    23．B    24．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局与宝洁公司合作，研究如何在太空中最好地清洁宇航员的衣服。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段中“NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space.   They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.(美国宇航局正在与美国宝洁公司合作，了解在太空清洁宇航员衣物的最好方法。以便制作出可以像在地球上一样，能穿几个月甚至几年的衣服)”以及第四段中“NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly.   So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh?   An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year.   The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.(美国国家航空航天局表示，火箭的存储空间小且昂贵。所以，如果他们可以让旧衣服看起来和闻起来都很新鲜，为什么要浪费在新衣服上呢？宇航员在太空中每年需要68公斤的衣服。这些衣服会占用大量的存储空间，尤其是在为期三年的火星任务中)”可推知，NASA和宝洁公司的目标是解决太空中的空间不足问题。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.(前美国宇航局宇航员利兰·梅尔文（Leland Melvin）说，他们的运动服变得非常不舒服，以至于他们每周都要换一套新的。虽然美国宇航局和其他空间站合作伙伴已经研究了通过特殊服装来延长穿着时间的方法，但这不是一个长期的解决方案)”可推知，宇航员对衣服的需求量还是比较高的，单单是延长衣服在太空中的穿着时间，并不是一个长期的解决方案，所以NASA和宝洁的合作，能在太空中清洁宇航员的衣服是可行的。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts.(明年5月，他们将把污渍去除笔和布料送到国际空间站，供宇航员测试)”可知，宝洁公司明年会把去除污渍的笔和布送入太空。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space?   You may find the answer surprising—they do not.(你有没有想过宇航员是如何在太空中清洁衣物的？答案可能令你感到惊讶——他们不需要洗衣服)”可知，本文的主要讲述了宇航员的衣物清洁问题，目前不能洗衣服，然后后文说美国国家航空航天局想要改变这一点，开始和宝洁公司合作，一起开发在太空中清洗衣物最好的方法，可推知本文是在做科学普及，所以能在网站的科学部分出现这个文本。故选A项。
25．C    26．B    27．D    28．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，每次给孩子少一点玩具可以激发孩子们的创造力。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Each of the 36 kids who participated was observed by the researchers who were in search for activities that could be counted as creative.(研究人员观察了36名参与研究的孩子，他们在寻找可以算作创造性的活动。)”可知，研究人员通过观察实验对象，也就是孩子们，来进行试验。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers found that the kids playing with four toys engaged in more creative activities than the kids who had 16 toys to choose from.(研究人员发现，玩4个玩具的孩子比玩16个玩具的孩子更有创造力。)”可知，研究人员发现，孩子们玩更少的玩具时会更有创造力。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“They believe parents should keep most of their children’s toys locked away while their kids play with a small part at any given time.(他们认为父母应该把孩子的大部分玩具锁起来，而孩子在任何时候都可以玩一小部分。)”可知，研究人员建议家长们每次应该把大部分玩具锁起来，给孩子较少的玩具。故选D项。
28．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Lots of toys may curb kids’ creativity and focus, making it more difficult to get the most out of any one toy-fewer toys nudge  them towards resourcefulness.(大量的玩具可能会抑制孩子们的创造力和专注力，使他们更难从任何一个玩具中获得最大的价值——更少的玩具会促使他们变得机智。)”可知，一次给予大量的玩具会让孩子从任何一个玩具中获得最大益处变得更加困难，再根据上下文对比关系可知，此处指大量的玩具可能会限制孩子的创造力和专注力。B项“限制”符合句意。故选B项。
29．A    30．D    31．C    32．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Alphabet公司推出的新项目“矿物项目”，用于应对全球食品安全危机。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To find an effective way, to deal with the global food safety crisis, Enter X, Alphabet Inc launched Project Mineral, which focuses on “computational agriculture”,(为了找到一种有效的方法来应对全球食品安全危机，Alphabet公司推出了“矿物项目”)”可知，矿物项目的目的是应对全球食品安全危机。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Mineral robot can become taller to take pictures of wheat plants, or widen to scan a broad bed of crops.(Mineral机器人可以变高以拍摄小麦植株，也可以变宽以扫描广阔的作物床。)”可知，该机器人可以进行自我调整。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What’s more, when the robot meets with different situations out in the field, it can accurately identify specific crops, traits or diseases.(更重要的是，当机器人在野外遇到不同的情况时，它可以准确地识别特定的作物、性状或疾病。)”可知，该机器人能识别农作物的病害。故选C项。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The robot also takes pictures of flowers and then uses the machine learning model to count a plant’s flowering speed, which is important to understand how a plant responds to its environment and predict the yields.(机器人还会拍摄花朵的照片，然后使用机器学习模型来计算植物的开花速度，这对于了解植物对环境的反应和预测产量非常重要。)”可知，该机器人通过计算植物开花速度来预测其结果的数量。故选B项。
33．C    34．A    35．C    36．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家新的研究发现了减少梦魇症的方法。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Imagery rehearsal therapy is a commonly used tool for people with nightmares. A psychologist will ask the individual to describe a recurring nightmare and identify possible reasons. Afterward they work with the patient to “rewrite” a new ending to the dream with a more pleasant outcome. For example, if the nightmare involves someone chasing you down a dark alley, you can imagine turning to a passerby for help or imagine holding a weapon to protect you. The goal of rehearsing the ending is to change the nightmare to something less frightening and more peaceful.(意象排练疗法是治疗噩梦的常用工具。心理学家会要求患者描述反复出现的噩梦，并找出可能的原因。之后，他们与患者一起“重写”一个新的结局，让梦有一个更愉快的结果。例如，如果噩梦中有人在黑暗的小巷里追赶你，你可以想象向路人求助，或者想象拿着武器保护自己。排练结局的目的是让噩梦变得不那么可怕，更平静)”可推知，第三段的目的是为了解释想象预演疗法的研究方法。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists included 60 people with nightmare disorder in an experiment to test their theory. They divided them into two groups, 30 in each.(为了验证他们的理论，科学家们对60名患有噩梦障碍的人进行了实验。他们把他们分成两组，每组30人)”可知，实验通过对比方式开展。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, people with the additional targeted memory reactivation during sleep had a better reduction in weekly nightmares and were more likely to create dreams from positive memories.(然而，在睡眠中有额外的定向记忆再激活的人每周做噩梦的次数更少，更有可能从积极的记忆中创造梦境)”可知，C选项“科学家在实验后发现了一种减少噩梦的联合方法”正确。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive,” said Lampro Pers, a psychiatrist at the Sleep Laboratory of the Geneva University. “The benefits of using targeted memory reactivation may go beyond nightmare disorder. The combined therapy could prove effective for patients with PTSD, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders,” he added.(“我们观察到做噩梦的人迅速减少，同时梦的情绪也变得更加积极，”日内瓦大学睡眠实验室的精神病学家Lampro Pers说。“使用定向记忆再激活的好处可能不仅仅是噩梦障碍。这种联合疗法可能对患有创伤后应激障碍、焦虑症和情绪障碍的患者有效，”他补充说)”可推知，Lampro Pers对这项新研究的态度应该是积极肯定的。故选D。
37．C    38．A    39．B    40．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是印刷术的发展历史。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Human history has a few common themes, one of which is the written word. Humans have been printing as well as writing since 3, 000BC-the Ancient Egyptians as well as the Chinese used stamps like those available today to imprint images onto cloth. When the Chinese scholar Ts’ai Lun allegedly made the first piece of paper in 750 AD, printing boosted as well.(人类历史有几个共同的主题，其中一个就是文字。早在公元前3000年，人类就已经拥有了印刷术和书写技术——古埃及人和中国人都使用类似于今天的邮票将图像印在布料上。当中国学者蔡伦据说在公元750年制造了第一张纸时，印刷术也得到了发展。)”可知作者在引入印刷术的话题之前举了几个古代印刷术技术的例子，所以是通过举例来引入话题的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Europe, books were literally hand written until around the 11th century. (在欧洲，直到11世纪左右，书籍都是手写的。）”可知11世纪之前欧洲的书籍都是手写的。故选A项。
39．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“As printing was expensive, most books were still written by hand. By 1507 people were exploring the world of colour printing.(由于印刷费用昂贵，大多数书仍然是手写的。到1507年，人们开始探索彩色印刷的世界。) ”以及划线词之后“meaning that more books were being printed.(这意味着印刷了更多的书。)”可知，印刷机制造成本更低，使用速度更快，这意味着印刷的书籍更多，所以划线词的意思与B项make的意思相近。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了印刷术的发展历史，属于科学技术方面的话题，所以文章最有可能出自科学杂志。故选D项。