专题14 科学家-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）

这是一份专题14 科学家-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题），共19页。试卷主要包含了B．In 1973，B．In 1950等内容，欢迎下载使用。
备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)
专题14 科学家
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.
The Beagle

In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).
Down house

At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.
Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.
1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine?
A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult.
C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science.
2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin?
A．It helped him to finish his study at the university.
B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future.
C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.
D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.
3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life?
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural world.
d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.
e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.
f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.
A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b
4．Why did the writer include the last paragraph?
A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book.
B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.
C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas.
D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science.
（2022·四川省射洪县射洪中学外国语实验学校一模）On May 22, 2021, the whole nation was saddened by the news that Chinese scientist Yuan Longping died.
Dr. Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice. As a result of his research, the Chinese people are no longer worried about getting starved. His great work also helped the world produce more and more rice.
Yuan, born on Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating (毕业) from Southwest Agriculture College, he worked as a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.
Several natural disasters (天灾) hit China in the 1960s. Yuan, saw many people die of hunger every day. Since then, he has researched how to grow much better crops.
In 1964 , he happened to find a natural hybrid rice (杂交水稻) plant that had great advantages over others. Yuan was excited about his discovery. He then began to study the parts of this unusual plant.
In 1973, he started to develop a type of hybrid rice species (种类). It produced 20% more rice per unit than common ones. The seeding (种植) was very successful in the following year. This progress made China the world’s leader in rice production.
  More than 50% of China’s total rice fields grow Yuan’s hybrid species. People call him the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
Yuan once said he had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the food problem of the whole world.
5．What does the underlined word “starved” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．挨饿 B．受冻 C．致贫 D．开始
6．What can we learn about Yuan Longping according to the third paragraph?
A．He was born into a scientist’s family.
B．He was once a teacher at an agriculture school.
C．He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1930.
D．He liked planting rice.
7．When did Yuan Longping succeed in seeding hybrid rice?
A．In 1964. B．In 1973. C．In 1974. D．in 1967.
8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last three paragraphs?
A．Yuan’s hybrid rice can provide all people in the world with rice.
B．Yuan’s hybrid rice is grown in all of China’s rice fields.
C．Yuan’s hybrid rice made China the world’s leader in rice production.
D．He started to develop Hybrid Rice in 1930.
9．What does the story mainly talk about?
A．The “Father of Hybrid Rice”. B．How to grow rice.
C．Different rice species. D．Chinese like eating rice.
（2022·宁夏·银川市回民中学一模）Hello, everyone! I’d like to tell you something about a famous scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he got a chance to study in USA．After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories (导弹理论).
When he was 44, he returned to his motherland and the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. He made such important contributions to the missile and space programs that he was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. The Chinese people are proud of him.
He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but all the Chinese will remember him forever. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination (终点) is in China! ” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian. ” His spirit encourages us to love our country and devote ourselves to science.
10．When did Qian Xuesen return to his motherland?
A．In 1955. B．In 1950. C．In 1948. D．In 1958.
11．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．He graduated from Zhejiang University in 1933.
B．He got a chance to study in England in 1934.
C．He set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles in 1956.
D．He passed away on December 31, 2009.
12．What does the underlined word “qian” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Family name. B．Given name. C．Money. D．His hobby.
13．Why do people respect Qian Xuesen?
A．Because he was born in China. B．Because he was “The Father of China’s Missiles”.
C．Because he graduated from Jiao Tong University. D．Because he got a chance to study in USA．
（2022·江西·南昌市湾里管理局模拟预测）Gitanjali Rao missed her first day of eighth grade in 2018. Instead of going to school, she was busy being interviewed on the Tonight Show far away from home.
Why? Had she just won a singing competition or was she a popular TV star? Neither of these is correct. In fact, Rao was a teen scientist. On the show, she demonstrated an invention to find lead（铅） in drinking water.
This helped solve the water problem in Flint, Michigan, in 2017. Rao won the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist”. She was also named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List last year. Marvel—the famous comic company—even created a new superhero, Genius Gitanjali, to celebrate her work on clean water.
So when did Rao realize that she has a strong interest in science? Rao’s love for science actually began when she was 10 years old. The girl has always wanted to spread love and kindness through her inventions. Her most recent project is an app called Kindly. It uses AI to find cyberbullying（网络欺凌）, even if there is only one person being saved. Now, Rao’s list of honors has grown even longer. The 15-year-old girl has been chosen from more than 5,000 nominees（被提名者）as Time Magazine’s first ever Kid of the Year. With this prize, Rao says her goal has now changed from creating new apps to helping solve the world’s problems. She wants to encourage others to do the same as well.
14．What did Gitanjali Rao do on the first day of eighth grade?
A．She took more classes than usual.
B．She took part in a singing competition.
C．She found lead in drinking water at school.
D．She accepted an interview on the Tonight Show.
15．What does the underlined word “demonstrated” mean?
A．Sold. B．Repaired. C．Showed. D．Completed.
16．What’s the writer’s opinion of Gitanjali Rao?
A．Gitanjali Rao has made her achievements by accident.
B．Gitanjali Rao sets an example who is clever and helpful.
C．Gitanjali Rao was too young to help solve the world’s problems.
D．Gitanjali Rao was lucky to get the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist”.
（2022·天津河西·二模）At the age of 16, Einstein always played with a group of mischievous (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. Because he was so busy playing, he didn’t study enough and failed his final exam.
One morning, when Einstein was holding a fishing rod (钓鱼竿) and was about to go fishing with his friends, his father stopped him and said calmly, “Einstein, you spent so much time playing that you failed your exam. I’m worried about your future.”
“What are you worried about? Jack and Robert also failed, but don’t they still get to go fishing?”
“My boy, you can’t think like that,” his dad said. “There is a fable (寓言) that people tell in our hometown. I will tell it to you now.”
“There were two cats playing on top of a house. One cat got caught off guard (措手不及) and fell down the chimney (烟囱) while holding the other cat. When the two cats climbed out of the chimney, one of the cats had soot (烟灰) on his face, while the other cat’s face was clean. Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thought its own face must be dirty, so it quickly ran to the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.
“Einstein, no one can be your mirror (镜子). You have to think for yourself. If you just do what everyone else does, you will never learn.”
Hearing this, Einstein put down his fishing rod and returned to his room. He decided to pay more attention to his studies and less attention to what his friends were doing. This allowed him to be successful.
17．What was Einstein’s main problem, according to his father?
A．He was not good at maths. B．He didn’t play often enough.
C．He played with mischievous kids. D．He didn’t take his final exam.
18．What do we know from the fable?
A．The dirty cat fell into the chimney first. B．The dirty cat washed its face clean.
C．The clean cat didn’t wash its face. D．Both cats made the wrong decision.
19．What does the underlined word “swaggered” mean?
A．Ran very quickly. B．Walked in a proud and confident way.
C．Felt foolish. D．Laughed loudly.
20．What lesson did Einstein learn from his father?
A．Friends are like a mirror of ourselves. B．The wise are one step away from being the fool.
C．Don’t make a decision according to others. D．There are no easy ways to success.
21．How did Einstein feel at the end of the story?
A．Angry about what his father said. B．Sorry about what he did.
C．Excited about fishing again. D．Disappointed by the fable.
（2022·广西·河池市宜州区教育局教学研究室二模）阅读以下短文，根据短文内容，从下面各小题所给的四个备选项中，选出最佳选项。
“I spent my whole life doing one thing,” Gu Fangzhou once said. Known as “the father of sugar pills (糖丸)”, Gu passed away at age 92 on January 2, 2019. Eight months later, he received a national honorary title (荣誉称号) “the People’s Scientist” for his polio (脊髓灰质炎) research.
Gu Fangzhou, a famous medical scientist, was born in June, 1926. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944. After graduation, Gu made the decision to work to help improve public health.
In 1955, polio broke out in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 people, mostly children aged below seven. It spread to neighboring areas and resulted in 466 deaths. Gu was asked to lead polio research in 1957. “At that time the only way to prevent polio was to invent a vaccine (疫苗),” said Gu.
In 1959 Gu succeeded in developing the first polio live vaccine. Later, he developed the “sugar-coated pill” vaccine in the early 1960s. It not only tasted better but was more affordable and easier to keep. In order to test the vaccine, Gu himself tried the vaccine and later his one-month-old son was vaccinated. This inspired his team to vaccinate their kids. They became the first group of people in China to try a polio vaccine. “If we don’t believe in what we produce, how can others believe in it?” said Gu.
Gradually, the sugar-coated polio vaccine was made available in China. It saved millions of people, especially kids, from being disabled. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that China was already a polio-free country. “We feel satisfied. I can tell people that I tried my best, and your kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu. “That’s all we hoped for.”
22．The right order of the following events is ________.
①Gu Fangzhou became “the People’s Scientist”
②Gu Fangzhou was asked to lead polio research
③Gu Fangzhou went to university
④Gu Fangzhou lost his father
A．④③①② B．③④①② C．③④②① D．④③②①
23．Gu Fangzhou entered Peking University at the age of ________.
A．15 B．16 C．18 D．20
24．In 1955________ persons died of polio.
A．466 B．1959 C．1680 D．1960
25．________ was the first person to try the polio vaccine in China.
A．Gu Fangzhou’s son B．Gu Fangzhou himself
C．Gu Fangzhou’s partner D．Gu Fangzhou’s partner’s kid
26．The best title for the passage is ________.
A．A Great Medical Scientist B．An Important Medical Invention
C．The Hard Work of Preventing Polio D．Some Facts About the Polio Vaccine
（2022·山东临沂·三模）For the past 20 years, the Touching China annual people award has honored people from all walks of life across the country. They are people who warm our hearts with their actions. On March 3 2022, the 2021 Touching China Award ceremony aired on CCTV. Ten inspirational role models were on the list, Yang Zhenning is one of them. When mentioning the greatest theoretical physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning is a name never to be forgotten.
Yang was born on September 22, 1922, in Hefei Anhui, China, and grew up in the peaceful and academical atmosphere of the campus of Tsinghua University. From a young age he had an interest in physics. At the age of 12, Yang showed his great ambition to win a Nobel Prize after being attracted by a book about the unknowns of the universe.
With this goal in mind, Yang studied hard. After getting a master’s degree in Tsinghua University in 1944, Yang got the opportunity to further his studies in the United States. There he met another Chinese student, Tsung-dao Lee (李政道), who shared the same interests, and they often discussed the physics issues together.
In 1957, the two jointly proposed the theory of parity non-conservation in weak interactions (弱相互作用中宇称不守恒), which made a great contribution to high-energy physics. Once the theory was put forward, it immediately caused a sensation (轰动) in the physics community. Months later, the two won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It let other Chinese people know that Chinese scientists could stand out in the global science community and be on the global frontier (前沿) to compete with their peers.
At the Nobel Banquet, Yang also expressed his pride, saying, “I am as proud of my Chinese heritage and background as I am devoted to modern science, a part of human civilization of Western origin.” No matter where he has been, Yang Zhenning has always had his motherland in mind.
However, the frozen Sino-US relationship prevented Chinese scientists who obtained (获得) doctoral degrees from the US like Yang from returning to China. In 1971, Yang finally got the chance to return to China for a visit. Later, to support domestic education, Yang sold a mansion in the US, donating all the money to Tsinghua University. In 2003, Yang returned to China and also taught at Tsinghua. Under his influence, many overseas Chinese also returned to China to make contributions, such as Turing Award winner Yao Qizhi, physicist Wu Xiaogang, mathematician Zhang Shouwu.
27．Which of the following statements is wrong?
A．Yang Zhenning knew Tsung-dao Lee in Tsinghua University and got the Nobel Prize together.
B．Yang Zhenning takes pride in owning Chinese background.
C．Yang Zhenning couldn’t return his motherland because of the Sino-US relationship.
28．What does the underlined word mean?
A．站出来 B．表现 C．站起来
29．What’s the best title for this article?
A．Yang Zhenning’s love to his country.
B．Yang Zhenning’s influence.
C．Yang Zhenning-one of the 2021 Touching China annual people.
30．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C．
（2022·江苏苏州·一模）Dr. Jane Goodall is one of the most famous primatologists (灵长类动物学家) in the world. Her love of animals and Africa began when she was little. At 26, Goodall travelled by boat to Tanzania, in Africa. While she was there, she made one of the greatest discoveries in the animal world.
During her time in the Tanzanian jungle (丛林), Goodall used a method different from that of other primatologists. Instead of numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began to earn their trust, creating a connection and then being accepted by the animals as a member of the group. Not only did Goodall prove the idea that chimpanzees are vegetarians wrong—she saw them eating meat in 1961—but she also found that it’s not only humans who make and use tools. Gooddall watched as two chimps, named David Greybeard and Goliath, used sticks to fish for insects. She strongly believed, and finally proved, that chimpanzees have feelings and personalities—just like we do.
In 1977, she set up the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. It’s a charity that works to protect chimpanzees. In 1991, Goodall and 16 Tanzanian students set up Roots & Shoots, which she describes as a “programme for young people in which they decide on projects to improve the world for people, animals and the environment.” Tens of thousands of young people across nearly 100 countries have been part of Roots & Shoots.
Goodall has written several books and appeared in lots of wildlife documentaries to spread her message of protecting chimpanzees and the planet we share with them. She spends much of her year travelling around the world. She speaks to many different people to make them realize the danger chimpanzees face.
31．What can we learn about Goodall according to the passage?
A．She was accepted into a chimpanzee community.
B．She studied chimpanzees to make herself famous.
C．She failed to prove that chimpanzees have feelings.
D．She started a charity called Roots & Shoots in 1977.
32．What does the underlined word “vegetarians” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Those that have personalities. B．Those that live in large groups.
C．Those that live on vegetables. D．Those that make and use tools.
33．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Roots & Shoots B．Studies on Chimpanzee
C．Far from the crowd D．The Champion of Chimps
（2022·广东广州·一模）Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, 1642. From the very first Newton was very much interested in the mysteries of nature. Why did objects move? Why could we see that stones rolled down hills, wind blew leaves along the ground, and heavy objects fell to the earth when dropped?
At the age of twenty-three, Isaac Newton moved from Cambridge to his country home. There, his thoughts turned to the problems of motion (运动定律). As Newton himself later told the story, he was sitting in the garden one evening, thinking, when he noticed a falling apple. The apple set him to wondering about the movement of falling objects.
It occurred to him that the force which caused fruit to fall from trees worked as well at greater distances from the center of the earth—on top of buildings or even on top of mountains. Perhaps, thought Newton, this same force reached out much farther still, even to the moon. Newton began to search for a mathematical expression of his idea.
In 1669, Newton became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. Three years later, he joined the Royal Society. Before long, Newton began again to study the problems of motion. At last, he seemed to have solved the main difficulties, but he did not publish his findings at once.
Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new theory. Newton’s great work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, marked the success of the Scientific Revolution. Newton put the famous three laws of motion in it. Newton was soon recognized as the leader of English science. In 1703, he became the president of the Royal Society.
Science was never quite the same after Newton’s discoveries. No wonder that the eighteenth-century poet Pope, looking back at Newton’s work, wrote: Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night; God said, Let Newton be!—And all was light.
Newton, however, never rested on his fame (名望). He continued to work and study. In his last years, he once said to a friend, “I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy, playing on the seashore, and now and then finding a smoother pebble (鹅卵石) or a prettier shell, while the great ocean of truth lay undiscovered before me.”
34．Where did Newton begin to turn to the problems of motion?
A．At home. B．At Cambridge. C．Outside the garden. D．On top of a building.
35．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.
A．the Royal Society B．the success of the Scientific Revolution
C．Newton’s new theory D．The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
36．In what order did the following events happen to Newton?
a. He became curious about the movement of falling objects.
b. He published his new theory.
c. He joined the Royal Society.
d. He showed great interest in the mysteries of nature.
e. He was recognized as the leader of English science.
A．d-a-c-b-e B．d-c-a-e-b C．a-d-c-e-b D．a-d-e-b-c
37．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Newton acted like a little boy. B．Newton continued to work for fame.
C．Newton liked playing on the seashore. D．Newton only focused on working and studying.
（2022·江西·模拟预测）We are familiar with telescope now. But do you know who invented it? Many people think it’s Galileo. Is that the truth? Galileo was a famous Italian scientist who discovered Jupiter’s (木星的) four largest moons in 1610. He lived from 1564 to 1642. He did not invent the telescope that he used to see those moons. In fact, he just made the telescope better.
Hans Lippershey was a man from Holland who made eyeglasses. He invented the telescope in 1608 while making eyeglasses. He wanted to see things far away on land. So he put known technology and his imagination together and came up with the telescope.
The Dutch government tried to keep the invention a secret, but it didn’t work that way. Galileo heard about it and built his own. Galileo’s telescope was three times more powerful than Lippershey’s, and Galileo got the idea to turn it to the night sky. And in 1611, he made sure that Earth wasn’t the center of the universe. So Galileo was the first to use a telescope to watch the universe.
Galileo is often thought to have invented the telescope because he made so many important discoveries with it. Besides, Galileo invented many other things, including the microscope. But the telescope isn’t just his invention.
38．How old was Galileo when he discovered Jupiter’s four largest moons?
A．44 B．46 C．64 D．78
39．What can we learn about Lippershey from the passage?
A．He was an Italian. B．He made eyeglasses.
C．He was afraid of Galileo. D．He liked watching stars with a telescope.
40．What can’t we call Galileo according to the passage ?
A．a scientist B．an inventor C．an astronaut D．a physicist
41．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Galileo?
A．He made many important discoveries with the telescope.
B．He discovered Earth was not the center of the universe.
C．He was the first to watch the night sky with a telescope.
D．He was the first Italian man to wear eyeglasses.

参考答案：
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
【导语】
本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据“When he finally arrived back in Britain”可知，他回到英国。根据“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。
5．A
6．B
7．C
8．C
9．A
【导语】
本文介绍了中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平。
5．词义猜测题。根据“Dr. Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice.As a result of his research，the Chinese people are no longer worried about getting starved.His great work also helped the world produce more and more rice.”可知，由于袁隆平的研究帮助世界生产更多的大米，中国人不再担心挨饿，所以单词“starved”指的是“挨饿”，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“Yuan, born on Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating(毕业) from Southwest Agriculture College, he worked as a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.”可知，他曾经是一所农业学校的老师。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“In 1973, he started to develop a type of hybrid rice species(种类). It produced 20% more rice per unit than common ones. The seeding(种植) was very successful in the following year.”可知，1973年，他开始培育一种杂交水稻品种。它的单位产量比普通水稻多出20%。第二年播种非常成功。所以袁隆平成功播种杂交水稻是在1974年，故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“This progress made China the world’s leader in rice production.”以及后面的介绍可知，袁隆平的杂交水稻使中国成为世界水稻生产的领导者。故选C。
9．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平，故选A。
10．A
11．C
12．C
13．B
【导语】
本文主要介绍了伟大的科学家——钱学森。
10．细节理解题。根据“He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911”以及“When he was 44, he returned to his motherland and the country’s space research was almost a blank.”可知他出生于1911年，他44岁的时候回到祖国，即1955年回到祖国。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles.”可知1956年，他成立了第一个火箭导弹研究所。故选C。
12．词义猜测题。根据“he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, ‘My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.’”可知如果他待在美国，他会挣更多的钱，但是他不喜欢钱，选择报效祖国，故此处划线部分意为“钱”。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“He made such important contributions to the missile and space programs that he was honored as ‘The Father of China’s Missiles’. The Chinese people are proud of him”可知他为导弹和航天事业做出了重要贡献，被誉为“中国导弹之父”，中国人民以他为荣。故选B。
14．D
15．C
16．B
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一个十几岁的科学家——拉奥的故事。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of going to school,she was busy being interviewed on the Tonight Show far away from home.”可知她接受了《今夜秀》的采访。故选D。
15．词义猜测题。根据第二段“ In fact, Rao was a teen scientist. On the show, she...an invention to find lead（铅） in drinking water.”可知，应是“展示一项发明，“demonstrated”的意思应为“展示”。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据第四段“Rao’s love for science actually began when she was 10 years old. The girl has always wanted to spread love and kindness through her inventions. ”和“Rao says her goal has now changed from creating new apps to helping solve the world’s problems. She wants to encourage others to do the same as well.”可知拉奥树立了一个聪明、乐于助人的榜样。故选B。
17．C
18．D
19．B
20．C
21．B
【导语】
本文讲述了青少年时期的爱因斯坦由于总和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，导致考试不及格。他的父亲给他讲了一个有关两只小猫的寓言故事，最终他明白了一个道理：不要看别人做什么自己就做什么，要懂得分辨。
17．
细节理解题。根据“At the age of 16, Einstein always played with a group of mischievous (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. ”可知，青少年时期的爱因斯坦总是和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，这使他学习不够努力最终导致考试不及格的原因。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thought its own face must be dirty, so it quickly ran to the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.”可知，干净的猫由于看到脏猫，所以去洗了脸。而脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了，两只猫都做了错误的选择。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.”可知，脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了。动词“swaggered”体现了脏猫未发现自己脸上有灰时的自信。故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据“You have to think for yourself. If you just do what everyone else does, you will never learn.”可知，父亲的寓言故事告诉孩子一个道理，即人要有自己思考的意识，如果一味地效仿他人，将一事无成。故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据“He decided to pay more attention to his studies and less attention to what his friends were doing.”可知，爱因斯坦决定多注意他的学习，少注意他的朋友们在做什么，可推知他对自己所做的一切感到抱歉，故选B。
22．D
23．C
24．A
25．B
26．A
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一名被授予“人民科学家”国家荣誉称号的科学家——顾方舟。
22．
细节理解题。根据“Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father.”，“He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944.”，“Gu was asked to lead polio research in 1957.”和“Gu passed away at age 92 on January 2, 2019. Eight months later, he received a national honorary title (荣誉称号) “the People’s Scientist” for his polio (脊髓灰质炎) research.”可知，事件发生的正确的顺序是④③②①。故选D。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Gu Fangzhou, a famous medical scientist, was born in June, 1926.”和“He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944.”可知，他在18岁的时候进入了北京大学。故选C。
24．
细节理解题。根据“In 1955, polio broke out in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 people, mostly children aged below seven. It spread to neighboring areas and resulted in 466 deaths.”可知，在1955年幼466人死于脊髓灰质炎。故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据“In 1959 Gu succeeded in developing the first polio live vaccine.”可知，顾方舟本人是中国第一个尝试研制脊髓灰质炎疫苗的人。故选B。
26．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一名被授予“人民科学家”国家荣誉称号的科学家——顾方舟。A选项A Great Medical Scientist“伟大的医学科学家”符合题意。故选A。
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．C
【导语】
本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。
27．细节理解题。根据“Yang got the opportunity to further his studies in the United States. There he met another Chinese student, Tsung-dao Lee (李政道), who shared the same interests, and they often discussed the physics issues together.”可知，杨振宁是在美国遇见了李政道，不是在清华大学。故选A。
28．词句猜测题。根据“It let other Chinese people know that Chinese scientists could stand out in the global science community and be on the global frontier (前沿) to compete with their peers.”可知，中国科学家可以在全球科学界脱颖而出，站在全球前沿与同行竞争。此处stand out与选项A意思相近，故选A。
29．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。故选C。
30．篇章结构题。根据第一段可知，主要引出2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁，也就是即将要介绍的主人公；第二至五段介绍了杨振宁的个人经历和获得诺贝尔物理学奖的过程；最后一段介绍了杨振宁对于中国海外学生的影响，故选C。
31．A
32．C
33．D
【导语】
本文介绍了简·古道尔是世界上著名的灵长类动物学家，她对黑猩猩进行大量的研究。她写了几本书，并传播保护黑猩猩以及与它们共享地球的信息。
31．
推理判断题。根据“Instead of numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began to earn their trust, creating a connection and then being accepted by the animals as a member of the group.”可知，简·古道尔被一个黑猩猩群体所接纳。故选A。
32．
词句猜测题。根据“she saw them eating meat in 1961”可知，她看见黑猩猩吃肉，因此表示它们不是素食主义者，以蔬菜为生，故选C。
33．
标题归纳题。根据“Dr. Jane Goodall is one of the most famous primatologists (灵长类动物学家) in the world.”和“Instead of numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began to earn their trust, creating a connection and then being accepted by the animals as a member of the group.”可知，简·古道尔是世界上著名的灵长类动物学家，她研究黑猩猩，被一个黑猩猩的群体接受，因此本文主要介绍了她是黑猩猩的拥护者，故选D。
34．A
35．D
36．A
37．D
【导语】
本文向我们介绍著名的科学家牛顿的故事。
34．细节理解题。根据“At the age of twenty-three, Isaac Newton moved from Cambridge to his country home. There, his thoughts turned to the problems of motion.”可知，23岁时，牛顿从剑桥搬到了他乡下的家，在那里他的思想转向运动问题。故选A。
35．词义猜测题。分析“Newton’s great work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, marked the success of the Scientific Revolution. Newton put the famous three laws of motion in it.”可知，牛顿的伟大作品《自然哲学的数学原理》标志着科学革命的成功，在这本书中牛顿提出了著名的运动三定律。所以此处“it”指的是The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy这本书，故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据“From the very first Newton was very much interested in the mysteries of nature.”，“The apple set him to wondering about the movement of falling objects.”，“Three years later, he joined the Royal Society.”，“Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new theory.”和“Newton was soon recognized as the leader of English science.”可知，事情发生的顺序是d-a-c-b-e，故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据“Newton, however, never rested on his fame. He continued to work and study.”可知，牛顿从不满足于他的名声，他继续工作和学习。所以牛顿只专注于工作和学习，而不是名声，故选D。
38．B
39．B
40．C
41．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述有关伽利略的情况，客观讲述了有关望远镜和伽利略的关系，纠正人们在认知上的看法，也肯定了伽利略的贡献。
38．
细节理解题。根据“discovered…in 1610”和“he lived from 1564 to 1642”可以推出伽利略当时46岁。故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Hans Lippershey was a man from Holland who made eyeglasses”可知他是一个眼镜制造商。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据“Galileo was a famous Italian scientist who discovered Jupiter’s (木星的) four largest moons in 1610”以及“Galileo invented many other things”可知伽利略是一个科学家、发明家，而且他发现了木星的四个最大卫星，说明他还是一个物理学家，文中没有提到他是一个航天员。故选C。
41．
细节理解题。根据“he made so many important discoveries with it”可知他用望远镜做了很多重要的发现，选项A表述正确；根据“Earth wasn’t the center of the universe”可知伽利略发现地球不是宇宙的中心，选项B表述正确；根据“Galileo was the first to use a telescope to watch the universe”可知伽利略是第一个使用望远镜观察宇宙的人，选项C表述正确。故选D。