中考英语二轮复习【讲通练透】 考点03 名词词义辨析

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中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。  【讲通练透】专题03  名词词义辨析常考点归纳常考点 名词词义辨析【典例1】（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.A．treasure B．resolution C．pleasure D．standard【答案】A【详解】句意：中国传统医学是我们民族的伟大财富。考查名词辨析。treasure财富；resolution决议；pleasure快乐；standard标准。根据“Traditional Chinese Medicine”可知，中国传统医学是巨大的财富，结合选项，treasure符合句意。故选A。【典例2】（2021·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Bill has a great ________ of humour and often makes people laugh.A．sense B．excuse C．pride D．dream【答案】A【详解】句意：比尔有很强的幽默感，他总是让大家发笑。考查名词辨析。sense感觉；excuse借口；pride骄傲；dream梦想。根据后文“...often makes people laugh”，可知是说他有幽默感，a sense of humor意为“幽默感”，故选A。【典例3】（2021·山东济南·中考真题） —What would you like, sir?—A cup of ________, please.A．potato B．coffee C．banana D．hamburger【答案】B【详解】句意：——你想要什么，先生？——一杯咖啡，谢谢。考查名词辨析。potato土豆；coffee咖啡；banana香蕉；hamburger汉堡。根据量词“cup”可知，空处应是coffee，咖啡。故选B。【典例4】（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）Mary, put on the ________ to keep your hands warm.A．gloves B．glasses C．socks D．jeans【答案】A【详解】句意：玛丽，戴上手套让你的手暖和点。考查名词辨析。gloves手套；glasses眼镜；socks袜子；jeans牛仔裤。根据“to keep your hands warm”可知，手套让手暖和，故选A。【典例5】（2021·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.A．information B．pronunciation C．introduction D．communication【答案】D【详解】句意：在两个人的对话中，65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。考查名词辨析。information信息；pronunciation发音；introduction介绍；communication交流；根据“In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知，此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言，故选D。【典例6】（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）The TV series The Awakening Age(《觉醒年代》) drew a lot of attention and ________ with a high score of 9.2 on the Internet.A．power B．wisdom C．praise D．wealth【答案】C【详解】句意：电视剧《觉醒时代》在网上获得了9.2分的高分，备受关注和好评。考查名词辨析。power力量；wisdom智慧；praise赞扬；wealth财富。根据“with a high score of 9.2”可知，评分很高，所以备受赞扬，故选C。 【技巧点拨】中考在名词词义析中主要考查同类名词词义辨析及不同类名词词义辦析。同类名词辨析涉及抽象类、动物类、身体部位类、职业类、地点类。针对此类试题，考生要熟记单词的词义，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。对于语境辨析类试题，首先掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 做题技巧：一是运用生活经验、知识积累、根据上下文语境推测所要表达的意思。二是要正确掌握一些同义词和近义词的用法区别。三要积累并且正确使用一些名词的固定搭配。 易混名词辨析：1. advice, suggestion【辨析】(1)advice多指“忠告；劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an, many, a few等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some, much, a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice, ask for advice等。(2)suggestion 多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a, some, many,a few等直接修饰,有复数形式。常见搭配有give a suggestion, make a suggestion等。【举例】The lawyer gave me some helpful advice. 律师给了我一些有用的建议。Do you have any suggestions on how to solve the problem properly？关于如何妥当地解决这个问题, 你有什么建议吗？2. people, person, man【辨析】(1)people表示“人;人们”时是集体名词, 表复数概念, 不能表示“一个人”。只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people, 如two people意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”, 此时有单、复数之分, one people 意为“一个民族”, two peoples意为“两个民族”。(2)person是个体名词, 它泛指man, woman或child中的任何一个, 其复数形式是persons。(3)man意为“男人”, 与woman相对, 其复数形式为men;man也可表示“人;人类”, 此时man用作单数名词, 且不加冠词。【举例】This hall is spacious enough to hold at least 1, 000 people. 这个大厅足够宽敞, 至少可以容纳一千人。We all know that there are 56 peoples in China. 我们都知道中国有五十六个民族。Who is the youngest person in your class？ 你们班里年龄最小的人是谁？Men and women are equal. 男女平等。The chick initially has no fear of man. 小鸡最初不怕人。3. noise, voice, sound【辨析】(1)noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”, 常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。(2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。(3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”, 可以是人或动物的声音, 也可以是大自然的任何声音。【举例】Don’t make any noise！ 别吵闹！Sherry, the lovely girl, has a really sweet voice. 雪莉, 那个可爱的女孩, 有着相当甜美的嗓音。Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。4. problem, question【辨析】两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题, 常与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题, 常与动词ask或answer连用。 此外, problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题, 而question却无此含义。 【举例】The problem is very difficult to be solved. 这个问题很难解决。May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？Can you work out this chemistry problem？你能算出这道化学题吗？5. job, work【辨析】两者都可指“工作”。job指具体的职业或零工, 是可数名词, a job表示“一份工作”。work通常用作动词, 作名词时常用作不可数名词, a piece of work表示“一份工作”。 注意：work表示“著作;作品”之意时是可数名词, 其复数形式为works。【举例】I heard you had changed several jobs. 我听说你换了几份工作。First of all, I should thank you all for your hard work. 首先, 我应该感谢大家的辛勤工作。6. home, house, family【辨析】（1）home意为“家”, 指人们出生或居住的地方, 也指“家乡;故乡”。（2）house意为“住房;住宅”, 侧重指人们居住的房子或建筑物。（3）family意为“家庭;家庭成员”, 与居住的房子无关。当family作整体概念的“家庭”讲时, 视作单数, 谓语动词用单数形式;当family作“家庭成员”讲时, 视作复数, 谓语动词用复数形式。【举例】Tom takes Beijing as his second home. 汤姆把北京视为他的第二故乡。I bought a house with a big garden two years ago. 两年前我买了个带大花园的房子。Mr Black’s family is very large. 布莱克先生家里的人很多。My family are very well. 我家里人身体都很好。 【变式演练】1．（2021·广西·南宁市天桃实验学校三模）—Why do Chinese people like the colour red?—Because it’s the ________ of good luck in our country.A．name B．dream C．symbol D．example2．（2020·江苏·扬州教育学院附中一模）— Do you really think you can learn that much in only a couple of hours?— Yes. We will try a very useful ________ of dealing with memory problems.A．report B．process C．method D．activity3．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）— Hey, you look upset. Can I help you?— I really thank for your ________, but I believe I can manage it myself.A．offer B．question C．challenge D．suggestion4．（2021·河北石家庄·模拟预测）—Mum, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up?—No, you needn’t. You can make your ________.A．difference B．discussion C．discovery D．decision5．（2021·江苏·淮阴中学新城校区一模）This is a ________ of our city. Look! Our school is here.A．map B．music C．name D．team6．（2021·浙江·温州市第十二中学二模）During the next few days, I decide to have a good ________ by taking a walk or listening to my favorite music.A．meal B．sleep C．rest D．lesson7．（2021·江苏·南通市通州区育才中学二模）—I really admire these scientists in different fields in our country.—I agree. They have made a great ________ to our country, even to the world.A．celebration B．conversation C．contribution D．introduction8．（2020·山东·东营市实验中学三模）— David, why are you so excited?— My father has made a ________ that he will take me to climb Mountain Tai next month.A．face B．promise C．direction D．wish9．（2020·山东·东营市实验中学三模）—Wow, an iPhone 10, what a big surprise! Thanks, darling!—It’s your birthday present. But please read the ________ carefully before you use it.A．information B．instructions C．invitation D．instruments10．（2020·江苏·如皋市实验初中三模）Because of the outbreak of Corona virus, people all over the world are keeping a close eye on medical ________ of Chinese medicine, like Lianhuaqingwen Capsule (胶囊).A．value B．price C．cost D．wealth11．（2021·河北长安·二模）He goes swimming every day. The good ________ keeps him healthy.A．match B．task C．habit D．dream12．（2021·河北·石家庄市第四十中学二模）There are lots of ________ that students have to follow at school.A．rules B．skills C．problems D．exercises13．（2021·河北·石家庄润德学校二模）— Have you got Helen’s ________ for her good-bye party?— Yes, I’ll be there on time.A．invention B．invitation C．instruction D．introduction14．（2021·河北·石家庄市第二十八中学二模）Many jobs require people who are good at English. If your English is good, you will have one more ________ when searching for jobs.A．method B．interest C．advantage D．habit15．（2021·河北·石家庄市第二十八中学模拟预测）Cheer up, Peter! Everyone makes ________ in his or her life. The important thing is not to repeat them.A．results B．promises C．mistakes D．decisions16．（2021·河北·石家庄市同文中学三模）If you want to write a complete report, you should read some ________ about the book before writing.A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．replies17．（2021·河北·石家庄市第四十二中学二模）Air pollution is now a serious _________ in our country. We should do our best to solve it.A．project B．problem C．program D．product18．（2021·河北·石家庄市第十八中学二模）Mike won the first prize in the English speech contest. That’s the ________ of his hard work.A．suggestion B．decision C．result D．habit19．（2021·湖北·枣阳市教学研究室一模）— Building makeshift hospital (临时医院) was a key ________ made in the moment when Wuhan was facing the task of epidemic (流行性传染病) control. — Right. It has played an important role in treating the patients.A．decision B．situation C．problem D．condition20．（2020·山东·东营市实验中学三模）It might be cool in the evening. You’d better take a(n) ________.A．umbrella B．sweater C．wallet D．camera21．（2020·浙江·温州市第二十三中学三模）—What subject do you like best, Cindy?—________, of course. I’m really interested in singing songs.A．English B．History C．Science D．Music22．（2021·内蒙古·呼和浩特市回民区教育局教科研室二模）— What is the ________ of your excellent writing skills?—Practice makes perfect!A．result B．influence C．secret D．purpose23．（2021·浙江·模拟预测）Kevin holds a ________ for 400-meter race in our school. No one can run faster than him.A．record B．prize C．score D．medal24．（2021·浙江浙江·模拟预测）I would like to write a(n) ________ about the movie My People, My Country for our school magazine. It is so moving that I hope everyone can enjoy it.A．message B．novel C．review D．instruction25．（2021·江苏·镇江市江南学校一模）With the development of the service industry, the working ________ is increasing and more jobs should be offered.A．invention B．pronunciation C．introduction D．population26．（2021·江苏·镇江市江南学校一模）—I have great ________ in learning Chemistry and I am so worried. Could you help me?—Sure. I would be glad to.A．interest B．trouble C．fun D．joy27．（2021·江苏镇江·二模）— Could you tell me more about Chinese ________, Mr. Li?— Sure. For example, we usually eat rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival.A．customs B．services C．symbols D．holidays28．（2021·天津和平·模拟预测）—Keep quiet, Jack! I need _______ when I am thinking.—Sorry, Mom. I won’t make any noise.A．control B．silence C．trust D．sense29．（2021·天津河北·模拟预测）I wrote a story for a ________ in my English class and I won a prize.A．competition B．suggestion C．direction D．tradition30．（2020·安徽合肥·二模）The little boy is missing and his parents are worried about his ________ very much.A．safety B．body C．health D．honor