中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点17 非谓语动词

这是一份中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点17 非谓语动词，文件包含考点17非谓语动词-讲通练透教师版docx、考点17非谓语动词-讲通练透学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。  【讲通练透】考点17 非谓语动词 命题趋势：   非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点：    1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。    非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。                                             构成：to + 动词原形                             动词不定式                                            作用：作除谓语外的任何成分                                      构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式           分词                                      作用：表、定、状、补                                        构成：v.-ing                              动名词                                        作用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember,    forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。   ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成      现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．My father went ________ (fish) by the river.2．After getting home, my mom always lets me ________ (finish) my homework first.3．I’d like ________ (order) a large bowl of beef noodles.4．Do you know what skills are needed to ________ the machine? (operation)5．We were surprised ____ (find) that he came back just now.6．The match season is coming. They need a lot of time _____________(practice) every day.7．Bill has a good ________ (eat) habit.8．My father enjoys _____________(lie) on the sofa and watching TV after dinner.9．We have fun ______ (make) jiaozi with family members at the Spring Festival.10．Thank you for ________ (call) and helping me.11．The cup is used for ________ (drink) tea.12．You aren’t supposed to ______ (enter) the teachers’ office without knocking at the door.13．Helen looks forward to ______ (go) to Beijing by plane.14．Would you mind _______ (help) me with my English?15．Everyone should play a part in ________ (save) the earth.二、单项选择16．High school students are required ________ part in the volunteer project every term.A．take B．taking C．took D．to take17．—They plan ________ some new schools in the near future.—That’s great.A．build B．builds C．building D．to build18．She can expect _________ some great jokes from the sitcoms.A．learn B．learns C．to learn D．learned19．________ New Year’s Eve, people are always busy ________ different kinds of food ________ the dinner.A．At; get; ready to B．At; getting; ready forC．On; getting; ready for D．On; to get; ready for20．—I can’t find Simon. Do you see him?—Yes. He with he friends _________ volleyball. A．are practising playing B．is practising playingC．are practising to play D．is practising to play21．Betty practises speaking more often ________ her Chinese.A．improve B．to improve C．improved D．improving22．The flood in Zhengzhou made lots of people ________ homeless this year.A．became B．become C．becoming D．to become23．In order to protect wildlife, we should first let more people understand the importance of it. The underlined part is used to ________.A．express a result B．express a purpose C．give a reason D．give an example24．I saw Daniel ________ basketball when I walked past the playground, but now he isn’t there.A．play B．played C．playing D．to play25．James is busy ________ sports because he wants ________ healthy.A．to do; keeping B．to do; to keep C．doing; keeping D．doing; to keep1．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）Many university graduates go to work in the countryside _____ villagers live a better life.A．to help          B．helping           C．help2．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—What did the teacher say just now?—He told us _____ in the river.A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim3．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）Alice couldn’t make herself _____ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A．pay              B．paid            C．paying4．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）—Does the method you thought of _____ the problem make any sense?—Of course.A．Solve            B．of solving        C．solving5．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）The lecture（讲座）is worth _____. Please tell John _____ late.A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be6．（2021·贵州贵阳市·）Jimmy wants to _____ his trip because he is too busy with his studies.A．put off           B．wait for          C．prepare for7．（2021·贵州贵阳市·）Mario and his friends are making some plans _____ in an old people’s home this summer.A．work            B．working         C．to work8．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him _____ in the music room.A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing9．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）My parents are used to _____ after supper.A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked10．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday _____ the project again,A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss11．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）—English is difficult _____ at the beginning. —Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; tryingC．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try12．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I used to _____ at half past six, but now I am getting used to _____at seven.A．getting up, get up B．get up, getting up C．got up, getting up D．got up, get up13．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—My grandma is used to _____ in the countryside.—Oh. So is my grandma.A．live B．lives C．living D．lived14．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to _____ how things worked.A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out15．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from _____ directly in your eyes.A．shine            B．shining          C．to shine16．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）During the 16th century, Europe saw rich developments in science, medicine and the arts. People had to “invent” words _____ new ideas.A．to express         B．expresses        C．express17．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）The policeman told the children _____ in the river. It’s too dangerous!A．to not swim B．not to swim C．not swim D．not swimming18．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）Our teachers don’t allow us _____ mobile phones in the school.A．to use            B．use             C．using19．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）It’s parents’ job to _____ a clean and comfortable environment at home _____ their children.A．support; with B．offer; with C．give; for D．provide; for20．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Jim, please help me _____ the tent. —OK. I’m coming. It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.A．get on B．get off C．pull down D．put up1．（2021·安徽利辛·三模）The government did whatever it could _________ people from the war.A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protects2．（2021·福建省惠安荷山中学模拟预测）—What did you do this Sunday? — Well, I spent half a day            on the farm with my grandparents.A．work B．to work C．working3．（2021·上海杨浦·三模）What did you think of the educational visit? Did you mind ________ away from home for so long?A．be B．being C．to be D．to being4．（2021·福建·厦门一中模拟预测）On January 29th, 2020, Zhong Nanshan and his team ________ over four hours online ________ five patients who were seriously ill, and made a treatment plan for those patients.A．spent; checking B．spent; to check. C．spend; checking5．（2021·四川新都·三模）In the evening, you will watch a play ________ Journey to the West.A．call B．called C．calling6．（2021·上海杨浦·三模）I like films that make me _________ . I don’t like anything sad.A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．to laughing7．（2021·云南昆明·三模）—Jack, why have you decided ________ Chinese folk music as a course?—To learn more about Chinese culture.A．take B．taken C．taking D．to take8．（2021·云南曲靖·二模）— The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth ________.— Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away.A．see B．to see C．seen D．seeing9．（2021·辽宁连山·二模）I’m glad that my parents allowed me ________ Shanghai Disneyland with Daniel.A．visit B．visits C．visiting D．to visit10．（2021·四川沙湾·二模）In order ________ fat, Linda runs ________ the Dadu River every morning.A．to be; across B．not to be; along C．not being; past11．（2021·四川沙湾·二模）— Mike, have you ________ learning to cook from your father if you are fired?— Yes. If he ________ , I’ll leave the company right now.A．decided; will B．thought; did C．considered; does12．（2021·四川沙湾·二模）—Your father ________ to take these pills . It’s not good for memory.—But this morning he could remember ________ with Bob last night.A．doesn’t need; staying B．need; to stay C．needs; stayed13．（2021·山东历城·二模）—You look upset. What’s wrong?—My parents don’t allow me _______ out with my friends.A．hang B．hangs C．hanged D．to hang14．（2021·云南开远·二模）President Xi encouraged all Chinese people ________ more trees so that our country can become greener and more beautiful.A．plant B．planted C．planting D．to plant15．（2021·云南开远·二模）It’s dangerous for people ________ the mobile phone when they cross the street.A．look at B．looking at C．to look at D．looked at16．（2021·四川沐川·二模）Our teacher often asks us _________ questions in groups.A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing