中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点30 阅读理解之议论文

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中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。


【讲通练透】考点30 阅读理解之议论文
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
二、解题方法：
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。


A
On a weekend during Spring Festival, my parents and I were sitting in a restaurant. The drinks and food were good, so when we finished, my father left a tip (小费). As we were about to open the door, the waiter caught up with us. He gave the tip back to us. My dad forgot that here is China.
However, in some countries, tipping is the norm. That’s the way it is in the US. It’s said to be good manners to tip your waiter, taxi driver, hairdresser, which can really put your math skills to the test! But we usually give a tip that is 15-20% of the bill.
So why is there a strong custom of tipping? In the US, waiters have a very low income (收入). They depend on tips to pay their bills. As a US writer once wrote about her experience as a waitress, “It was difficult and I lived and died by my tips.”
1．Where were the parents when the waiter stopped them?
A．At the table. B．At the door. C．Outside the restaurant. D．Beside the window.
2．What does the underlined word “norm” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Idea. B．Custom. C．Bill. D．Way.
3．What can be the tip for a ＄100 bill according to the writer?
A．＄8. B．＄10. C．＄18. D．＄25.
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文，文章讲述美国付小费的社会现象及这种现象出现的原因。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“As we were about to open the door, the waiter caught up with us当我们正要开门时，服务员过来找我们”可知，父母在门口。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第一段“My dad forgot that here is China”及第二段“However, in some countries”可知，在中国给小费并不常见，然而，在很多国家给小费是一种常态。“norm”表达“行为标准，常态”，相当于“custom”。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“But we usually give a tip that is 15-20% of the bill”可知通常给小费是账单的15%到20%。可知100美元的账单小费应该是15到20美元。C选项“18美元”符合。故选C。
B
When students and parents are asked to grade subjects according to their importance, the arts are usually at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but certainly not an education priority（优先）.Too often it is only viewed as entertainment. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it shows their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity（身份, 特性）.
Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts can express the emotive（情感的）meaning of the same thing. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason：No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language through which we express our fears, our hungers, our discoveries, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
4．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? ________
A．Students regard music as a way of entertainment.
B．Students disagree with their parents on education.
C．Students take music as an important subject.
D．Students prefer the arts to science.
5．In Paragraph 2, the writer uses jazz as an example to ________.
A．compare it with rock music
B．show music identifies a society
C．introduce American musical traditions
D．prove music influences people’s lifestyles
6．According to the passage, the arts and science ________.
A．explain the world in different ways
B．explain different facts of the world
C．express people’s feelings in different ways
D．explain what it means to be human differently
7．What is the main idea of the passage? ________
A．Music education is worth more attention.
B．Music should be of top education priority.
C．Music is really a good communication tool.
D．Music education makes students more imaginative.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．A
7．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文，文章讲述音乐教育的重要性，音乐教育的必要性远远超过人所意识到的。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Too often it is only viewed as entertainment”它只被视为娱乐。可知音乐被学生视为一种娱乐。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity”可知，音乐赋予了我们作为一个社会的身份。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Music provides a kind of perception that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets”可知，音乐提供了一种无法以其他方式获得的感知，科学可以解释太阳如何升起和落下。可知艺术和科学以不同的方式解释世界。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize”可知文章讲述音乐教育是比人意识到的更为必要。可概括为A选项“音乐教育值得更多的关注”。故选A。
C
Do you know which social app is popular with Chinese young people now? “Short videos” are certainly the most popular. A large number of young people use Tik Tok and Kuaishou. They think it is fun to share their lives by short videos, while others have other purposes as well A 12-year-old user named Elsa has about 2.7 million fans on Tik Tok. The girl has shared her dancing studies on TikTok since last July. One of the videos won her about one million fans. “1 feel really glad to share happiness with people by short videos,” said Elsa.
To some other young people, they use short videos to have a quick look at the hot programs. “Because I don’t like to spend many hours watching a whole program, I hate waiting for a program to end, and I prefer to watch short videos of wonderful parts of hot. programs, said Wang Zhihao.
However, some young people feel bored with short videos. “Killing time is the main reason for me to watch short videos, and many short videos are almost the same, so I think they are not so useful or interesting. What’s more, I really don’t like the videos about strange and dangerous things,” said Wen Nan, another college student.
Recently, something else has appeared. Some videos are telling people what commodities are wort buying. Some short videos even sell bad commodities, and it’s hard for customers to get their money back. So we should think twice before we want to buy the commodities by short videos.
8．Why does Elsa share her short videos?
A．To share happiness with people.
B．To make friends with people around
C．To depend on them to get information.
D．To watch wonderful parts in programs.
9．How does Wen Nan like short videos?
A．Useful and interesting.
B．Not exciting or moving.
C．Not useful or interesting.
D．Exciting and moving.
10．The underlined word “commodities” in the last paragraph means
A．products B．projects C．planets D．programs
11．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The advantages of short videos.
B．Different types of short videos.
C．The disadvantages of short videos.
D．Different opinions on short videos.
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．A
11．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人们现在对流行的短视频软件的不同观点。
8．细节理解题。根据“I feel really glad to share happiness with people by short videos”可知，Elsa分享短视频的原因是能通过短视频与人们分享快乐。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据“I think they are not so useful or interesting. What’s more, I really don’t like the videos about strange and dangerous things.”可知，Wen Nan认为它们没有那么有用或有趣，也不喜欢奇怪和危险的事情的视频。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据“we should think twice before we want to buy the...”可知，在我们在决定买之前应该三思而行，可推测这里指的是“商品”。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。全文探讨了大家对短视频软件的不同观点。故选D。
D
A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not quite true. Words have the power to build us up or knock us down. It doesn’t matter whether the words come from someone else or ourselves—the effects (作用) will last long.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We are usually too shy to admit (承认) it, though. In fact, we shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us encourage ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. We find that as much as 77% of self-talk is likely to be negative (消极的) . So in order to stay positive (积极的) , we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job”.
Often, words come out of our mouths without thinking about the effect they will have. But we should know that our words cause certain responses (回应) in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar way.
Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us. Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words have power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and encourage others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
12．The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that ________.
A．nice words give us confidence
B．nothing but words will hurt us
C．words have a lasting effect on us
D．unkind words may knock us down
13．There is no need for us to feel shy when we talk to ourselves because ________ .
A．talking to ourselves always gives us courage
B．we can benefit (受益) from talking to ourselves
C．it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone
D．almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves
14．The underlined part “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph 3 means “ ________ ”.
A．praise ourselves B．hurt ourselves
C．relax ourselves D．surprise ourselves
15．The author would probably agree that ________.
A．encourage words surely lead to kind offers
B．people will always remember to be friendly
C．it is better to think twice before talking to others
D．negative words may help us make more progress
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．A
15．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了一个观点：语言是有力的，但它可能有积极作用，也可能有消极作用，我们应该明智地使用语言。
12．段落主旨题。通读整段，再根据“ It doesn’t matter whether the words come from someone else or ourselves—the effects will last long.”可知该段主要在论述语言对我们的影响是持久的，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“In fact, we shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.”可知“自说自话”对我们是有好处的，故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据后文“The next time you finish a project, do well in a test or finally clean your room, join me in saying ‘Good job!’”的举例是在说做得好时要多鼓励自己，可推测此处表示要“自我表扬”，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.”可知作者建议我们在和别人说什么之前一定要深思熟虑后再说出口，故选C。
E
Isn’t fast food delicious? Aren’t fast food restaurants cool? ... The answer to these questions is yes.
However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.
In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive (吸引人的)? The first and most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff (员工) are friendly and very smart-looking in their clean and bright uniforms (制服). Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.
Fast food is often so conveniently packed (包装方便) that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads (广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.
Such attractive places are selling junk food! Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible, healthy and fresh food?
Well, why not?
As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date. It may happen sooner or later.
Therefore, instead of resisting (抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade (说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine (结合) healthy food with their speed of service, delicious tastes and comfortable feelings, that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!
16．What does “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Fast food is delicious. B．People enjoy fast food.
C．Fast food restaurants are cool. D．Fast food can cause health problems.
17．Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it’s ________.
A．fast B．comfortable C．delicious D．healthy
18．Which word can replace the word “grab” in Paragraph 3?
A．get quickly B．move suddenly C．throw quickly D．carry carefully
19．According to the passage, ads about fast food ________.
A．show you all the facts B．don’t tell you the whole truth
C．make it hard to buy fast food D．make fast food restaurants out of date
20．The writer advises ________.
A．changing tastes of fast food B．resisting fast food restaurants
C．making fast food good for health D．making the service of fast food faster
【答案】16．D
17．D
18．A
19．B
20．C
【分析】本文介绍了快餐的好处与弊端。作者建议不要抵制快餐，最好的办法是改变它的菜单，让它成为对健康有益的食物。
16．词句猜测题。根据“And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.”可知，此处代指快餐会导致很多健康问题，故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.”可知，认为快餐会导致很多健康问题，因此快餐的优点不包括“它是健康的”。故选D。
18．词句猜测题。根据“eat on the way to work”可知，在上班的路上吃，应是快速地拿起它，故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据“A lot of clever ads (广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.”可知，关于快餐的广告不会告诉你太多的快餐对你的健康有害，因此它们不会说出所有的真相，故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据“Therefore, instead of resisting (抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade (说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body.”可知，作者建议让快餐对健康有益，故选C。
F
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos? Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been a fashionable thing these years. Everything you think of can be found online, skills of talking, designing, computer programming — you name it!
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry (产业) developing so rapidly? First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smart phone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at a good price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. They hope for more useful information which is usually at the hands of experts. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be a great way of making money. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection (反映) of people’s respect for knowledge and talents.
However, “pay-for-knowledge” also causes a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert?” which sounds like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. That means, with or without these products, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. But be careful when you make a choice, or your dream of success may not come true.
21．“Pay-for-knowledge” industry is developing rapidly because of the following reasons EXCEPT ____.
A．people today don’t want to miss information
B．the traditional education system doesn’t work
C．today’s job market need people to be more skilled
D．there is a fast network and smart phones nowadays
22．What can we learn about “pay-for-knowledge” industry from Paragraph 3?
A．The history of its development B．The problems of its products
C．The advantages of its products D．The future of this industry
23．The structure of the passage may be ____.
A． B． C． D．
24．The author writes this passage to _____.
A．advise people to learn knowledge by themselves online
B．teach parents how to buy “pay-for-knowledge” products
C．ask people to stop trying any of “pay-for-knowledge” products
D．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．B
24．D
【分析】本文主要向我们介绍了“知识付费”该产业。
21．细节理解题。根据“First, its development is based on the Internet....Second, people are afraid to miss any information.... Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.”可知，原因有三个：第一，它的发展是基于互联网的；第二，人们害怕错过任何信息；第三，如今的就业市场需要学习新技能，这也促使人们在这样的教育播客上学习，不包括“传统的教育体系不起作用”这一点。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be a great way of making money....It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money....”可知，本段是介绍“知识付费产业”的优势。故选C。
23．篇章结构题。本文第一段是引出“知识付费”这个产业；第二段介绍其流行的原因；第三段介绍其优势；第四段介绍其带来的问题；第五段是总结。所以本文的结构是总（1）——分（2）——分（3、4）——总（5）。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据最后““Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. But be careful when you make a choice, or your dream of success may not come true.”可知，“知识付费”虽然由很多优势，但也要慎重选择，由此推断，作者是提醒人们明智地选择“知识付费”产品。故选D。
G
With the Year of the Rat coming up, I remember going out for Chinese food when I was a kid in the US. In Chinese restaurants, there are always plates with pictures of the zodiac animals (十二生肖). For most people in the US, this might be the deepest impression of Chinese culture. One time, we started to laugh after we learned that my aunt is a rat.
We laughed because in our culture, rats are animals of very low position. They eat rubbish and cary diseases, so we think they are dirty. Because rats are sneaky (鬼鬼祟祟的), we think of them as untrustworthy. Calling semeone a rat is very rude. It means we cannot trust him or her easily, or we will be cheated.
As a kid, this caused me to feel bad for people born in the Year of the Rat. I wondered whether they would be looked down upon by others. I did some research and found that although Chinese people also see rats as dirty animals, they added them to the zodiac for some reasons.
Rats are thought to be animals that can bring people wealth. They are also able to give birth to lots of babies, which makes them a symbol of good luck—traditionally, Chinese people prefer to have large families with many children. Rats are believed to have intelligence as well. It is believed that sneaky animals must be clever.
So now, I’m entering the new year with a fresh way of looking at rats. Perhaps I need to find a new understanding for other things—-animals, ideas or even people!
25．The writer gave ________ reasons to explain why Chinese people add rats to the zodiac.
A．two B．three C．four D．five
26．From the passage, we know that ________.
A．rats are animals of very low position in Chinese culture
B．Chinese children born in the Year of the Rat are looked down upon
C．rats are only seen as dirty animals in Chinese culture
D．Chinese people believe rats are sneaky but clever animals
27．According to the passage, Phrase ________ can describe someone called a rat in US.
A．油嘴滑舌 B．伶俐乖巧 C．背信弃义 D．言出必行
28．The writer mainly talks about ________.
A．why American people don’t like rats B．what Chinese people think of rats
C．how people see rats in different cultures D．who can find a new understanding for rats
【答案】25．B
26．D
27．C
28．C
【分析】本文主要讲述了不同国家的人对于“鼠”这个动物的看法，美国人认为老鼠吃垃圾，身上携带着病毒，称呼别人“老鼠”是非常不礼貌的，而在中国，老鼠被认为是能给人们带来财富的动物，以此作者认为自己需要找到一种对其他事物的新理解——动物、思想甚至是人！
25．细节理解题。根据“Rats are thought to be animals that can bring people wealth” “They are also able to give birth to lots of babies”及“ Rats are believed to have intelligence as well”可知，一共给出了三条理由，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“Because rats are sneaky”及“Rats are believed to have intelligence as well”可知，中国人认为老鼠是狡猾但聪明的动物，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据“Calling someone a rat is very rude. It means we cannot trust him or her easily, or we will be cheated”可知，叫某人是老鼠是很不礼貌的。这意味着我们不能轻易信任他或她，否则我们会被欺骗，所以用“背信弃义”这个词最能形容，故选C。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是作者通过美国和中国对“鼠”的看法来表达了不同文化的观点，故选C。
H
For both musicians and their fans, it’s hard to say no to the excitement of a live concert. For fans, staying with others who share the same hobby and seeing their favorite musicians face to face are so exciting. For musicians, concert tours allow them to connect with their listeners and make big money.
So what happens when live tours are no longer possible? In early 2020, governments stopped people from traveling and staying together because of COVID-19(新冠病毒). Tours and concerts were cancelled, leaving both musicians and fans disappointed.
But musicians are creative, and technology can bring people together in ways that were impossible just ten years ago. And so one performer after another began to offer online concerts.
These online concerts were simple. Musicians just filmed themselves playing in their houses. They livestreamed (直播) their songs and listeners loved these online events. Online concerts are a great way for musicians to connect with their fans during a difficult time. In addition, they are a great way to bring people together. Although some online concerts require payment, most of them are free. And this raises questions about whether they will continue when live concerts come back.
It is easy for artists to offer free music online when no one can leave their homes. But long-term, it can stop them from selling CDS or tickets to live shows. However, free online concerts may be a good way for bands to win new fans. People who might not normally listen to an artist’s music may meet an online concert accidentally. This increases the number of people buying a musician’s music. Free concerts can be a good business decision after all.
29．The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A．governments B．listeners C．musicians D．concert tours
30．What’s the advantage of online concerts according to the passage?
A．Fans can see their favorite musicians face to face.
B．People can be brought together during a hard time.
C．Musicians can travel around to give free concerts.
D．Fans will surely buy more CDs and tickets to live concerts.
31．What’s the writer’s opinion towards the future of free online concerts?
A．He can’t stand it. B．He’s crazy about it. C．He doesn’t mind it. D．He’s kind of supportive.
32．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage?
A．Environment. B．Travel. C．Education. D．Arts.
【答案】29．C
30．B
31．D
32．D
【分析】本文介绍了人们居家时期通过在线音乐会使得音乐家和歌迷能够联系起来。
29．推理判断题。根据“For musicians, concert tours allow them to connect with their listeners and make big money.”可知，对于音乐家来说，巡回演唱会可以让他们与听众建立联系，赚大钱。此处them指的是音乐家，故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“Online concerts are a great way for musicians to connect with their fans during a difficult time.”可知，在线音乐会是音乐家在困难时期与粉丝交流的好方法。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据“Free concerts can be a good business decision after all.”可知，作者对于免费音乐会的看法是支持的，故选D。
32．推理判断题。本文介绍了人们居家时期通过在线音乐会使得音乐家和歌迷能够联系起来，所以推测可能在艺术版块看到这篇文章，故选D。

A
（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some discussion.
In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.
The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from suffering from the HIV virus.
He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in China. “I feel such a strong duty not only to be the first to do this, but also to set an example,” he told AP.
But his actions caused many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.
Some believe that gene editing could be useful to HIV patients. HIV is “a large and growing public health problem”, according to Harvard Medical School genetic professor George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “a good idea”, Church told AP.
However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental periods and could result in terrible changes. “It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News.
Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make “designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater unfairness than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics told BBC News.
1．What do we know about He Jiankui?
A．He was the first person to edit genes.
B．He made the twins suffer from HIV when he edited their genes.
C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies.
D．He was the first person whose genes were edited.
2．Who agreed that gene editing could be helpful to HIV patients?
A．George Church. B．Julian Savulescu.
C．Marcy Darnovsky. D．Chinese researchers.
3．The underlined word “ethical” in the passage probably means “________”.
A．合乎常情的 B．道德的 C．有价值的 D．有效的
4．According to the story, we know that gene editing ________.
A．is supported by the writer B．is good for wealthy people
C．causes some heated argument D．has been used widely in the UK
5．What does “designer babies” mean in the passage?
A．Parents can change their baby’s eye colour.
B．Parents are able to choose their baby’s height.
C．Parents can give their baby everything that he or she likes.
D．Parents have a chance to prevent their baby from suffering from the virus.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．B
4．C
5．B
【分析】本文讲述了通过基因编辑可以决定从眼睛颜色到智力的一切东西。南方科技大学的研究员贺建奎制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿，目前这项技术的合理性引起了强烈的争论。
1．细节理解题。根据“In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.”可知，在2018年11月26日发布的一段网络视频中，南方科技大学研究员贺建奎表示，他帮助制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Using gene editing for HIV is ‘a good idea’, Church told AP.”可知，George Church同意基因编辑对艾滋病患者有帮助，故选A。
3．词义猜测题。分析“Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.”可知，虽然基因编辑可能有助于预防疾病，但许多人都想知道，在人类身上使用基因编辑是否安全和道德。所以ethical的意思是“道德的”，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“But this method has also created some discussion.”以及后文人们对于基因编辑的不同看法可知，根据这篇报道，我们知道基因编辑引发了一些激烈的争论。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据“Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make “designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.”可知，其他人则担心人们可能会使用基因编辑技术制造“设计婴儿”，这将使父母有能力选择一切，从孩子的眼睛颜色到智商。故选B。
B
（2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）

Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. ________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.
6．Where is the writer of this passage from?
A．America B．China C．Canada D．England
7．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "How to make friends with foreigners" ?
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.
8．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners" , ________.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions
9．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…" three times, because ________.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.
10．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" in the last paragraph?
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.
【答案】6．C
7．D
8．C
9．C
10．A
【分析】本文讲述了一位在中国生活的加拿大人谈论如何与外国人建立和保持友谊，他认为要把外国人当作人，而不是机会，才能一步一步地建立友谊。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a Canadian living in China for a year…”可知，作者来自加拿大，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter”可知，作者对这本书很感兴趣，是因为他想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an ‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her.”可知，书的作者认为外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”，每当你见到外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry.”以及第四段“However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an ‘opportunity’ to improve their oral English.”可知，这里作者用了三次“I have had…”，因为他想表明他是多么讨厌被当作“机会”来对待，故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.”可知，这里作者想告诉我们要一步一步地建立友谊，在一段时间内，不要匆忙，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验的，故选A。
C（2021·湖北荆门·中考真题）
TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app allowing users to create, share and watch short videos.Developed by: ByteDance
Users: 13+
Joe ThomasIt seems very enjoyable. However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it.
Alice Brown
I like the app because it allows me to share my daily life and make new friends. What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created. Now I have more than 10 million fans.
Adam Young
There is no need for us to use this app. My friend Tom Smith spends most of his spare time on TikTok. I think he should spend time on more meaningful things, such as exercising or reading.

11．TikTok is suitable for users aged ________.A．7 B．20 C．12 D．10
12．Joe Thomas thinks that you may ________ while watching TikTok.
A．spend too much time B．get bored easily
C．waste too much money D．learn some harmful information
13．TikTok has made ________ popular for his (her) videos.
A．Joe Thomas B．Tom Smith C．Adam Young D．Alice Brown
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．D
【分析】本文介绍了三个人对抖音这个应用程序的看法。
11．细节理解题。根据“Users: 13+”可知，适合13岁以上年龄的用户，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it”可知，他认为在看抖音时会花费许多时间，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“ What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created”可知，抖音让Alice因她的视频而变得受欢迎，故选D。
D（2021·山东滨州·中考真题）
“Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told, and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school? Are you still growing and learning?
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals?
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up? What do you need to make your dream come true?
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place?
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do?
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself?
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hope to achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
14．According to the passage, why should we set goals?
A．To have a better future. B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey. D．To give our life a sense of direction.
15．What should you consider when you set a family goal?
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
16．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal?
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks. B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence. D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
17．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
18．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life. C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.
【答案】14．D
15．D
16．A
17．C
18．B
【分析】生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
14．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
18．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。
E（2021·北京·中考真题）

Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
19．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
20．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3?
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
21．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
22．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship?
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
【答案】19．D
20．C
21．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
19．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
21．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
22．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
F（2021·福建·中考真题）
In recent years, there have been many films about robots trying to take over the world. Studies show that up to 20 million factory jobs worldwide could be taken by robots in the next 10 years. Some people are worried about what might happen in the future.
On 8th September, 2020, The Guardian published (发表) an article written by a robot called GPT - 3. It wrote that “robot” comes from the Greek word for “slave” (奴隶) and humans have nothing to fear from robots, which are only here to help humans. However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy. Where is the robot technology heading? Can robots and humans work together?
YES - they’re here to help humansRobots are created by humans for humans. Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. Although robots might take some people’s jobs, they will create new types of work, and they will possibly create more jobs than they take away. Besides, robots’ programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans , because they are not influenced by feelings.
NO — humans should not trust robotsRobots are already taking over the world. Jobs that used to be done by human beings are now being taken by robots. Although robots are under our control now, that might not always be the case. An experiment in Switzerland found that some robots had learnt how to lie to each other. With the development of AI (人工智能), robots could start to act in their own interests. Wherever possible, humans should do things themselves.

What’s your opinion on this matter?
23．What language does the word “robot” come from?A．Greek B．English C．German D．French
24．When learning that GPT - 3 could write an article, some people feel ________ .
A．angry B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed
25．What advantage of robots is mentioned in the text?
A．Acting in their own interests B．Developing filming technology
C．Working with different feelings D．Doing unsafe work for humans
26．What can we learn from the text?
A．GPT - 3 will take over the world
B．Some robots have learnt how to be lazy
C．Robots are still under the control of humans now
D．20 million people fear that they will lose their jobs
27．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Will Robots Become Creative? B．Should Humans Trust Robots?
C．Will Robots Do Harm to Humans? D．Should Humans Do Things Themselves?
【答案】23．A
24．C
25．D
26．C
27．B
【分析】本文就机器人技术的发展方向以及机器人是否能和人类一起工作，人类是否应该信任机器人等问题发表了不同的观点。
23．细节理解题。根据“It wrote that “robot” comes from the Greek word for “slave””可知，机器人这个词来自于希腊语，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy”可知，机器人能写这样一篇文章的事实让一些人感到更加不安，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据“Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves”可知，机器人的优点是可以为人类做一些危险的工作，故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“Although robots are under our control now”可知，机器人现在还在我们的控制之下，故选C。
27．最佳标题。根据“Besides, robots’ programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans”及“humans should not trust robots”可知，本文主要围绕“人类是否可以信任机器人”等方面发表了不同的观点，故选B。
G（2021·河北·中考真题）
Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal.
But why do you have dreams and goals, you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent (锲而不舍的) action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow.
This is the famous formula (公式) for success:
Dream > Believe > Achieve
Most people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is.
I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula:
Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve
For me, act is the most important thing for success and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action.
Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality.
28．What should you do when you find your lessons very hard?
A．Ask people for help. B．Try and keep trying.
C．Get ready to create wonders. D．Prepare for a harder one.
29．Which does the writer add to the famous formula?
A．Act. B．Achieve. C．Connect. D．Create.
30．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?
A．Dangers. B．Imaginations. C．Wonders. D．Difficulties.
31．Why does the writer use the formula “Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”?
A．To support his idea. B．To ask readers to explain it.
C．To show what his goals are. D．To compare it with a bridge.
32．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Doing Something Valuable B．Studying Hard and Making Progress
C．Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D．Separating Successful People from Dreams
【答案】28．B
29．A
30．D
31．A
32．C
【分析】每个人对未来都有梦想和目标，但是只有梦想和目标是不够的，行动才是连接梦想和目标与现实的桥梁。
28．
细节理解题。根据“You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with.”可知，发现一些功课很难时要继续努力，故选B。
29．细节理解题。比较“Dream > Believe > Achieve”和“Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”可知，作者添加了“Act”，故选A。
30．词义猜测题。分析“Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them.”可知，在我们的生活中会有障碍，我们要勇敢面对，解决问题。此处obstacles的意思是“问题，障碍”，故选D。
31．推理判断题。分析倒数第二段内容可知，作者用“Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”公式是为了证明自己的观点，故选A。
32．最佳标题题。本文作者告诉我们只有梦想和目标是不够的，行动才是连接梦想和目标与现实的桥梁。故选C。
H（2021·湖南长沙·中考真题）
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
33．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One?
A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.
34．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two?
A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.
35．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?
A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物
36．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea?
A．It takes money to be successful. B．School grades aren’t everything. C．Successful people never finish school.
37．What can we infer (推断) from the text?
A．Old habits die hard. B．Learning is a lifelong journey. C．Good grades always promise a successful life.
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．C
36．B
37．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
33．推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
35．词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
36．观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。

A（2021·安徽砀山·三模）
The development of artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能) is a hot topic these days. AI makes it possible for machines to learn from experience and perform human-like tasks. But what is the future of AI? Will it be a good thing? We asked students what they thought.
I think AI will be more useful in our future lives. It’s now used in many fields like phones and medicine. No one really knows what will happen if machines become smarter than humans. However, I’m sure AI will help us solve problems.
Tina
I am worried that people will create something that can be better than themselves. In the near future, AI will develop at a high speed. Humans may be replaced because AI robots will do lots of human jobs.
Bill
I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think. Imagine if we could. put a CPU(中央处理器) into our brains! Soon we’ll be able to improve our math and memory. How exciting!
Mary
Think of what’s happening right now. Some robots are used to kill animals under human orders. So I think AI will be very dangerous for humans. We need to be careful about what we ask machines to do.
John

1．Tina thinks that AI will be ________.A．exciting B．dangerous C．helpful D．surprising
2．Who believes AI will change the way we work, the way we live and the way we think?
A．Bill. B．Mary. C．Tina. D．John.
3．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A business magazine. B．A travel guide.
C．A geography magazine. D．A science magazine.
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了人工智能的发展，及其人工智能的未来是什么样的和四个学生的一些想法。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“I think AI will be more useful in our future lives.”可知，Tina相信人工智能在我们未来的生活中会更有用。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think.”可知，Mary认为人工智能能够改变我们的工作方式、生活方式和思维方式。故选B。
3．推理判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，及四个学生的观点，应该从一本科技杂志中看到。故选D。
B（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）
Skirts and dresses have been symbols of women for ages. But things are different now.
Yao Qing, 23, shows the change. She gave up her skirts and cut her hair shorter. Then she started to wear shirts, trousers or clothes in black, white or gray.
“I felt more myself that way,” Yao said. Although she remains a “sweet and nice lady” for years, she has been actually fond of outdoor sports like skateboarding and skiing since childhood. “Women are free to show our true personality,” she added, “and skirts and high-heeled shoes are less convenient in daily life.”
Another change lies in women’s awareness (意识) of their independence. 34-year-old Xuan Yanmin, for example, tried on her husband’s clothes and put her photos online. Many people said she looked handsome and cool. Some even wanted to have a try, too. Then she started a discussion “How handsome girls can be in menswear”, which got over 70 million views and 15, 000 comments.
“Society is more open now. And our independence is expressed in the new way we dress,” said Xuan.
However, stylist Shang Tao suggested that ________. “It’s more important to find the way which suits yourself better. The key is to think about your own advantages and disadvantages and the environment around you, and choose clothes that can help you feel more confident,” he said.
4．”Another change” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A．men getting more attention than before B．more ladies showing interest in menswear
C．ladies cutting their hair shorter than men D．more ladies preferring working at home
5．Which of the following can be put in the ________?
A．ladies should give up skirts as soon as possible B．ladies should think about changing their hairstyle
C．ladies should think twice before following this style D．the society should be more open than before
6．This passage is written to ________.
A．show women have different ideas about sports B．show growing independence through dressing style
C．compare men with women in different kinds of clothes D．ask girls not to buy dresses and skirts any more
7．The passage is written in a/an ________ tone(语气).
A．angrу B．sad C．crazy D．serious
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．B
7．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过Yao Qing和Xuan Yanmin的例子介绍了随着现代女性独立意识的增强，女性在个人的衣着选择方面更加多元化，而不仅限于传统的连衣裙和短裙。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“tried on her husband’s clothes...got over 70 million views and 15.000 comments.”可知许多女性对男士的服装感兴趣。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第六段“It’s more important to find the way which suits yourself better.”可知时装设计师建议，找到更适合自己的才是最重要的。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了女性通过改变穿着方式体现独立。故选B。
7．观点态度题。作者通过两个例子，客观地阐述了女性在穿着方式上的改变，这种改变体现着女性的独立。由此可知作者是用严肃的语气写的。故选D。
C（2021·河北路北·三模）
Do you often get nervous when your exam results are about to be announced (宣布)? Do you want to know your rankings (排名) in your class and grade?
In your opinion, should teachers share your test scores in class or with your parents? Recently, students’ privacy has caused a heated debate on social media.
Peter
What’s the point of testing if the results aren’t made public? Students will be able to know where they need to work harder after comparing their grades with others’. Kids shouldn’t be like flowers in the greenhouse. They need to face the reality and learn to solve their own problems.
Lucy
I agree that primary schools shouldn’t make test scores public. When it comes to middle schools, however, it’s not that bad for students to experience and get used to the competition. Besides this, students who have made progress should be praised for it.
Mary
When I was in school, I would feel really nervous every time my teachers were about to announce our test scores in front of everyone. I would become very sad whenever I didn’t do well on an exam. It felt like everyone was laughing at me for it. I was afraid that some of my favorite teachers would even look down upon me because of it.
Richard
Why not just let students know their own grades as well as the average and the top grades of the class? This way, they will be able to know where they stand in the whole class. At the same time, their privacy can be protected as well.
8．Which of the students talks about his or her own experience in the passage?
A．Peter B．Lucy C．Mary D．Richard
9．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Peter supports the opinion that testing scores should be shared.
B．Richard thinks it’s necessary to make students’ grades public.
C．Lucy thinks it’s bad for middle school students to face the competition.
D．Mary likes to compete with others.
10．What is the passage mainly about?
A．All the students’ privacy must be kept well. B．There is no good-letting out student’s grades.
C．Is there any difficulty letting out students’ grades? D．Should students’ grades made public?
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．D
【解析】短文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了四位同学对是否应该公开考试成绩及排名的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据文中“Mary: When I was in school, I would feel really nervous every time my teachers were about to announce our test scores in front of everyone.”可推理出，在文章中，Mary谈论了她自己的经历。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据文中“Peter: Students will be able to know where they need to work harder after comparing their grades with others’.”可推理出，Peter支持应该分享考试成绩的观点。故选A。
10．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了四位同学对是否应该公开考试成绩及排名的看法，故文章主要探讨了“学生的成绩应该公开吗？”这一话题。故选D。
D（2021·山西太原·三模）
Born in the 2000s, what do you think of your generation (一代人)? Young, creative, connected, global, smart, maybe good-looking? But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the phone than the world around you. They see you as the “face-down generation” and wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies (自拍) to become successful in real life—or “IRL”, as you would say?
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoiled and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to do everything for them. So today’s young people seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to serve their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights to go to school.
So if you are one of them born in the 2000s, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation.
11．The writer led the readers to the passage _________.
A．by showing his ideas
B．by asking questions
C．by describing the situation
12．Young people born in the 2000s are called “face-down generation” because ________.
A．they are always busy with homework with their heads down
B．they are not closely connected to the people around then
C．they show great interest in the phone and use it too much
13．The underlined word “spoiled” probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．宠坏的 B．胆小的 C．吝啬的
14．In the writer’s eyes, today’s teenagers ________.
A．are not creative because of the educational problem
B．are willing to take part in many social activities
C．are smarter and more good-looking than their parents
15．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．mobile phones are harmful to teenagers’ growth and development
B．teenagers don’t need to change themselves to meet adults’ standards
C．although the young people have some problems, their future is full of hope
【答案】11．B
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．C
【分析】本文主要讲述了人们对出生在21世纪的孩子们的一些看法。有人认为他们过度沉迷手机；有人担心他们被宠坏；作者认为他们更有创造力，是更有希望的一代人。
11．细节理解题。根据“Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life—or ‘IRL’, as you would say?”可知，作者开头通过一个问题来引出下文。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the phone than the world around you.”可知，这一代的孩子们过于对手机感兴趣并经常使用手机，所以被叫做“低头族”。故选C。
13．词义猜测题。根据“Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by ‘helicopter parents’ who were always there to do everything for them.”可知，父母为孩子做一切事情，可推测出孩子们被宠坏了。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to serve their communities. ”可知，这一代的孩子更有创造力，更愿意参加社会活动。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据“So if you are one of them born in the 2000s, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future.”可知，尽管这一代有些孩子沉迷手机，有些被宠坏，但是他们的未来是充满希望的。故选C。
E（2021·云南曲靖·二模）
In February, the Ministry of Education announced that mobile phones should, in principle (原则上), be banned (禁止) in primary and secondary schools. This aims to protect students’ eyesight, make sure they pay more attention to their work and prevent them from becoming so interested in the Internet and online games. But some kids have their own opinions.
Xu Xiaohe, a 13-year-old boy from Zhejiang, supports the policy (政策). “In fact, my school has never allowed us to bring our mobile phones,” Xu said. “It’s a distraction from our work. Even adults can’t control themselves, let alone kids like us.”
Li Zihan, 13, from Beijing, however, feels differently. “We have grown up with mobile phones. We should be taught self-management skills, as well as learn how to use our phones wisely to help with our studies,” Li said. “This might be the best way to deal with technology in modern times.”
For Ge Ziqi, the problem with banning phones has more to do with life outside of school. The 13-year-old Beijinger uses a bike-sharing app every day to travel between her home and school. “Today, phones are used everywhere, from taking a bus to buying food,” she said. “If I can’t take my phone with me, I’ll have to buy my own bicycle.”
16．Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the mobile phone ban at school?
A．To protect students’ eyesight.
B．To encourage students to pay more attention to study.
C．To improve students’ self-management.
D．To stop students from becoming so interested online games.
17．What does the underlined word “distraction” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．干扰 B．考验 C．分离 D．促进
18．According to the passage, Li Zihan might agree that ________.
A．a mobile phone ban is the best way to deal with technology in modern times
B．a mobile phone mustn’t be brought to school
C．a mobile phone ban has more to do with life outside of school
D．kids should be taught self-management skills to use mobile phones
19．Where is the passage probably from?
A．An e-mail. B．A fairy tale. C．A travel guide. D．A teenage newspaper.
20．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How to use mobile phones wisely. B．Views on the mobile phone ban.
C．Ideas on how to deal with technology. D．How to use our free time.
【答案】16．C
17．A
18．D
19．D
20．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了针对教育部颁发的禁止学生带手机去学校这一规定，三位同学给出了他们的观点。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“This aims to……becoming so interested in the Internet and online games”可知，学校禁止使用手机目的在保护学生的视力，确保他们更加关注自己的工作，并防止他们对互联网和网络游戏如此感兴趣，故选C。
17．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Xu Xiaohe, a 13-year-old boy from Zhejiang, supports the policy (政策)”可知，许小河是支持禁令政策的，所以此处“It’s a distraction from our work”表示他认为手机会对我们的工作有干扰，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We should be taught self-management skills, as well as learn how to use our phones wisely to help with our studies”可知，李子涵认为我们应该被教授自我管理技能以及如何在我们的学习上合理使用手机，故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要针对手机是否应该进入校园问题而展开论述，因此与学生息息相关，所以在青少年报纸里面最有可能读到，故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容以及下文中三位学生的观点可知，本文主要是关于学生对手机禁令的看法，故选B。
F（2021·河北路南·二模）
On my first round-the-world trip in 2006, I planned everything out before the trip. I knew where I was going, staying for how long, and how I would get there. And then half-way through I ditched the plan and went with the flow (随大溜). Over the years, how I plan my travel has changed. Now, I’m a last-minute planner and seldom travel with any plan.
Traveling without a plan gives you great flexibility (灵活性). Since nothing is booked far before the trip, you can turn to something different when you change your mind or something better comes along. I changed my plans to meet a friend on an island in Thailand and stayed for a month. I wouldn’t have had that experience if I had kept to my plan.
However, most new travelers are the opposite---they over plan their trips. They make plans for every day, sometimes even for every hour. Two days here, three hours there. I understand why people do that. When time is short, you want to see as much as possible. You don’t want to waste a single second.
But in travel, less is more. Spending more time in one place allows you to get a better feel for the rhythm (节奏) of life. You can visit more relaxedly, see more than just the interesting places, and spend your time on the happy accidents of travel.
When I first made my travel plan, I tried to include everything in it. Then I realized it was hard to make it come true, and changed my plan. I came up with a list of just one or two things I want to see each day. It’s an important lesson to learn. I think the best trip plan is to work out the general path you want to take, book the first few nights of your trip, and let your travels begin from there. This way you are never locked into a certain place if your feelings change.
21．What does the underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph l mean?
A．prepared B．discussed C．gave up D．thought about
22．What can we learn about the writer from the text?
A．He lives an easy life. B．He enjoys traveling freely.
C．He spends a lot of time traveling. D．He prefers to follow others when traveling.
23．What does the author suggest about traveling?
A．Working out a simple travel plan. B．Getting prepared for the unexpected things.
C．Avoiding booking before the trip. D．Setting a goal before making a travel plan.
24．What is the best title for the text?
A．Traveling: A Race Against The Clock B．Why It Is Great to Travel Without a Plan
C．Traveling: Play More, Pay Less D．Why I Enjoy Traveling Around
【答案】21．C
22．B
23．A
24．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了有人旅行的时候过度计划自己的行程，而作者认为旅行的时候要放慢脚步，更好的感受生活的节奏。
21．词义猜测题。根据“On my first round-the-world trip in 2006, I planned everything out before the trip.”在2006年我的第一次环球旅行中，我在旅行前就计划好了一切。以及“and went with the flow (随大溜).”可知，此处应该是放弃了自己设计好的计划，因此ditched与gave up“放弃”一致。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据“Over the years, how I plan my travel has changed. Now, I’m a last-minute planner and seldom travel with any plan.”可知，作者喜欢自由旅行。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据“When I first made my travel plan, I tried to include everything in it. Then I realized it was hard to make it come true, and changed my plan. I came up with a list of just one or two things I want to see each day. It’s an important lesson to learn.”可以推出，作者的建议是制定一个简单的旅行计划。故选A。
24．最佳标题。根据“Traveling without a plan gives you great flexibility (灵活性). Since nothing is booked far before the trip, you can turn to something different when you change your mind or something better comes along.”可知，没有计划的旅行给你很大的灵活性。因为在旅行前很久没有预订任何东西，所以当你改变主意或者有更好的东西出现时，你可以转向不同的东西。因此“为什么没有计划的旅行很棒”作为标题符合文意。故选B。
G（2021·浙江上城·二模）
It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that. It’s away to teach kids necessary 21st century skills. It invites kids to make connections to the outside world by asking, “Where does our food come from? ”and “What is the history of this recipe?”. And it allows them to apply what they are learning at school in their real life.
They also test the math skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients (原料) is a common task in cooking or baking. Cooking also brings science ideas to life. It is a perfect chance for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.
Recipe failures (失败) matter as much as the successes, as they help kids develop resilience(韧性). When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. Her father told her about how he accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger(姜) when he was twelve. Then they worked together a few times to find out what had gone wrong with her cake.
Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character. It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they might not have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa (藜麦) before testing a recipe with quinoa in it. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night.
Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the skills above. It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen. This year, Oliver and his family have already done a lot of holiday baking, including their favorite chocolate-chip cookies. They both felt excited even though the kitchen was in a mess.
25．The passage mainly talks about the advantages of ________.
A．skills B．cooking C．science D．families
26．The underlined word “apply” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．teach B．finish C．use D．answer
27．The best part of cooking with children is ________.
A．to make children learn math B．to help children learn from failures
C．to improve children’s cooking skills D．to create sweet family memories
28．In the passage, the writer shows his ideas by ________.
A．asking questions B．giving examples C．listing numbers D．making up stories
【答案】25．B
26．C
27．D
28．B
【解析】这篇文章主要谈论烹饪的好处。烹饪是一种艺术形式，但远不止这个。烹饪能够测试年轻厨师的数学技能，也给生活带来了科学思想，有助于培养孩子的韧性，还能塑造性格。和孩子们一起做饭能够创造共同的甜蜜的家庭记忆。
25．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that.”以及第2、3、4、5段可知，烹饪远不止是一种艺术形式，它能测试年轻厨师的数学技能，给生活带来了科学思想，有助于培养孩子的韧性，和孩子们一起做饭有利于培养感情，创造共同的回忆。由此可知，这篇文章主要谈论烹饪的好处。故选B。
26．词意猜测题。此句“And it allows them to apply what they are learning at school in their real life.”句意为“它允许他们将在学校学到的知识应用到现实生活中。”由此可知，“apply”是“使用”的意思，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第5段中“Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the skills above. It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.”可知与孩子一起烹饪的最好部分是创造甜蜜的家庭记忆。故选D。
28．细节理解题。第二段介绍测试年轻厨师的数学技能和科学思想，列举了烹饪或烘焙计量原料、水油不能混合；第三段介绍配方成功否有助于培养孩子的韧性，列举了Helen的故事；第四段介绍烹饪能塑造性格，列举了Jad的故事；第五段介绍和孩子一起做饭能创造共同的甜蜜的家庭回忆，列举了Oliver的故事。由此可知，作者通过举例证明他的观点。故选B。
H（2021·辽宁大东·二模）
Some people are very careful about everything they do. On the other hand, some people are risk-takers-they do things without thinking too much about the results. Teenagers especially tend to（倾向于）take more risks than others. Why is this?
Anna Van Duijvenvoorde, a psychologist at Leiden University in the Netherlands, uses computer games to find out why some people are more impulsive（容易冲动的）than others. In one game, players are asked to click on a balloon on a computer screen. Every time they click, they gets bigger. The bigger the balloon is at the end of the test, the larger their reward will be. But if the balloon gets too big, it’ll explode（爆炸）and the player will get nothing.
Van Duijvenvoorde found that when teens played this game, a part of their brain called the striatum（纹状体）would become more active. This part of the brain controls our emotional response（情绪反应）to rewards Another part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex（前额皮质）helps us control our decision-making process.
It turns out that young people have more active striatums and less active prefrontal cortexes, which affects their ability to make careful decisions. You might have already guessed that teens tended to pop more balloons during the game than adults — mainly because they are more willing（愿意的）to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully.
“The teen brain is like a car with a very strong engine（引擎）, Van Duijvenvoorde said, “______”
29．It’s known from the text that risk-takers belong to those who ______.
A．do everything more carefully than any of the others B．do things without thinking too much about the results
C．are too careful to do everything they can D．are careful enough to do everything they can
30．In order to know why some people are more impulsive than others, Van Duijvenvoorde ______.
A．asks some players to do a computer game B．works as a psychologist at Leiden University
C．clicks on a balloon on a computer screen D．tries to make balloons explode more easily
31．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the text?
A．players B．balloons C．adults D．teens
32．What do you think Van Duijvenvoorde would say finally?
A．But they are not good at driving. B．People might guess them easily.
C．Its brakes（刹车）just don’t work as well. D．It took them more time to think carefully.
【答案】29．B
30．A
31．D
32．C
【分析】本文主要通过实验来验证为什么青少年更喜欢冒险。
29．细节理解题。根据“some people are risk-takers-they do things without thinking too much about the results”可知，有些人是冒险家，他们做事不考虑太多结果，故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“Anna Van Duijvenvoorde, a psychologist at Leiden University in the Netherlands, uses computer games to find out why some people are more impulsive than others.”可知，利用电脑游戏来找出为什么有些人比其他人更冲动，故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据“You might have already guessed that teens tended to pop more balloons during the game than adults—mainly because they are more willing to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully.”可知，青少年在比赛中比成年人更倾向于打破更多的气球，主要是因为他们更愿意冒险，不花时间仔细考虑。此处they指的是青少年，故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“mainly because they are more willing to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully”和“The teen brain is like a car with a very strong engine”可知，青少年更愿意冒险，不花时间仔细考虑，他们的大脑就像一辆带有很强的引擎，选项C“它的刹车不太好用”符合语境，故选C。