中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点38 短文填空之自由填空

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中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。  【讲通练透】考点38 短文填空之自由填空把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。二、满分技巧 1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。A根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Some English expressions have something to do with clothes. Have you noticed them? Let’s have a look!People wear pants to cover ___1___ bodies. When somebody is nervous, we can say “he has ants （蚂蚁）in his pants” . In every family, one person always takes control. Sometimes a___2___ tells her husband what to do. Then we say “she wears the pants in the family.”Pants usually have pockets to hold things. If one spends his money ___3___ , we may say “he burns a hole in his pocket”. Please don’t do like this! If a person ___4___ his money and does not spend too much, he may be rich in the future. __5__ a person sticks to his dream, he may be successful at last. We should “take our hats off” to them.Mr. Brad is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves (袖子) which cover his arms. Though his clothes ____6____ him look cool and strict, we know he shows his feelings openly to everyone. Then we can say “he wears his heart on his sleeve”. We know for certain it’s easy to get along well ___7___ this kind of person.Can you find some other similar English __8__? Use your head and you can find them by yourself.B根据下列短文内容，在文中空格处选上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。 Everyone ____9____ friends. There’s   _____10_____ old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship (友情) and keep it?Today, young students ___11___ told some good ways to find friends by the American writer, Sally Seamans. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed (种子) and look ____12____ it carefully to make it grow well.First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good look. A good friend should be kind and helpful. If something worries you, you can go to him or her. A good friend should listen to you and try his or her _____13_____ to help you.___14___ things do not always go well. Even the best friends also have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with ____15____ best friend? You have to talk to him or her. If he or she doesn’t want to talk with you, you can write a letter ____16____ him or her.Please remember that friendship is the ____17____ important thing in your life. It is worth ______18______ an effort to take care of it!C       Since I left China to work abroad, I haven’t celebrated the Lantern Festival for years. ____19____, I still remember how I spent the festival with my family when I was a child.       On the night of the festival, we would have a big dinner together. My parents would ____20____ the meal while my brother and I would help lay ____21____ the dishes on the table. During the meal, we would eat a lot of delicious food and we would also have Tangyuan as the ____22____. It’s a kind of traditional Chinese sweet food and it is in the ____23____ of a round ball. After the great meal, we would go to the park near our home to ____24____ the Lantern Festival Show. The lanterns of the show were beautiful and there was a riddle on each of ____25____. My father was good at riddles and he always ____26____ a lot of prizes from the show. Then he would give all of the prizes to my brother and me as the ____27____ of the festival. What ____28____ amazing festival it was!DJohn Allen, an American scientist once said, “the Internet is the world’s largest library, but all the books in it are on the floor!” What he meant is that the Internet is ____29____ of information. But it can be difficult to find what you ____30____ need.        The Internet has another disadvantage. Anyone can build a website, so you can ____31____ websites about whatever you can imagine. Unfortunately, ____32____ lot of what is written on them is not always true.       At the same time, the Internet provides many other things. On some websites, you can download music and films. They are usually very ____33____ and some are even free. On some other websites, you can connect ____34____ people from all over the world. And there are some great online shops, too. For ____35____, on eBay people sell used clothes, CDs, and even cars at very low prices. It is true that the Internet has made _____36_____ lives more convenient. But we should not depend on it too much. Some people are also afraid that surfing the Internet has taken the place of other healthier activities, especially for young people. Whether you love it ____37____ hate it, though, you’d better get used to ____38____ because it is right here to stay.E根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Mobile phone is an amazing invention. People could finally speak to each other from one home to another. As a result, we could keep in touch with people almost anywhere in the world, ___39___ it seems that many of us still prefer to communicate by text (短信). A study in the UK a few years ago found that 49% of teenagers preferred to send a text rather than ___40___ to someone on the phone.Certainly sending a text message on WeChat (微信) means we can carefully ___41___ about what we want to say, and we can be more efficient (高效的) in saying it — especially if we express ourselves ___42___ using different emojis (表情符号). Besides, to have a quick communication ___43___ as long as you don’t waste time having a very long discussion by text. Texting also helps to protect privacy. When ___44___ are communicating by text in a public place such as on a bus, other people can’t hear your conversation.But texting can’t really help us to develop communication skills. When texting, we may even forget the art of communicating with others and no longer go out of our ___45___ to sound polite sometimes. Besides, we may not be able to ___46___ a text well if we have missed a speaker’s intonation (语调).F请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。There were nine wooden blocks(积木)on the desk in front of Rissa. Each one had a letter on it. ___47___ first look, the blocks looked like toys, but they spelled out a message, “Yes, you can.” Three simple words came from Mr. B, the Reading Lab teacher. However, in Rissa’s opinion, ___48___ hard it was to read!She wasn’t stupid. Math came ___49___ to her. And she loved science. But she couldn’t do well in reading. When she came to high school, the textbooks were thicker, and the words were ___50___ longer. She was told that she had a simple ___51___ disorder by Mr. B．Rissa thought it was not easy to overcome though he encouraged her. It ___52___ scary. Then Ted walked in. Ted was a tall, smart ___53___ funny boy. “What is he doing there?” Rissa thought. “Hey, Rissa,” he said cheerfully. “Hey, Mr. B! So, what tricks did you perform for us today? I have a history test on Friday, and I’m having a really difficult ___54___ getting through the reading.” he laughed. Then he turned to Rissa. “It isn’t easy to ___55___ as smart as everyone thinks you are, is it?”So Ted had a reading disorder, too. Yet he didn’t seem to care. In ___56___, he was facing it head-on. He was brave. Suddenly, Rissa thought the wooden words in front of her started looking more like text than just wooden blocks.GGood manners are important things to have because they show that you’re polite to other people. If you’re having a meal with others, make sure you know the ___57___ to these questions.How to deal with my phoneSet your phone to silent or vibrate (震动), and keep it in a pocket or bag from the ___58___ to the end of your meal. ___59___ there’s an emergency (紧急情况), don’t answer it. If you need to take a phone call, excuse yourself from the table first by saying something like, “Excuse me, I need to take this. I’ll be right back.”When to start eatingDon’t start ___60___ immediately as you sit down. It’s rude to start if other people’s food hasn’t arrived. __61__, wait patiently in your seat before taking your first bite.How to use a fork and knifeHold your fork and knife carefully like you’re holding a pencil. When you need to cut food on the plate, hold the knife in your ___62___ hand and your fork in your left. Then, you can use your fork ___63___ in your left hand or in your right hand after putting the knife down.What if there’s an emergencyIf you need to check your phone or go to the bathroom ___64___ the meal at any point, “excuse me” before standing up so others know you need to go somewhere. You don’t need to give the reason why you’re leaving as long as you come back and sit down again.H完成短文，每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。One kind word can make someone’s day brighter.Nowadays it seems so hard for people to ___65___ their love and care towards others and to actually understand what they are going through.As a child, I was taught to go out of ___66___ way to make someone else happy. My mom would tell me to say at least one ___67___ word to someone else every day. I admit (承认) that it wasn’t very easy to do. But as soon as you see the look of happiness in that person’s eyes, you just want to do ___68___ you can do.I had an experience with a guy whom people were always making ___69___ of. Every time I saw that happening, I knew it was wrong. Then I decided to be his friend. I started walking with him and ___70___ him to people around me. I was making him happy ___71___ doing that. And I felt proud because I had a great ___72___ on him.After a while, people have almost completed stopped making fun of him, but he is still what he was. What changed was others’ attitude towards him. I know what I did for my friend was so easy and at the ___73___ time I had lots of fun. So I hope everyone can say a kind word to someone else at ___74___ once a day. I’m sure it will be the best feeling you can ever get.A（2021·广东中考真题）请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。Many foreigners move to China because of a strong interest in its culture. One man has turned his interest into love and this love made   1   write many books about China. He is William, an American who has lived in China   2   33 years, his Chinese name is Pan Weilian. His Chinese friends   3   him “Lao Pan”.In 1988, Lao Pan first came to China and   4   as a teacher at a university. But Lao Pan did not begin to understand China   5   he and his family took a 3-month drive around the county. These experiences in China gave him ideas for his books. Since then, he has   6   thirteen books about China. These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is   7   of what he is doing.Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven   8   to his family back in America. The letters show China’s development in different periods. Lao pan often says he loves China   9   its people so much. He sees it as a life-long task to let more westerners know   10   China is like. He will continue telling the nation’s stories to the world.B（2021·河南中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。From:To:Subject:IrisMarieExperienceDear Marie,I’ve been in Beijing for a month. I stay in a modern hotel   11   lies in the center of the city. I have visited many wonderful places, for example,   12   Great Wall of China. I have also met a lot of very friendly people here. Now I’m trying to learn Chinese from them and I am quite interested   13   it. Chinese food is really delicious and hot pot is my favorite. In China, it is interesting   14   see people eating with chopsticks. I’m practicing using them and I am getting more   15   more skillful now.I want to come back again next year. I hope you can come with me.Iris C（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。No one can live without sleep. Experts believe that sleep is   1   food and water. Good health needs good sleep. Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than 6 hours and a half at night are more often ill than people   2   sleep for 8 hours.How   3   hours do you sleep every night? Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night. Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class. These students can   4   concentrate(集中注意力）on their study.Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep? Recently, a reporter did a survey in No. 21 Middle School. The result shows that there are two main   5   about this problem. One is that students have too much homework at night. Some students have to   6   up late to finish their homework till 11:00 p.m. The   7   reason is about the use of Internet. Some students are crazy about playing games on the phones.Many parents worry about this problem. The Ministry of Education （教育部）has paid more attention   8   this problem and required that students in primary schools should   9   at least 10 hours a day, 9 hours for junior high and 8 hours for senior high. Schools are expected to give less homework to students   10   that they can have more time to sleep.D（2021·重庆中考真题）A study has been done at a university. Scientists divided a class into two groups. They made each group take notes   11   different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The second one did it on the computer. The   12   of the study was to find out which method would help the students learn better. The scientists thought Group Two would win. But to their surprise, Group One did a better job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it!Good notes can   13   to less stress（压力）when test time comes around. Then how can you improve your note-taking skill? The following advice can help you. Firstly, try to get yourself ready   14   class begins. Be familiar（熟悉的）with the material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks and pens on the desk. Secondly, take notes wisely while listening in class. Many students become   15   taking notes and they may fail to follow the teacher. So it is important to know when to take notes. And remember to write down the key words and use shorthand（速记法） if necessary. Thirdly, check your notes after class. You can add some details（细节）yourself first. If there is still something missing, compare your notes with   16  . Do it with those who take notes carefully. These checks will also   17   your chances of understanding what you’ve written.Try the advice above. When you can take notes   18   than before, you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable.E（2021·重庆中考真题）Nowadays we often work as a team. By leading a group of people can be difficult. People want team leaders they can trust. Would you like to be a good leader? Here’s some   19   for you.Ask to know your teamLearn about each person on your team. You can’t be a successful leader   20   you know your team. Be a “learner” instead of a “knower” as you don’t have all of the answers. Try to get close to them by   21   questions. For example as you pass someone, you can ask, “Hi! Do you enjoy doing these projects?” or “Do you have any ideas about how to do it better?”Talk to your teamBe as active as you can when you stay with your team. It’s a good practice to talk   22   with everyone on your team. Tell them what you’re thinking about and what new projects you’re considering. The more you talk to them, the more comfortable they will feel when they give you their opinions.   23   to your teamLet your team feel you’re a good listener. Whenever they have problems at work or at home, listen to what they want to say. Be patient and  24   trying to interrupt（打断）them. Make your team feel they can talk to you. Care about your team.Show your team you care about them as   25   are friends. People will work harder for their leaders if they feel they are really cared about. If someone comes to you   26   a problem, always be ready to help. That will make your team trust and respect you more.A（2021·广东高要·二模）Once upon a time, ____1____ old woman had two large water pots. Each hung on the end of a pole(杆子)which she carried across her neck. One of the pots had a crack(裂缝) in it while the ___2___ pot was perfect. From the river to the house, the cracked pot arrived only half full. And the other pot was always ____3____. The perfect pot took ____4____ in its talent. And the poor cracked pot felt sad for its own disadvantages.One day by the river the cracked pot said to the woman, “I feel bad about ____5____ because the crack in me causes water to come out all the way back to your house.”The old woman smiled and said, “Why are there flowers on your side of the road, ____6____ not on the other pot’s side? That’s because I have always known about your crack. So I planted flowers on your side of the road, and every day while we walk back, you ____7____ them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my house. There would not be this beauty ____8____ you. Each of us has our own cracks. But it’s these cracks that ____9____ our lives so interesting and beautiful.”So, to all the cracked pot friends, have a great day and remember to smell the _____10_____ on your side of the road!B（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Many of the students in China have been called “bilingual talents (双语人才)”- their local dialects(方言) and Putonghua, not Chinese and a foreign language.Zhang Yaoyi, 14, from Chongqing, is ____11____ of such talents. For many years, she has spoken Chongqing dialect at home, but Putonghua in school.China encourages the ____12____ of Putonghua in class. And students find it natural to speak Putonghua even ____13____ class.A report in 2011 showed that only 60 percent of Chongqing students could fully understand their local dialect. Many language experts (专家) are ____14____.”The local culture is dying if a dialect is no longer popular,” they believe, “The liveliest words and expressions are all born of dialects.” Zhang Yaoyi ____15____ with it and finds it strange to use Putonghua for some words.Some cities have taken action to protect dialects now. ____16____ 2008, some primary schools in Chongqing have asked students to speak the Chongqing dialect one day a week. Starting from this year, other primary schools encourage ____17____ to speak their dialect during breaks.However, ____18____ dialects doesn’t mean saying No to Putonghua. Dialects are just part of a multi-cultural (多元文化的) society.C（2021·四川成都·二模）A: Hello, everyone, welcome to the Voice of China. Last year, D&G, a brand from Italy, showed advertisement videos on the Internet, making fun of a Chinese lady eating western food with ____19____. Today, we interviewed Alex, how do you feel about the video?B: Watching the video made me feel really uncomfortable and I ____20____ how such low quality videos could ever be produced by an important company, such as D&G.A: Do you think it’s really strange to eat western food like this?B: Of course not. Being ____21____ in an Italian-Chinese family, I prefer chopsticks to a fork at dining tables, which I am greatly ____22____ of. Chinese and other ____23____ people certainly do not need D&G to tell them how to eat western food.A: Yes, although there is a huge difference between two kinds of cultures, at least, they should show the ____24____ respect. Do you think it will greatly influence the relationship between China and Italy?B: Not exactly. You know more than 400 years ago, Matteo Ricci（利玛窦）, a very famous Italian, brought the knowledge of chopsticks to Europe. This accident should in ____25____ way affect the strong historical respect between the two countries.A: Yes, but as the saying goes, “As they make their own bed, so they have to lie on it.” A long ____26____ of Chinese pop stars have already refused to ____27____ D&G fashion show in Shanghai, so the show has been canceled. D&G had to say sorry to Chinese people and showed they had ____28____ but respect for China and the people of China.D（2021·河南南阳·一模）As we all know, to change the whole world is impossible. But many small changes can make a difference. Everyone has tasks that they fear ____29____ do. Think ____30____ a task that your dear one hates, ____31____ do it for him or her! You an imagine the pleasure when you see your bathroom is unexpectedly cleaned. Next, whether your talent is singing, cooking or giving good advice, share ____32____, you may not think your talent is interesting, but it can make the world a better place. Start a conversation with someone. It feels great to have a good conversation ____33____ connects you with someone. Whoever you choose, making a meaningful conversation can make new connections or strengthen old ones.E（2021·重庆巴蜀中学一模）根据下列短文内容，在短文后的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。“I’m just a kid! I shouldn’t have to work!” That’s right. You probably don’t have to work, ____34____here are some reasons why you may want to.Earning(挣钱) is learning.By working to earn your own money, you’ll learn the skills you’ll need to succeed in the world, such as dealing with money or ____35____along with people.____36____ gives you more choices.If you want to see a movie, get that great video game, or go out for hamburgers with your friends, you’ll need money to do it. When your pocket money runs out, does it mean cancelling all your plans? ____37____ your own extra(额外的) money, you don’t have to.Being independent(自食其力的) feels great.When you make your own money, you needn’t wait for someone ____38____ to give you some. Five dollars that you’ve earned will probably seem a lot better to you than twenty you have asked for, and there is nothing better than the proud ____39____ of taking your own money to the bank or store.It beats being bored.How many times have you ever been bored because you can find ____40____ much to do? Well, how about coming up with a plan to earn some money? By working and earning money, you’ll be able to ____41____ the hours fly by.Okay, so now we know why we should make money, but what’s the best place to do it? Start at home!F（2021·河南获嘉·一模）In learning English, one should first pay attention to listening and speaking. It is the groundwork of reading and writing. You’d better try your best to speak while you do much listening. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. ____42____ be careful not let them stop you from improving your English.While you are doing this, a good way is to write or keep a diary, write notes or letters. Then if you can, ask some others to go through ____43____ you have written and tell you where it is wrong. Many mistakes in your speaking will ____44____ easily found when you write. Through correcting mistakes, you can do better in learning English.If you are slow in speaking, don’t worry about it. ____45____ of the helpful ways is reading, either aloud or to yourself. The important thing is to choose something interesting to read. It mustn’t be too difficult for you. When you are reading in this way, don’t stop to look up the new words if you can guess their meanings or they have ____46____ to do with the sentences. You can do that some other time.G（2021·河南洛阳·一模）Zhang Guimei was born in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang province in 1957, Zhang traveled to Yunnan ____47____ the age of 17 and has been helping girls from poor areas to receive education for over 40 years.Although Zhang Guimei has serious health problems, she took morning classes with students for 22 years. She ____48____ also racked up（累计）110,000 kilometers visiting her students’ families over the years. Most of her salary and bonuses（工资和奖金）were spent on students. ____49____ the school opened in 2008, it has seen more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges. On Feb25, President Xi Jinping presented ____50____ award（奖品）to Zhang Guimei at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. On Feb 17, 2021, Zhang Guimei received an award for being one of China’s inspiring role models ____51____ program Touching China 2020. All the Chinese people are moved by her.H（2021·广东·河源市第二中学一模）阅读下面短文，并借助上下文补充所缺信息。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。Sally wanted to buy her mother a birthday present. But she didn’t ____52____ what to buy. And she had only one day to buy her mother something.That morning, when she went window-shopping, she saw a pet store on the left side of the road. She thought to ____53____, “My mother lives alone. She must be very ____54____ and she needs a pet.”Sally went into the store and saw many wonderful ____55____ there, such as puppy dogs, cute cats, and goldfish. But she didn’t think those were ____56____ enough. She asked the manager. ____57____ he had a pet that was really special.The manager thought ____58____ a moment and replied, “Yes, but it needs ____59____ lot of money, $5, 000.” The manager added, “I have a parrot that can ____60____ seven languages-Chinese, English, French, Korean, German, Russian and even Hindi!”“Perfect!” Sally said and ____61____ the bird. She mailed it by special delivery to her mother, so that she would get it the next day.The next evening after work, Sally called her mother and asked, “How do you like your birthday present?” Her mother replied, “Thank you. It’s delicious!”