中考英语二轮复习【讲通练透】 考点30 定语从句

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

【讲通练透】专题30 定语从句

常考点归纳

【典例1】

1．（2021·西藏·中考真题）We’ll never forget the heroes ________ bring people hope in difficult times.

A．which B．whom C．whose D．who

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：我们永远不会忘记在困难时期为人民带来希望的英雄们。

考查定语从句。本句含定语从句，先行词是“the heroes”，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选D。

【典例2】

2．（2021·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）—Tom, where do you work?

—I work in a shop ________ sells different kinds of vegetables.

A．where B．who C．which D．what

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：——Tom，你在哪里工作。——我在一家卖各种蔬菜的商店工作。

考查定语从句的引导词。where关系副词，指地点，从句中作状语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；分析句子可知，横线处及后面是定语从句，首先排除D选项；空格处缺少主语，副词不能作主语，所以排除A选项；本句先行词a shop是物，所以关系词用which，排除B选项；故选C。

【典例3】

3．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.

—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.

A．how B．who C．what D．that

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。

考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。

【典例4】

4．（2021·贵州毕节·中考真题）Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.

A．that B．which C．who D．whom

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。

考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故选A。

【典例5】

5．（2021·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition?

—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.

A．who B．whose C．whom D．which

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：——你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗？——嗯，他是王伟，我们的班长。

考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；whom关系代词，指人，作宾语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；句子先行词是boy，根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知，此处指的是“男孩的书法”，应用whose作定语，故选B。

【技巧点拨】

用法详解： 

1.概念：

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。

定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句

如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.

           ↓      ↓            ↓

         先行词 引导词    从句（定语从句）

2. 关系词的选用：

3、关系词的省略：

关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略

如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。

The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。

4.关系代词只能用that的情况

(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that

如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.

(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.

如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?

(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who).

如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.

(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.

如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.

(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.

如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

5. 关系代词只能用which的情况

(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰

如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书

(2)引导词前有介词

如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。

6. 定语从句中的主谓一致

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人

 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一

【变式演练】

6．（2014·浙江杭州·一模）I will never forget the day________ we spent in the old town with small houses

A．who B．whom C．that D．what

7．（2021·福建省惠安荷山中学模拟预测）My hometown is exactly the place            holds all my sweet memories.

A．who B．which C．what

8．（2021·福建·厦门一中模拟预测）Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ________ has won Oscars in history.

A．that B．what C．who

9．（2021·福建鼓楼·三模）— What’s new in the App Store?

— Notability. It is a useful app ________ can help you add things like pictures, videos, and even audio recordings to your notes.

A．who B．which C．what

10．（2021·福建惠安·二模）Language learning isn’t difficult itself. The will __________ you have decides whether you can learn it well or not.

A．who B．whose C．that

11．（2021·四川·石室中学二模）We are working hard to prepare for the entrance examination of high school _______ result will surely decide whether we can go to a good senior high school or not.

A．what B．which C．whose

12．（2021·四川新都·三模）I love pop music ________ I can dance to.

A．whose B．who C．that

13．（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）I will never forget the good old days ________ we spent together in CQFLS.

A．who B．which C．where D．why

14．（2021·黑龙江香坊·三模）—What did she write in her composition?

—She described the people and places ________ left her the sweetest memory.

A．which B．who C．that

15．（2021·福建海沧·二模）—Have you ever seen the film Sister ________ describes a touching story?

—Yes, it inspired me a lot.

A．which B．who C．whom

16．（2021·四川五通桥·二模）—Which invention do you like best?

—WeChat. It is an invention _________ can help us communicate with others online freely.

A．who B．that C．what

17．（2021·安徽淮南·二模）—Do you know something about Zhao Zhongxiang?

—Sure. He was a famous host ________ passed away last year.

A．who B．whose C．which D．what

18．（2021·四川沙湾·二模）The man ________ is wearing sunglasses wants to know ________ Miss has arrived.

A．who; whether B．that; that C．whom; how

19．（2021·四川成都·二模）—Have you found any information about famous female directors ________ you can use in class?

—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.

A．whose B．who C．which

20．（2021·云南开远·二模）We teenagers should look up to the people ________ have made great achievements to our countries, like Yuan Longping.

A．who B．what C．which D．whose

21．（2021·黑龙江大庆·二模）The watch ________ you gave me keeps perfect time.

A．that B．what C．who D．whose

22．（2021·江苏徐州·二模）Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well.

A．which B．who C．whose D．whom

23．（2021·内蒙古莫力达瓦·一模）I dislike people ___________ much but never do.

A．which talk B．who talk C．who talks D．whom talk

24．（2021·内蒙古阿荣旗·一模）—Do you know Li Ziqi?

—Of course. She is a beautiful girl ________ has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.

A．what B．/ C．which D．who

25．（2020·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第十七中学校三模）— Father’s Day of this year 2020 is coming on 21st   of June, so what’s your surprise for your father?

— I think writing a thankful-card is the only one of the necessary things that ________ love to my father most.

A．express B．expresses C．expressed

26．（2020·江苏·仪征市实验初中三模）— Can you say something about Li Lanjuan?

— Of course. She is the bravest doctor ________ all the Chinese are proud of fights against the novel coronavirus.

A．who B．whom C．whose D．that

27．（2020·湖南·长沙麓山国际实验学校三模）— Do you know the boy with ________ Ms. Green is talking?

— Oh, that’s Peter. He’s going to make a speech at our graduation party.

A．that B．what C．whom

28．（2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨市萧红中学二模）If you want to be a well-liked student, first of all, you should keep promises. Don’t say anything ________ you can’t follow.

A．who B．which C．that

29．（2020·安徽·合肥市第四十二中学一模）There are many works of art in the museum _______we will visit tomorrow.

A．where B．who C．which D．what

30．（2021·湖北·孝感市孝南区教学研究室二模）—What kind of movies do you prefer?

—I prefer the movies ________ me something to think about.

A．which give B．that gives C．what give D．who gives