中考英语二轮复习【讲通练透】 考点37 短文填空

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中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。  【讲通练透】专题37  短文填空常考点归纳【典例1】（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth. The youth like the early spring, like the morning sun, like the budding flowers, like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone. Youth is the most v____1____ time of life. Youth is a relatively (相对地) short p____2____ in one’s life. During this time, habits and interests are formed for the r____3____ of your life. So it’s important to have a good start. But what is the s____4____ of youth? It’s a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation. Sure, you might have parents and friends help you now, but f____5____, you must depend on yourself. W____6____ needing help or advice, your character and confidence can be built by yourself. No one can f____7____ you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities (责任) are yours. O____8____ you can be the master of your life. When you are in trouble, continue trying. T____9____ yourself to be strong. Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems. You can do the work that others can’t. Anything w____10____ doing isn’t easy — it’s best to learn that lesson early. Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.【答案】1．(v)aluable2．(p)eriod3．(r)est4．(s)pirit5．(f)inally6．(W)ithout7．(f)orce8．(O)nly9．(T)rain10．(w)orth【分析】青年时期是人们最宝贵的一段时间，作者建议我们靠自己，不要依赖别人，只有自己能主宰自己的命运，也告诉我们永远不要抱怨，要永远努力实现自己的梦想。1．句意：青春是生命中最宝贵的时光。根据“Youth is the most v…time of life.”可知，青春是宝贵的，用形容词valuable作定语修饰time，故填(v)aluable。2．句意：青年时期是人一生中相对较短的一段时间。根据“Youth is a relatively short p…in one’s life.”可知，青年时期是一段时间，用period作表语，故填(p)eriod。3．句意：在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会在你以后的生活中形成。根据“During this time, habits and interests are formed for the r…of your life.”可知，此处指其余的生活，the rest of one’s life“余生”，故填(r)est。4．句意：但是什么是青春的精神呢？根据“It’s a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation.”可知，这是开始自力更生和自我激励的时候，这是青春的精神，用spirit在句中作主语，故填(s)pirit。5．句意：当然，你现在可能有父母和朋友帮助你，但最后，你必须依靠自己。根据“Sure, you might have parents and friends help you now”可知，现在可以依靠父母，但是最后只能靠自己，用finally作状语，故填(f)inally。6．句意：不需要别人的帮助和建议，你的性格和自信是可以由你自己建立的。根据“you must depend on yourself”可知，必须靠自己，所以不需要别人的帮助和建议，用without放句首，故填(W)ithout。7．句意：没有人能强迫你取得好成绩或得到一份完美的工作——这些责任都是你的。根据“No one can f…you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities(责任) are yours.”可知，没人能强迫你做什么事，用动词force，在情态动词后，用动词原形，故填(f)orce。8．句意：只有你才能主宰自己的人生。根据前文介绍可知，要靠自己，别人不能强迫你，所以只有自己才能主宰自己，句首需大写首字母，故填(O)nly。9．句意：训练自己变得强壮。根据“When you are in trouble, continue trying.”可知，当你遇到麻烦时，继续尝试，所以训练使自己强壮，此处是祈使句，句首需大写首字母，故填(T)rain。10．句意：任何值得做的事情都不容易——最好尽早吸取教训。根据“Anything w…doing isn’t easy — it’s best to learn that lesson early.”可知，任何值得做的事情都不容易，用形容词worth作anything的后置定语，故填(w)orth。 【技巧点拨】用法详解： 1.考查角度： (1)给出提示词考查的内容一般为: ①名词。一般考查名词单复数、名词所有格,或是其他形容词、动词与名词之间的词形转换。 ②动词。一般考查动词的时态、语态,也会伴有考查非谓语动词的形式。 ③形容词与副词,一般考查词形变化、比较等级等。 (2)无提示的词一般考查冠词、介词、连词、代词、疑问词或情态动词和系动词等。2.解题步骤：1.通读金文,了解大意。为下一步"填空"做好语意上的准备。2:理解句意,分析结构,,各个击破。(1)留意句中标志词法。根据标志词来确定给定词的适当形式,不失为高效迅速解决问题的捷径。(2)熟记固定搭配、固定句式法。有些空格填空, 特别是自由填空,有时常涉及常用固定搭配、固定句式等。迅速意识到这些固定用法,对于提高解题的准确率和速度是切实有效的。(3)上下文连贯法。关注前后连贯性和行文逻辑, 结合句意和句式结构，作出灵活准确的判断。无提示词填空,主要考查的是冠词、代词、介词和连词等。3:复读审查,仔细斟酌,修正错误。【变式演练】01（2021·广东·深圳市高级中学二模） Julia was tired ____11____ renting because of her saxophonist neighbour. The neighbour practiced two hours a day. She couldn’t bear it and called the police. But they said saxophone playing ____12____（permit) in apartments because it was job-related.There are many unhappy renters, but there are also happy renters. My neighbors could have been any better if I had picked them ____13____ (I). I love renting and I enjoy visiting friends I   ____14____ (make)over the years.” Said Howard, ____15____ middle-aged man. One neighbor is a pianist. ____16____（luck), he’ll bring Howard the best music in the world. Another neighbor is a gardener. Howard looks forward to ____17____ (greet) his lovely plants every day.Different persons have different ____18____ (view). Julia sees the saxophone player as   ____19____ (annoy), yet Howard considers the piano player as delightful. Millions of people would be happy just to have a roof over their head. Yet there are millions _____20_____ would complain about their roof with a wrong color.02（2021·浙江滨江·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。As Grade 9 students, there are many difficulties in our life and studies. What should we do in face of them? Shall we run away from them? ____21____ shall we go out to deal with them? We must make correct ____22____ (choose).First of all, we should regard them as challenges and face them bravely. It’s a good chance to improve ourselves. Secondly, we must step out of our comfort zone and try ____23____ (solve) these difficulties step by step. It ____24____ (true) requires courage and confidence to defeat them. Nothing ____25____ (be) impossible if we keep on trying. It is necessary and important for us to listen carefully in class and take ____26____ active part in all kinds of practice. We should also cooperate with our partner or team members sincerely. Most importantly, we must concentrate ourselves while studying. The ____27____ (hard) we work, the better future we will have. Only ____28____ this way, can we become more capable and confident. There’s no short cut.Whatever challenges we may face, we should always remember, we study not only for ____29____ (we), but also for our country — China! Strong youth strong country. Let’s go on fighting ____30____ we succeed. Come on, guys!03（2021·四川绵竹·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案写下答题卡上指定的位置。Language is part of our daily lives. Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives, too. Both language and music play ___31___ important role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.       They both have a writing system.       In English we record language by ___32___ (use) the alphabet which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes(音符) ___33___ (keep) a record of music. Just as you are reading this collection of letters and trying to find the meaning in it, musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music which we can hear. So just as you read English, you can read music.       They both follow the change of culture.       People from different places speak different ___34___ (language), so you can guess ___35___ someone is from through the language. In the same way, the ___36___ (style) of music are also different. So we can learn about different cultures through ___37___ (they) music.       They both express people’s feelings.       How do you know that a person is angry? Of course you can know it from the person’s   ___38___ (express) on his face, but you will know for sure through his words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy, too. It can show ___39___ (exact) how the musician is feeling. That's why many people like to dance ___40___   a happy song when they feel happy and listen to sad music when they feel down.04（2021·山东蒙阴·二模）根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。Nowadays, with the development of Internet technology, the two-dimensional code(二维码) is very popular among us. It’s also called the quick response code (QR code).This special code ___41___ (invent) by a Japanese company in 1994. It’s widely used in China now.QR codes are used ___42___ (store) information. They can also store pictures. It is easy to use a QR code. If you want to get the information in it, just take out your phone and scan (扫描) the code with a special app, and then you can get it easily.Today, QR codes are popular in China. There ___43___ (be) QR codes everywhere. They are on television and the Internet. QR codes ___44___ (use) and printed on Chinese train tickets since 2010. When a machine scans the code on the ticket, information of the ticket owner and the train ___45___ (appear) on the screen in a few seconds.QR codes have many special uses. For example, in 2008, a Japanese company ___46___ (plan) to put QR codes on gravestones(墓碑). By scanning the code, visitors could get information about the departed (去世的)person. Recently, special cards with QR codes were introduced to old people in some cities. If they ___47___ (get) lost, people can know their names, addresses and telephone numbers of their family members by scanning the codes on the cards.05（2021·河北路北·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DING! This is your captain(机长), Tianwen-1, speaking. We expect to land on Mars(火星) soon. Please get ready to… We will be the ____48____ (three) to land on it.Ah, what a long flight! Finally, it’s time ____49____ me to start working. Wow! What a beautiful place it is! It seems to be red all over!Oh, I just forgot to introduce ____50____ (I). My name is Zhurong(祝融). I was born in China. I’ll be the ____51____ (country) first-ever spacecraft to land on Mars and explore(探索)this famous planet. It’s a difficult job but very ____52____ (value). Lots of Chinese scientists ____53____ (spend) many days and nights training me. I am full of pride to be a pioneer(先锋)!I know many of you are interested in Mars. There are lots of books about ____54____ red planet. But in many ways, it is still a mysterious place. For the next three ____55____ (month), I’ll be working very hard.____56____ (probable) I’ll run into many difficulties, but I’ll never give up. I’ll try my best to let Chinese scientists learn _____57_____ (much) about Mars than all the others.Now it’s time to set out! Wish me good luck and wait for my good news!06（2021·江苏通州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her vision(视力) not so clear, 16-year-old Sun Na went to the hospital with her parents in January. She was surprised when she found out that her eyesight d__58__ from 5.0 to 4.6 in only a term, “A few of my c__59__ have had the same experience lately,” Sun said. In fact, poor eyesight a__60__ Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.To p__61__ students’ eyesight, the Chinese government has worked out new requirements(要求) for school supplies(供应品) and equipment(装备). They will take effect on March 1,2022. For example, according to the requirements, the s__62__ of text in students’ textbooks should be no smaller than nine-point(小五号). Also, teachers should also a__63__ using projectors(投影仪) or other multimedia equipment that are too bright. They’re bad for eyes. Besides these, there are requirements for the lights in the classroom. Theses lights should give off as little blue light as p__64__. Blue light is bad for our eyes because it can even k__65__ the photoreceptor cells(感光细胞) we need for vision. In fact, in our daily life, many of the e__66__ devices(设备) we use, including our phones and computer screens, give off blue light. Chinese government has also taken some other a__67__ to protect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the National Health Commission required schools to make sure that students have at least two hours of outdoor activity a day.07（2021·江苏·镇江市江南学校一模）On April 6, the Ministry of Education opened a draft (草案) regulation on the protection of minors (未成年人) for public comments (发表意见) . People will be able to comment on it u____68____ April 23. The regulation is part of the new law on the protection of minors(《未成年人保护法》).From school bullying and seep to mobile phones and after-school classes the draft c____69____ problems that were not covered by laws before.For example, schools should not t____70____ students differently because of their parents’ education l____71____ or jobs. And bullying now includes b____72____ languages and physical behavior (行为). Laughing at someone or c____73____ them a bad name are now seen as bullying. The draft has been w____74____ discussed. As of April 7, it had received more than 300 million views on Sina Weibo.One of the h____75____ topics is about school grades. The regulation says that schools should not make students’ test scores public.“Our education has focused too much on scores,” said Shan Zhiya, “It has made parents care only about their children’s scores instead of all-around (全面的) d____76____.”But parents _____77_____ need to know how their kids are doing in school. It’s better to use a rating (等级评定) system instead of simply giving scores, Shan suggested.