选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course精品达标测试

课时把关练

Part I  Reading and Thinking

基础知识练

Ⅰ. 单词拼写

1. Holidays are expensive and，for those on low w　　　　　　 （工资），they are often unobtainable.

2. Losing the basketball match last week was a b　　　　　　 （激烈而不愉快的） disappointment for the team.

3. I said goodbye to my friend as he got a　　　　　　（上，登上）the train at Beijing Railway Station.

4. They enjoyed an income and lifestyle that many people would e　　　　　　（羡慕）.

5. He saw the corner of a magazine sticking out from under the b　　　　　　（毛毯）.

6. We must find ways to assure our children a d　　　　　　（相当不错的） start in life.

7. The reforms are motivated by a g　　　　　　（真正的） concern for the disabled.

8. My heart s　　　　　　（下沉） because I thought he was  going to leave me behind.

Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空

1. The little girl has 　　　　　　 several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.

2. Nowadays many young people from the countryside 　　　　　　 finding good jobs in big cities.

3. During Spring Festival，people like to 　　　　　　 firecrackers and put up spring couplets on the door.

4. At dusk，I walked as far as the lake and then I made up my mind to 　　　　　　.

5. Mr. Smith was thirty minutes late for the meeting because he had been 　　　　　　 traffic jam.

6. Faced with challenges，you’d better 　　　　　　 a good state of mind.

7. I don’t know why you are so concerned—it isn’t your problem 　　　　　　.

8. Young people，　　　　　　 and vitality，are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.

Ⅲ. 单句语法填空

1. In my opinion，there is no evidence indicating that he is a 　　　　　　（qualify） doctor.

2. Before I entered the competition，I had mixed program of strength and 　　　　　　（endure） training.

3. I was always an 　　　　　　（enthusiasm） reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.

4. Never will I forget my first 　　　　　　（assign） at the office of a popular English newspaper.

5. If you don’t have an aim，you will drift like an 　　　　　　 （abandon） ship at sea.

6. He asked me to take fewer 　　　　　　（belong） as there was little room left in our car.

7. With faith and 　　　　　　（persevere），Goodall finally overcame all the difficulties.

8. They made a 　　　　　　（resolve） to go climbing Mount Tai on Sunday.

Ⅳ. 一句多译

1. 我下火车时碰巧在下雨，因此只好乘出租车。

① 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it was raining when I got off the train and I had to take a taxi. （it作形式主语）

②It happened 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 when I got off the train and I had to take a taxi. （动词不定式短语）

2. 没有你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。

① 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　，I would not have made such great progress. （without）

②If you 　　　　 　　　　 me，I would not 　　　　 　　　　 such great progress. （if引导的虚拟条件句）

3. 能有机会参加这次会议被认为是很大的荣耀。

①People 　　　　 　　　　 a great honor to have a chance to attend the conference. （it作形式宾语）

② 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a great honor to have a chance to attend the conference. （it作形式主语）

4. 他给我们讲的这个故事多么有趣啊！

① 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he is telling us!（what引导的感叹句）

② 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he is telling us!（how引导的感叹句）

5. 树上的苹果太高了，我够不着。

①The apples on the tree are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. （too...to...句式）

②The apples on the tree are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 them. （so...that...句式）

能力提升练

V.课文语法填空

My name is Perce Blackborow and I have been dreaming of 1. 　　　　 expedition to the  South Pole with Sir Ernest Shackleton. One day，I  read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedi- tion in the newspaper，but when I 2. 　　　　（apply）to join it，I was turned down because I was too young and wasn’t qualified. I got aboard the ship without 3. 　　　　（permit） and hid in a small cupboard，but 4. 　　　　（discover）three days later. Shackleton assigned me to be a steward，and I cooked for twenty-eight men. How 5. 　　　　

（excite） I was.

　　The journey was 6. 　　　　（hard） than I expected. When we went near Antarctica，our  ship became

7. 　　　　（stick） in the ice and got crushed. Before abandoning the ship，we were only allowed to take some of our necessities and had to throw away the rest. We were camping on the ice，but with spring 8. 　　　　

（come），the ice would begin to melt.

We had been struggling for days，but the  conditions on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse. Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，9. 　　　　 was 1，320 kilometres away. There was no food on the island except a seal or a penguin we sometimes caught. I was in low spirits. However，with the genuine concern of Frank and Ernest，I was filled with hope and thought there was a chance we would return home，10.　　　　 all.

VI.阅读理解

A

　　Thanks to  its harsh environment，Antarctica remained largely untouched by humans for many millennia（千年），allowing a thriving ecosystem to evolve.  However，since the 1990s，the last true wilderness on the planet is becoming an increasingly popular destination for adventure-seeking tourists. Now， a new study declares that the visitors may be leaving behind harmful bacteria which could devastate all of the area’s native bird population.

　　Humans can infect animals with illnesses such as the flu. Researchers，however，believed that the Antarctic animals were immune to the danger due to the continent’s extreme weather. However，microbiologist Marta Cerda-Cuellar was not convinced. She and some colleagues decided to examine waste samples from Antarctic birds for evidence of human bacteria. To ensure the waste was not polluted，the scientists had to collect it from the birds themselves.

　　The results of their study revealed the presence of several types of human bacteria in the bird waste. This included a common strain（品种） of bacteria that causes food poisoning in humans. The researchers said the bacteria strains were resistant to commonly-used human antibiotics，indicating they were brought in by the visitors，rather than migratory birds.

　　“These strains，which are a common cause  for infections in humans and livestock，do not  usually cause death outbreaks in wild animals，” says Gonzalez Solis.“However，the emerging of invasive pathogens（病原体） that arrive to highly sensitive populations could have severe consequences and cause the local collapse and extinction of some populations.”The researcher also fears the presence of these bugs could foreshadow（预示） the arrival of other，more deadly，pathogens as the number of tourists  increases.

　　Experts believe the only way to prevent the mass destruction of the birds is to impose stricter regulations or，at least，put the ones already in  place into effect. For example，while the Antarctica Treaty requires visitors to carry their waste back home to safeguard the pristine（原始纯净的） environment，the regulation is rarely enforced. Fortunately，nowadays some officials are taking steps to save the vulnerable（容易受伤的） birds before it’s too late.

1. What problem is Antarctica facing according to Paragraphs 1 & 2?

A. The increasing number of birds.  B. The worsening wilderness.

C. The replaced native bird species.  D. The spread of infectious illnesses.

2. What does the underlined word“devastate” mean?

A. Reject.  B. Protect.  C. Destroy.   D. Benefit.

3. What do we know about the waste samples from Antarctic birds the scientists collected?

A. There were several types of human bacteria in them.

B. Migratory birds brought these strains of bacteria in.

C. The strains usually cause death outbreaks in wild animals.

D. The invasive pathogens will become more deadly ones soon.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of bird population in Antarctica?

A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful.  C. Ambiguous.  D. Optimistic.

B

　　I was shocked at the news that Daisy-May Demetre，9，became the first child double amputee（截肢） to walk on the runway at New York Fashion Week in September on the top of the Eiffel Tower.

　　Daisy-May，of Birmingham，was born with fibular hemimelia（腓骨半肢畸形）. The condition is rare，occurring in 1 in 50，000 births. When she was 18 months old，Daisy-May’s parents chose to have both of the young girl’s legs amputated—the right above the knee and the left below the knee—in the hopes of giving her a better quality of life with prosthetics（假肢）. Later on，she used prosthetic legs to help her walk and move.

　　“We had the choice for her to live like that  or to go for the operation，”Alex，Daisy-May’s father，said.“We didn’t know at the time that Daisy-May would be as good as she is now. Instead of being discouraged by prosthetic legs， she is inspiring everyone by showing them who she is.”

　　She is，in many ways，just like any fifth-grader. In school，she prefers English over math，and loves gymnastics. She is a gymnast as well as a model. But it’s her moves on the runway that shed the most confidence.

　　She’s been modelling for 18 months and has  already dominated London Fashion Week，having  worked for several high street brands in the UK. She was even named Child of Courage in the Pride of Birmingham Awards for inspiring other children to dream big in the face of immense challenges.

　　In the opinion of Daisy-May’s father，modelling  doesn’t define Daisy-May. Rather，it’s a small part of who she is. She just does Daisy. It is the way she goes about life with a smile on her face. Whether it’s dancing，singing—she is a very special little girl.

5. What caused Daisy-May to miss her both legs while still a baby?

A. A rare birth illness.   B. An expected accident.

C. A Paris Fashion Show.  D. An unsuccessful operation.

6. What can we conclude from Paragraph 3?

A. Daisy-May was unwilling to go for an operation.

B. Daisy-May was disappointed by her missing legs.

C. Daisy-May’s father thinks Daisy-May is amazing.

D. Daisy-May’s father considers Daisy-May is modest.

7. Which action made Daisy-May show her most confidence?

A. Speaking English fluently.    B. Working out math problems.

C. Doing graceful（优雅的） gymnastics.  D. Walking on the runway as a model.

8. In her father’s opinion，what makes Daisy-May today?

A. Singing and dancing in a special way.

B. Taking on life with a smile on her face.

C. Pursuing her dream of becoming a global inspiration.

D. Being determined to be a world-famous model.

VII.完形填空

　  The loss of sight can be devastating（毁灭性的），particularly for dogs. While there are many tools to help 　1　 disabled people，most of our furry friends with limited sight aren’t as lucky.

　　This was especially a problem for a 14-year-old blind dog named Terfel，who had to stay in his dog bed most of the time to keep 　2　，which was not a（n）　3　 life for him to be healthy. 　4　，everything has changed in his life since he met an unlikely friend!

　　One day，Judy，Terfel’s owner，　5　 a homeless cat she named Pudditat. He was a 　6　 cat and not very nice to Judy’s other cats. But he did make one friend at his new home—Terfel. And their relationship was truly

　7　!

　　This friendship went far 　8　 just a few late-evening snuggles（依偎） in the shared bed.  Pudditat took on another 　9　 entirely in Terfel’s life—he offered his 　10　 as a seeing eye cat! What’s more，Pudditat didn’t 　11　 himself to helping Terfel avoid bumping into things. He also 　12　 his friend outdoors.

　　It’s 　13　 to think what their lives might have been like without one another! Without Pudditat，Terfel would have undoubtedly 　14　 indoors. And Pudditat would have likely lived a life of loneliness with no interest in his cat companions. 　15　，that wasn’t the case!

1. A. mentally  B. permanently C. seriously  D. visually

2. A. alive  B. warm  C. safe   D. strong

3. A. desiring  B. entire  C. simple   D. peaceful

4. A. Besides  B. Furthermore C. However  D. Therefore

5. A. gave away B. put away  C. adapted  D. adopted

6. A. lonely  B. fierce  C. friendly  D. brave

7. A. complex  B. strange  C. unique   D. common

8. A. beyond  B. into  C. against   D. over

9. A. aspect  B. appearance C. form   D. role

10. A. foods  B. greetings  C. skills   D. services

11. A. contribute B. limit  C. devote   D. oppose

12. A. guided  B. followed  C. allowed  D. trained

13. A. formal  B. normal  C. hard   D. natural

14. A. stayed up B. wasted away C. slowed down D. moved on

15. A. Similarly B. Hopefully  C. Surprisingly D. Thankfully

课时把关练

Part I  Reading and Thinking

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. wages　 2. bitter　 3. aboard　 4. envy　 5. blanket　 6. decent　7. genuine　 8. sank　

Ⅱ. 1. turned down 2. dream of 3. set off 4. turn back  5. stuck in 6. keep up 7. after all 

8. full of vigour

Ⅲ. 1. qualified　句意：在我看来，没有证据表明他是个合格的医生。所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。

2. endurance　句意：我在参赛之前做了一些混合性的包括力量和耐力的训练。根据前面的strength可知，此处应用名词，所以填endurance。

3. enthusiastic　句意：我一直是个热心的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。由语境可知，此处要填形容词形式。

4. assignment　句意：我永远不会忘记我在一家畅销英文报纸的办公室的第一项工作任务。所填词作宾语，所以用名词形式。

5. abandoned　句意：如果没有目标，你就会像大海上的弃船一样随波逐流。根据句意可知，此处表示“被遗弃的”，所以用abandoned。

6. belongings　句意：他让我少拿点儿财物，因为在我们的车里几乎没有空间了。所填词作宾语，所以用名词形式。根据fewer可知，该词要用复数形式。

7. perseverance　句意：凭着信心和毅力，古德尔终于战胜了一切困难。所填词作介词的宾语，所以用名词形式。

8. resolution　句意：他们决定周日去爬泰山。make a resolution意为“决定，下决心”。

Ⅳ. 1. ①It so happened that it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。

②to be raining 动词不定式的进行时。happen to be doing sth. 碰巧在做某事。

2. ①Without your help without是介词，意为“没有”。

②hadn’t helped，have made if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。

3. ①consider it it是形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语。

②It is considered it是形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式短语。

4. ①What an interesting story  感叹句的中心词是名词时，要用“what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”形式。

②How interesting a story 感叹句的中心词是形容词时，要用“how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”形式。

5. ① too high to reach too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。

②so high that I can’t reach so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

V.【语篇解读】本文主要记叙了作者在去南极探险的路上遇险并顽强活下去的经历。

1. an　expedition是读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词，此处是泛指，所以填an。

2. applied　讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。

3. permission　without是介词，后接名词作宾语。

4. was discovered I和discover之间构成被动关系，又因为全篇都在讲述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

5. excited　此处表示作者的心理感受，所以用excited。

6. harder　根据than可知，此处要用比较级。

7. stuck　become stuck in...被困在……

8. coming　此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，spring和come之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。

9. which　先行词是事物，关系词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以用which。

10. after　after all是固定短语，意为“毕竟，终归”。

VI. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述由于南极洲的寒冷，人类几千年来没有踏足。然而，自20世纪90年代以来，地球上最后一片真正的荒野正日益成为探险游客的热门目的地。一项新的研究发现游客们可能留下有害细菌，影响鸟类的生存。科学家对此做了研究，建议限制人类旅游的数量。

1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now，a new study declares that the visitors may be leaving behind harmful bacteria which could devastate all of the area’s native bird population.”以及第二段第一句“Humans can infect animals with illnesses such as the flu.”可知，南极洲面临传染病传播的问题。

2. C　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中the visitors may be leaving behind harmful bacteria（参观者可能留下了有害的细菌）和划线词后面的all of the area’s native bird population（所有当地鸟类的数量）及常识推知，细菌会“摧毁”鸟类种群。

3. A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The results of their study  revealed the presence of several types of human bacteria in the bird waste.”可知，科学家收集的南极鸟类的粪便样本中有几种人类细菌。

4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Fortunately，nowadays some officials are taking steps to save the vulnerable birds before it’s too late.”可知，现在一些官员正在采取措施挽救脆弱的鸟类，由此可知，作者对南极洲鸟类种群的前景持乐观态度。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是黛西·梅患了先天性罕见疾病，导致她失去了双腿，但她成为第一个在纽约时装周埃菲尔铁塔顶端走秀的双腿截肢儿童，这一消息让人震惊。带着微笑面对生活让黛西有了今天的快乐。

5. A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，黛西·梅患了先天性罕见疾病，导致她失去了双腿。

6. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We didn’t know at the time that Daisy-May would be as good as she is now.”和she is inspiring everyone by showing them who she is可知，黛西·梅的父亲认为她很了不起。

7. D　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，作为模特走在T台上让黛西·梅展示了她最自信的一面。

8. B　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容，特别是“She just does Daisy. It is the way she goes about life with a smile on her face.”可知，在她父亲看来，带着微笑面对生活让黛西有了今天的快乐。

VII. 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一只眼睛看不见的狗和一只孤独猫成为朋友，彼此互相帮助，相互依靠的故事。

1. D　根据句子连词while可知前后有对比关系，把视力有障碍的人与our furry friends with limited sight（视力有障碍的狗）进行比较。故选D项。

2. C　根据上文可知Terfel是a 14-year-old blind dog，所以待在它自己的窝里才能保证安全（safe）。

3. A　根据常识可知，它只能待在自己的狗窝里，无法四处活动，这肯定不是它想要的（desiring）生活。

4. C　根据下文everything has changed可知前后句之间是转折关系。

5. D　根据下文a homeless cat she named Pudditat可知，Terfel的主人收养（adopt）了一只流浪猫，还给它取了名字。

6. B　根据下文not very nice to Judy’s other cats可知，这只猫并不友善，比较凶猛（fierce）。

7. C　根据下文“This friendship went far...just a few late-evening snuggles in the shared bed.”和“...he offered his...as a seeing eye cat!”可知它们之间的关系很特别（unique），不是一般宠物与宠物之间的关系。

8. A　根据下文“Pudditat took on another...entirely in Terfel’s life—he offered his...as a seeing eye cat!”可知，Pudditat还充当了Terfel的眼睛，所以它们的关系远不止（beyond）挤在一起睡觉。

9. D　根据another和下文“...he offered his...as a seeing eye cat!”可知，除了做一起吃住的朋友之外，Pudditat还有另一个身份或角色（role）——导盲猫。

10. D　结合语境和a seeing eye cat可知，Pudditat为Terfel提供导盲帮助，这属于一种服务（service）。

11. B　根据下文“He also...his friend outdoors.”可知，Pudditat还会把Terfel带到外面，它提供的帮助不限于（limit）让Terfel避开东西。

12. A　结合常识，并根据Terfel是一只视力有问题的狗这一事实和outdoors一词可知，Terfel到户外需要引导（guide）。

13. C　根据下文的假设“Without Pudditat，Terfel would have undoubtedly...indoors.”和Pudditat would have likely lived a life of loneliness可知，如果Pudditat和Terfel没有彼此，生活会是什么样子让人很难（hard）想象。

14. B　根据第二段中a 14-year-old blind dog named Terfel，who had to stay in his dog bed most of the time to keep...可知，如果没有Pudditat的帮助，眼睛看不见的Terfel只能待在自己的窝里慢慢衰老（waste away）。

15. D　根据前文可知前面的假设“Without Pudditat，Terfel... And Pudditat would have likely lived a life of loneliness with no interest in his cat companions.”并不是事实，所以对Pudditat 和Terfel而言，这是幸运的事情（thankfully）。