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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction获奖课件ppt
展开Review useful structures
the passive vice
动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。
主动语态和被动语态
被动语态表示是动作的承受者
什么时候常用被动语态?
不知道动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者强调动作的承受者
下面几种情况一般用被动语态:
(1)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。The meeting has been put ff. 会议已被推迟了。
(2)强调动作的承受者时。This sculpture was carved by him.这个雕塑是他雕刻的。
(3)出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。Everyne is expected t bey the fllwing rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。
was ging t be tested ut;t be harmed;was being lked after;was being ffered;was nt allwed;was being treated badly;t be discvered by her;was being cmpletely transfrmed
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive vice.Then discuss with a partner why the passive vice is used.
The passive vice is used t fcus n the persn r bject that experiences an actin rather than the persn r bject that perfrms the actin. It is used when we dn’t knw the perfrmer, r the perfrmer is unimprtant(and therefre mitted),r the perfrmer is t be highlighted(and therefre placed tward the end).
1 What is dne cannt .(und)2 Janet chairwman f the student unin last mnth.(elect) 3 Tw hundred grammes f flur shuld t the cake mix.(add) 4 A 3,000-seat venue fr the circus perfrmance in Nvember.(build) 5 Wrking efficiency since this new sftware was adpted.(imprve)
Cmplete the sentences with apprpriate frms f the verbs in brackets. Then try t translate these sentences int Chinese.
was elected
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
was built /will be built
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/ 将在十一月建成。
has been imprved
自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
Only ne piece f carry-n luggage fr each ecnmy class passenger. (allw) It is a great hnur fr me t t address this internatinal AI cnference. (invite) When I entered the rm,I fund that the salesman’s salary at the meeting.(discuss) 9 With exams being adapted int Braille, a blind senir high schl student scred 630 pints ut f 650 in the Cllege Entrance Examinatin. He is expected t t a tp university.(admit)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
我很荣幸能被邀请在本届国际人工智能大会上发言。
was being discussed
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
be admitted
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630 分(总分650)。他有望被一所名校录取。
Science fictin__________________ by many peple as a mirrr thrugh which ur future can be freely imagined and __________________ . The Three-Bdy Prblem, __________________by Chinese writer Liu Cixin,is ne f thse astnishing predictins abut the future. The wrk was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-vlume bk in 2008. When the first vlume __________________ int English by Chinese-American authr Ken Liu,it attracted attentin arund the wrld,becming the first Asian winner f the Hug Award fr Best Nvel. The bk __________________ many themes such as space explratin,alien cntact,AI,and the future f humans. The Three-Bdy Prblem begins with the stries f tw unrelated peple,Ye Wenjie and Wang Mia. Ye __________________ t jin a secret prject in a remte area f China,which __________________ t cntact alien life frms. In the ther stry,set 20 years later,Wang Mia __________________ in a ppular nline game called“Three Bdy”,in which peple live n an unknwn planet with three suns. But Wang discvers it is mre than a game—it uncvers a great danger threatening human existence. Hw are these tw peple’s stries __________________ ? And hw will their behaviur change Earth’s future and the civilisatins f ther planets? Answers t all these questins are waiting t __________________ when yu g n reading.
Read the intrductin t a science fictin nvel and cmplete the passage using the crrect frms f the wrds in the bx.
explre translate discver regard represent set up recruit write get caught up cnnect
is regarded
was translated
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
be discvered
Make sentences with the wrds in brackets. Pay attentin t the vices f the verbs.EXAMPLEI can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)→ It must have been stlen.1 I didn’t g t the party last night. (invite)→ I_________________________________________________________ .2 Li Fei’s parents sent him t stay with his grandparents because they had t wrk in a big city far away. (bring up, grandparents)→ Li Fei________________________________________________________ .3 That guy has been walking behind us fr a while. (we, fllw) →I think________________________________________________________ .1
(WORKBOOK P62 EX. 1)
must nt have been invited.
was brught up by his grandparents because his parents had t wrk in a big city far away.
we are being fllwed by that guy fr a while.
Make sentences with the wrds in brackets. Pay attentin t the vices f the verbs.EXAMPLEI can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)→ It must have been stlen.4 My mther always tells me what I shuld d.(dn’t like, tell) →I ________________________________________________________ .5 We can’t wrk in the ffice next mnth.(redecrate) →Our ffice________________________________________________________ .
dn’t like being tld what t d by my mther.
will be redecrated next mnth s we can’t wrk.
prhibit expect set t make sure fasten make stw switch ff
Cmplete the annuncements with the crrect frms f the verbs in the bx. Then read them alud.
Ladies and gentlemen, welcme nbard Flight SP432 frm Beijing t Hng Kng. We are currently third in line fr take-ff and _________________ t be in the air in abut ten minutes. At this time, yur prtable electrnic devices must _________________ “flight mde” r _________________ until an annuncement _________________ upn arrival. Smking _________________ thrughut the flight. Thank yu fr yur cperatin. Enjy yur flight!Ladies and gentlemen, as we start ur descent, please _________________ yur seats and tray tables are in their full upright psitin. Make sure yur seat belts _________________(securely) and all carry-n luggage _________________ underneath the seats in frnt f yu r in the verhead bins. Thank yu!
switched ff
is prhibited
are fastened
(WORKBOOK P62 EX. 2)
Dune is a science fictin nvel by Frank Herbert.It wn the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hug Award in 1966. It ______________________ ( 通常被认为是 ) ne f the best sci-fi nvels ever. As the nvel pens, each planet ___________________ ( 正受统治 ) by a Great Huse. An emperr has cntrl f a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” ___________________ ( 可被开采 ). This “spice” _______________________ ( 想要得到 ) by every planet because it gives peple amazing abilities. As the emperr fears that he ___________________ ( 会被挑战 ) by Let, the ruler f the Atreides Huse, he plts a war between Atreides and anther huse.In the end, Paul, Let’s sn, defeats all enemies with the help f a planet called Fremen.It ___________________ ( 被认为 ) that Dune reflects ur wn wrld. Like the Huses fighting fr “spice”, humans als fight fr energy and resurces. Cnflicts and prblems f this kind must ___________________ ( 得到解决 ) if we are t have a prsperus and harmnius civilisatin.
(WORKBOOK P62 EX.3)
Cmplete the fllwing passage using the Chinese prmpts in brackets t help yu.
is usually cnsidered as
is being ruled
can be mined
has been wanted/ cveted
will be challenged
EXAMPLEMany animals and plants are endangered due t lss f habitat. T slve the prblem, sme measures must be taken t prtect them. Cutting dwn trees withut permissin shuld nt be allwed. Frests shuld be well lked after …Air pllutin is a big prblem,due t cal pwer plants and car emissins. T slve this prblem,the building f cal pwer plants shuld be severely limited and thse that already exist shuld be equipped with devices which clean the smke they prduce. Cars shuld als have very high emissins standards and shuld be kept frm being driven in large cities when the pllutin is bad. A lack f green spaces in large cities is a prblem due t verbuilding and veruse f cncrete. T slve this prblem,new cnstructin shuld be limited,and when a cmpany wants t build a new building it shuld be frced t include sme green spaces in their designs. When rads are cnstructed r repaired,a grass strip shuld be included in the design, and trees shuld be planted n either side f the rad. Finally,a survey culd be made f unused prperty in the city,and sme f this prperty culd be purchased and made int public parks.
(WORKBOOK P62 EX.4)
List sme envirnmental prblems and their causes. Then write dwn slutins t each prblem.
单元语法 复习被动语态1 被动语态的用法语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。下面几种情况一般用被动语态: (1)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。The meeting has been put ff. 会议已被推迟了。(2)强调动作的承受者时。This sculpture was carved by him. 这个雕塑是他雕刻的。[词汇复现] (3)出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。Everyne is expected t bey the fllwing rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。
完成句子①领导给了我一次机会。I a chance by my leader. ②我的建议被拒绝了。My suggestin . ③希望所有的人都按时参加会议。Everyne attend the meeting n time.
was turned dwn
is expected t
2 各种时态的被动语态Yu are invited t make a speech in ur schl. 邀请您去我们学校作一个演讲。The carpet was brken by Leech. 毯子被利奇弄破了。[词汇复现] The meeting will be held at 8:00 a.m. tmrrw. 会议将于明天上午8 点举行。The plan is being carried ut successfully. 这项计划正在被顺利地实施。Her car was being washed at that time. 那时她的汽车正在被清洗。
All the wrk has been finished by nw. 到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。The crew had been warned many times befre they carried ut the plan. 在执行这项计划之前,全体工作人员已经被提醒过多次了。[词汇复现] The wrk will have been finished by the end f next mnth. 到下个月末,这项工作将已经被完成。
单句语法填空①The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts (reward) with success in the end. ②After schl we went t the reading rm t d sme reading,nly t be tld that it __________________(decrate). ③—Have yu heard abut that fire in the market? —Yes,frtunately n ne (hurt). ④It is the first time that he (bite) by a dg. ⑤The temperature will fall sharply the day after tmrrw,when a snwstrm (expect) t strike ur area. ⑥When they gt hme,they fund that their huse (break) int and a lt f valuable things had been stlen. ⑦— Hi,Li Ping,can I use yur cmputer fr a while this afternn? —Srry. It (repair).
will be rewarded
was being decrated
has been bitten
is expected
had been brken
is being repaired
3 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题(1)否定词nt的位置:在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。He was extremely disappinted t hear that he wuld nt be given a dctr’s degree. 听到自己不会获得博士学位,他沮丧到了极点。(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时,应将宾语变成被动句的主语,而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。His wrds made me thrw up. → I was made t thrw up by his wrds. 他的话令我作呕。【学法点拨】在主动语态中,make,hear,see 等词后接不定式时要省略t,但转换为被动语态时,则不能省略t。
(3)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时,可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语,用fr 或t 引出表示人的(间接)宾语,或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。My father is telling me an interesting stry nw. → An interesting stry is being tld t me by my father nw. → I’m being tld an interesting stry by my father nw. 现在爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。(4)短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的,在被动结构中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The ld man was ften laughed at. 那位老人经常被嘲笑。
将下列各句改为被动语态①We saw a stranger enter the building just nw. →___________________________________________________②My uncle gave me a present the ther day. →___________________________________________________③The bad weather made me decide t stay here fr anther day. →_________________________________________________________________
A stranger was seen t enter the building by us just nw.
A present was given t me the ther day by my uncle.
I was made t decide t stay here fr anther day by the bad weather.
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