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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品ppt课件，文件包含习作我的家人范文+点评+升格pptx、习作我的家人pptx、习作我的家人doc等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共85页， 欢迎下载使用。
Review useful structures
·T cmplete the great map f the wrld was a strng passin...（S） · Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east.（OC） · Here，merchants frm China and many ther places met t negtiate trade deals...（Ad） · T reach ut acrss the sea remains a strng desire tday.（S） · The aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade...（P） · Trading has grwn will cntinue t d s in years t cme. （O；Attr） · will help t greatly develp the whle area fr the benefit f future trade and cultural exchange.（O） · are still many ther places left t explre.（Attr） · has jined ther natins n several expeditins t explre the Arctic.（Attr） · is an urgent need t study the Arctic in rder t understand climate change and its effects.（Attr；Ad） · need t trade and the desire t enhance relatinships will drive China t reach ut acrss the sea far int the future.（Attr；Attr；OC）
Find all the sentences cntaining infinitives in the reading passage. Thenmark their functins.
1 As the subject（S） 2 As the predicative（P） 3 As the bject（O）4 As the bject cmplement（OC） 5 As the attributive（Attr） 6 As the adverbial（Ad）
EXAMPLE It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer →It is fun t visit an aquarium in summer.（S）
Jin the wrds t make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the functin f each infinitive.
1 He/encuraged me/participate in the surfing cmpetitin → 2 The strm/seems/be getting clser → 3 Magellan/was the first persn/sail arund the wrld → 4 The UN peacekeeping frce/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts →
He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin.（OC）
The strm seems t be getting clser.（P）
Magellan was the first persn t sail arund the wrld.（Attr）
The UN peacekeeping frce aims t maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts.（O）
5 The crwd/std/applaud /scientists/fr their imprtant cean research wrk → 6 It is a gd idea/tax /plastic bttles/s that peple use them less → 7 The Jialng manned submersible /is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater → 8 It remains/be seen/whether r nt his capsule can wrk →
The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.（Ad）
It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less.（S）
The Jialng manned submersible is said t be able t reach 7 km underwater. （O；O）
It remains t be seen whether r nt his capsule can wrk.（P）
Far ut in the cean，where the water is as clear as glass，lives the Sea King. The cean is t deep （measure）. We may imagine there is nthing except yellw sand under the sea，but actually it is nt rare （see）the mst unique flwers and plants （dance）in the fast-mving water. In the deepest spt f all stands the Sea King’s castle，which has walls f cral and a rf （frm）f beautiful shells. The mther f the king，a wise wman wh is prud （be）brn int the ryal family，takes care f his six daughters. Amng the six sea-princesses， the yungest is the prettiest. Althugh she has delicate skin like a rse-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea，she has n feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The mst cmmn way fr the princesses （play）all day lng is （swim） in the halls f the castle r amng the flwers grwing ut f the walls，feeding and tuching the fish （ swim）up t their hands thrugh the windws. They seem （nt wrry） abut anything，except fr the yungest，wh...
Read the beginning f The Little Mermaid and use the prper frms f the verbs in brackets t fill in the blanks. What d yu think happens next?
t measure
t have been
swimming/t swim
wh wants t see what life is like n land. She swims all the way t the surface and sees a large ship. It travels tward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims belw the surface f the water and just manages t swim away frm the big ship. She nw realises that it is a scary wrld utside f the cean，and she decides t stay with her family and friends under the sea.
They seem nt t wrry abut anything，except fr the yungest，wh...
Cmplete the dialgues with the crrect frms f the wrds in brackets.1 A: Will yur parents be back frm their hliday tmrrw? B: N, they decided ___________ (extend) their trip.2 A: Have yu gt the test result n the new medicine? B: Yes, it has prved ___________ (be) smewhat effective, but further testing remains ___________ (d).3 A: Ww! I didn’t expect Pete ________ (be) such a gd swimmer! B: _______________(spend) the past summer practising almst every day, he is nw able ___________ (swim) much faster than befre.4 A: What happened? Yu were suppsed _________________________ (be) in Beijing by nw! B: I verslept and rushed t the airprt, nly ___________ (find) that the check-in cunter had clsed.5 A: Which seasn d yu like mst? B: Winter. Because the city lks very beautiful when ___________ (cver) with snw.6 A: Wh is cnsidered ___________ (be) the father f the cmputer: Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, Jhn Vincent Atanasff, r Jhn vn Neumann? B: Well, they are all believed _______________ (make) imprtant cntributins t cmputer science.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX. 1)
Having spent
t have been（t be）
t have made
1 T be r nt t be, that is the questin.2 It is better t give than t take.3 Yu’re never t ld t learn.4 T knw everything is t knw nthing.5 T save time is t lengthen life.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX.2)
Tell the functin f the infinitive in each sentence. Then translate them int Chinese.
1 T be r nt t be，that is the questin.（S）生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。2 It is better t give than t take.（Ad；Ad）施比受有福。3 Yu’re never t ld t learn.（Ad）活到老学到老。4 T knw everything is t knw nthing.（S；P）什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5 T save time is t lengthen life.（S；P）节约时间就是延长生命。
Named after a mythical dragn, Jialng is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. Itwas develped by Chinese designers _________ (start) frm 2002 and entered service in 2010,_________ (make) China the fifth cuntry in the wrld with deep-sea explratin technlgy.In 2017, during a 138-day expeditin that _________(start) in February, the submersible’s mther ship, Xiangyanghng 09 sailed nearly 34,000 km int the Suth China Sea, the nrthwestern Indian Ocean, and the nrthwestern Pacific Ocean. Jialng cnducted 30 dives _________ (make) scientific investigatins and ___________(cllect) samples. The submersible made five dives in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, bth in the western Pacific Ocean. These peratins have enabled scientists _____________________ (better understand) gegraphical and bilgical cnditins deep under the ceans.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX.3)
Cmplete the news reprt belw with the apprpriate frms f theverbs in brackets. What else d yu knw abut Jialng ?
t better understand
Right nw, Jialng is underging maintenance befre _________ (start) its next adventure.In 2020, Jialng will begin its first glbal deep-sea scientific explratin missin. It will have anew mther ship, which is _________ (name) Deep Sea N. 1 . This grand missin is intended______________ (strengthen) China’s capacity in _________ (survey) deep-sea envirnments and will increase the natin’s influence in this field.
t strengthen
It is named after a Chinese water dragn. It was designed by a frmer prfessr at Shanghai Jia Tng University，and it has the secnd-greatest depth range f any manned research vehicles in 2012.
1 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式的时态共有四种：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。不定式的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。具体形式如下表所示（以 d 为例）：
（1）一般式（t d/t be dne） 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生；t be dne 表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。I saw him g ut with the spnsr. 我看见他和赞助者出去了。（see 后跟不带t 的不定式作宾补）［词汇复现］ It’s a privilege t be invited t play glf with yu. 受邀与您一起打高 尔夫球是一种荣幸。（省略的逻辑主语me 与不定式是被动关系， 在t be invited 之前可以加上fr me）［词汇复现］ （2）进行式（t be ding） 动词不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。They are said t be visiting a grand huse. 据说他们正在参观一座大房子。［词汇复现］
（3）完成式（t have dne/t have been dne） 动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t have been dne 同时还表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。I’m very srry t have kept yu frm getting the bnus. 很抱歉让您无法获得奖金。（keep 发生在 be srry 之前）［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 “ planned/hped/expected/meant/thught/intended/prmised/wanted/ wished/desired t have dne”表示未曾实现的愿望或计划。I meant t have read the science fictin last week. 我本打算上周读完这本科幻小说。［词汇复现］ （4）完成进行式（t have been ding） 动词不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。The chairwman is said t have been living in Lndn fr twenty years. 据说这位女董事长在伦敦已经住了 20 年。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）My father has decided （give）up smking，which makes us greatly surprised. （2）［词汇复现］I have n time t visit the mnument， fr a lt f wrk remains （d）. （3）When I came in，sme babies were asleep. T my amusement，little Jhn pretended _________________（read） with his eyes half-clsed. （4）When I tld him the gd news，he pretended （hear） f it，nt lking excited. （5）The man yu want t see isn’t here，as he seems （fire）. Yu can figure it ut by asking the bss. （6）The nvelist intended （adapt） the bk fr a TV play，but he didn’t make it. （7）He is said （live） with his uncle since his parents left him t wrk in a faraway city.
t be reading
t have heard
t have been fired
t have adapted
t have been living
完成句子（8）He said that he saw her （进入房间） just nw. （9）I am glad （带妹妹去……） the cuntry. （10）He wuld like his sn （被派去工作） in a big cmpany. （11）They seem （在谈论我），fr they stpped at the sight f me. （12）［词汇复现］All f us cnsidered him （偷了钱），but it turned ut t be anther persn. （13）The by’s parents are said （遇害） in a serius accident.
enter the rm
t take my sister t
t be sent t wrk
t be talking abut me
t have stlen the mney
t have been killed
2 动词不定式的分类（1）带 t 的动词不定式：一般情况下，不定式要带t。They are nt building a state t cntinue the cnflict with Israel，but t end it. 他们不是在建立一个国家来继续同以色列冲突，而是要结束这场冲突。［词汇复现］ （2）省略t 的动词不定式①使役动词和感官动词后作宾补的不定式：这类动词有 make， have，let，feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，bserve，ntice 等。但用于被动语态时，不定式要带t。She makes her husband fetch the kids frm schl every day. → Her husband is made t fetch the kids frm schl every day. 她让丈夫每天从学校接孩子。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 巧记后接不带t 的不定式作宾补的动词一感：feel 二听：hear，listen t 三让：make，have，let 五看：see，lk at，watch，bserve，ntice 半帮助：help（t 可带可不带）
（2）wuld rather d... 宁愿……也不愿…… I wuld rather g t wrk in the supermarket than take ver my father’s cmpany. 我宁愿去超市工作也不愿接管我父亲的公司。［词汇复现］ （3）Why 为什么做某事呢？（表示不满或委婉的批评） Why nt 为什么不做某事呢？（表示建议） Why break the appintment n purpse? 为什么故意不赴约？［词汇复现］ Why nt suspend the new system?为什么不暂缓新制度？［词汇复现］ （4）cannt but/cannt chse but/cannt help but d... 只好，不得不I cannt chse but adpt my niece’s advice at present. 眼下我别无选择只得采纳我侄女的建议。［词汇复现］ （5）介词 but，except 后的动词不定式：如果这些介词之前有行为动词d 或d 的某种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式省略t，否则要带t。The premier culd d nthing but appint a cmmittee t cnsider the plans. 总理除了安排一个委员会去考虑这些计划外别无选择。［词汇复现］ I have n chice but t take up a temprary jb. 我别无选择，只能从事一份临时工作。［词汇复现］
（6）并列不定式：当多个动词不定式具有同样的功能时，t 只用在第一个不定式之前，以避免重复。The by decided t stay in the bakery and wrk hard as befre. 这个男孩决定留在面包店里，像以前一样努力工作。［词汇复现］ （7）had better（nt）d sth. 最好（别）做某事I think yu had better stp shuting such slgans. 我认为你们最好别喊这样的口号。［词汇复现］ （8）主语部分有d 时，作表语的动词不定式可以省略t，也可不省略。All yu need t d is （t）test ut the system. 您需要做的就是测试这个系统。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】 动词不定式中动词的省略： 在 expect，hpe，wish，mean，prefer，frget，want，try 以及be afraid， be glad，be happy，wuld like，wuld lve 等后面，为避免重复，动词不定式常常省略，只保留不定式符号t，t have 或 t have been （be 不省略）。I haven’t cnducted an interview，but I wish t（cnduct an interview）. 我没主持过面试，但我希望（去主持）。—Did yu g t the party? 你去参加聚会了吗？ —N，I’d like t have（gne t the party），but I was busy. 没，我想去，但我那时太忙了。—Did the teacher praise yu? 老师表扬你了吗？ —N，but I’d like t have been（praised）. 没有，但我想（被表扬）。
单句语法填空（1）Dn’t frget （give） yur students a little encuragement at any time. （2）The plice bserved a man （g） int the bank ten minutes ag. （3）A man was bserved （g） int the bank ten minutes ag. （4）I wuld rather becme a salesman wrk in that factry. （5）Why nt （turn） ff the light when yu sleep，since yu can’t fall asleep when the light is n? （6）I can’t help wnder if these cnsumers will buy mst f the gds being advertised. （7）We culdn’t d anything but （watch） him being put in prisn.
（8）We had n chice but （watch） him being put in prisn. （9）［词汇复现］What the gvernment has t d is （declare） a state f emergency. （10）There will be n prblems as lng as yu d as the teacher tells yu . （11）My sister likes t be at hme while I wuld nt like t . （12）I frgt t clse the windw but I really hped t ，as the rain destryed ne f my favrite bks. （13）Lily was upset that she wasn’t invited t the party. Meanwhile，I was glad t have .
（t）declare
完成句子（14）［词汇复现］He refused （买词典）with a leather cver. （15）When I （注意到他们进来），I std up immediately and gave them a warm welcme. （16）I （宁愿解决） my prblems alne than ask him fr help. （17）I （只好） agree t his decisin. （18）The bss had n chice but （解雇他）. （19）［词汇复现］I wuld nt like （接管） the cmpany and ____________ （失去自由）. （20）［词汇复现］Yu had better （不要传播谣言）.
t buy a dictinary
nticed them cme in
wuld rather slve
cannt （chse/help） but
t dismiss/fire him
lse freedm
nt spread the rumur
3 动词不定式的句法功能（1）作主语（常用it 作形式主语） T make fun f the disabled is nt right. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的。 It is ridiculus t imagine that the recvery will be quick and easy. 认为会迅速轻易地恢复的想法是荒谬的。［词汇复现］ （2）作宾语①常接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/ hpe，refuse，manage，wish，pretend，ffer，prmise，chse，plan， agree，ask，help 等。The strng man managed t pull ut the tree trunk. 那个壮汉把树干拔了出来。［词汇复现］ ②复合结构中常用it 作形式宾语，不定式（短语）放在宾语补足语之后。常接这样复合结构的动词有6 个：make，feel，find， cnsider，believe，think。The dg fund it difficult t jump ver the fence. 这条狗发现很难跳过这道篱笆。［词汇复现］
③不定式作宾语与动名词作宾语的区别regret t d sth. 遗憾要去做某事 regret ding sth. 后悔做了某事frget t d sth. 忘记去做某事 frget ding sth. 忘记已做过某事remember t d sth. 记得要做某事 remember ding sth. 记得做过某事I regret t say that yu failed t btain a driving license. Yu must be regretting nt training mre. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有获得驾驶执照。你一定后悔没有多训练。
mean t d sth. 打算做某事 mean ding sth. 意味着做某事can’t help （t）d sth. 不能帮着做某事 can’t help ding sth. 禁不住做某事try t d sth. 努力/ 企图做某事try ding sth. 试着做某事
（3）作宾语补足语和主语补足语He asked me t help him learn bilgy. （宾语补足语） → I was asked t help him learn bilgy. （主语补足语） 他请我帮助他学习生物。［词汇复现］ believe/cnsider sb. t have dne sth. （宾补）认为某人做了某事be believed/cnsidered t have dne sth. （主补）被认为做了某事be said/reprted t have dne sth. （主补）据说/ 据报道做了某事
（4）作定语 ①如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或被修饰词是不定式动作发生的地点或借助的工具时，不定式后面要有相应的介词；如果不定式所修饰的名词是 time，place 或way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。Jack is a pleasant fellw t wrk with. 杰克是个很好共事的人。 He had n mney and n place t live（ in） . 他没有钱，也没有地方住。
②被修饰词前有the first/secnd/last/very/nly 时常用不定式作定语。She is always the first persn t cme and the last t leave. 她总是第一个来而最后一个走。 ③下列名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容：decisin， chance，plan，ability，right（权利），way 等。 I’m sure f his ability t cpe with this. 我肯定他有能力应对此事。 ④t be dne 作定语多表将来的被动动作（将要被） The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance. 明天开的会很重要。
（5）作状语（表示目的、结果、原因等） She resigned her psitin t lk after her children. 为了照顾孩子，她辞去了工作。（表目的） T enjy a mre spectacular sight，yu must climb t a greater height. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。（表目的） The candidate reached the cmpany，nly t find the interview ver. 那个申请人到达了公司，结果发现面试已经结束了。（表出乎意料的结果） We were in high spirits t hear the wrds f ur teacher’s encurage-ment. 听到老师鼓励的话，我们情绪高涨。（表原因） 【学法点拨】 （1）不定式t d 表目的，可以放在句子中间，可以用in rder t 和s as t 代替表示强调；也可放在句首，此时只可以用in rder t 代替表强调。 （2）不定式作结果状语常与nly 连用，表示出乎意料的结果；现在分词作结果状语，表示句子内容导致的自然而然的结果。The glass fell t the grund，breaking int pieces. 玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成碎片。
（6）作表语My jb is t make leather bts. 我的工作是制作皮靴。（说明主语的内容） ［词汇复现］ The new rbt is t be tested ut next week. 新机器人将于下周进行测试。（不定式表将来） （7）作独立成分（作句子状语） t tell the truth 说实话 t be exact 确切地说t cnclude 总而言之 t be frank 坦白地说t be brief 简言之 t begin/start with 首先t make things wrse 更糟糕的是T tell yu the truth，yur claim is quite absurd. 说实话，你的要求很荒谬。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】 疑问词+ 不定式“wh/which/when/where/hw/what + t d”在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。Hw t aruse the students’ interest in labur is very imprtant. 如何激发学生的劳动兴趣很重要。（作主语）［词汇复现］ I knw where t find the yung man wh behaves with integrity. 我知道到哪里去找那个行为正直的年轻人。（作宾语）［词汇复现］ The questin is when t raise the salary. 问题是什么时候涨工资。（作表语）［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［2020 • 新高考全国Ⅰ 卷］The bjective f mst speeches is （benefit）the audience. （2）［2020 • 天津卷］Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire （explre）. （3）［2020 • 全国Ⅲ 卷］Our tur als includes a chance （walk）in the ftsteps f Van Ggh and Gauguin. （4）［2020 • 全国Ⅰ卷］Nthing is t small （celebrate）. （5）［2020 • 全国Ⅰ 卷］China has becme the first cuntry （land） a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. （6）T climb the muntain is hard wrk but is great fun t g dwn the muntain. （7） （make） up fr lst time is impssible，s it is necessary t treasure every secnd in yur life. （8）I’m very happy that my father has prmised （g） diving when the summer hliday vacatin cmes. （9）He made a rule t read English alud every mrning.
t benefit
句意：大多数演讲的目的都是使听众受益。
句意：伟大来自持久的探索欲望。
句意：我们的旅行还包括一次跟随凡·高和高更脚步的机会。
t celebrate
句意：没有什么小事不值得庆祝。
句意：中国已成为首个将宇宙飞船着陆在月球远侧的国家。
（10）I had meant （g） t Lndn. Missing this flight means （wait） anther tw hurs. （11）The teacher encurages us （study） hard every day with encuraging wrds. （12）He was the nly persn （knw） the truth，but t ur sadness，he was killed in the cnflict with a rude thief. （13）If yu think the decisin was imprper，yu have the right （appeal） t a higher curt. （14）The system has the ability （run） mre than ne prgram at the same time. （15）The building （build） next year will be used as a drmitry building fr students. （16）She gave him sme mney （let） him leave at nce. （17）We hurried t the statin，nly （tell） that the train had left. （18）His ambitin is （set） up schls fr children f pr families.
t be built
（19）After graduatin，my elder brther chse （出国） fr further study. （20）Every student in the class cnsider it his r her wn respnsibility ___________________________（保持教室清洁）. （21）Seeing my tired mther，I （禁不住感到）sad. Meanwhile，I （不能帮着做） the husewrk. （22）Visitrs （不允许） take phtgraphs. （23）The ban is reprted （被抢劫） f a large amunt f cash. （24）Please give me a knife （用来切东西）. （25）Everybdy thinks Lily is the last persn （考试作弊）.
t keep the classrm clean
culdn’t help feeling
culdn’t help（t）d
are nt permitted/allwed t
t have been rbbed
t cut with
t cheat in the exam
（26）He made every effrt t get the chance （提升） and finally achieved his dream. （27）The questin （将在会上讨论的） tmrrw is very imprtant. （28） （为了让）him leave at nce，she gave him sme mney. （29）He said quietly that he came here （为了跟我道别）. （30） （坦白地说），I really wrried abut this. （31） （简言之），they must understand the imprtance f teaching and spend mre time with their children. （32）［ 词汇复现］What is the mst imprtant is （怎样阻止） the rumur frm spreading.
t be prmted
t be discussed at the meeting
T let/ In rder t let
t/in rder t/s as t say gdbye t me
T be frank
T be brief
hw t stp/ keep/prevent
4 动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义（1）不定式作定语，与被修饰词是被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语，是主动关系。今天我们有很多工作要做。We have a lt f wrk t d tday. （强调“做”是否由主语we完成） We have a lt f wrk t be dne tday. （不强调“做”是否由主语 we 完成） （2） be + 性质形容词+t d 动词+ 宾语+ 性质形容词+ t d The water is nt suitable t drink. 这水不适合喝。 The teacher made the questin easy t answer. 老师使这个问题容易回答。
（3） be t blame 应负责任，该受责备 be t let 出租The yung man felt he was t blame fr this traffic accident. 那个年轻人觉得他应对这起交通事故负责任。This car is t let. 此车出租。 （4）with 复合结构With a lt f wrk t d，I wn’t g ut. 有这么多工作要做，我不会 出去。（d 与wrk 之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语I，是主动关系） （5）“疑问词+ 不定式”结构 We dn’t knw what t expect. 我们不知道会发生什么。（expect与what 之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语we，是主动关系） 【学法点拨】 当不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。There is much t d/t be dne when the prime minister takes ffice. 首相上任后有很多事情要做。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）He has a sister （lk） after， which takes up a large amunt f energy. （2）He didn’t knw the fact that the air is difficult （breathe） at high altitudes. （3）He tld me that his friend’s huse was （let） and that he was （blame） fr the delay. （4）He is the very man （chse） fr the wrk. 完成句子（5）When in truble，he always depends n him-self，as he has n friends ___________________（依靠）. （6）We are glad that cmputers make English （容易学）. （7） （有很多钱花）， the by was spiled，which made his parents’ heart brken. （8）They have experience s they knw （要期待什么）.
t chse/t be chsen
t depend n
easy t learn
With much mney t spend
what t expect
Language pints
教材原句p.29 He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin. 他鼓励我参加冲浪比赛。
1 participate in 参与，参加（= take part in） A handful f students in ur class participated actively in bungee jumping. 我们班有几个学生积极参加了蹦极运动。［词汇复现］ 【词语辨析】 不一样的“参加”： participate in/take part in the sprts meeting 参加运动会jin the army/League/Party 参军/ 入团/ 入党jin in the cnversatin/discussin 参与交谈/ 讨论attend the meeting/ceremny/wedding 出席会议/ 出席典礼/ 参加 婚礼attend schl/class 上学/ 上课I’m sure yu’ll all jin me in wishing Ted and Laura a very happy marriage. 我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。【词语积累】 participant n. 参与者，参加者 participatin n. 参与，参加
选词填空（participate in/jin/attend） ①Thugh disabled，he ften sme scial activities in the cmmunity. ②T his satisfactin，his sn the navy in the end. ③The meeting is n the fifth and we’re hping everyne will . 单句语法填空④If pssible，mre peple shuld participate electins. ⑤He has been an active （participate） in the discussin. ⑥A back injury prevented my active （participate） in any sprts fr a while.
participates in
participant
participatin
教材原句p.29 The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk. 人们起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
2 applaud vt. & vi. （1）vt. & vi. 鼓掌He began t applaud，but the thers stepped backwards. 他开始鼓掌，但其他人都后退了。［词汇复现］ Everyne applauded him when he finally gt his driving license. 他终于获得了驾驶执照，大家都为他鼓掌。［词汇复现］ （2）vt. 称赞；赞赏搭配：applaud sb. fr sth. 为某事称赞某人 D yu expect me t applaud his inactin? 你以为我会对他的不作为拍手叫好吗? ［词汇复现］ The teacher applauded him fr his calculating speed. 老师称赞他计算速度快。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空①She （applaud） fr a full five minutes after her speech. ②His effrts t imprve the situatin are t be （applaud）. ③He shuld be applauded his curage. 完成句子④The crwd rse （为演讲者鼓掌）. ⑤ We （称赞这家人的决定） t remain silent ver the issue.
was applauded
t applaud the speaker
applaud the family’s decisin
教材原句p.29 It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less. 对塑料瓶征税是个好主意，这样人们就会少用些。
3 tax vt. & n. （1）vt. 对……征税；使纳税He declared his aim was t tax the rich. 他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 税；税款（+n） raise/cut taxes 增加 / 削减税收 tax increases/cuts 税款的增加 / 削减 changes in tax rates 税率的变化 avid/escape tax 逃税 prfits befre/after tax 税前 / 税后利润 a tax n cigarettes 香烟税 Our cmpany pays taxes n a regular basis and never escapes taxes. 我们公司定期纳税，从不逃税。［词汇复现］
完成句子①The state des nt （对食品征税） r clthing. ②What d yu earn after yu have （纳税） n the mney yu earn? ③The gvernment will pay fr the new schls by （增加……的税收） luxury gds. ④［词汇复现］It’s absurd fr sme famus figures （逃税）.
increasing the tax n
t avid/escape tax
【句式分析】本句是复合句，s that引导结果状语从句。 1 s that （1）所以，结果（表示结果，从句动作已经发生） He adjusted his pace，s that his sn caught up with him. 他调整了步伐，所以儿子赶上了他。［词汇复现］ （ 2）为了，以便（表示目的，相当于 in rder that，从句中常有 will， wuld，can，culd，may，might 等情态动词，从句动作未发生） He put n his glasses s that/in rder that he culd find a getaway n the map. 为了在地图上找到适合度假的地方，他戴上了眼镜。［词汇复现］
完成句子（1）［2020 • 江苏卷］They decide t have mre wrkers fr the prject _（以便）it wn’t be delayed. （2） （为了） we culd get t the cmpany n time，the bss tk sme measures. （3）［词汇复现］He grasped her arm （为了） she culd avid falling ff the ladder.
In rder that
s that/in rder that
教材原句p.29 Far ut in the cean，where the water is as clear as glass，lives the Sea King. 在遥远的大海里，那里的水像玻璃一样清澈，住着海王。
【句式分析】本句是完全倒装句，把作状语的介词短语 far ut in the cean 放到句首，而把谓语lives 提到主语的前面。2 完全倒装表示地点的介词词组位于句首，主语是名词，谓语是be，stand， sit，lie，live 等动词的句子，用完全倒装结构。Amng the frgs was the ugliest ne，wh is entitled “prince”. 在所有的青蛙中，最丑陋的一只叫“王子”。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 常考的完全倒装结构还有： （ 1）there/here，nw/then，up/dwn，in/ut，away/ff + be/cme/g/ run/rush/fly/fllw/fall + 主语（名词） Here cme my students，shuting slgans ludly. 我的学生们来了，大声喊着口号。［词汇复现］ （2）过去分词/ 现在分词/ 作表语的形容词+ be + 主语（名词） Present at the sessin are sme famus scientists. 出席会议的是一些著名科学家。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）Amng the crises that face humans （be） the lack f natural resurces. （2）At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and the Jialing River （lie） ne f the ten largest cities in China. （3）Hearing the dg barking fiercely，away （flee） the thief. 翻译句子（4）在山顶有一座庙。__________________________________________________________________ （5）坐在前面的是学校领导。 __________________________________________________________________
On the tp f the hill stands a temple.
Seated/Sitting in the frnt are the leaders f the schl.
Review useful structures
·T cmplete the great map f the wrld was a strng passin...（S） · Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east.（OC） · Here，merchants frm China and many ther places met t negtiate trade deals...（Ad） · T reach ut acrss the sea remains a strng desire tday.（S） · The aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade...（P） · Trading has grwn will cntinue t d s in years t cme. （O；Attr） · will help t greatly develp the whle area fr the benefit f future trade and cultural exchange.（O） · are still many ther places left t explre.（Attr） · has jined ther natins n several expeditins t explre the Arctic.（Attr） · is an urgent need t study the Arctic in rder t understand climate change and its effects.（Attr；Ad） · need t trade and the desire t enhance relatinships will drive China t reach ut acrss the sea far int the future.（Attr；Attr；OC）
Find all the sentences cntaining infinitives in the reading passage. Thenmark their functins.
1 As the subject（S） 2 As the predicative（P） 3 As the bject（O）4 As the bject cmplement（OC） 5 As the attributive（Attr） 6 As the adverbial（Ad）
EXAMPLE It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer →It is fun t visit an aquarium in summer.（S）
Jin the wrds t make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the functin f each infinitive.
1 He/encuraged me/participate in the surfing cmpetitin → 2 The strm/seems/be getting clser → 3 Magellan/was the first persn/sail arund the wrld → 4 The UN peacekeeping frce/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts →
He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin.（OC）
The strm seems t be getting clser.（P）
Magellan was the first persn t sail arund the wrld.（Attr）
The UN peacekeeping frce aims t maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts.（O）
5 The crwd/std/applaud /scientists/fr their imprtant cean research wrk → 6 It is a gd idea/tax /plastic bttles/s that peple use them less → 7 The Jialng manned submersible /is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater → 8 It remains/be seen/whether r nt his capsule can wrk →
The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.（Ad）
It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less.（S）
The Jialng manned submersible is said t be able t reach 7 km underwater. （O；O）
It remains t be seen whether r nt his capsule can wrk.（P）
Far ut in the cean，where the water is as clear as glass，lives the Sea King. The cean is t deep （measure）. We may imagine there is nthing except yellw sand under the sea，but actually it is nt rare （see）the mst unique flwers and plants （dance）in the fast-mving water. In the deepest spt f all stands the Sea King’s castle，which has walls f cral and a rf （frm）f beautiful shells. The mther f the king，a wise wman wh is prud （be）brn int the ryal family，takes care f his six daughters. Amng the six sea-princesses， the yungest is the prettiest. Althugh she has delicate skin like a rse-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea，she has n feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The mst cmmn way fr the princesses （play）all day lng is （swim） in the halls f the castle r amng the flwers grwing ut f the walls，feeding and tuching the fish （ swim）up t their hands thrugh the windws. They seem （nt wrry） abut anything，except fr the yungest，wh...
Read the beginning f The Little Mermaid and use the prper frms f the verbs in brackets t fill in the blanks. What d yu think happens next?
t measure
t have been
swimming/t swim
wh wants t see what life is like n land. She swims all the way t the surface and sees a large ship. It travels tward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims belw the surface f the water and just manages t swim away frm the big ship. She nw realises that it is a scary wrld utside f the cean，and she decides t stay with her family and friends under the sea.
They seem nt t wrry abut anything，except fr the yungest，wh...
Cmplete the dialgues with the crrect frms f the wrds in brackets.1 A: Will yur parents be back frm their hliday tmrrw? B: N, they decided ___________ (extend) their trip.2 A: Have yu gt the test result n the new medicine? B: Yes, it has prved ___________ (be) smewhat effective, but further testing remains ___________ (d).3 A: Ww! I didn’t expect Pete ________ (be) such a gd swimmer! B: _______________(spend) the past summer practising almst every day, he is nw able ___________ (swim) much faster than befre.4 A: What happened? Yu were suppsed _________________________ (be) in Beijing by nw! B: I verslept and rushed t the airprt, nly ___________ (find) that the check-in cunter had clsed.5 A: Which seasn d yu like mst? B: Winter. Because the city lks very beautiful when ___________ (cver) with snw.6 A: Wh is cnsidered ___________ (be) the father f the cmputer: Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, Jhn Vincent Atanasff, r Jhn vn Neumann? B: Well, they are all believed _______________ (make) imprtant cntributins t cmputer science.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX. 1)
Having spent
t have been（t be）
t have made
1 T be r nt t be, that is the questin.2 It is better t give than t take.3 Yu’re never t ld t learn.4 T knw everything is t knw nthing.5 T save time is t lengthen life.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX.2)
Tell the functin f the infinitive in each sentence. Then translate them int Chinese.
1 T be r nt t be，that is the questin.（S）生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。2 It is better t give than t take.（Ad；Ad）施比受有福。3 Yu’re never t ld t learn.（Ad）活到老学到老。4 T knw everything is t knw nthing.（S；P）什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5 T save time is t lengthen life.（S；P）节约时间就是延长生命。
Named after a mythical dragn, Jialng is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. Itwas develped by Chinese designers _________ (start) frm 2002 and entered service in 2010,_________ (make) China the fifth cuntry in the wrld with deep-sea explratin technlgy.In 2017, during a 138-day expeditin that _________(start) in February, the submersible’s mther ship, Xiangyanghng 09 sailed nearly 34,000 km int the Suth China Sea, the nrthwestern Indian Ocean, and the nrthwestern Pacific Ocean. Jialng cnducted 30 dives _________ (make) scientific investigatins and ___________(cllect) samples. The submersible made five dives in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, bth in the western Pacific Ocean. These peratins have enabled scientists _____________________ (better understand) gegraphical and bilgical cnditins deep under the ceans.
(WORKBOOK P76 EX.3)
Cmplete the news reprt belw with the apprpriate frms f theverbs in brackets. What else d yu knw abut Jialng ?
t better understand
Right nw, Jialng is underging maintenance befre _________ (start) its next adventure.In 2020, Jialng will begin its first glbal deep-sea scientific explratin missin. It will have anew mther ship, which is _________ (name) Deep Sea N. 1 . This grand missin is intended______________ (strengthen) China’s capacity in _________ (survey) deep-sea envirnments and will increase the natin’s influence in this field.
t strengthen
It is named after a Chinese water dragn. It was designed by a frmer prfessr at Shanghai Jia Tng University，and it has the secnd-greatest depth range f any manned research vehicles in 2012.
1 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式的时态共有四种：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。不定式的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。具体形式如下表所示（以 d 为例）：
（1）一般式（t d/t be dne） 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生；t be dne 表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。I saw him g ut with the spnsr. 我看见他和赞助者出去了。（see 后跟不带t 的不定式作宾补）［词汇复现］ It’s a privilege t be invited t play glf with yu. 受邀与您一起打高 尔夫球是一种荣幸。（省略的逻辑主语me 与不定式是被动关系， 在t be invited 之前可以加上fr me）［词汇复现］ （2）进行式（t be ding） 动词不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。They are said t be visiting a grand huse. 据说他们正在参观一座大房子。［词汇复现］
（3）完成式（t have dne/t have been dne） 动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t have been dne 同时还表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。I’m very srry t have kept yu frm getting the bnus. 很抱歉让您无法获得奖金。（keep 发生在 be srry 之前）［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 “ planned/hped/expected/meant/thught/intended/prmised/wanted/ wished/desired t have dne”表示未曾实现的愿望或计划。I meant t have read the science fictin last week. 我本打算上周读完这本科幻小说。［词汇复现］ （4）完成进行式（t have been ding） 动词不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。The chairwman is said t have been living in Lndn fr twenty years. 据说这位女董事长在伦敦已经住了 20 年。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）My father has decided （give）up smking，which makes us greatly surprised. （2）［词汇复现］I have n time t visit the mnument， fr a lt f wrk remains （d）. （3）When I came in，sme babies were asleep. T my amusement，little Jhn pretended _________________（read） with his eyes half-clsed. （4）When I tld him the gd news，he pretended （hear） f it，nt lking excited. （5）The man yu want t see isn’t here，as he seems （fire）. Yu can figure it ut by asking the bss. （6）The nvelist intended （adapt） the bk fr a TV play，but he didn’t make it. （7）He is said （live） with his uncle since his parents left him t wrk in a faraway city.
t be reading
t have heard
t have been fired
t have adapted
t have been living
完成句子（8）He said that he saw her （进入房间） just nw. （9）I am glad （带妹妹去……） the cuntry. （10）He wuld like his sn （被派去工作） in a big cmpany. （11）They seem （在谈论我），fr they stpped at the sight f me. （12）［词汇复现］All f us cnsidered him （偷了钱），but it turned ut t be anther persn. （13）The by’s parents are said （遇害） in a serius accident.
enter the rm
t take my sister t
t be sent t wrk
t be talking abut me
t have stlen the mney
t have been killed
2 动词不定式的分类（1）带 t 的动词不定式：一般情况下，不定式要带t。They are nt building a state t cntinue the cnflict with Israel，but t end it. 他们不是在建立一个国家来继续同以色列冲突，而是要结束这场冲突。［词汇复现］ （2）省略t 的动词不定式①使役动词和感官动词后作宾补的不定式：这类动词有 make， have，let，feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，bserve，ntice 等。但用于被动语态时，不定式要带t。She makes her husband fetch the kids frm schl every day. → Her husband is made t fetch the kids frm schl every day. 她让丈夫每天从学校接孩子。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 巧记后接不带t 的不定式作宾补的动词一感：feel 二听：hear，listen t 三让：make，have，let 五看：see，lk at，watch，bserve，ntice 半帮助：help（t 可带可不带）
（2）wuld rather d... 宁愿……也不愿…… I wuld rather g t wrk in the supermarket than take ver my father’s cmpany. 我宁愿去超市工作也不愿接管我父亲的公司。［词汇复现］ （3）Why 为什么做某事呢？（表示不满或委婉的批评） Why nt 为什么不做某事呢？（表示建议） Why break the appintment n purpse? 为什么故意不赴约？［词汇复现］ Why nt suspend the new system?为什么不暂缓新制度？［词汇复现］ （4）cannt but/cannt chse but/cannt help but d... 只好，不得不I cannt chse but adpt my niece’s advice at present. 眼下我别无选择只得采纳我侄女的建议。［词汇复现］ （5）介词 but，except 后的动词不定式：如果这些介词之前有行为动词d 或d 的某种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式省略t，否则要带t。The premier culd d nthing but appint a cmmittee t cnsider the plans. 总理除了安排一个委员会去考虑这些计划外别无选择。［词汇复现］ I have n chice but t take up a temprary jb. 我别无选择，只能从事一份临时工作。［词汇复现］
（6）并列不定式：当多个动词不定式具有同样的功能时，t 只用在第一个不定式之前，以避免重复。The by decided t stay in the bakery and wrk hard as befre. 这个男孩决定留在面包店里，像以前一样努力工作。［词汇复现］ （7）had better（nt）d sth. 最好（别）做某事I think yu had better stp shuting such slgans. 我认为你们最好别喊这样的口号。［词汇复现］ （8）主语部分有d 时，作表语的动词不定式可以省略t，也可不省略。All yu need t d is （t）test ut the system. 您需要做的就是测试这个系统。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】 动词不定式中动词的省略： 在 expect，hpe，wish，mean，prefer，frget，want，try 以及be afraid， be glad，be happy，wuld like，wuld lve 等后面，为避免重复，动词不定式常常省略，只保留不定式符号t，t have 或 t have been （be 不省略）。I haven’t cnducted an interview，but I wish t（cnduct an interview）. 我没主持过面试，但我希望（去主持）。—Did yu g t the party? 你去参加聚会了吗？ —N，I’d like t have（gne t the party），but I was busy. 没，我想去，但我那时太忙了。—Did the teacher praise yu? 老师表扬你了吗？ —N，but I’d like t have been（praised）. 没有，但我想（被表扬）。
单句语法填空（1）Dn’t frget （give） yur students a little encuragement at any time. （2）The plice bserved a man （g） int the bank ten minutes ag. （3）A man was bserved （g） int the bank ten minutes ag. （4）I wuld rather becme a salesman wrk in that factry. （5）Why nt （turn） ff the light when yu sleep，since yu can’t fall asleep when the light is n? （6）I can’t help wnder if these cnsumers will buy mst f the gds being advertised. （7）We culdn’t d anything but （watch） him being put in prisn.
（8）We had n chice but （watch） him being put in prisn. （9）［词汇复现］What the gvernment has t d is （declare） a state f emergency. （10）There will be n prblems as lng as yu d as the teacher tells yu . （11）My sister likes t be at hme while I wuld nt like t . （12）I frgt t clse the windw but I really hped t ，as the rain destryed ne f my favrite bks. （13）Lily was upset that she wasn’t invited t the party. Meanwhile，I was glad t have .
（t）declare
完成句子（14）［词汇复现］He refused （买词典）with a leather cver. （15）When I （注意到他们进来），I std up immediately and gave them a warm welcme. （16）I （宁愿解决） my prblems alne than ask him fr help. （17）I （只好） agree t his decisin. （18）The bss had n chice but （解雇他）. （19）［词汇复现］I wuld nt like （接管） the cmpany and ____________ （失去自由）. （20）［词汇复现］Yu had better （不要传播谣言）.
t buy a dictinary
nticed them cme in
wuld rather slve
cannt （chse/help） but
t dismiss/fire him
lse freedm
nt spread the rumur
3 动词不定式的句法功能（1）作主语（常用it 作形式主语） T make fun f the disabled is nt right. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的。 It is ridiculus t imagine that the recvery will be quick and easy. 认为会迅速轻易地恢复的想法是荒谬的。［词汇复现］ （2）作宾语①常接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/ hpe，refuse，manage，wish，pretend，ffer，prmise，chse，plan， agree，ask，help 等。The strng man managed t pull ut the tree trunk. 那个壮汉把树干拔了出来。［词汇复现］ ②复合结构中常用it 作形式宾语，不定式（短语）放在宾语补足语之后。常接这样复合结构的动词有6 个：make，feel，find， cnsider，believe，think。The dg fund it difficult t jump ver the fence. 这条狗发现很难跳过这道篱笆。［词汇复现］
③不定式作宾语与动名词作宾语的区别regret t d sth. 遗憾要去做某事 regret ding sth. 后悔做了某事frget t d sth. 忘记去做某事 frget ding sth. 忘记已做过某事remember t d sth. 记得要做某事 remember ding sth. 记得做过某事I regret t say that yu failed t btain a driving license. Yu must be regretting nt training mre. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有获得驾驶执照。你一定后悔没有多训练。
mean t d sth. 打算做某事 mean ding sth. 意味着做某事can’t help （t）d sth. 不能帮着做某事 can’t help ding sth. 禁不住做某事try t d sth. 努力/ 企图做某事try ding sth. 试着做某事
（3）作宾语补足语和主语补足语He asked me t help him learn bilgy. （宾语补足语） → I was asked t help him learn bilgy. （主语补足语） 他请我帮助他学习生物。［词汇复现］ believe/cnsider sb. t have dne sth. （宾补）认为某人做了某事be believed/cnsidered t have dne sth. （主补）被认为做了某事be said/reprted t have dne sth. （主补）据说/ 据报道做了某事
（4）作定语 ①如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或被修饰词是不定式动作发生的地点或借助的工具时，不定式后面要有相应的介词；如果不定式所修饰的名词是 time，place 或way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。Jack is a pleasant fellw t wrk with. 杰克是个很好共事的人。 He had n mney and n place t live（ in） . 他没有钱，也没有地方住。
②被修饰词前有the first/secnd/last/very/nly 时常用不定式作定语。She is always the first persn t cme and the last t leave. 她总是第一个来而最后一个走。 ③下列名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容：decisin， chance，plan，ability，right（权利），way 等。 I’m sure f his ability t cpe with this. 我肯定他有能力应对此事。 ④t be dne 作定语多表将来的被动动作（将要被） The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance. 明天开的会很重要。
（5）作状语（表示目的、结果、原因等） She resigned her psitin t lk after her children. 为了照顾孩子，她辞去了工作。（表目的） T enjy a mre spectacular sight，yu must climb t a greater height. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。（表目的） The candidate reached the cmpany，nly t find the interview ver. 那个申请人到达了公司，结果发现面试已经结束了。（表出乎意料的结果） We were in high spirits t hear the wrds f ur teacher’s encurage-ment. 听到老师鼓励的话，我们情绪高涨。（表原因） 【学法点拨】 （1）不定式t d 表目的，可以放在句子中间，可以用in rder t 和s as t 代替表示强调；也可放在句首，此时只可以用in rder t 代替表强调。 （2）不定式作结果状语常与nly 连用，表示出乎意料的结果；现在分词作结果状语，表示句子内容导致的自然而然的结果。The glass fell t the grund，breaking int pieces. 玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成碎片。
（6）作表语My jb is t make leather bts. 我的工作是制作皮靴。（说明主语的内容） ［词汇复现］ The new rbt is t be tested ut next week. 新机器人将于下周进行测试。（不定式表将来） （7）作独立成分（作句子状语） t tell the truth 说实话 t be exact 确切地说t cnclude 总而言之 t be frank 坦白地说t be brief 简言之 t begin/start with 首先t make things wrse 更糟糕的是T tell yu the truth，yur claim is quite absurd. 说实话，你的要求很荒谬。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】 疑问词+ 不定式“wh/which/when/where/hw/what + t d”在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。Hw t aruse the students’ interest in labur is very imprtant. 如何激发学生的劳动兴趣很重要。（作主语）［词汇复现］ I knw where t find the yung man wh behaves with integrity. 我知道到哪里去找那个行为正直的年轻人。（作宾语）［词汇复现］ The questin is when t raise the salary. 问题是什么时候涨工资。（作表语）［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［2020 • 新高考全国Ⅰ 卷］The bjective f mst speeches is （benefit）the audience. （2）［2020 • 天津卷］Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire （explre）. （3）［2020 • 全国Ⅲ 卷］Our tur als includes a chance （walk）in the ftsteps f Van Ggh and Gauguin. （4）［2020 • 全国Ⅰ卷］Nthing is t small （celebrate）. （5）［2020 • 全国Ⅰ 卷］China has becme the first cuntry （land） a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. （6）T climb the muntain is hard wrk but is great fun t g dwn the muntain. （7） （make） up fr lst time is impssible，s it is necessary t treasure every secnd in yur life. （8）I’m very happy that my father has prmised （g） diving when the summer hliday vacatin cmes. （9）He made a rule t read English alud every mrning.
t benefit
句意：大多数演讲的目的都是使听众受益。
句意：伟大来自持久的探索欲望。
句意：我们的旅行还包括一次跟随凡·高和高更脚步的机会。
t celebrate
句意：没有什么小事不值得庆祝。
句意：中国已成为首个将宇宙飞船着陆在月球远侧的国家。
（10）I had meant （g） t Lndn. Missing this flight means （wait） anther tw hurs. （11）The teacher encurages us （study） hard every day with encuraging wrds. （12）He was the nly persn （knw） the truth，but t ur sadness，he was killed in the cnflict with a rude thief. （13）If yu think the decisin was imprper，yu have the right （appeal） t a higher curt. （14）The system has the ability （run） mre than ne prgram at the same time. （15）The building （build） next year will be used as a drmitry building fr students. （16）She gave him sme mney （let） him leave at nce. （17）We hurried t the statin，nly （tell） that the train had left. （18）His ambitin is （set） up schls fr children f pr families.
t be built
（19）After graduatin，my elder brther chse （出国） fr further study. （20）Every student in the class cnsider it his r her wn respnsibility ___________________________（保持教室清洁）. （21）Seeing my tired mther，I （禁不住感到）sad. Meanwhile，I （不能帮着做） the husewrk. （22）Visitrs （不允许） take phtgraphs. （23）The ban is reprted （被抢劫） f a large amunt f cash. （24）Please give me a knife （用来切东西）. （25）Everybdy thinks Lily is the last persn （考试作弊）.
t keep the classrm clean
culdn’t help feeling
culdn’t help（t）d
are nt permitted/allwed t
t have been rbbed
t cut with
t cheat in the exam
（26）He made every effrt t get the chance （提升） and finally achieved his dream. （27）The questin （将在会上讨论的） tmrrw is very imprtant. （28） （为了让）him leave at nce，she gave him sme mney. （29）He said quietly that he came here （为了跟我道别）. （30） （坦白地说），I really wrried abut this. （31） （简言之），they must understand the imprtance f teaching and spend mre time with their children. （32）［ 词汇复现］What is the mst imprtant is （怎样阻止） the rumur frm spreading.
t be prmted
t be discussed at the meeting
T let/ In rder t let
t/in rder t/s as t say gdbye t me
T be frank
T be brief
hw t stp/ keep/prevent
4 动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义（1）不定式作定语，与被修饰词是被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语，是主动关系。今天我们有很多工作要做。We have a lt f wrk t d tday. （强调“做”是否由主语we完成） We have a lt f wrk t be dne tday. （不强调“做”是否由主语 we 完成） （2） be + 性质形容词+t d 动词+ 宾语+ 性质形容词+ t d The water is nt suitable t drink. 这水不适合喝。 The teacher made the questin easy t answer. 老师使这个问题容易回答。
（3） be t blame 应负责任，该受责备 be t let 出租The yung man felt he was t blame fr this traffic accident. 那个年轻人觉得他应对这起交通事故负责任。This car is t let. 此车出租。 （4）with 复合结构With a lt f wrk t d，I wn’t g ut. 有这么多工作要做，我不会 出去。（d 与wrk 之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语I，是主动关系） （5）“疑问词+ 不定式”结构 We dn’t knw what t expect. 我们不知道会发生什么。（expect与what 之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语we，是主动关系） 【学法点拨】 当不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。There is much t d/t be dne when the prime minister takes ffice. 首相上任后有很多事情要做。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）He has a sister （lk） after， which takes up a large amunt f energy. （2）He didn’t knw the fact that the air is difficult （breathe） at high altitudes. （3）He tld me that his friend’s huse was （let） and that he was （blame） fr the delay. （4）He is the very man （chse） fr the wrk. 完成句子（5）When in truble，he always depends n him-self，as he has n friends ___________________（依靠）. （6）We are glad that cmputers make English （容易学）. （7） （有很多钱花）， the by was spiled，which made his parents’ heart brken. （8）They have experience s they knw （要期待什么）.
t chse/t be chsen
t depend n
easy t learn
With much mney t spend
what t expect
Language pints
教材原句p.29 He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin. 他鼓励我参加冲浪比赛。
1 participate in 参与，参加（= take part in） A handful f students in ur class participated actively in bungee jumping. 我们班有几个学生积极参加了蹦极运动。［词汇复现］ 【词语辨析】 不一样的“参加”： participate in/take part in the sprts meeting 参加运动会jin the army/League/Party 参军/ 入团/ 入党jin in the cnversatin/discussin 参与交谈/ 讨论attend the meeting/ceremny/wedding 出席会议/ 出席典礼/ 参加 婚礼attend schl/class 上学/ 上课I’m sure yu’ll all jin me in wishing Ted and Laura a very happy marriage. 我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。【词语积累】 participant n. 参与者，参加者 participatin n. 参与，参加
选词填空（participate in/jin/attend） ①Thugh disabled，he ften sme scial activities in the cmmunity. ②T his satisfactin，his sn the navy in the end. ③The meeting is n the fifth and we’re hping everyne will . 单句语法填空④If pssible，mre peple shuld participate electins. ⑤He has been an active （participate） in the discussin. ⑥A back injury prevented my active （participate） in any sprts fr a while.
participates in
participant
participatin
教材原句p.29 The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk. 人们起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
2 applaud vt. & vi. （1）vt. & vi. 鼓掌He began t applaud，but the thers stepped backwards. 他开始鼓掌，但其他人都后退了。［词汇复现］ Everyne applauded him when he finally gt his driving license. 他终于获得了驾驶执照，大家都为他鼓掌。［词汇复现］ （2）vt. 称赞；赞赏搭配：applaud sb. fr sth. 为某事称赞某人 D yu expect me t applaud his inactin? 你以为我会对他的不作为拍手叫好吗? ［词汇复现］ The teacher applauded him fr his calculating speed. 老师称赞他计算速度快。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空①She （applaud） fr a full five minutes after her speech. ②His effrts t imprve the situatin are t be （applaud）. ③He shuld be applauded his curage. 完成句子④The crwd rse （为演讲者鼓掌）. ⑤ We （称赞这家人的决定） t remain silent ver the issue.
was applauded
t applaud the speaker
applaud the family’s decisin
教材原句p.29 It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less. 对塑料瓶征税是个好主意，这样人们就会少用些。
3 tax vt. & n. （1）vt. 对……征税；使纳税He declared his aim was t tax the rich. 他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 税；税款（+n） raise/cut taxes 增加 / 削减税收 tax increases/cuts 税款的增加 / 削减 changes in tax rates 税率的变化 avid/escape tax 逃税 prfits befre/after tax 税前 / 税后利润 a tax n cigarettes 香烟税 Our cmpany pays taxes n a regular basis and never escapes taxes. 我们公司定期纳税，从不逃税。［词汇复现］
完成句子①The state des nt （对食品征税） r clthing. ②What d yu earn after yu have （纳税） n the mney yu earn? ③The gvernment will pay fr the new schls by （增加……的税收） luxury gds. ④［词汇复现］It’s absurd fr sme famus figures （逃税）.
increasing the tax n
t avid/escape tax
【句式分析】本句是复合句，s that引导结果状语从句。 1 s that （1）所以，结果（表示结果，从句动作已经发生） He adjusted his pace，s that his sn caught up with him. 他调整了步伐，所以儿子赶上了他。［词汇复现］ （ 2）为了，以便（表示目的，相当于 in rder that，从句中常有 will， wuld，can，culd，may，might 等情态动词，从句动作未发生） He put n his glasses s that/in rder that he culd find a getaway n the map. 为了在地图上找到适合度假的地方，他戴上了眼镜。［词汇复现］
完成句子（1）［2020 • 江苏卷］They decide t have mre wrkers fr the prject _（以便）it wn’t be delayed. （2） （为了） we culd get t the cmpany n time，the bss tk sme measures. （3）［词汇复现］He grasped her arm （为了） she culd avid falling ff the ladder.
In rder that
s that/in rder that
教材原句p.29 Far ut in the cean，where the water is as clear as glass，lives the Sea King. 在遥远的大海里，那里的水像玻璃一样清澈，住着海王。
【句式分析】本句是完全倒装句，把作状语的介词短语 far ut in the cean 放到句首，而把谓语lives 提到主语的前面。2 完全倒装表示地点的介词词组位于句首，主语是名词，谓语是be，stand， sit，lie，live 等动词的句子，用完全倒装结构。Amng the frgs was the ugliest ne，wh is entitled “prince”. 在所有的青蛙中，最丑陋的一只叫“王子”。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 常考的完全倒装结构还有： （ 1）there/here，nw/then，up/dwn，in/ut，away/ff + be/cme/g/ run/rush/fly/fllw/fall + 主语（名词） Here cme my students，shuting slgans ludly. 我的学生们来了，大声喊着口号。［词汇复现］ （2）过去分词/ 现在分词/ 作表语的形容词+ be + 主语（名词） Present at the sessin are sme famus scientists. 出席会议的是一些著名科学家。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）Amng the crises that face humans （be） the lack f natural resurces. （2）At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and the Jialing River （lie） ne f the ten largest cities in China. （3）Hearing the dg barking fiercely，away （flee） the thief. 翻译句子（4）在山顶有一座庙。__________________________________________________________________ （5）坐在前面的是学校领导。 __________________________________________________________________
On the tp f the hill stands a temple.
Seated/Sitting in the frnt are the leaders f the schl.
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