人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品同步测试题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品同步测试题，共7页。

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. If yu dn’t knw hw t acquire a license，yu’d better use a d （目录）service t search fr the infrmatin needed.
2. The premier declared that there wuld be stricter cntrls n the p （拥有）f weapns.
3. Nrris twice kncked dwn his （对手） withut mercy in the early runds f the fight.
4. Accrding t the l （日志），the manned submersible sailed underwater fr abut a week befre it came t the tp.
5. The man was a （逮捕）and put int prisn because he attempted t murder the prime minister f the cuntry.
6. The merchant had m （怜悯） n the ld man and gave him fd and clthing.
Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空
1. I am in favur f mst f what my ppnent said，but I dn’t everything.
2. In the fairy tale，the cruel Prince wuld wrk his will n the peple .
3. The leaders must nw t prmte equal pprtunities fr all merchants.
4. She and her child barded a plane which where her family lived.
5. D yu think it necessary t ask fr fficial permissin fr the event t ?
6. Cheaper energy cnservatin techniques have been in the develped wrld.
7. Our class an idea t make better use f used materials.
8. I was riding alng the street and ，a car cut in and kncked me dwn.
9. The experiment shws that prper exercise， if carried ut regularly，can imprve ur health. 10. Yu shuld be careful with these chemicals because they can t the liver，heart，and kidneys.
Ⅲ . 练通句型
【一句多译】
1. 你最好每天抽出一些时间做运动，这样你就可以保持精力充沛。
① Yu had better set aside sme time every day fr sprts keep yurself energetic. （目的状语从句）
② Yu had better set aside sme time every day fr sprts keep yurself energetic. （目的状语）
2. 虽然我当时太小了，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。
① Althugh I was then the meaning f the film，I remembered my family were mved t tears.（ 结构）
② Althugh I was then understand the meaning f the film，I remembered my family were mved t tears. （ 句式）
3. 他集中精力学习，因此，他提高成绩没有问题。
① He fcuses n studying，s he will his grades. （have prblems in ding sth.）
② He fcuses n studying，s he will imprve his grades .（with短语）
【句式升级】
4. Whether we can get enugh supprt frm the general public remains t be seen.
→ （it作形式主语）
5. D yu think it is imprtant fr us middle schl students t learn a freign language?
→ （it作形式宾语）
Ⅳ . 微写作
根据下面提示，写一篇有关海洋探索的重要性的短文。词数60 左右。
1. 海洋覆盖了我们星球的大部分，因此探索它们可以使我们更好地了解我们的星球；
2. 随着人口的增加，我们将需要更多的资源；
3. 如果我们更多地了解海洋，我们就可以更好地管理海洋资源；
4. 在我看来，海洋值得探索。
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能力提升练
V.教材语法填空
The ceans cver mst f the earth’s surface，s 1. （explre）them enables us t truly understand ur planet. T slve issues such as climate change，we need t understand 2. is happening t the earth. Therefre，we must d mre research.
It is 3. （help） fr us t manage 4. （it）resurces if we understand mre abut the sea. Besides，accessing the deep cean may als help us t predict 5. （event） such as earthquakes. With the ppulatin increasing，mre resurces will 6. （need），and the ceans can prvide us 7. vast amunts f resurces.
There exist envirnmental risks，8. shuld be balanced with 9. （ecnmy） needs. With technlgy 10. （imprve），we may have mre ptins fr managing this balance.
VI.阅读理解
A
We are the prducts f evlutin，and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes（基因），they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin（突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd，but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau，as these peple are knwn，number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia，Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats；in recent times，they’ve als built huses n stilts（支柱） in castal waters.“They are simply a stranger t the land，”said Rdney C. Jubilad，a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers，spearfishing r harvesting shellfish.“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders，”Dr. Jubilad said.“I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015，Melissa Ilard，then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen，heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin，”said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers. B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin. D. Significance f fd selectin.
2. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the cast.
3. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day. B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic Research D. The Wrld’s Best Divers
B
NASA invites vide gamers and citizen scientists t embark n（着手，开始） virtual cean research expeditins t help map cral reefs arund the wrld in an effrt t better understand these threatened ecsystems.
During the past several years，researchers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Califrnia’s Silicn Valley have develped new instruments that can lk belw the cean surface in mre detail than ever befre. Using techniques riginally develped t lk at stars，these“fluid-lensing” cameras use cmplex calculatins t und the ptical distrtins（光学畸变）created by the water ver cral reefs. NASA has deplyed these instruments—munted n drnes r aircraft—t cllect 3D images f the cean flr，including crals，algae and sea-grass. Nw，NASA has a lt f data. Hwever，the data alne d nt tell the whle stry f what’s happening t the crals until smene cmbs thrugh the images t identify and classify everything that is in them. That’s why NASA needs yur help.
Enter NeMO-Net，a vide game in which players identify and classify crals using these 3D images. Players view the images while virtually traveling the cean n their research ship，the Nautilus.
On each“dive”，players interact with real NASA data，learning abut the different kinds f crals that lie n the shallw cean flr while highlighting where they appear in the imagery. Abard their virtual research vessel，players will be able t track their prgress，earn badges，read thrugh the game’s field guide，and access educatinal vides abut life n the sea flr.
As they play the game，players’ actins help train NASA’s supercmputer t recgnize crals frm any image f the cean flr，even thse taken with less pwerful instruments. The supercmputer“learns”frm the cral classificatins players make by hand，using machine learning techniques t classify n its wn.
The mre peple wh play NeMO-Net，the better the supercmputer’s mapping abilities becme. Once it has been able t accurately classify crals frm lw-reslutin data included in the game，the supercmputer will be able t map ut the wrld’s crals.
With that map，scientists will better under-stand what is happening t crals and find ways t preserve them.
5. Why des NASA turn t vide gamers fr help?
A. T help develp new instruments.B. T cllect 3D images f the cean flr.
C. T identify and classify cral reef data.D. T learn different kinds f crals.
6. What d we knw abut NeMO-Net?
A. It is designed fr adult users. B. It is based n real NASA data.
C. Players use it while traveling the cean. D. It draws a glbal cral map n the phne.
7. What des the underlined wrd“thse”refer t in Paragraph 5?
A. The players.B. The images.C. The cameras. D. The supercmputers.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. NeMO-Net—a Vide Game fr AdultsB. Virtual Reality—the Trend f the Future
C. Cral Reefs—an Underwater EcsystemD. Calling Gamers f All Ages—NASA Wants Yur Help
VII.阅读理解七选五
Swap，Dn’t Shp!
Yu keep hearing abut recycling，right? But it desn’t end with bttles，cans，and paper. Clthing takes a huge amunt f natural resurces（资源）t make，and buying lads f new clthing（r thrwing ut ld clthing）is nt healthy fr the envirnment. S what t d with all thse perfectly-gd-but-yu’re-maybe- a-little-sick- f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr? 1 . It’s the best way t get rid f yur used clthes，scre clthes frm yur friends，and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes，the rganizatin f the event，and，bviusly，hw much fun is had. It’s really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
·Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. 2 ，and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm；mre than that，and it becmes uncntrllable.
· 3 . They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their“new”clthes hme.
·Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm. 4 . Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
·Set a starting time. Maybe yu say“g，”r turn n a certain sng，r whatever. 5 . And dn’t frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember，it’s a party!
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F. Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G. Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
课时把关练
Part III Using Language
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. directry 2. pssessin 3. ppnent 4. lg 5. arrested 6. mercy
Ⅱ. 1. agree with 2. withut mercy 3. take actin 4. headed t 5. take place 6. put int peratin
7. came up with 8. all f a sudden 9. amunts f 10. cause damage
Ⅲ. 1. ① s that yu can s that 以便，引导目的状语从句。
② s as t s as t 短语在句中作目的状语。
2. ① t yung t understand 太……而不能……， 动词不定式作结果状语。
② s yung that I culdn’t 如此……以至于……， 引导结果状语从句。
3. ① have n prblems in imprving have n prblems in ding sth. 做某事没有困难。
② with n prblems with n prblems 是介词短语，意为“没有困难”。
4. It remains t be seen whether we can get enugh supprt frm the general public. it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的whether 从句。
5. D yu think it imprtant fr us middle schl students t learn a freign language? it作形式宾语， 后面的动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
Ⅳ. One pssible versin：
The ceans cver mst f ur planet，s explring them can enable us t better understand ur planet. With the ppulatin increasing，mre resurces will be needed. Therefre，if we knw mre abut the ceans，we can manage the resurces better. As far as I am cncerned，the ceans are wrth explring.
V.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了海洋探索的必要性。
1. explring 考查非谓语动词。所填的词作分句主语，所以用动词-ing形式。
2. what 考查名词性从句。所填的词引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以填what。
3. helpful 考查形容词。所填的词作表语，所以用形容词形式。
4. its 考查代词。所填的词修饰名词，所以用形容词性物主代词。
5. events 考查名词复数。event是可数名词，前面没有单数修饰语，所以用复数形式。
6. be needed 考查被动语态。mre resurces和need之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
7. with 考查介词。prvide sb. with sth.“给某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。
8. which 考查非限制性定语从句。所填的词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，所以填which。
9. ecnmic 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。
10. imprving 考查非谓语动词。本空是“with +宾语+宾补”结构，technlgy和imprve之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。
VI. A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了人类在最近几千年里的进化，并以巴瑶人为例，介绍了人类为了适应居住的环境身体发生的一些变化。本文选材较为专业，从人类在环境中不断适应与进化的过程说明人与自然和谐共生的理念，也提醒我们要尊重自然、保护自然。
1. B 细节理解题。文章第一段前两句“We are the prducts f evlutin，and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes，they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.”指出，我们是进化的产物，不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。随着科学家更深入地研究我们的基因，他们发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子。第一段后两句是对前两句所提观点的具体举例。所以，作者想通过第一段所举的事例告诉读者关于人类进化的一些新知识。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“They have traditinally lived n husebats；in recent times，they’ve als built huses n stilts in castal waters.”可知，巴瑶人有住在船屋上的传统，当今时代，他们还在沿海水域的支柱上建造房屋。由此判断，巴瑶人会把房屋建在离海岸不远的海面上。
3. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders...”可知，Jubilad 博士感到吃惊的原因是巴瑶人可以在水下待很长时间。
4. A 标题归纳题。本文第一段提到近几千年来人类进化的观点，第二、三、四段讲述了巴瑶人在居住、潜水等方面的变化，意在表明，巴瑶人为了适应海上生活，他们的身体也发生了一些变化。选项A“为适应海上生活而改变了的身体”体现了本文大意，可选为最佳标题。
B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）呼吁电子游戏玩家和公民科学家进行虚拟海洋研究探险，帮助绘制世界各地的珊瑚礁地图，以便更好地了解这些受到威胁的生态系统。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hwever，the data alne d nt tell the whle stry f what’s happening t the crals until smene cmbs thrugh the images t identify and classify everything that is in them. That’s is why NASA needs yur help.”可知，NASA向电子游戏玩家寻求帮助的目的是希望他们能对采集的珊瑚数据进行识别和分类。
6. B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“On each‘dive’，players interact with real NASA data，learning abut the different kinds f crals that lie n the shallw cean flr...”可知，这款游戏是基于真实的NASA数据来进行的。
7. B 代词指代题。根据第五段中的“ train NASA’s supercmputer t recgnize crals frm any image f the cean flr...”可知，画线词thse指的是图像，所以选B项。
8. D 标题归纳题。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）呼吁游戏玩家，通过玩一款名为NeMO-Net的电子游戏，帮助他们研究珊瑚种类和分布，以此拯救受到威胁的珊瑚，所以D项可作为本文的标题。
VII. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。“回收利用”是个热词，但除了我们所熟知的瓶瓶罐罐和纸张外，那些质量尚好的旧衣物也在此列。作者提出可以举办交换衣物派对，既有趣又节约资源，并且作者给出了几条建议。文章旨在倡导读者节约资源，提高环保意识，与此同时，通过举办交换衣物派对，还可以增强人际沟通及组织协调能力。
1. B 句意判断法解题。由空格后的“It’s the best way t...”可知空格处就是it 所指，综观各选项，“最好的方法”应该是B 项“进行衣物交换”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
2. A 关联逻辑法解题。由空格所在句中的mre than that，and... 可知此处应该是Less peple than that，故选A 项，即参与人数少于既定数量时，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于既定数量时，又会变得不可控。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
3. G 关联逻辑法解题。由空格后的“They shuld als prepare...（他们还应该准备……）”可知空格处也是they 应该做的事情，故选G 项“告诉每个人带来良好无损的干净衣服”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
4. F 关联逻辑法解题。由空前内容可知，要把不同类型的衣服放在房间里不同的地方，能与此语意承接的只有F项“让每个人都把衣服放在合适的地方”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
5. D 关联逻辑法解题。由最后一句“记住，这是个派对！”可知应选D 项“全程一直播放音乐”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
put int peratin，cause damage，withut mercy，cme up with，take actin，agree with，head t，take place，all f a sudden，amunts f