中考英语三轮冲刺过关 查补易混易错 专题18 完形填空（议论文)

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中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

查补易混易错18 完形填空（三）
议论文
解读考点考向



⑴ 中考完形填空遵循“考查考生综合理解、灵活运用语言知识的能力，突出考查考生在语篇中依据上下文灵活运用词语的能力“这一原则，在一篇内容完整的文章中有目的地挖出一些词汇或短语，要求考生在上下文信息被隔断的情况下对文章进行阅读、通过利用基础知识、阅读能力、思维能力和判断能力对每个空白处的备选项做出最合理的分析，从而选出最佳选项，使文章主旨鲜明、逻辑严密、内容完整。
⑵ 命题趋势：近几年来中考的完形填空也有了议论文。文章通常社会的热点话题或与中学生生活相关的活动或事件。选文其重点考查动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词；而介词、连词等虚词所占比重较小。
中考五星高频考点，题目难度中等偏上，在全国各地中考试卷选填题中均有考查。



易错点1：在没有把握作者观点和态度的情况下，急着为每一个空白处选答案。议论文往往体现作者对于某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对。议论文的篇首或结尾往往出现话题中心，通过首段和末段把握文章主题，从而然后再各个击破找打答案。
易错点02：不注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕着某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往一段就是一个论据，而论据和论据之间又互相联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面。只有厘清段与段之间的联系才能准确把握设空处所缺单词。
易错点03 不复核检验。做完之后，应通读全文，检验每条论据是否合情合理，都能强有力地支撑论点。

2021˙真题演练
A
(2021·四川德阳中考真题)
Honesty is an important rule when you are with others. Never cheat your friends because that will make you lose them and you will feel 1 . Don’t tell lies to your parents, or you will 2 them. If you are a teacher or a parent, you’d better always tell the  3 to your students or children. That can make them believe you and respect you.
If you make a 4 , don’t try to hide it. Face it and correct it. That makes people like you better than before because they think you are 5 .
1. A. excited B. lonely C. worried D. calm
2. A. hurt B. care C. hit D. love
3. A. answer B. reason C. secret D. truth
4. A. decision B. mistake C. promise D. friend
5. A. brave B. kind C. honest D. creative
【答案】21-25 BADBC
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了诚实在人际交往中的作用，告诫人们一定要诚实，不要撒谎。
【解析】
1. B 考查形容词辨析。excited令人兴奋的；lonely孤独的；worried担心的；calm安静的。句意：绝不要欺骗你的朋友，因为那将会让你失去他们，你将会感到孤单。根据上文“那将会让你失去他们（你的朋友）”可以判断，“失去朋友”会感到“孤单”。故选B。
2. A 考查动词辨析。hurt伤害；care关心；hit撞击；love爱。句意：不要给你的父母撒谎，否则你会伤害他们。结合句意和选项可知，“给父母撒谎”会“伤害他们”。故选A。
3. D 考查名词辨析。answer回答；reason理由；secret秘密；truth事实。句意：如果你是老师或父母，你应该总是给你的学生或孩子讲实话。根据下文“那会使他们信任你……”可知，此处表示“……给你的学生或孩子讲实话”。故选D。
4. B 考查名词辨析。decision决定；mistake错误；promise承诺；friend朋友。句意：如果你犯了错误，不要试图隐藏他们。根据下文“Face it and correct it.(面对它并纠正它)”可知这里应是“犯了错误”。故选B。
5. C 考查形容词辨析。brave勇敢；kind善良的；honest诚实的；creative有创造性的。句意：那会使人们比以前更加喜欢你，因为他们认为你诚实。根据前文“如果你犯了错误，不要试图隐藏它。面对它并纠正它。”可知，他们能够看出你是诚实的。故选C。
B
（2021 广西贵港中考真题）
Do you like to drink hot water? Compared 1 people in most other countries, Chinese people especially like to drink warm water. Do you know why?
In the old days, people drank water from the 2 . The bacteria（细菌）in it could make them 3 . Ancient people around the world used different 4 to kill the bacteria in the water. For the Chinese, they thought drinking boiled water was the easiest way to protect 5 from the harmful bacteria.
What's more, in traditional Chinese 6 , “yin" and "yang" mean cold and hot energy. It was believed that the power of your body 7 “yang”. And drinking hot water could nourish（滋养）the"yang" energy. That's 8 traditional Chinese doctors always suggest people should not drink cold water.
Besides this, before people in northern China had central heating（中央供暖）, it was hard for them 9 the cold in winter. Drinking hot water helped them keep warm. Another reason is that since the early 20th century, the Chinese government has 10 people to drink more warm water. It has also helped the Chinese to form this special habit.
1. A. at B. with C. of D. in
2. A. river B. desert C. moon D. fridge
3. A. healthy B. strong C. clever D. sick
4. A. ways B. tasks C. tools D. objects
5. A. ourselves B. himself C. themselves D. yourselves
6. A. medicine B. art C. music D. manner
7. A. cut off B. took off C. learnt from D. came from
8. A. how B. why C. which D. what
9. A. prevent B. preventing C. to prevent D. prevented
10. A. allowed B. planned C. warned D. encouraged
【答案】1-5 BADAC 6-10 ADBCD
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了中国人特别喜欢喝热水的原因。在过去，人们喝河里的水。对于中国人来说，他们认为喝开水是保护他们自己免受有害细菌侵害的最简单方法。更重要的是，中医总是建议人们不要喝冷水。除此之外，喝热水有助于保暖。另一个原因是，自20世纪初以来，中国政府鼓励人饮用更多的温水。它也帮助中国人形成了这种特殊的习惯。
【解析】
1. B 考查介词用法。根据短语“compared with(与……相比较)”可知使用介词with。句意：与其他大多数国家的人相比，中国人特别喜欢喝温水。
2. A 考查名词词义辨析。river河；desert沙漠；moon月球；fridge冰箱。由空前“drink water from”可知选A。
3. D 考查形容词词义辨析。healthy健康的；strong强壮的；clever聪明的；sick生病。由下句“…kill the bacteria in the water.(杀死水里的细菌)”可推知“细菌使人们生病“，空处表达”生病的“。
4. A 考查名词词义辨析。way方式，方法，道路；task任务；tool工具；object目标，对象。由下句“For the Chinese, they thought drinking boiled water was the easiest way…(对于中国人来说，他们认为喝开水是……的最简单方法)”可推知空处表达“方式、方法”。句意：世界各地的古人用不同的方法杀死水中的细菌。
5. C 考查代词用法。由主语they可知空处表达“他们自己”。句意：他们认为喝开水是保护他们自己免受有害细菌侵害的最简单方法。
6. A 考查名词词义辨析。medicine药；art艺术；music音乐；manner举止，礼貌。由下文“…traditional Chinese doctors always suggest people should not drink cold water. (中医总是建议人们不要喝冷水。)”可知空处表达“药”。句意：更重要的是，在中医中，“阴”和“阳”意味着冷和热的能量。
7. D 考查动词词组词义辨辨析。cut off切断；take off脱下，(飞机等) 起飞；learn from向……学习；come from来自。由生活实际“身体的能量来自‘阳’”可推知空处表达“来自”。
8. B 考查疑问词。上句 “And drinking hot water could nourish the"yang" energy. (喝热水可以滋养身体“阳”能量。)”是中医建议人们不要和冷水的原因，故空处表达“为什么”。
9. C 考查非谓语动词。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故选C。句意：除此之外，在中国北方人使用集中供暖之前,对他们来说防止冬天的寒冷很难。
10. D 考查动词词义辨析。由下句“It has also helped the Chinese to form this special habit.(它也帮助中国人形成了这种特殊的习惯。)”可知上句表达“中国政府鼓励人们饮用更多的温水”，空处表达“鼓励”。
C
(2021河北中考真题)
Every school has rules for students to follow. However, some students may see the ___1___ as a way which teachers control them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel ___2___. Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the ___3___ in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard.
In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very __4___ and had the right to punish the students. Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children when their children didn’t do what they were ___5___ to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher.
In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause a student to ___6___. It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn ___7___ difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands ___8___ they speak. If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher ___9___. School rules can help students prepare for their own futures as well. When they ___10___ and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules.
Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life will be meaningless and in disorder.
1. A. rules B. excuses C. facts D. examples
2. A. tired B. angry C. excited D. good
3. A. doctors B. parents C. teachers D. students
4. A. kind B. clever C. strict D. careful
5. A. told B. heard C. invited D. watched
6. A. come out B. fall down C. move on D. pass by
7. A. about B. from C. except D. without
8. A. because B. though C. before D. unless
9. A. clearly B. luckily C. quickly D. politely
10. A. hurry up B. look up C. grow up D. dress up
【答案】1—5 ABDCA 6—10 BDCAC
【分析】本文探讨了学校规则，作者认为规则让世界变得更好，如果没有规则，生活将是毫无意义的和无序的。
【解析】
1. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些学生可能认为这些规则是老师控制他们的一种方式。rules规则；excuses借口；facts事实；examples例子。根据“Every school has rules for students to follow.”可知，是校规，故选A。
2. B 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不开心，甚至感到愤怒。tired劳累的；angry生气的；excited激动的；good好的。根据“they’re unhappy”可知，是不好的情绪，故选B。
3. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：嗯，如果你认为你的生活很艰难，你可以想想古代的学生。
doctors医生；parents父母；teachers老师；students学生。根据后文描述可知，是跟古代的学生作对比，故选D。
4.C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去，人们认为老师必须非常严格，有权利惩罚学生。
kind善良的；clever聪明的；strict严厉的；careful仔细的。根据“had the right to punish the students”可知，老师是很严厉的，故选C。
5.A 考查动词辨析。句意：当孩子没有按照老师的要求去做时，父母并不介意老师惩罚他们的孩子。told告诉；heard听见；invited邀请；watched观看。根据“when their children didn’t do what they were…to do.”可知，在学生不做被告知的事情时，会受到惩罚，故选A。
6.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，在走廊上跑步可能会导致学生摔倒。come out出版；fall down摔倒；move on前进；pass by路过。根据“running in the hallways”可知，在走廊上跑步可能会摔倒，故选B。
7.D 考查介词词义辨析。句意：遵守规则也可以帮助学生在教室学习没有困难。about关于；from从；except除了；without没有。分析“Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn…difficulty.”可知，遵守规则也可以帮助学生在教室学习没有困难，可用without表示“没有”，故选D。
8.C 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在课堂上，老师可能会要求学生在发言前举手。because因为；though虽然；before在……之前；unless除非。根据“In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands…they speak.”可知，发言前要举手，故选C。
9.A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有人乱说话，其他学生可能听不清老师的话。clearly干净地；luckily幸运地；quickly迅速地；politely礼貌地。根据“If someone speaks out of turn”可知，如果有人乱说话，其他学生会听不清，故选A。
10.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们长大了，自己出去时，他们很快就会发现他们仍然需要遵守规则hurry up快点；look up查阅；grow up长大；dress up打扮。根据“go out on their own”可知，是长大后，故选C。
D
(2021湖北荆州中考真题)
Don’t shake hands! Don’t hug anyone! 1 order to slow the spread of CONVID-19, we’re advised to avoid physical contact (接触) as 2 as possible. Some of us have been 3 to more creative ways of greeting one another, such as a friendly wave from two meters away. We are not sure when this pandemic (流行病) will end. But 4 more people get their vaccines (疫苗), we may soon be able to get back to hugging, shaking hands and kissing checks. But … should we?
We are 5 from a young age that it is impolite to shake hands when we meet people. But Ashley Peterson, a doctor in the United States, thinks we should be more careful about how we greet people. Not 6 likes to be hugged.
Peterson says now is the perfect time for parents to guide their kids in making 7 about how to greet people. The idea is not to 8 hugs and handshakes. If your kids want to hug others, they should. If they feel
9 about hugging, they can use other ways to greet people.
Anthony Fauci, a health educator, holds a stronger opinion. He thinks we should never shake hands again. “We’ve got to 10 that custom,” he says. “That is really one of the major (主要的) ways to pass on an illness.”.
1. A. In B. To C. With D. At
2. A. far B. silently C. much D. loudly
3. A. used B. worried C. embarrassed D. disappointed
4. A. so B. whether C. before D. as
5. A. said B. told C. laughed D. stopped
6. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. none
7. A. decisions B. mistakes C. calls D. noises
8. A. support B. discuss C. cancel D. protect
9. A. unknown B. unlucky C. uncrowded D. uncomfortable
10. A. save B. break C. choose D. follow
【分析】新冠疫情在世界各地持续爆发，握手、拥抱、吻面颊等都这些很常见的与他人打招呼的方式，现在正面临着严峻地挑战，专家和医生们对此有不同的意见。
1. A 考查介词辨析。根据空格后面的order to可知此空考查固定搭配in order to“为了”。句意：为了减缓新冠疫情的传播速度，我们建议……。
2. C考查副词辨析。far远地；silently安静地；much许多；loudly大声地。句意：为了减缓新冠疫情的传播速度，我们建议尽可能多地避免身体接触。as much as possible 尽可能多地。
3. A考查形容词辨析。used习惯于；worried担心的；embarrassed尴尬的；disappointed失望的。根据句意“一些人______用更有创意的与他人打招呼的方式，例如：在两米远处一个友好的挥手。”可知此空用be used to符合语境。故选A。
4. D考查连词辨析。so因此；whether是否；before是否；as由于；作为。根据句意“_____更多人接种疫苗，我们或许能回到可以拥抱、握手和吻脸颊的时候。”可知前句表示原因，后句表示结果。故选D。
5. B考查动词辨析。say说；tell告诉；laugh笑；stop停止。根据句意“我们从小就_____，遇到人时不握手是不可能的。”可知空白处意为“被告诉”，因此应用told。
6. C考查不定代词辨析。anyone任何人；someone某人；everyone人人；none没有人。由上文“这名美国医生认为就如何与他人打招呼应更小一心一些”可推测并不是每个人都喜欢被拥抱。空白处意为“每个人”。
7. A考查名词辨析。decision决定；mistake错误；call电话；noise噪音。根据句意“彼得森说，现在是父母指导孩子_______如何与人打招呼的最佳时机。”可知空白处表示“做决定”符合语境。make decisions做决定；make mistakes犯错误；make calls打电话； make noises 制造噪音。故选A。
8. C考查动词辨析。support 支持；discuss讨论；cancel取消；protect保护。由下文“如果你的孩子想拥抱他人，他就应该去做”，可推测空白处意为“取消”。句意：这个想法并不要取消拥抱或者握手。
9. D考查形容词辨析。unknown不出名的；unlucky不幸运的；uncrowded 不拥挤的；uncomfortable不舒服的。根据后句“他们可以用其他方式去与他人打招呼”可推测前句表示“如果他们感觉对拥抱感到不舒服”，故选D。
10. B考查动词辨析。save保存，拯救；break打破；choose选择；follow跟随。由上文“他认为我们应当永远不要再握手了”，可知本句应表示“我们应打断这种礼仪”，故选B。
E
（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）

Do you know what a resolution is? It's a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people. However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, 1 the most common kind is New Year's resolutions. The start of the year is often a 2 for making resolutions. We hope that we are going to improve our lives. Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions. Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and 3 .
There are different kinds of resolutions. Some are about physical health. For example, some people promise
4 they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. These are about making yourself a 5 person. Some people might say they are going to 6 a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork. For example, a student may have to find more time to study.
1．A．or B．and C．so
2．A．time B．reason C．place
3．A．ideas B．ways C．plans
4．A．ourselves B．yourselves C．themselves
5．A．better B．healthier C．happier
6．A．go on B．take up C．hear of
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述人们对自己许下的承诺就是决心，最常见的一种就是新年决心。新年伊始往往是下决心的时候。当人们在年初制定新年计划时，希望能改善人们的生活。计划有很多，关于很多方面。虽然它们有不同之处，但大多数决心都有一个共同点：人们几乎从不一直保持下去。
1．句意：然而，你对自己做出的承诺是决心，而且最寻常的是新年决心。or或者；and和；so因此。根据“ promises you make to yourself are resolutions”及“the most common kind is New Year's resolutions”可知前后是并列关系，用连词 “and”。故选B。
2．句意：一年的开始经常是制定新年决心的时候。time时间；reason原因；place地方。根据“The start of the year ”及“for making resolutions”可知表达“制定新年决心的时候”，用名词 “time”。故选A。
3．句意：其他人把他们的愿望和计划告诉他们的家人和朋友。ideas想法；ways方法；plans计划。根据 “ write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year”可知表达的是计划，用名词 “plans”。故选C。
4．句意：例如，一些人承诺他们自己他们将开始锻炼或者少吃快餐。ourselves我们自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves他们自己。根据 “some people” 及“they ”可知表达“给他们自己做出承诺”，用反身代词“themselves”。故选C。
5．句意：这些是关于让你自己成为一个更好的人。better更好；healthier更健康；happier更开心。根据“Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.”决心是关于个人改进，可知表达“让自己成为一个更好的人”，用比较级 “better”。故选A。
6．句意:一些人可能会说他们将开始一个兴趣爱好，比如绘画或者拍照，或者学习弹吉他。go on继续；take up开始从事；hear of听说。根据 “ a hobby”可知表达“开始一个新的爱好”，用动词短语 “take up”。故选B。

2022˙名校模拟
A
（2022山东泰安中考模拟）
Students at a primary school in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, are ___26___ to clean the school toilets to help them develop good habits. But some parents are strongly ___27___ the idea. They can’t see the advantage of students doing such chores. They think that the school should ___28___ students with a proper education, not the chance to be school cleaners.
In fact, ___29___, schools and society play an equally(同等) important role in developing the character of students. It is good for schools to give students such tasks, because ___30___ of the students will do them at home. Their parents want them to do homework only.
In recent years, some parents will make mountains out of molehills(小题大做) when students are asked to do chores at school. Some complain about the teachers ___31___ their kids get hurt at school; some even challenge the school’s teaching methods and management. ___32___, many primary schools, especially those in big cities, do not let students join in ___33___ activities during breaks, fearing that they might get hurt. This is bad for students’ overall development.
What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth ___34___. Doing chores can put a sense of ___35___ into students’ minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students’ in-school experiences more meaningful.
26. A. required B. caused C. offered
27. A. for B. with C. against
28. A. give B. offer C. provide
29. A. parents B. teachers C. students
30. A. all B. few C. some
31. A. what B. if C. how
32. A. However B. Besides C. As a result
33. A. inside B. outdoor C. safe
34. A. praising B. preventing C. protecting
35. A. resolution B. pride C. responsibility
【答案】26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】福建省福州市一所小学的学生被要求打扫学校厕所，以帮助他们养成良好的习惯。但有些家长强烈反对这个想法。事实上，学校给学生这样的任务是有好处的，做一些杂事可以让学生的头脑中拥有责任感并能教会他们树立团队合作精神，使学生在学校的经历更有意义。
【26题详解】
句意：福建省福州市一所小学的学生被要求清洁学校厕所，以帮助他们养成良好的习惯。
required要求；caused造成；offered提供。根据“Students at a primary school in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, are...to clean the school toilets to help them develop good habits.”可知，学生被要求清洁学校厕所，故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：但是一些家长强烈反对这个想法。
for为了；with和；against反对。根据“ They can’t see the advantage of students doing such chores.”可知，他们看不到学生做这些家务的好处，所以是反对这个想法，故选C。
【28题详解】
句意：事实上，学校和社会在培养学生的性格方面起着同样重要的作用。
give给；offer提供；provide提供。根据“They think that the school should...students with a proper education”可知，此处是provide sb with sth短语，意为“提供某人某物”，故选C。
【29题详解】
句意：事实上，家长、学校和社会在培养学生的性格方面扮演着同样重要的角色。
parents父母；teachers老师；students学生。根据“In fact, ..., schools and society play an equally(同等) important role in developing the character of students.”可知，家长、学校和社会分别扮演角色，故选A。
【30题详解】
句意：学校给学生布置这样的任务是有好处的，因为很少有学生在家做这些事情。
all所有的；few几乎没有；some一些。根据“Their parents want them to do homework only.”可知，他们的父母希望他们只做家庭作业，所以很少有学生在家做这些事情。故选B。
【31题详解】
句意：如果孩子在学校受伤，一些人会抱怨老师；有些人甚至挑战学校的教学方法和管理。
what什么；if如果，是否；how如何。“ their kids get hurt at school”是“Some complain about the teachers”的条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选B。
【32题详解】
句意：因此，许多小学，尤其是大城市的学校，不让学生在课间参加户外活动，担心他们可能会受伤。
However然而；Besides此外；As a result因此。前后两句构成因果关系，此处强调结果，故选C。
【33题详解】
句意：因此，许多小学，尤其是大城市的学校，不让学生在课间参加户外活动，担心他们可能会受伤。
inside里面的；outdoor户外的；safe安全的。根据“fearing that they might get hurt”可知，怕学生受伤，所以是不让学生在课间参加户外活动，故选B。
【34题详解】
句意：福州小学正在做的事情值得称赞。
praising赞扬；preventing阻止；protecting保护。根据“teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students’ in-school experiences more meaningful”可知，此处提及好处，所以是值得称赞，故选A。
【35题详解】
句意：做家务可以让学生有责任感，教会他们规则和团队合作的精神。
resolution决心；pride骄傲；responsibility责任。根据“Doing chores can put a sense of...into students’ minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork.”可知，教会他们规则和团队合作的精神，也是教学生责任感。故选C。
(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔建华区中考模拟)
Imagine you’re taking an exam, and you find ____11____ difficult to answer those questions. Time is running out. Would you waste the little chance that you get in cheating? ____12____ some of us have once cheated in the test. Certainly, it’s not correct. It’s important ____13____ the rules because the world would ____14____ a total mess without rules.
However, with the time passing by and the ____15____ of the society, some rules have become barriers (障碍) to people’s success. Arnold once said. “We have so many rules in life about everything. But it’s impossible to be a creator ____16____ you’re too well-behaved. You have to think outside the box.”
Not all rules are equal (相等的). Some are created to control people, ____17____ become old and boring. So sometimes, it’s ____18____ to break the rules. In 1823, William Webb Ellis was a pupil at Rugby School. He ____19____ playing football in the old way, so he took the ball in his arms and ran with it _____20_____ a school football match. Rugby (橄榄球), the game we know and love today, was born.
Each person has _____21_____ own values (价值观). Before you break the rules, think over whether it will go _____22_____ your values. And the moment you decide to do that, you must _____23_____ face the bad results.
All in all, rules are used to help us, not _____24_____ us. So, we have reason to believe that breaking rules is necessary at times, especially when they prevent us from becoming _____25_____. Of course, one can be a fan of breaking the rules, but can’t be a fan of breaking the laws.
11. A. that B. it C. this
12. A. Probably B. Lastly C. Finally
13. A. to break B. to make C. to follow
14. A. turn into B. throw into C. divide into
15. A. improvement B. development C. agreement
16. A. if B. whether C. unless
17. A. other B. others C. another
18. A. wrong B. impossible C. OK
19 A. got bored with B. was proud of C. was afraid of
20. A. among B. before C. during
21. A. himself B. his C. he
22. A. against B. away C. on
23. A. be harmful to B. be ready to C. be close to
24. A. suggest B. separate C. control
25. A. worse B. better C. best
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文中作者阐述了对“规则”的看法。遵守规则是重要的，但随着社会的发展，一些规则成了人们成功的障碍，打破规则，才能有新的创造。
【11题详解】
句意：想象一下你正在参加一场考试，你发现很难回答这些问题。
that那，那个；it它；this这，这个，根据句子结构可知，这句话中使用了句型“find it+形容词+to do sth.”“发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。故选B。
【12题详解】
句意：我们中可能有人曾经在考试中作弊。
Probably可能，大概；Lastly最后；Finally最终，最后。根据上文“Would you waste the little chance that you get in cheating?”，此处是这个问题可能的一个回答，故选A。
【13题详解】
句意：遵守规则很重要，因为没有规则，世界会变得一团糟。
to break打破；to make制造；to follow遵守。根据句意“because the world would …a total mess without rules.”可知，这里作者强调遵守规则是很重要的。故选C。
【14题详解】
句意：遵守规则很重要，因为没有规则，世界会变得一团糟。
turn into变成；throw into扔到……里面；divide into划分成……。根据空后的搭配“… a total mess”可知，没有规则，世界会变得一团糟。故选A。
【15题详解】
句意：然而，随着时间的推移和社会的发展，一些规则已经成为人们成功的障碍。
improvement提高，改善；development发展；agreement同意。根据句意“the … of the society”可知，这里应指“社会的发展”，故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：但如果你太循规蹈矩，就不可能成为创造者。
if如果，引导条件状语从句；whether是否；unless除非，如果不。根据句子之间的关系可知，这里表示“如果……，你就不可能成为创造者”，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
17题详解】
句意：创建一些规则是用来控制人的，其他一些规则变得陈旧而乏味。
other其他的；others其他人或物；another另一个。根据空前“Some are created to control people”可知，Some指代“一些规则”，这里指“其他规则”。故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：所以有时候，打破规则是可以的。
wrong错误的；impossible不可能的；OK行，可以。根据上文“…become old and boring.”可知，有些规则变得陈旧、乏味，因此打破规则是可以的。下文的例子也证明了这一点。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：他厌倦了以旧的方式踢足球，所以他把球抱在怀里，带着它在学校的足球比赛中奔跑。
got bored with厌倦……；was proud of为……感到骄傲；was afraid of害怕……。根据空后“…so he took the ball in his arms and ran with it”可知，他对踢足球的旧的方式感到厌倦，故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：他厌倦了以旧的方式踢足球，所以他把球抱在怀里，带着它在学校的足球比赛中奔跑。
among在……中间；before在……之前；during在……期间。根据空后“…a school football match”可知，这里表示“在一场足球比赛期间”，故选C。
【21题详解】
句意：每个人都有自己的价值观。
himself他自己；his他的；he他，人称代词主格。根据句子结构可知，该空用形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的“values”，故选B。
【22题详解】
句意：在你打破规则之前，先想想它是否会违背你的价值观。
against反对，违背；away离开；on在……上面。根据空后“… your values”和句意可知，这里表示“违背价值观”，故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：当你决定这么做的时候，你就要准备好面对不好的结果。
be harmful to对……有害；be ready to准备好去……；be close to离……近。根据句意“the moment you decide to do that…”可知，决定要打破规则的时候，就要准备好去面对不好的结果。故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：总之，规则是用来帮助我们的，而不是控制我们的。
suggest建议；separate分开，分离；control控制。根据下文“So, we have reason to believe that breaking rules is necessary at times…”，有时候我们需要打破规则，由此可知规则不是来控制我们的。故选C。
【25题详解】
句意：所以，我们有理由相信，有时打破规则是必要的，尤其是当它们阻止我们变得更好的时候。
worse更差；better更好；best最好。根据空前“So, we have reason to believe that breaking rules is necessary at times”可知，打破规则，因为规则阻止我们变得更好。故选B。
（2022黑龙江哈尔滨道外区中考模拟）
Parents are the first teachers of their children. Something that I learnt from ___21___ my parents was the importance of having respect for other people. I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down ___22___ other people were standing. My mother shouted at me “Get up at once! You have young legs and you don’t need to sit down.” At the time I felt embarrassed about being told off (责备) ___23___, but now I understand. I think children nowadays have ___24___ that respect and it really makes me angry if I see children not giving up their seats to old people.
One area where we had a lot of rules was table ___25___. For example, we weren’t allowed to start our meal until the oldest person had started. We had to say “thank you” when our food was served, and eat ___26___ on our plates before we could leave the table. We couldn’t make any noise when eating. Worse than that, we were ___27___ allowed to have sweets at the weekend, as a special treat if we had been good.
___28___ my upbringing (养育) was perhaps a bit strict compared with modern children, I’m very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear direction in life. Even though I was sometimes punished, I think it has made me a ___29___ person. In my view, children need clear rules, but more than that they need to learn how to ___30___ other people and realize they are not the center of the world.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
21. A. both of B. all of C. neither of
22. A. and B. while C. or
23. A. in person B. in a row C. in public
24. A. won B. lost C. shown
25. A. manners B. materials C. markets
26. A. something B. nothing C. everything
27. A. even B. only C. always
28. A. Because B. Although C. After
29. A. healthier B. cleverer C. better
30. A. get on with B. keep away from C. take pride in
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了作者从小就从父母那里学会了尊重他人的重要性。作者认为孩子们需要明确的规则，更重要的是，要学会如何与他人相处，并意识到自己不是世界的中心。
【21题详解】
句意：我从父母那里学到了尊重他人的重要性。
both of两者都；all of三者或三者以上都；neither of两者都不。根据“my parents”可知父母是两个人，根据“... was the importance of having respect for other people.”可知跟父母学习，用肯定的both of。故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：我记得一天，当我在公交车上旅行时，我坐着，而其他人站着。
and和；while然而；or否则。根据“ I sat down ... other people were standing.”可知空前后形成对比，用while连接。故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：当时，我对被当众斥责感到尴尬，但现在我明白了。
in person亲自；in a row排成一排；in public公共场合。根据“when we were travelling on a bus”可知，是在公共场合被训斥而感到尴尬，故选C。
【24题详解】
句意：我认为现在的孩子们已经失去了这种尊重，如果我看到孩子们不让座给老人，真的让我很生气。
won赢得；lost失去；shown展示。根据“it really makes me angry ...”可知，孩子们失去了这种尊重，故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：我们有很多规矩的一个领域是餐桌礼仪。
manners礼仪，风俗；materials材料；markets市场。根据“For example, we weren’t allowed to start our meal ... the oldest person had started ...”可知，这里说的是餐桌礼仪，故选A。
【26题详解】
句意：当我们的食物上来的时候，我们必须说“谢谢”，在我们离开桌子前，应该吃完盘子里的所有东西。
something一些东西；nothing没什么东西；everything每件东西。根据“... before we could leave the table.”可知离开桌子的时候，盘子里的东西应该都吃光。故选C。
【27题详解】
句意：更糟糕的是，我们只能在周末吃糖果，如果我们表现好的话，这是一种特殊的待遇。
even甚至；only只有；always总是。根据“as a special treat if we had been good.”可知只有周末才能吃糖果。故选B。
【28题详解】
句意：尽管与现代孩子相比，我的成长环境可能有点严格。但我非常感谢我的父母给了我一个明确的人生方向。
because以为；although尽管；after在……之后。根据“my upbringing (养育) was perhaps a bit strict compared with modern children, I’m very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear direction in life.”可知此处有让步关系，尽管严格，但是很感谢父母。故选B。
【29题详解】
句意：即使我有时候被罚，我认为它让我成为一个更好的人。
healthier更健康；cleverer更聪明；better更好。根据“In my view, children need clear rules ...”可知，这些规则让我成为更好的人。故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：依我看，孩子需要明确的规则，但更重要的是，他们需要学会如何与他人相处，并意识到他们不是世界的中心。
get on with与某人相处；keep away from远离；take pride in以……为傲。根据“... and realize they are not the center of the world.”可知，此处指与人相处。故选A。

（2022天津市和平区中考模拟）
As somebody who’s spent a great deal of time being jobless or an aimless student, I’ve felt like I’m doing ___16___ with my life.
I’ve seen people like me who just ____17____ their situation. You can ____18____ your whole life saying “It’s too hard. I’m not going to do it,” or “I’ll start tomorrow.”
But the good news is, six months is ____19____ to turn your life around for the better.
A few years ago, I went to see one of my teachers in college, thinking I had a couple of courses left ___20___ I graduated. It turned out that I had nine courses left.
I just wanted to ____21____ on getting my degree (学位). But then a friend of mine said, “Well, you can either complain about your courses or you can get them done.”
I took more ____22____ than I ever had, and within six months I was finished.
After graduating, I didn’t have the experience to get an incredible (极好的) ____23____ right away.
Six months of volunteering got me the references (推荐信) I needed to change that. And a few months at a low-paying job got me into a second job that was much better.
Some people may have thought, “I don’t want to waste my time volunteering—it won’t ____24____ me out.” But the truth is, even just six months of volunteering can make a _____25_____—not only in others’ lives, but in ours.
The bottom line is this: six months isn’t that long, but it’s long enough to make some incredible changes.
In just half a year, you can change your whole life.
16. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
17. A. visit B. reach C. accept D. meet
18. A. relax B. find C. use D. spend
19. A. ready B. enough C. quick D. necessary
20. A. after B. before C. since D. when
21. A. give up B. pick up C. end up D. make up
22. A. advice B. time C. courses D. trips
23. A. degree B. job C. look D. price
24. A. call B. put C. drive D. help
25. A. wish B. decision C. difference D. discussion
【16~25题答案】
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要是作者认为六个月的时间足够改变自己的生活，并举了一些例子。
【16题详解】
句意：作为一个很久没有工作或无目标学习的学生，我觉得我的生活什么都没做。
nothing什么都没有；something某事；everything每件事；anything任何事，根据前文的“being jobless or an aimless student”可知，应该是感觉什么都没做，故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：我见过像我这样接受他们处境的人。
visit参观；reach到达；accept接受；meet遇见，根据空后的“their situation”可知，应该是接受自己的处境，故选C。
【18题详解】
句意：你可以用一生的时间说“这太难了，我不会去做”，或者“我明天就开始。”
relax放松；find找到；use使用；spend花费，固定搭配spend some time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：但好消息是，六个月足以让你的生活好转。
ready准备好的；enough足够的；quick快速的；necessary必需的，根据空前的“But the good news is”可知，六个月足够让生活好转，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：几年前，我去见我大学里的一位老师，以为毕业前我还有两门课没有修完。
after在……之后；before在……之前；since自从；when当……时，根据后文的“After graduating, I didn’t have the experience to get an incredible”可知，应该说的是毕业前没有修完的课，故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：我只是想放弃我的学位。
give up放弃；pick up捡起；end up结束；make up编造，根据前文的“It turned out that I had nine courses left”可知，因为很多课程没有修完，所以作者想放弃学位，故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：我修的课比以往任何时候都多，不到六个月我就学完了。
advice建议；time时间；courses课；trips旅行，根据前文的“Well, you can either complain about your courses or you can get them done”和“and within six months I was finished”可知，空缺处应该说的是修了比之前多的课程，故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：毕业后，我没有立即得到一份极好的工作的经历。
degree学位；job工作；look看；price价钱，根据前文的“After graduating”可知，应该是毕业后没有立刻有好工作，故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：有些人可能会想，“我不想浪费时间做志愿者，它不能帮我解决问题。”
call打电话；put放置；drive开车；help帮助，根据空前的“I don’t want to waste my time volunteering”可知，有人认为志愿者工作不能帮助自己解决问题，help sb out“帮助某人解决问题”，故选D。
【25题详解】
句意：但事实是，即使仅仅六个月的志愿工作也能带来不同——不仅在别人的生活中，也在我们的生活中。
wish希望；decision决定；difference区别，不同；discussion讨论，根据空前的“even just six months of volunteering can make a”可知，六个月的志愿工作能带来影响，make a difference“有影响”，故选C。
(2022山西晋中中考模拟)
Teens will finally grow up some day, leaving their parents and facing the challenges in life alone, so they should learn ____36____ life skills and form good working habits.
The government has been trying to pay attention to the ____37____ of hard-working spirit education (劳动教育). ____38____ this has been overlooked (忽视)in recent years. Many teens do not value the importance of working hard. There is a teenage girl named Nancy, she ____39____ helps out around the house. Once her mother was on vacation for a week, leaving her alone at home. When her mother came home from vacation, she could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.
Schools play an important role in teaching students ____40____ the value of working hard. Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit courses every week. To our joy, some schools have provided each class with a piece of field to plant ____41____ favorite vegetables. For example, No.38 Middle School in Hefei ____42____ a 500-square-meter farm on an open platform (露天平台)of their teaching building. Each class are asked to grow and pick vegetables there.
Parents should also encourage children to learn ____43____ to do chores at home. Teens should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms. The basic skills may help teens to solve the problems they will meet in the future.
36. A. basic B. difficult C. empty
37. A. reason B. importance C. explanation
38. A. But B. So C. Or
39. A. always B. already C. never
40. A. about B. for C. in
41. A. her B. my C. their
42. A. set up B. leave out C. take off
43. A. who B. where C. how
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. C
【解析】
【导语】本文论述了学生要学会生活基本技能和培养良好习惯的重要性，学校要多关注劳动教育的重要性，家长要多鼓励学生们在家做劳务。
【36题详解】
句意：孩子们总有一天会长大，离开父母，独自面对生活中的挑战，所以他们应该学习基本的生活技能，养成良好的工作习惯。
basic基础的；difficult困难的；empty空的。根据后文“The basic skills may help teens to solve the problems they will meet in the future.”可知，孩子们应该学习一些以后能够帮助自己解决问题的基本技能。故选A。
【37题详解】
句意：政府一直在努力重视艰苦奋斗精神教育的重要性。
reason理由；importance重要性；explanation解释。根据后文“Many teens do not value the importance of working hard.”可知，很多年轻人不重视努力工作的重要性，故前文说政府一直重视艰苦奋斗教育的重要性。故选B。
【38题详解】
句意：但这一点最近几年被忽视了。
But但是；So如此；Or或者。根据前文“The government has been trying to pay attention to the importance of hard-working spirit education”和“this has been overlooked in recent years.”可知，政府一直重视和最近被忽视构成转折，故空处用but表示转折。故选A。
【39题详解】
句意：有一个十几岁的女孩叫南希，她从来不帮忙做家务。
always总是；already已经；never从来不。根据后文“When her mother came home from vacation, she could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.”可知，南希从来不做家务，甚至妈妈不在家，她都不能找到一件干净的衬衣。故选C。
【40题详解】
句意：学校在教育学生努力工作的价值方面发挥着重要作用。
about关于；for为了；in在……里面。根据“…the value of working hard. ”可知，在努力工作的价值方面，about“关于；在……方面”，故选A。
【41题详解】
句意：令我们高兴的是，一些学校为每个班级提供了一块地来种植他们最喜欢的蔬菜。
her她的；my我的；their他们的。根据“each class”可知，每班的学生种植自己喜欢吃的蔬菜，学生们为复数，故用their，their favorite vegetables“他们最喜欢的蔬菜”。故选C。
【42题详解】
句意：例如，合肥市第三十八中学在教学楼开放式平台上建立了一个500平方米的农场。
set up建立；leave out遗漏；take off起飞。根据“schools have provided each class with a piece of field ”可知，学校提供每个班级一块土地，故第三十八中学建立了农场。故选A。
【43题详解】
句意：父母也应该鼓励孩子学习如何在家里做家务。
who谁；where哪里；how如何。根据“Teens should master one or two life skills every year.”可知，孩子们应该学习如何做家务，并每年掌握一到两门生活技能。故选C。