中考英语三轮冲刺过关 查补易混易错 专题22 阅读理解（议论文)

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中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。 查补易混易错22 阅读理解（四）议论文  ⑴ 议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。⑵ 命题趋势：通过历年试题的分析我们发现议论文体裁的阅读理解的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者语气、态度型、结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识题、是非题等。中考五星高频考点，题目难度中等偏上，在全国各地中考试卷选填题中有考查。  易错点01：不重视标题和主题句，读文章时平均用力。阅读中应该重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。 易错点02 草率从事，不关注文章细节。细读文章，注意文章细节理解。除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。易错点3：以偏概全、主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。 做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角。理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。 2021˙真题演练（2021·河北中考真题）Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal.But why do you have dreams and goals, you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent (锲而不舍的) action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow.This is the famous formula (公式) for success:Dream > Believe > AchieveMost people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is.I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula:Dream > Believe > Act > AchieveFor me, act is the most important thing for success and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action.Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality.1．What should you do when you find your lessons very hard?______A．Ask people for help. B．Try and keep trying.C．Get ready to create wonders. D．Prepare for a harder one.2．Which does the writer add to the famous formula?______A．Act. B．Achieve. C．Connect. D．Create.3．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?______A．Dangers. B．Imaginations. C．Wonders. D．Difficulties.4．Why does the writer use the formula “Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”?______A．To support his idea. B．To ask readers to explain it.C．To show what his goals are. D．To compare it with a bridge.5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?______A．Doing Something Valuable B．Studying Hard and Making ProgressC．Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D．Separating Successful People from Dreams（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life. Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top. Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.6．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One?______A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.7．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two?______A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.8．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?______A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物9．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea?______A．It takes money to be successful. B．School grades aren’t everything. C．Successful people never finish school.10．What can we infer (推断) from the text?______A．Old habits die hard. B．Learning is a lifelong journey.C．Good grades always promise a successful life.（2021·陕西中考真题）Look at the Earth from space. Why does our planet look so blue? It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters of the Earth’s surface. Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too. More than half of our total body weight is water. Our body loses water whenever we exercise or go to the toilet. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day. We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops like rice and corn; factories use it to make products. Since the 1950s, the amount（数量）of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply（供应）hasn’t. Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help? Use water wisely. Having enough water isn’t our only problem. We also need it clean. Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other water-living lives. We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource（资源）.11．How many important areas of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1?______A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.12．The underlined sentence “We also need it clean” in Paragraph 4 means” ______.”A．We also need water to wash things B．We also need water that looks cleanC．We also need to keep water clean D．We also need to discover clean water13．This passage was written to ______.A．ask people to value water B．advise people to drink more waterC．introduce the uses of water D．describe the situation of water supply(2021山东日照中考真题)A few years ago, my sister in-law started to feel worried about her teenage daughter. What was she doing after school? Where was she spending her time? Her daughter was an excellent student, and took part in all kinds of after-class activities. Even so, she decided to put a tracking (跟踪) app on the kid’s phone. At first, this made my sister-in-law “feel better”. Then the good situation suddenly ended, She recalled, “I found out that she was someplace that she said she wasn’t. I went out in the middle of the night and found her walking without shoes in the middle of the street with some friends,” Things went quickly downhill for the mother and the daughter after that.With 83% of teens having their own phones now, according to a study in 2020, more and more of their parents are facing the question to watch or not?Ann Homayoun, expert from Harford University, has advised many parents and their kids about this. “I’ve found teens are more acceptable to tracking apps when it is included as part of a family agreement to improve safety than when it is placed as a secret tool to watch them,” she said. Mark Bell, a father of a teenage girl, said, “We don’t have tracking apps, but we have set some ground rules that my daughter must follow in exchange for us providing a phone,” he said. For example, his daughter must “friend” him on social media (媒体) so that he can read posts, and must share all passwords. When you’re trying to build trust, you need to create an environment that encourages it. So, to win their trust, you always need to be straight with your children, “Parents must let children know how and when they’ll be watching them,” said Doctor White. “If they're not open about it”, he warns, “it can greatly harm the parent and child relationship.”27. What’s the result of the writer’s sister-in-law using the app?A. She had more problems with her daughter. B. She kept better relationship with her daughter. C. She wasn’t worried about her daughter any more.D. She felt good with knowing her daughter’s tracks.28. What can we learn about today’s teens from Homayoun?A. They doubt family agreements.      B. They are worried about online safety.C. They dislike being watched secretly.  D. They welcome the use of tracking apps.29. Why are Mark Bell and his daughter mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To explain how to use phones safelyB. To teach how to put tracking apps on phonesC. To show the importance of being children’s friendD. To give an example of being straight with children30. What should parents do before using a tracking app according to Dr. White?A. Check the kids’ phone.B. Teach the kids how to use it. C. Make it clear to the kids.D. Make the kids open to parents.(2021辽宁铁岭、葫芦岛中考)Have you ever heard of " Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?" It tells us not to waste food.As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It's not easy to turn a seed (种子) into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No.4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the1960s, because there wasn't much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973,YuanLongping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid (杂交) rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources (资源) for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.Please value what you're eating.41. The poem tells us not to _________. A. throw food    B. waste food      C. pollute food   D. hate food42. Students from Huzhou_______ on the farm.A. sold seeds    B. grew vegetables   C. understood each other  D. experienced farming43. Chinese people ________ in the 1960s.A. had a hard life   B. died from illnesses C. had much food   D. ate a new kind of rice44. Saving food is _______ for the environment.A. good     B. bad    C. safe     D. meaningless45. The main idea of this passage is ________.A. how we should save food   B. why we should value foodC. where we can experience farming D. how we should protect the environment2022˙名校模拟（2022河北石家庄第四十中学中考模拟）There is an old Spanish saying, “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week.” How many times have we put off our dreams until tomorrow? I’d say, “Too many.” Our dreams should not, and cannot wait. We have to go for them now! Here are the reasons.Tomorrow is not promised. Nobody likes to talk about death, but the reality is that everybody is going to die at one point. None of us know the day, or the hour. So today is all we have. Let’s make the decision to go for every dream, big or small right now. Unless you take the first step, your dreams will never come true.You can dream about writing a great play, but it’s never going to happen unless you actually put the pen to paper. In other words, dreams don’t work unless you do. They require you to get your head out of the clouds, and actually do the work to make them come true. Get to it!You can’t let fear win. One of the biggest dream killers is fear. So many people could have achieved their dreams if they hadn’t been afraid. Just think about all the things you’ve wanted to do; don’t allow fear to convince (说服) you that you aren’t good enough. In the movie After Earth, Will Smith said, “Fear is not real. It is the product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” Choose not to let fear stop you from-achieving your dreams. You’ll be much happier if you go for them.Imagine how much happier you’ll be if you’re living the life you always dreamed about. The only thing that can stop you is yourself. Take control of your own happiness. Don’t keep your dreams waiting. Go for them today!24. According to Paragraph 1, why do people say tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week?A. Because tomorrow never ends.B. Because people often put off what they should do today until tomorrow.C. Because people often do what they should do right now.D. Because our dreams can wait till tomorrow.25. If July wants to be a great writer in the future, what should she do?A. Keep thinking and never start writing. B. Be afraid of making mistakes.C. Put the pen to paper and keep practicing. D. Keep the dream waiting.26. What is the best title for this passage?A. Your Dream Needs Your First Step B. Don’t Let Fear Stop YouC. Fear Is Not Real D. Don’t Keep Your Dream Waiting（2022·河北石家庄·中考模拟）Suppose that you have some free time to kill. There is an enjoyable short video to watch and an interesting 1,000-word article to read. You can only choose one of the two. Which one will you pick?Perhaps the video will be your choice. Over the past few years, watching videos online has become a part of many people’s daily lives. The number of people who read long articles patiently has been cut down. Some people fear that videos will one day take the place of text. But in my opinion, this isn’t going to happen.Videos can in fact help us learn new information more quickly. However, can they help us fully learn about the ancient world? Many historical stories were recorded using only texts. Only through the reading of these texts can we truly and fully learn about what happened during the ancient world and the knowledge people had got.Short videos are a type of “instant culture”. They come into and leave our minds like flying cars. Often, we can’t help looking for the second video at once after we’ve finished watching one. But can we always remember and understand the contents (内容) of these videos? When we read a long article patiently, we often pay close attention to the contents. What’s more, texts allow us to use our imagination, while videos don’t.In a word, videos might change the way people learn about the world and the way they make themselves happy, but texts will never be replaced. Texts are like immortal (不朽的) stars which shine from the past to the future.12．Why does the writer think people will choose to watch a short video?A．The 1,000-word article is not interesting at all.B．Watching videos takes up too much time.C．Fewer people can patiently read long articles.D．Videos have taken the place of texts.13．How can people fully learn about the ancient world according to the writer?A．By reading texts. B．By using imagination.C．By watching videos. D．By talking with old people.14．What does the underlined word “instant” mean?A．Slow. B．Quick. C．Small. D．Big.15．What is the writer trying to do in the passage?A．To give advice. B．To ask for help.C．To express feelings. D．To show ideas.16．Which of the following can be the best title?A．Texts Will Never Be Replaced B．Texts—a Way to Learn about PastC．Videos Are Enjoyable and Popular D．Videos—the Best to Kill Free Time（2022山东济宁金乡中考模拟）On October 16, the ministry of education（教育部） said that all high school entrance exams (中考）should include fine arts testing by 2022. And 12 cities in six provinces have started the practice. The scores change from 10 to 40 points. This news has caused heated discussion. What will it mean for students? We invited two teenagers to share their ideas. Zhao Xin, 14, Beijing I’m in junior 2. we have a music class and a drawing class every week. Sometimes, the teachers show us movies about famous painters or musicians, telling their encouraging life stories. Studying music or fine arts is never a stress to me and the tests are only about what we’ve learned in class. What’s more, we have open-book exams in my school. Most of my classmates will get over 90 out of 100 points. I don’t think these subjects will be too difficult if they’re included in the high school entrance exams.Zhao Hanfang, 15, YunnanI study in a village school. Our school doesn’t have separate music and art classroom. Every Friday, students from several classes will have music class in our library hall. With so many students, the teachers can’t check everyone’s singing in each class. It’s really hard for tone-deaf(五音不全） people like me to remember the melodies(旋律). So I need to do extra practice before the test, and I feel worried. So if music is included in the high school entrance exams, I might be under much pressure.16. According to the ministry of education, what should all high school entrance exams include by 2022 ?A. P.E. testing. B. Computer testing.C. Fine arts testing. D. Spoken English testing.17. From Paragraph 3, we know that _____________.A. Studying music or fine arts is a very big stress to Zhao XinB. Zhao Xin and his classmates can get good grades in the examsC. Zhao Xin’s teachers show them some movies about famous actorsD. The tests about fine arts are not about what they’ve learned in class18. How does Zhao Hanfang feel if music is included in the high school entrance exams?A. Good. B. Relaxed. C. Stressed. D. Surprised.（2022·福建省福州延安中学中考模拟）If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys.Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, there are too many products in pink in the market. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make right decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.Vanessa Holburn is a mother of two girls who are under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. “Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong. I want my daughters to be strong. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,” she says.But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. “People forget that things change all the time,” he says. “My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.” Turner says that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes any more. “This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,” he adds.1．Which of the following best shows the structure(结构) of the text?A． B． C． D．2．Parents choose pink clothes for their little daughter because ________.A．their daughter loves pink clothes B．there are too many pink clothes in the marketC．they think their daughter looks cute in pink D．their daughter can not make right decisions by herself3．Vanessa Holburn would like her daughters to be ________.A．cute B．soft C．polite D．strong4．According to Grayson Turner, ________.A．parents needn’t worry about pink toys B．all little kids love the color pinkC．pink has always been a color for girls D．his girls now prefer the color pink5．The purpose of this text is to ________.A．show why girls are crazy about the color pink B．make parents less worried about the color pinkC．encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys D．show people’s different opinions about the color pink（2022·福建泉州·中考模拟）If you are a kid who enjoys playing video games, you must have argued with your parents at least once about the impact (影响) of gaming. Your parents might say that video games are bad for you. They may worsen your eyes, lower your academic performance, and could lead to health problems. As a kid, you probably argue that video games allow you to socialize with your friends, improve your coordination (协调) and memory, and even give you a way to make money through streaming platforms. Could you both be right?One study of game players showed that 35 percent of high school and college students have missed school or work because of games. Some other studies have shown that playing video games leads to poor concentration (注意力) in school or at work. In my seventh—grade science fair study, elementary and high school kids playing games had lower test accuracy slower reflexes (条件反射), less pain awareness (意识), and lower response times to threatening (造成威胁的) sounds during and after having played video games.On the other hand, a study conducted by Cheryl Olson interviewed 1,000 public school students and found that video games can help kids develop problem—solving skills, make friends, show leadership, and spark creativity. They can also be highly educational, because some games involve problem—solving skills or teach things like history, geography, or culture.So, I bet you're wondering… should I play video games or not? Who is right?I think kids and parents can both win this argument. How? Most of the negative impacts of video games happen when kids play for too long, so play moderately. Here's how to do that.First, talk with your parents and take breaks from your gaming to help around the house or to get some fresh air. Second, try to find video games that are both fun and educational. Third, if you wear a headset to play, take it off every few minutes or leave one ear free so you can hear your surroundings. Fourth, there are also many games that get you up out of your seat. Finally, find some games that you can play with your parents, and you just might surprise them with how enjoyable they are. They may end up having more fun than you!What do you think? Are the good things about video games enough to outweigh the bad?6．What's the main idea of paragraph 1?A．The reasons why playing games is bad for kids.B．Parents and kids hold different opinions towards video games.C．Playing games can cause arguments between parents and their children.D．A story about kids arguing with their parents about playing video games.7．Cheryl Olson's study is mentioned to _______.A．express the author's attitude towards playing video gamesB．present most public school students like playing video gamesC．show the positive impact playing video games can haveD．share the findings of the latest research about video games8．According to the text, what are the disadvantages video games bring to kids?①They may cause harm to kids' eyesight.②They may make kids difficult to focus on study.③They may damage kids' coordination and memory.④They may put kids in danger because of less response time.A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．①②③④9．The author is most likely to support ___________.A．playing educational games without breaks       B．always wearing a headset when playing gamesC．remaining seated the whole time while playing   D．playing active games which parents can take part in10．What would be the best title for the text?A．Is playing video games good or bad?            B．How to choose the best video games?C．Why does playing games impact kids, health?     D．Are the good things enough to outweigh the bad?