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北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs完美版课件ppt
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SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
What d yu think are the mst imprtant inventins r discveries f the 20th century? Can yu name a few inventrs? What makes them great?
premier scientist pineers f the 20th century t be cmmitted t t be inspired by t be prpsed by t imprve the quality f human life
Read the text abut sme f the pineers in science during the 20th century. What discveries are mentined? Wh made them?
If yu had t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century，yu wuld have a real prblem n yur hands. In just 100 years，the wrld has changed cmpletely. Amazing discveries were made in medicine，cmmunicatins and transprt，nt t mentin ur knwledge f the wrld and space. Medical advances ranged frm discvering the causes f diseases under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with dnated nes. Cmmunicatins changed with the intrductin f mbile phnes，and the way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. We started flying arund the wrld，launching satellites int rbit and，at the same time，scientists figured ut hw t split the atm，previusly thught t be the smallest particle f matter in the universe.Althugh it is impssible t chse the mst imprtant discvery，it is pssible t single ut a few pineers f the 20th century. Here are sme f them.
One f the 20th century’s premier scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer f 1905，this utspken yung man was rcking his ne-year-ld baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently, “E = mc²” was brn. It shwed hw a small piece f mass culd prduce an unbelievable amunt f energy. Einstein then shwed in his “thery f relativity” that nt even time，mass r length are cnstant—they change accrding t ur experience f them.In 1929，anther imprtant finding was made by bilgist Alexander Fleming. Befre he went n hliday，Fleming left a dish f bacteria in his labratry. When he came back，he nticed smething strange. He duble-checked and saw a blue muld in the dish arund which the bacteria had been destryed. This blue muld was in fact the natural frm f penicillin，which Fleming perceived culd be used t kill bacteria. A few years later，penicillin was being mass-prduced and helping t save the lives f millins. Fleming remained humble abut the amazing utcme f his discvery. “Nature made penicillin,” he said, I just fund it.”During Wrld War Ⅱ，when Fleming’s discvery was first helping t cure peple，the US Navy was lking fr ways f imprving the accuracy f their missiles. The navy turned t Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist，t deal with the prblem and prduce a machine t d the jb in a jint effrt.
Althugh they nly finished after the war in 1946，it did nt matter. This huge machine was the wrld’s first cmputer，but it was nthing like ur cmputers tday. It measured 100 feet lng by ver 10 feet high and weighed ver 30，000 kilgrams. With 18，000 tubes，thusands f circuits and 6，000 switches，it used s much energy that when it was turned n，the lights in the lcal twn went ut!With the develpment f cmputers，peple expected t get mre things dne efficiently. During the Cld War，a “huge netwrk” f cmputers was prpsed by tw American scientists. With cmputers talking t ne anther，it wuld enable gvernment leaders t cmmunicate with each ther. By the end f the 1960s，sme mini-netwrks were established，but nly a few cmputers culd cnnect t them. In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the Wrld Wide Web，which enabled cmputers all ver the wrld t cmmunicate with each ther. Nwadays，life withut the Internet fr mst peple is unimaginable.These pineers f the 20th century were all dedicated t imprving the quality f human life n Earth. Human life n this planet has been transfrmed int a “glbal village”，with all the different cuntries linked in the chain f cmmn interests. There is n dubt abut it. Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy，whether lucky r planned，the wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely different place.
Match the discveries r inventins（1-4 ）with hw they came abut
1 E = mc2 2 penicillin 3 the first cmputer 4 the Internet
a there was a lucky accident b scientists wrked tgether as a team c different scientists wrked n it fr many years d a scientist was inspired
Grup Wrk Find infrmatin abut hw the fllwing things wereinvented/discvered. Organise the infrmatin in yur wn way. Then
Write T （true），F （false）r NI （n infrmatin）in brackets. （ ）1 It is nt easy t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century. （ ）2 An atm is the smallest particle f matter. （ ）3 Einstein was at wrk when he thught f the equatin “E = mc2”. （ ）4 Einstein participated in the prgramme that develped the nuclear bmb. （ ）5 Einstein bserved changes in time，size and mass. （ ）6 Fleming had been studying bacteria in his labratry when the discvery happened. （ ）7 Fleming develped the prcess f making penicillin. （ ）8 The first cmputer prject failed t meet its riginal gal. （ ）9 The first cmputer was extremely difficult t prgramme. （ ）10 Cmputers culd nt cnnect t each ther befre 1990.
T F F NI T F NI T NI F
Grup Wrk Think and share. Which discvery r inventin mentined in the text has been the mst imprtant s far? Why? 2 Which discvery r inventin will mst influence the future? Why? 3 Hw did the writer cnnect the paragraphs? Circle the signal wrds r phrases.
Line 12： are sme f them. Line 15：One f the 20th century’s premier scientists was... Line 24： imprtant finding... Line 34 ： Fleming’ s discvery was... Line 49：With the develpment f cmputers... Line 57：These pineers...
Grup Wrk Each member writes a shrt summary abut ne f the discveries r inventins frm the fllwing aspects. Then share with ther members. The whle grup wrks tgether t edit the summaries befre putting them tgether t make a pster.
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frm f the wrds belw.
rbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific micrscpe inventr bilgist
I really dn’t knw what I want t d when I leave schl. My dad is a cmputer engineer wrking n the imprvement f the 1 f the Navy’s 2 . I wuld like t fllw in his ftsteps，but then I’d have t sit in frnt f a cmputer all day. My mum is a 3 ，but it seems t me that all she des is lking at bacteria thrugh a 4 . All that stuff abut 5 findings that save peple’s lives is pretty interesting，but I think I might be mre interested in studying medicine. But then again，my uncle is a scientist and he is always talking abut 6____________ satellites int 7 . I find this very exciting. I knw what I want t be! I culdbe an 8 ! I culd cme up with hundreds f inventins that will 9_________ peple t live better lives. dn’t think there’s a university curse fr inventrs.Maybe I shuld just find ut what I really like first.
scientific
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE:ADJECTIVES
Cmplete the sentences with adjectives frm the text.
Wrd Builder
Adjectives If yu had t chse the mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century... 2 way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending messages. 3 is t single ut a few pineers f the 20th century. yung man was rcking his baby when he was suddenly inspired. 5 In 1929，anther finding was made by... wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely place.
utspken ne-year-ld
Activity 10
Study the sentences in Activity 9. Answer the questins. If there is mre than ne adjective befre a nun，what is the rder f the adjectives?2 What wrds can be used t mdify adjectives? 3 Find sme cmpund adjectives. Hw are they frmed? 4 Which f the adjectives are cmparable adjectives? Which are nn-cmparable adjectives?
If there is mre than ne adjective befre a nun，pinin adjectives usually g befre fact adjectives.
Adverbs can mdify adjectives.
Fr example，“ne-year-ld” and“strng-willed”are cmpund adjectives. They are frmed when tw r mre adjectives are jined tgether by ne r mre hyphens.
Adjectives that shw quality， pinin，size，shape r clur are cmparable. Adjectives that shw quantity，number，natinality r material are nn-cmparable.
Activity 11
Search nline t find the majr discveries and inventins f the 21th century. Which d yu think is the mst imprtant? Why?
EXPRESS YOURSELF
Language pints
教材原句p.52 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 科学突破1 scientific adj. 科学（上）的a scientific discvery科学发现 scientific knwledge科学知识 The scientific innvatin is beneficial t the whle factry. 科学创新对全厂都有益。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 scientist n. 科学家 science n. 科学 scientifically adv. 科学（上）地The scientists have made great scientific breakthrughs in the field f science. 科学家们在科学领域取得了重大的科学突破。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］The （science）is gifted in innvatin and has made great cntributins t ur cuntry. （2）［词汇复现］We have fund further （science）evidence fr this thery. （3） Hwever，this entire cnceptin is （science） inaccurate. （4） In general， （science）dn’t have much free time as （science） research takes almst all their time.
scientifically
scientists scientific
教材原句p.52 Amazing discveries were made in medicine， cmmunicatins and transprt，nt t mentin ur knwledge f the wrld and space. 医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。2 nt t mentin 更不用说He knws French and German，nt t mentin English. 他熟悉法语和德语，更不用说英语了。He knws little abut the technique，nt t mentin making innvatin in it. 他对这项技术知之甚少，更不用说对它创新了。［词汇复现］ We can’t affrd a car，nt t mentin the fact that we have n garage. 我们买不起汽车，更不用说我们没有车库的事实了。【词语积累】 近义词组：let alne The baby can’t even sit up yet，let alne walk. 这个婴儿甚至都不会坐，更不用说走了。
完成句子（1） He has tw big huses in this cuntry， （更不用说） his apartment in France. （2） It’s t far t walk， （更不用说）the fact that it’ll prbably be clsed by nw anyway. 翻译句子（3） Pllutin has a negative effect n the health f everyne living in the city，nt t mentin the damage t the envirnment. ______________________________________________________________________________
nt t mentin
nt t mentin
污染对生活在这个城市里的每个人的健康都有负面影响，更不用说对环境的破坏了。
原句p.52 Medical advances ranged frm discvering the causes f diseases under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with dnated nes. 医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠的器官置换病变的器官。3 range frm A t B 包括从A 到B 之间的各类事物She has had a number f different temprary jbs，ranging frm chef t swimming instructr. 她做过许多不同的临时性工作，从厨师到游泳教练。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 range between A and B 在A 和B 之间变化 a range f 一系列within/in range（f sth） 在（……）可及的范围内 ut f range（f sth） 超出（……）范围The prices f the trusers here range between 30 yuan and 1，300 yuan. 这里裤子的价格从 30 元到 1 300 元不等。The cat stayed well ut f range f the children. 这只猫离孩子们远远的。
单句语法填空（1） The natinal park has a large cllectin f wildlife， （range）frm butterflies t elephants. （2） It is stated in the reprt that the age f the applicants shuld range frm 21 23. （3） Estimates f the damage range between $1 millin $5 millin. 完成句子（4） Take it easy! Yur bld pressure is well （在正常范围内）. （5）［词汇复现］The prices f the bread in this bakery_________________________________ （在5 元到20 元之间）. （6） The cat is （我买不起）.
within/in the nrmal range
range between 5 yuan and 20 yuan /range frm 5 yuan t 20 yuan
ut f my price range
4 dnate vi. & vt. 捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献 将……捐赠给…… 搭配：dnate bld 献血dnate rgans 捐献器官He dnated a large sum f mney t help the rphans. 他捐了一大笔钱来帮助那些孤儿。［词汇复现］ Every year we dnate many bks t the children in the remte muntainus area. 每年我们都捐赠很多书给偏远山区的孩子们。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 dnatin n. 捐赠物；捐赠make a dnatin t 向……捐赠dnr n. 捐赠者近义词：cntribute（只能表示捐献财物，不表示献血或捐献器官）
单句语法填空（1） The schlmaster urged that we shuld dnate sme bks the children in the pr area. （2） He made a generus （dnate）t the charity. （3） All the （dnate）mney will be used t help the hmeless children. 完成句子（4） The retired man （把他的大部分积蓄捐给了）the schls damaged by the earthquake. （5）［词汇复现］The children in the strm-stricken area shwed their appreciatin fr the mney and gds we （向他们捐献）in their letters.
dnated mst f his savings t
had dnated t them
教材原句p.52 way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. ……我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。5 crrespnd vi. 通信；符合，一致，相对应；相当于crrespnd with sb 与某人通信搭配crrespnd t/with 与……相符crrespnd t 相当于 Althugh he stays abrad alne，he frequently crrespnds with his friends.尽管他独自一人待在国外，但是他常和他的朋友们通信。［词汇复现］His actins d nt crrespnd t/with his wrds.他言行不一致。The functin f this machine crrespnds t that f the human brain.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。【词语积累】 crrespnding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
单句语法填空（1）We’ve crrespnded each ther by email fr years. （2） Prfits have risen by 15 per cent cmpared with the （crrespnd）perid last year. 完成句子（3） She still （和……通信） friends she met in Majrca nine years ag. （4） The American Cngress （相当于）the British Parliament. （5）［词汇复现］The result f the scientific experiment desn’t （与……相符） what we predicted.
crrespnding
crrespnds with
crrespnds t
crrespnd t/with
6 instant （1）adj. 立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的instant cffee 速溶咖啡 instant ndles 方便面I felt instant relief after taking a cuple f tablets. 服用了几片药以后我立即感到轻松了。（2）n.［C］瞬间，片刻；某一时刻 the instant（that） 一……就……（相当于as sn as） 搭配fr an instant 一瞬间（指动作持续的时间） in an instant 立即，马上（指动作不久将发生） I recgnised her the instant（that）I saw her. 我一眼就认出她来了。 He frze with shck fr an instant. 刹那间他惊呆了。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 instantly adv. 立即；马上；即刻She is gifted in picking up a tune instantly n the pian. 她很有天赋，听到曲子就能马上用钢琴弹出来。［词汇复现］ He gt int a panic instantly he saw smke rising frm his rm. 他看到他的房间里冒出了烟，顿时惊慌起来。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） The birds flew away in all directins instant they caught sight f a man cming near. （2） These bys and girls jumped with jy （instant）the chairman annunced the result f the game. （3） ［词汇复现］The representatives f the interna-tinal cmpany will arrive an instant and we shuld get prepared t greet them. （4）［词汇复现］He std there an instant and then made up his mind t dnate bld t the pr by. 完成句子（5） The shw was （立即成功了）.
an instant success
教材原句p.52 We started flying arund the wrld，launching satellites int rbit... 我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道…… 7 launch v. （1）发射；发动，发起，开始从事；使（船，尤指新船）下水launch a cmmunicatins satellite 发射通信卫星 launch an investigatin 开始调查launch an attack 发起攻击 launch a natinal campaign against smking 发起一场全国性的禁烟运动Anther Chinese designed and built ship was recently launched. 又一艘中国设计制造的船最近下水了。（2）（首次）上市，发行He tk advantage f his sprting backgrund t launch a new brand f sprtswear. 他利用他的体育背景推出了一种新品牌的运动服。The cmpany launched an investigatin int the market demand and decided t launch their new prduct. 这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。
单句语法填空（1） The new mdel will （launch）in July. （2）［词汇复现］With an instant campaign （launch）at midnight last night，thse peple in the htel were arrested. 完成句子（3） The rganisatin has （发起一场活动）t raise mney. （4） The plice are planning t （开始调查）int the murder. （5） He （创办了一个企业）when he was 30 years ld. （6） We （发射了另一颗卫星）last mnth.
be launched
launched a campaign
launch an investigatin
launched a business
launched anther satellite
教材原句p.52 figured ut hw t split the atm... ……科学家们发现了如何分裂原子…… 8 figure ut 计算出；弄清楚，理解He culdn’t figure ut all the mney he invested in his sn’s cmpany. 他已经算不出他在他儿子的公司投入了多少钱。［词汇复现］ I have figured ut the prcedure f cmplaint. 我已弄清楚投诉的程序了。［词汇复现］ I simply culdn’t figure ut his reslutin. 我简直揣摩不透他的决定。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 figure n. （绘画或故事中的）人，动物；塑像；人物；人影；身材；数字； 图形；（书中的）图，表a leading/key/central figure 领军/ 关键/ 核心人物 a tall figure in a hat 一个戴帽子的高个子人影 keep ne’s figure 保持身材 a five-sided figure 五边形She has a gd figure. 她身材很好。 The figure f the figures n shw is 108. 正在展出的雕像数是 108。The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter. 画中间那个人物是画家的女儿。
完成句子（1） If yu dn’t understand，yu may research， study，and talk t ther peple until yu （弄清楚它）. （2）［词汇复现］He hasn’t （弄明白该如何）be prductive in the ffice. 写出下列句子中figure 的含义（3）［词汇复现］She instantly revealed her secret f keeping her figure t me. ___________ （4） Tsinghua University is hme t a great number f utstanding figures. ___________ （5） By last mnth，this figure had risen t 14 millin. ___________（6） Last night he saw tw dark figures enter the building. ___________
figure it ut
figured ut hw t
教材原句p.52 Subsequently，“E=mc2”was brn. 随后，“E=mc2”诞生了。9 subsequently adv. 后来，随后（近义词later；afterwards） The riginal interview ntes were subsequently lst. 采访记录原稿后来丢失了。Subsequently，new guidelines were released t all surgens. 随后，新的准则发放给了所有外科医生。［词汇复现］ The bk was subsequently translated int 15 languages. 这本书后来被翻译成了15 种语言。【词语积累】 subsequent adj. 随后的；随着发生的 Develpments n this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent reprt. 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Althugh he （subsequent） became a successful businessman，he never frgt the bitter days when he had picked up smething t eat in the garbage. （2） He said he was a dctr，but it （subsequent）turned ut that he was a cheat. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］ （他们后来听说）he had made a great scientific breakthrugh.
subsequently
They subsequently heard
教材原句p.52 Einstein then shwed in his “thery f relativity” that nt even time，mass r length are cnstant... 爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的…… 10 cnstant （1）adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的a cnstant stream f visitrs 络绎不绝的游客 keep in cnstant cntact with sb 一直与某人保持联系travel at a cnstant speed 以恒定速度行驶The cnstant frictin between the yung cuple finally caused divrce. 这对年轻夫妻之间经常的冲突最终导致了离婚。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 常量，恒量，常数The speed f light is an imprtant cnstant. 光速是一个重要的常数。【词语积累】 cnstantly adv. 始终；一直；重复不断地 cnstancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变It is annying that the directin f the wind is cnstantly changing. 风向一直变化，真烦人。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］We are （cnstant） wrking t imprve access t the gallery and its cllectins displayed. （2）［词汇复现］Scientists are （cnstant） develping new technlgy and they make scientific breakthrughs frm time t time. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］I am fed up with his （没完没了的抱怨）. （4） In ur wrld nthing （似乎是永恒不变的）. （5）［词汇复现］The Frbidden City appeals t （络绎不绝的游客）every day，especially during natinal hlidays.
cnstant cmplaints
seems cnstant
a cnstant stream f visitrs
教材原句p.53 This blue muld was in fact the natural frm f penicillin，which Fleming perceived culd be used t kill bacteria. 这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。11 perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉；认为搭配perceive... as/t be... 认为……是…… perceive that... 注意到…… We can perceive his srrw and annyance by the lks n his face. 我们从他脸上的表情可以察觉出他的悲伤和气愤。［词汇复现］ Indeed，this prblem is greater than yu may perceive. 确实，这个问题远大于你所能感知到的。They perceive televisin as entertainment. 他们将电视视为娱乐。［词汇复现］ Adults learn what they perceive t be beneficial in their life situatins. 成年人学习他们认为对其生活处境有帮助的东西。［词汇复现］ 【误区警示】 perceive 不能用于进行时态。
单句语法填空（1） Often what （perceive）t be aggressive is simply fear. 完成句子（2） Children wh d badly in schl tests ften ____________________________________ （认为自己是失败者）. （3）［词汇复现］Nbdy seemed t （注意到）the by shuld answer vilence with vilence. （4） That mrning，he （注意到变化）in Franca’s md.
is perceived
perceive themselves as/t be failures
perceive that
perceived a change
教材原句p.53 Fleming remained humble abut the amazing utcme f his discvery. 弗莱明对他这一发现的惊人结果保持谦虚的态度。12 utcme n. 结果，后果N ne culd have predicted the final utcme. 谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。The utcme is still far frm clear. 结果还很不明朗。【归纳拓展】 v. + adv. → n.（由动词短语转化而来的合成名词） break dwn 出故障 → breakdwn n. 故障break ut 爆发 → utbreak n. 爆发put ut 生产，输出 → utput n. 产量，输出量cme in 进来 → incme n. 收入Always carry yur tlbx in case yur car has a breakdwn n the mtrway. 总是带着工具箱，以防汽车在高速公路上抛锚。The research prject was put ff because f the utbreak f the war. 由于战争的爆发，这个研究项目被延期了。
完成句子（1） It was impssible t （预测结果）f the electin. （2）［词汇复现］Subsequently，the bilgists are cnfident f （一个成功的结果）. 选词填空（breakdwn/utbreak/incme/ut-cme） （3） He said peple will be the winner，whatever the . （4） The frm visitrs makes the museum self-supprting. （5） He is ptimistic that the gvernment will be able t manage the f the virus effectively. （6）［词汇复现］The in talks represents a temprary setback in the peace prcess.
predict the utcme
a successful utcme
教材原句p.53 With the develpment f cmputers，peple expected t get mre things dne efficiently. 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。13 efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地We can arrange time efficiently and knw hw lng a single task will take. 我们可以有效地安排时间，并知道每项任务要花费多长时间。T wrk mre efficiently，the representative has adpted a different apprach. 为了工作更有效率，那个代表采用了一种不同的方法。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 efficient adj. 效率高的 the efficient use f energy 能源的有效利用fuel-efficient cars 节能汽车 efficiency n. 效率 with efficiency 高效地Learning by ding may nt be efficient，but it is effective. 边做边学可能效率不高，但却很有效。It didn’t say much fr their efficiency that the rder arrived a week late. 订货晚到了一个星期，可见他们的效率难以恭维。
单句语法填空（1） She was very （efficiency）in reducing waste. （2）［词汇复现］His scientific innvatin has greatly increased the wrk ___________ （efficient）. （3） Yu shuld exercise mre s as t keep energetic and yu can wrk （efficient）. （4） I was impressed by the efficiency which she handled the crisis. （5）［词汇复现］Peple have figured ut hw t use water mre （efficient）in rder nt t waste water. 完成句子（6） （能源效率）can play a vital rle in reducing pllutin.
efficiency
efficiently
Energy efficiency
教材原句p.53 During the Cld War，a“huge netwrk”f cmputers was prpsed by tw American scientists. 冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。14 prpse vt. 提出（某观点、方法等） sth 搭配：prpse ding sth that 从句（谓语动词用“shuld+ 动词原形”，shuld 可省略） He reslutely prpses investing in the prperty market. = He reslutely prpses investment in the prperty market. =He reslutely prpses that they shuld invest in the prperty market. 他坚决提议投资房地产市场。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 prpsal n. 提议；建议make/submit/accept/reject a prpsal 提出/ 提交/ 接受/ 拒绝一项提议
【学法点拨】 （1）prpsal 后的同位语从句或者表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用 shuld d，其中shuld 可以省略。At last，he turned dwn my prpsal that we shuld invest mre mney in the factry in the cuntryside. 最后，他拒绝了我提出的增加农村工厂投资的建议。［词汇复现］ （2）v. +-al 构成抽象名词 survive v. → survival n. 幸存 remve v. → remval n. 移动arrive v. → arrival n. 到达 refuse v. → refusal n. 拒绝prpse v. → prpsal n. 建议 apprve v. → apprval n. 赞成
单句语法填空（1） The engineer prpsed （inquire） abut train times befre setting ff. （2） The （prpse） made by Mike is quite reasnable. （3） Varius （prpse）were put frward by the emplyees fr increasing sales. （4）［词汇复现］The mnitr prpsed last night that we （launch）an activity aimed at studying mre efficiently. 一句多译（5） 他们提议建造一个新的机场。a. ______________________________________________b. ______________________________________________c. ______________________________________________同义句转换（6） In terms f the bad weather，we prpse starting early tmrrw. → In terms f the bad weather，we prpse _______________________________________ tmrrw.
（shuld） launch
They prpsed building a new airprt.
They prpsed the building f a new airprt.
They prpsed that a new airprt（shuld）be built.
an early start/ that we（shuld）start early
重点句式 教材原句p.52 the same time，scientists figured ut hw t split the atm. ..…同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子1 疑问词+ 动词不定式Hw t increase the wrk efficiency is very imprtant. 如何提高工作效率非常重要。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 （1）可用于该结构的疑问词 疑问代词：wh，whm，what，which；疑问副词：when，where，hw； 疑问词：whether （ 2）常接该结构的动词：knw，see，decide，tell，ask，cnsider， explain，learn，wnder 等。（3）该结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。When t decrate the huse hasn’t been decided. 什么时候装修房子还不确定。（作主语） They didn’t decide whether t tell the ld lady the news. 他们没有决定是否告诉那位老太太这个消息。（作宾语） The questin is hw t take apart the machine. 问题是如何拆卸这台机器。（作表语）
完成句子（1）Twenty students want t attend the class that aims t teach （如何 快速阅读）. （2） （何时何地投票）hasn’t been decided. （3）—It’s n use having ideas nly. — Dn’t wrry. Peter can shw yu （如何将想法转 变为行动）. 单句语法填空（4）We haven’t decided wh （search） fr the missing painting. （5）［词汇复现］When （launch）the campaign will be determined by hw well we get prepared.
hw t read fast
When and where t vte
hw t turn an idea int an act
教材原句p.53 Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy，whether lucky r planned，the wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely different place. 如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，as引导方式状语从句；其中Withut the breakthrughs... 为含蓄虚拟条件，相当于if 引导的虚拟条 件句。2 含蓄虚拟条件有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过 if 条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 withut，with，but，but fr，therwise，r 等，或通过上下文暗示。Withut yur advice，I wuld have failed. 没有你的忠告，我早就失败了。But fr yur help，I wuldn’t have made such a great scientific breakthrugh. 要不是你的帮助，我不会有一个这么大的科学突破。［词汇复现］ He was ill yesterday. Otherwise，he wuld have dnated bld t the pr girl. 他昨天病了，否则他就会给那个可怜的女孩献血了。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）Withut his wartime experiences，Hemingway wuldn’t （write）A Farewell t Arms. （2）Withut yur help，we wuld （run）ut f petrl halfway. （3）［词汇复现］I culd have gne thrugh bitter days yur generus help. （4） We lst ur way in that small village. Otherwise，we （visit）mre places f interest yesterday. （5） But fr renewable energy，there （be）mre envirnmental prblems. 同义句转换（6） If there were n air，there wuldn’t be living things in the wrld nw. → ，there wuldn’t be living things in the wrld nw.
have written
wuld have visited
Withut air
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE：ADJECTIVES
单元语法 形容词1 形容词的概念（ 1）形容词表示事物的形状、性质和状态等。如大、高、认真、生动、 美丽、精明、可爱、冰凉、初级、高级、简单、复杂等。（ 2）形容词是一种主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词的词类，可以用 来表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。（ 3）形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词有比较等级
2 形容词的句法功能（1）作定语（前置定语或后置定语） He has wrked as a teacher in a remte area since he graduated frm cllege. 他大学毕业后一直在偏远地区当老师。［词汇复现］（remte 作area 的定语） He is the happiest persn alive. 他是世上最快乐的人。（若语境需要， alive，alike，alne 等表语形容词可用于名词后作后置定语） D yu have anything imprtant t tell me?你有什么重要的事情要 告诉我吗？（形容词修饰复合不定代词，作后置定语） That is the best bk available. 那是可用的书中最好的一本。（以 -able 或-ble 结尾的形容词可作前面有形容词最高级或the nly 等修饰的名词的后置定语） This is a bk suitable fr children. 这是一本适合孩子们的图书。 （形容词短语作后置定语）
（2）作表语His suggestins are very valuable. 他的建议很有价值。 He felt ashamed f what he had dne t his friend. 他为自己对朋友所做的事感到羞愧。［词汇复现］ （3）作宾语补足语I cnsider his suggestin very valuable. 我认为他的建议很有价值。I find it annying when a fly is flying arund. 我觉得苍蝇飞来飞去很 烦人。［词汇复现］（annying 作宾补，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句）
3 合成形容词的构成（1）副词+ 分词，如：hard-wrking 勤劳的（2）名词+ 过去分词，如：man-made 人造的（3）名词+ 现在分词，如：time-cnsuming 耗时的（4）名词+ 形容词，如：wrld-famus 世界闻名的（5）数词+ 名词，如：five-star 五星级的（6）数词+ 名词-ed，如：three-legged 三条腿的（7）数词+ 名词+ 形容词，如：five-year-ld 5 岁的（8）形容词+ 过去分词，如：ready-made 现成的（9）形容词+ 名词-ed，如：kind-hearted 好心的（10）形容词+ 现在分词，如：rdinary-lking 相貌一般的（11）形容词+ 形容词，如：red-ht 炽热的
4 形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则（1）一般加-er 或-est strng—strnger—strngest （2）以字母e 结尾的词只加 -r 或-st late—later—latest （ 3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后再 加-er 或-est ht—htter—httest big—bigger—biggest （4）以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的单词，将y 变为i，再加-er 或-est ugly—uglier—ugliest early—earlier—earliest （5）多音节词和部分双音节词，在其前加mre 或mst enthusiastic—mre enthusiastic—mst enthusiastic （6）不规则变化单独记忆
【学法点拨】 （1）词尾为“元音字母+y”时，y 不变，直接加-er 或-est。（ 2）有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er 和 -le 结尾的词，可以有两种比 较级和最高级形式。clever—cleverer/ mre clever—cleverest/mst clever （3）一些合成形容词的比较等级gd-lking—better-lking/mre gd-lking—best-lking/mst gd-lking ld-fashined—lder-fashined/mre ld-fashined—ldest-fashined/ mst ld-fashined （ 4）有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没 有比较级和最高级。如：right 正确的，wrng 错误的，excellent 极好的，final 最后的，pssible 可能的，east 东方的，empty 空的，wden 木制的，favurite 最喜欢的，impssible 不可能的。
5 构成形容词的常见后缀（1）名词+-al：cultural，glbal，industrial （2）名词+-ic：scientific （3）名词+-ish：flish，childish （4）名词+-ful：peaceful，helpful （5）名词+-less：careless，hmeless （6）名词+-ary：revlutinary （7）名词+-en：wden，glden （8）名词+-y：rainy，snwy，windy，healthy
（9）名词+-us：dangerus，humrus （10）动词+-ive：attractive，impressive （11）动词+-ed：excited，surprised，annyed （12）动词+-ing：exciting，surprising，annying （13）动词/ 名词+-able/-ible：accessible，reliable （14）动词/ 名词+-sme：trublesme （15）动词/ 名词+-ant/-ent：pleasant，different， cnvenient
写出下列单词的形容词形式（1） practice ___________ （2） nature ___________ （3） energy ___________ （4） wnder ___________ （5） end ___________ （6） west ___________ （7） prduct ___________ （8） sleep ___________
（9）reasn ___________ （10）gift ___________ （11）distance ___________ （12）cmfrt ___________ （13）pisn ___________ （14）please ___________ （15）nise ___________
reasnable gifted distant cmfrtable pisnus pleased/pleasing/pleasant nisy
practical natural energetic wnderful endless western prductive sleepy
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级（16）slim _________________________ （17）thin _________________________ （18）bad _______________________（19）imprtant _________________________（20）gd _________________________（21）well-knwn _________________________（22）small _________________________（23）happy _________________________（24）annying _________________________（25）far _________________________
slimmer；slimmest thinner；thinnest wrse； wrst mre imprtant；mst imprtant better； best better-knwn；best-knwn smaller， smallest happier；happiest mre annying；mst annying farther/further；farthest/furthest
单句语法填空（26）The Wallace giant bee is the wrld’s （large）bee，with a bdy the size f a human thumb and wings that can spread t abut 2.5 inches. （27）［词汇复现］He is a little weak in all his subjects but he is （gift）in dancing and singing. （28）The dctr explained the situatin t her little brther，and asked the little by if he wuld be （will）t give his bld t his sister. （29）“We are nw thinking abut develpment， allwing the paintings t be mre ___________ （create），”he said. （30）It is ne f the mst （amaze） TV shws frm an artistic pint f view. （31）In the mvie Cc，fr instance，the 12-year-ld Miguel and his family dance and sing t celebrate the Day f the Dead，a （traditin）festival in Mexic，when clurful paper-cuts are hung n the street.
traditinal
（32）［词汇复现］He is s （srrw） because he can’t g t the graduatin ceremny because f his illness. （33）This gives the brightest and best students an pprtunity t experience the benefits f studying at a （glbe）Tp 100 university. （34）［词汇复现］After all，family bnds are the mst （significance）thing in Chinese peple’s hearts. （35） The study shwed that thse wh had wrked as bys enjyed happier and ______________ （prductive）lives than thse wh had nt. （36） Frank put the medicine in the tp drawer t make sure it wuld nt be （access） t the kids. （37） It isn’t scially （accept）fr parents t leave children unattended at that age.
significant
mre prductive
accessible
acceptable
SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
What d yu think are the mst imprtant inventins r discveries f the 20th century? Can yu name a few inventrs? What makes them great?
premier scientist pineers f the 20th century t be cmmitted t t be inspired by t be prpsed by t imprve the quality f human life
Read the text abut sme f the pineers in science during the 20th century. What discveries are mentined? Wh made them?
If yu had t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century，yu wuld have a real prblem n yur hands. In just 100 years，the wrld has changed cmpletely. Amazing discveries were made in medicine，cmmunicatins and transprt，nt t mentin ur knwledge f the wrld and space. Medical advances ranged frm discvering the causes f diseases under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with dnated nes. Cmmunicatins changed with the intrductin f mbile phnes，and the way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. We started flying arund the wrld，launching satellites int rbit and，at the same time，scientists figured ut hw t split the atm，previusly thught t be the smallest particle f matter in the universe.Althugh it is impssible t chse the mst imprtant discvery，it is pssible t single ut a few pineers f the 20th century. Here are sme f them.
One f the 20th century’s premier scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer f 1905，this utspken yung man was rcking his ne-year-ld baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently, “E = mc²” was brn. It shwed hw a small piece f mass culd prduce an unbelievable amunt f energy. Einstein then shwed in his “thery f relativity” that nt even time，mass r length are cnstant—they change accrding t ur experience f them.In 1929，anther imprtant finding was made by bilgist Alexander Fleming. Befre he went n hliday，Fleming left a dish f bacteria in his labratry. When he came back，he nticed smething strange. He duble-checked and saw a blue muld in the dish arund which the bacteria had been destryed. This blue muld was in fact the natural frm f penicillin，which Fleming perceived culd be used t kill bacteria. A few years later，penicillin was being mass-prduced and helping t save the lives f millins. Fleming remained humble abut the amazing utcme f his discvery. “Nature made penicillin,” he said, I just fund it.”During Wrld War Ⅱ，when Fleming’s discvery was first helping t cure peple，the US Navy was lking fr ways f imprving the accuracy f their missiles. The navy turned t Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist，t deal with the prblem and prduce a machine t d the jb in a jint effrt.
Althugh they nly finished after the war in 1946，it did nt matter. This huge machine was the wrld’s first cmputer，but it was nthing like ur cmputers tday. It measured 100 feet lng by ver 10 feet high and weighed ver 30，000 kilgrams. With 18，000 tubes，thusands f circuits and 6，000 switches，it used s much energy that when it was turned n，the lights in the lcal twn went ut!With the develpment f cmputers，peple expected t get mre things dne efficiently. During the Cld War，a “huge netwrk” f cmputers was prpsed by tw American scientists. With cmputers talking t ne anther，it wuld enable gvernment leaders t cmmunicate with each ther. By the end f the 1960s，sme mini-netwrks were established，but nly a few cmputers culd cnnect t them. In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the Wrld Wide Web，which enabled cmputers all ver the wrld t cmmunicate with each ther. Nwadays，life withut the Internet fr mst peple is unimaginable.These pineers f the 20th century were all dedicated t imprving the quality f human life n Earth. Human life n this planet has been transfrmed int a “glbal village”，with all the different cuntries linked in the chain f cmmn interests. There is n dubt abut it. Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy，whether lucky r planned，the wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely different place.
Match the discveries r inventins（1-4 ）with hw they came abut
1 E = mc2 2 penicillin 3 the first cmputer 4 the Internet
a there was a lucky accident b scientists wrked tgether as a team c different scientists wrked n it fr many years d a scientist was inspired
Grup Wrk Find infrmatin abut hw the fllwing things wereinvented/discvered. Organise the infrmatin in yur wn way. Then
Write T （true），F （false）r NI （n infrmatin）in brackets. （ ）1 It is nt easy t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century. （ ）2 An atm is the smallest particle f matter. （ ）3 Einstein was at wrk when he thught f the equatin “E = mc2”. （ ）4 Einstein participated in the prgramme that develped the nuclear bmb. （ ）5 Einstein bserved changes in time，size and mass. （ ）6 Fleming had been studying bacteria in his labratry when the discvery happened. （ ）7 Fleming develped the prcess f making penicillin. （ ）8 The first cmputer prject failed t meet its riginal gal. （ ）9 The first cmputer was extremely difficult t prgramme. （ ）10 Cmputers culd nt cnnect t each ther befre 1990.
T F F NI T F NI T NI F
Grup Wrk Think and share. Which discvery r inventin mentined in the text has been the mst imprtant s far? Why? 2 Which discvery r inventin will mst influence the future? Why? 3 Hw did the writer cnnect the paragraphs? Circle the signal wrds r phrases.
Line 12： are sme f them. Line 15：One f the 20th century’s premier scientists was... Line 24： imprtant finding... Line 34 ： Fleming’ s discvery was... Line 49：With the develpment f cmputers... Line 57：These pineers...
Grup Wrk Each member writes a shrt summary abut ne f the discveries r inventins frm the fllwing aspects. Then share with ther members. The whle grup wrks tgether t edit the summaries befre putting them tgether t make a pster.
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frm f the wrds belw.
rbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific micrscpe inventr bilgist
I really dn’t knw what I want t d when I leave schl. My dad is a cmputer engineer wrking n the imprvement f the 1 f the Navy’s 2 . I wuld like t fllw in his ftsteps，but then I’d have t sit in frnt f a cmputer all day. My mum is a 3 ，but it seems t me that all she des is lking at bacteria thrugh a 4 . All that stuff abut 5 findings that save peple’s lives is pretty interesting，but I think I might be mre interested in studying medicine. But then again，my uncle is a scientist and he is always talking abut 6____________ satellites int 7 . I find this very exciting. I knw what I want t be! I culdbe an 8 ! I culd cme up with hundreds f inventins that will 9_________ peple t live better lives. dn’t think there’s a university curse fr inventrs.Maybe I shuld just find ut what I really like first.
scientific
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE:ADJECTIVES
Cmplete the sentences with adjectives frm the text.
Wrd Builder
Adjectives If yu had t chse the mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century... 2 way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending messages. 3 is t single ut a few pineers f the 20th century. yung man was rcking his baby when he was suddenly inspired. 5 In 1929，anther finding was made by... wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely place.
utspken ne-year-ld
Activity 10
Study the sentences in Activity 9. Answer the questins. If there is mre than ne adjective befre a nun，what is the rder f the adjectives?2 What wrds can be used t mdify adjectives? 3 Find sme cmpund adjectives. Hw are they frmed? 4 Which f the adjectives are cmparable adjectives? Which are nn-cmparable adjectives?
If there is mre than ne adjective befre a nun，pinin adjectives usually g befre fact adjectives.
Adverbs can mdify adjectives.
Fr example，“ne-year-ld” and“strng-willed”are cmpund adjectives. They are frmed when tw r mre adjectives are jined tgether by ne r mre hyphens.
Adjectives that shw quality， pinin，size，shape r clur are cmparable. Adjectives that shw quantity，number，natinality r material are nn-cmparable.
Activity 11
Search nline t find the majr discveries and inventins f the 21th century. Which d yu think is the mst imprtant? Why?
EXPRESS YOURSELF
Language pints
教材原句p.52 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 科学突破1 scientific adj. 科学（上）的a scientific discvery科学发现 scientific knwledge科学知识 The scientific innvatin is beneficial t the whle factry. 科学创新对全厂都有益。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 scientist n. 科学家 science n. 科学 scientifically adv. 科学（上）地The scientists have made great scientific breakthrughs in the field f science. 科学家们在科学领域取得了重大的科学突破。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］The （science）is gifted in innvatin and has made great cntributins t ur cuntry. （2）［词汇复现］We have fund further （science）evidence fr this thery. （3） Hwever，this entire cnceptin is （science） inaccurate. （4） In general， （science）dn’t have much free time as （science） research takes almst all their time.
scientifically
scientists scientific
教材原句p.52 Amazing discveries were made in medicine， cmmunicatins and transprt，nt t mentin ur knwledge f the wrld and space. 医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。2 nt t mentin 更不用说He knws French and German，nt t mentin English. 他熟悉法语和德语，更不用说英语了。He knws little abut the technique，nt t mentin making innvatin in it. 他对这项技术知之甚少，更不用说对它创新了。［词汇复现］ We can’t affrd a car，nt t mentin the fact that we have n garage. 我们买不起汽车，更不用说我们没有车库的事实了。【词语积累】 近义词组：let alne The baby can’t even sit up yet，let alne walk. 这个婴儿甚至都不会坐，更不用说走了。
完成句子（1） He has tw big huses in this cuntry， （更不用说） his apartment in France. （2） It’s t far t walk， （更不用说）the fact that it’ll prbably be clsed by nw anyway. 翻译句子（3） Pllutin has a negative effect n the health f everyne living in the city，nt t mentin the damage t the envirnment. ______________________________________________________________________________
nt t mentin
nt t mentin
污染对生活在这个城市里的每个人的健康都有负面影响，更不用说对环境的破坏了。
原句p.52 Medical advances ranged frm discvering the causes f diseases under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with dnated nes. 医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠的器官置换病变的器官。3 range frm A t B 包括从A 到B 之间的各类事物She has had a number f different temprary jbs，ranging frm chef t swimming instructr. 她做过许多不同的临时性工作，从厨师到游泳教练。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 range between A and B 在A 和B 之间变化 a range f 一系列within/in range（f sth） 在（……）可及的范围内 ut f range（f sth） 超出（……）范围The prices f the trusers here range between 30 yuan and 1，300 yuan. 这里裤子的价格从 30 元到 1 300 元不等。The cat stayed well ut f range f the children. 这只猫离孩子们远远的。
单句语法填空（1） The natinal park has a large cllectin f wildlife， （range）frm butterflies t elephants. （2） It is stated in the reprt that the age f the applicants shuld range frm 21 23. （3） Estimates f the damage range between $1 millin $5 millin. 完成句子（4） Take it easy! Yur bld pressure is well （在正常范围内）. （5）［词汇复现］The prices f the bread in this bakery_________________________________ （在5 元到20 元之间）. （6） The cat is （我买不起）.
within/in the nrmal range
range between 5 yuan and 20 yuan /range frm 5 yuan t 20 yuan
ut f my price range
4 dnate vi. & vt. 捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献 将……捐赠给…… 搭配：dnate bld 献血dnate rgans 捐献器官He dnated a large sum f mney t help the rphans. 他捐了一大笔钱来帮助那些孤儿。［词汇复现］ Every year we dnate many bks t the children in the remte muntainus area. 每年我们都捐赠很多书给偏远山区的孩子们。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 dnatin n. 捐赠物；捐赠make a dnatin t 向……捐赠dnr n. 捐赠者近义词：cntribute（只能表示捐献财物，不表示献血或捐献器官）
单句语法填空（1） The schlmaster urged that we shuld dnate sme bks the children in the pr area. （2） He made a generus （dnate）t the charity. （3） All the （dnate）mney will be used t help the hmeless children. 完成句子（4） The retired man （把他的大部分积蓄捐给了）the schls damaged by the earthquake. （5）［词汇复现］The children in the strm-stricken area shwed their appreciatin fr the mney and gds we （向他们捐献）in their letters.
dnated mst f his savings t
had dnated t them
教材原句p.52 way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. ……我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。5 crrespnd vi. 通信；符合，一致，相对应；相当于crrespnd with sb 与某人通信搭配crrespnd t/with 与……相符crrespnd t 相当于 Althugh he stays abrad alne，he frequently crrespnds with his friends.尽管他独自一人待在国外，但是他常和他的朋友们通信。［词汇复现］His actins d nt crrespnd t/with his wrds.他言行不一致。The functin f this machine crrespnds t that f the human brain.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。【词语积累】 crrespnding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
单句语法填空（1）We’ve crrespnded each ther by email fr years. （2） Prfits have risen by 15 per cent cmpared with the （crrespnd）perid last year. 完成句子（3） She still （和……通信） friends she met in Majrca nine years ag. （4） The American Cngress （相当于）the British Parliament. （5）［词汇复现］The result f the scientific experiment desn’t （与……相符） what we predicted.
crrespnding
crrespnds with
crrespnds t
crrespnd t/with
6 instant （1）adj. 立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的instant cffee 速溶咖啡 instant ndles 方便面I felt instant relief after taking a cuple f tablets. 服用了几片药以后我立即感到轻松了。（2）n.［C］瞬间，片刻；某一时刻 the instant（that） 一……就……（相当于as sn as） 搭配fr an instant 一瞬间（指动作持续的时间） in an instant 立即，马上（指动作不久将发生） I recgnised her the instant（that）I saw her. 我一眼就认出她来了。 He frze with shck fr an instant. 刹那间他惊呆了。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 instantly adv. 立即；马上；即刻She is gifted in picking up a tune instantly n the pian. 她很有天赋，听到曲子就能马上用钢琴弹出来。［词汇复现］ He gt int a panic instantly he saw smke rising frm his rm. 他看到他的房间里冒出了烟，顿时惊慌起来。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） The birds flew away in all directins instant they caught sight f a man cming near. （2） These bys and girls jumped with jy （instant）the chairman annunced the result f the game. （3） ［词汇复现］The representatives f the interna-tinal cmpany will arrive an instant and we shuld get prepared t greet them. （4）［词汇复现］He std there an instant and then made up his mind t dnate bld t the pr by. 完成句子（5） The shw was （立即成功了）.
an instant success
教材原句p.52 We started flying arund the wrld，launching satellites int rbit... 我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道…… 7 launch v. （1）发射；发动，发起，开始从事；使（船，尤指新船）下水launch a cmmunicatins satellite 发射通信卫星 launch an investigatin 开始调查launch an attack 发起攻击 launch a natinal campaign against smking 发起一场全国性的禁烟运动Anther Chinese designed and built ship was recently launched. 又一艘中国设计制造的船最近下水了。（2）（首次）上市，发行He tk advantage f his sprting backgrund t launch a new brand f sprtswear. 他利用他的体育背景推出了一种新品牌的运动服。The cmpany launched an investigatin int the market demand and decided t launch their new prduct. 这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。
单句语法填空（1） The new mdel will （launch）in July. （2）［词汇复现］With an instant campaign （launch）at midnight last night，thse peple in the htel were arrested. 完成句子（3） The rganisatin has （发起一场活动）t raise mney. （4） The plice are planning t （开始调查）int the murder. （5） He （创办了一个企业）when he was 30 years ld. （6） We （发射了另一颗卫星）last mnth.
be launched
launched a campaign
launch an investigatin
launched a business
launched anther satellite
教材原句p.52 figured ut hw t split the atm... ……科学家们发现了如何分裂原子…… 8 figure ut 计算出；弄清楚，理解He culdn’t figure ut all the mney he invested in his sn’s cmpany. 他已经算不出他在他儿子的公司投入了多少钱。［词汇复现］ I have figured ut the prcedure f cmplaint. 我已弄清楚投诉的程序了。［词汇复现］ I simply culdn’t figure ut his reslutin. 我简直揣摩不透他的决定。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 figure n. （绘画或故事中的）人，动物；塑像；人物；人影；身材；数字； 图形；（书中的）图，表a leading/key/central figure 领军/ 关键/ 核心人物 a tall figure in a hat 一个戴帽子的高个子人影 keep ne’s figure 保持身材 a five-sided figure 五边形She has a gd figure. 她身材很好。 The figure f the figures n shw is 108. 正在展出的雕像数是 108。The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter. 画中间那个人物是画家的女儿。
完成句子（1） If yu dn’t understand，yu may research， study，and talk t ther peple until yu （弄清楚它）. （2）［词汇复现］He hasn’t （弄明白该如何）be prductive in the ffice. 写出下列句子中figure 的含义（3）［词汇复现］She instantly revealed her secret f keeping her figure t me. ___________ （4） Tsinghua University is hme t a great number f utstanding figures. ___________ （5） By last mnth，this figure had risen t 14 millin. ___________（6） Last night he saw tw dark figures enter the building. ___________
figure it ut
figured ut hw t
教材原句p.52 Subsequently，“E=mc2”was brn. 随后，“E=mc2”诞生了。9 subsequently adv. 后来，随后（近义词later；afterwards） The riginal interview ntes were subsequently lst. 采访记录原稿后来丢失了。Subsequently，new guidelines were released t all surgens. 随后，新的准则发放给了所有外科医生。［词汇复现］ The bk was subsequently translated int 15 languages. 这本书后来被翻译成了15 种语言。【词语积累】 subsequent adj. 随后的；随着发生的 Develpments n this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent reprt. 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Althugh he （subsequent） became a successful businessman，he never frgt the bitter days when he had picked up smething t eat in the garbage. （2） He said he was a dctr，but it （subsequent）turned ut that he was a cheat. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］ （他们后来听说）he had made a great scientific breakthrugh.
subsequently
They subsequently heard
教材原句p.52 Einstein then shwed in his “thery f relativity” that nt even time，mass r length are cnstant... 爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的…… 10 cnstant （1）adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的a cnstant stream f visitrs 络绎不绝的游客 keep in cnstant cntact with sb 一直与某人保持联系travel at a cnstant speed 以恒定速度行驶The cnstant frictin between the yung cuple finally caused divrce. 这对年轻夫妻之间经常的冲突最终导致了离婚。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 常量，恒量，常数The speed f light is an imprtant cnstant. 光速是一个重要的常数。【词语积累】 cnstantly adv. 始终；一直；重复不断地 cnstancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变It is annying that the directin f the wind is cnstantly changing. 风向一直变化，真烦人。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］We are （cnstant） wrking t imprve access t the gallery and its cllectins displayed. （2）［词汇复现］Scientists are （cnstant） develping new technlgy and they make scientific breakthrughs frm time t time. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］I am fed up with his （没完没了的抱怨）. （4） In ur wrld nthing （似乎是永恒不变的）. （5）［词汇复现］The Frbidden City appeals t （络绎不绝的游客）every day，especially during natinal hlidays.
cnstant cmplaints
seems cnstant
a cnstant stream f visitrs
教材原句p.53 This blue muld was in fact the natural frm f penicillin，which Fleming perceived culd be used t kill bacteria. 这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。11 perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉；认为搭配perceive... as/t be... 认为……是…… perceive that... 注意到…… We can perceive his srrw and annyance by the lks n his face. 我们从他脸上的表情可以察觉出他的悲伤和气愤。［词汇复现］ Indeed，this prblem is greater than yu may perceive. 确实，这个问题远大于你所能感知到的。They perceive televisin as entertainment. 他们将电视视为娱乐。［词汇复现］ Adults learn what they perceive t be beneficial in their life situatins. 成年人学习他们认为对其生活处境有帮助的东西。［词汇复现］ 【误区警示】 perceive 不能用于进行时态。
单句语法填空（1） Often what （perceive）t be aggressive is simply fear. 完成句子（2） Children wh d badly in schl tests ften ____________________________________ （认为自己是失败者）. （3）［词汇复现］Nbdy seemed t （注意到）the by shuld answer vilence with vilence. （4） That mrning，he （注意到变化）in Franca’s md.
is perceived
perceive themselves as/t be failures
perceive that
perceived a change
教材原句p.53 Fleming remained humble abut the amazing utcme f his discvery. 弗莱明对他这一发现的惊人结果保持谦虚的态度。12 utcme n. 结果，后果N ne culd have predicted the final utcme. 谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。The utcme is still far frm clear. 结果还很不明朗。【归纳拓展】 v. + adv. → n.（由动词短语转化而来的合成名词） break dwn 出故障 → breakdwn n. 故障break ut 爆发 → utbreak n. 爆发put ut 生产，输出 → utput n. 产量，输出量cme in 进来 → incme n. 收入Always carry yur tlbx in case yur car has a breakdwn n the mtrway. 总是带着工具箱，以防汽车在高速公路上抛锚。The research prject was put ff because f the utbreak f the war. 由于战争的爆发，这个研究项目被延期了。
完成句子（1） It was impssible t （预测结果）f the electin. （2）［词汇复现］Subsequently，the bilgists are cnfident f （一个成功的结果）. 选词填空（breakdwn/utbreak/incme/ut-cme） （3） He said peple will be the winner，whatever the . （4） The frm visitrs makes the museum self-supprting. （5） He is ptimistic that the gvernment will be able t manage the f the virus effectively. （6）［词汇复现］The in talks represents a temprary setback in the peace prcess.
predict the utcme
a successful utcme
教材原句p.53 With the develpment f cmputers，peple expected t get mre things dne efficiently. 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。13 efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地We can arrange time efficiently and knw hw lng a single task will take. 我们可以有效地安排时间，并知道每项任务要花费多长时间。T wrk mre efficiently，the representative has adpted a different apprach. 为了工作更有效率，那个代表采用了一种不同的方法。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 efficient adj. 效率高的 the efficient use f energy 能源的有效利用fuel-efficient cars 节能汽车 efficiency n. 效率 with efficiency 高效地Learning by ding may nt be efficient，but it is effective. 边做边学可能效率不高，但却很有效。It didn’t say much fr their efficiency that the rder arrived a week late. 订货晚到了一个星期，可见他们的效率难以恭维。
单句语法填空（1） She was very （efficiency）in reducing waste. （2）［词汇复现］His scientific innvatin has greatly increased the wrk ___________ （efficient）. （3） Yu shuld exercise mre s as t keep energetic and yu can wrk （efficient）. （4） I was impressed by the efficiency which she handled the crisis. （5）［词汇复现］Peple have figured ut hw t use water mre （efficient）in rder nt t waste water. 完成句子（6） （能源效率）can play a vital rle in reducing pllutin.
efficiency
efficiently
Energy efficiency
教材原句p.53 During the Cld War，a“huge netwrk”f cmputers was prpsed by tw American scientists. 冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。14 prpse vt. 提出（某观点、方法等） sth 搭配：prpse ding sth that 从句（谓语动词用“shuld+ 动词原形”，shuld 可省略） He reslutely prpses investing in the prperty market. = He reslutely prpses investment in the prperty market. =He reslutely prpses that they shuld invest in the prperty market. 他坚决提议投资房地产市场。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 prpsal n. 提议；建议make/submit/accept/reject a prpsal 提出/ 提交/ 接受/ 拒绝一项提议
【学法点拨】 （1）prpsal 后的同位语从句或者表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用 shuld d，其中shuld 可以省略。At last，he turned dwn my prpsal that we shuld invest mre mney in the factry in the cuntryside. 最后，他拒绝了我提出的增加农村工厂投资的建议。［词汇复现］ （2）v. +-al 构成抽象名词 survive v. → survival n. 幸存 remve v. → remval n. 移动arrive v. → arrival n. 到达 refuse v. → refusal n. 拒绝prpse v. → prpsal n. 建议 apprve v. → apprval n. 赞成
单句语法填空（1） The engineer prpsed （inquire） abut train times befre setting ff. （2） The （prpse） made by Mike is quite reasnable. （3） Varius （prpse）were put frward by the emplyees fr increasing sales. （4）［词汇复现］The mnitr prpsed last night that we （launch）an activity aimed at studying mre efficiently. 一句多译（5） 他们提议建造一个新的机场。a. ______________________________________________b. ______________________________________________c. ______________________________________________同义句转换（6） In terms f the bad weather，we prpse starting early tmrrw. → In terms f the bad weather，we prpse _______________________________________ tmrrw.
（shuld） launch
They prpsed building a new airprt.
They prpsed the building f a new airprt.
They prpsed that a new airprt（shuld）be built.
an early start/ that we（shuld）start early
重点句式 教材原句p.52 the same time，scientists figured ut hw t split the atm. ..…同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子1 疑问词+ 动词不定式Hw t increase the wrk efficiency is very imprtant. 如何提高工作效率非常重要。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 （1）可用于该结构的疑问词 疑问代词：wh，whm，what，which；疑问副词：when，where，hw； 疑问词：whether （ 2）常接该结构的动词：knw，see，decide，tell，ask，cnsider， explain，learn，wnder 等。（3）该结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。When t decrate the huse hasn’t been decided. 什么时候装修房子还不确定。（作主语） They didn’t decide whether t tell the ld lady the news. 他们没有决定是否告诉那位老太太这个消息。（作宾语） The questin is hw t take apart the machine. 问题是如何拆卸这台机器。（作表语）
完成句子（1）Twenty students want t attend the class that aims t teach （如何 快速阅读）. （2） （何时何地投票）hasn’t been decided. （3）—It’s n use having ideas nly. — Dn’t wrry. Peter can shw yu （如何将想法转 变为行动）. 单句语法填空（4）We haven’t decided wh （search） fr the missing painting. （5）［词汇复现］When （launch）the campaign will be determined by hw well we get prepared.
hw t read fast
When and where t vte
hw t turn an idea int an act
教材原句p.53 Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy，whether lucky r planned，the wrld as we knw it tday wuld be a cmpletely different place. 如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，as引导方式状语从句；其中Withut the breakthrughs... 为含蓄虚拟条件，相当于if 引导的虚拟条 件句。2 含蓄虚拟条件有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过 if 条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 withut，with，but，but fr，therwise，r 等，或通过上下文暗示。Withut yur advice，I wuld have failed. 没有你的忠告，我早就失败了。But fr yur help，I wuldn’t have made such a great scientific breakthrugh. 要不是你的帮助，我不会有一个这么大的科学突破。［词汇复现］ He was ill yesterday. Otherwise，he wuld have dnated bld t the pr girl. 他昨天病了，否则他就会给那个可怜的女孩献血了。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）Withut his wartime experiences，Hemingway wuldn’t （write）A Farewell t Arms. （2）Withut yur help，we wuld （run）ut f petrl halfway. （3）［词汇复现］I culd have gne thrugh bitter days yur generus help. （4） We lst ur way in that small village. Otherwise，we （visit）mre places f interest yesterday. （5） But fr renewable energy，there （be）mre envirnmental prblems. 同义句转换（6） If there were n air，there wuldn’t be living things in the wrld nw. → ，there wuldn’t be living things in the wrld nw.
have written
wuld have visited
Withut air
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE：ADJECTIVES
单元语法 形容词1 形容词的概念（ 1）形容词表示事物的形状、性质和状态等。如大、高、认真、生动、 美丽、精明、可爱、冰凉、初级、高级、简单、复杂等。（ 2）形容词是一种主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词的词类，可以用 来表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。（ 3）形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词有比较等级
2 形容词的句法功能（1）作定语（前置定语或后置定语） He has wrked as a teacher in a remte area since he graduated frm cllege. 他大学毕业后一直在偏远地区当老师。［词汇复现］（remte 作area 的定语） He is the happiest persn alive. 他是世上最快乐的人。（若语境需要， alive，alike，alne 等表语形容词可用于名词后作后置定语） D yu have anything imprtant t tell me?你有什么重要的事情要 告诉我吗？（形容词修饰复合不定代词，作后置定语） That is the best bk available. 那是可用的书中最好的一本。（以 -able 或-ble 结尾的形容词可作前面有形容词最高级或the nly 等修饰的名词的后置定语） This is a bk suitable fr children. 这是一本适合孩子们的图书。 （形容词短语作后置定语）
（2）作表语His suggestins are very valuable. 他的建议很有价值。 He felt ashamed f what he had dne t his friend. 他为自己对朋友所做的事感到羞愧。［词汇复现］ （3）作宾语补足语I cnsider his suggestin very valuable. 我认为他的建议很有价值。I find it annying when a fly is flying arund. 我觉得苍蝇飞来飞去很 烦人。［词汇复现］（annying 作宾补，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句）
3 合成形容词的构成（1）副词+ 分词，如：hard-wrking 勤劳的（2）名词+ 过去分词，如：man-made 人造的（3）名词+ 现在分词，如：time-cnsuming 耗时的（4）名词+ 形容词，如：wrld-famus 世界闻名的（5）数词+ 名词，如：five-star 五星级的（6）数词+ 名词-ed，如：three-legged 三条腿的（7）数词+ 名词+ 形容词，如：five-year-ld 5 岁的（8）形容词+ 过去分词，如：ready-made 现成的（9）形容词+ 名词-ed，如：kind-hearted 好心的（10）形容词+ 现在分词，如：rdinary-lking 相貌一般的（11）形容词+ 形容词，如：red-ht 炽热的
4 形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则（1）一般加-er 或-est strng—strnger—strngest （2）以字母e 结尾的词只加 -r 或-st late—later—latest （ 3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后再 加-er 或-est ht—htter—httest big—bigger—biggest （4）以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的单词，将y 变为i，再加-er 或-est ugly—uglier—ugliest early—earlier—earliest （5）多音节词和部分双音节词，在其前加mre 或mst enthusiastic—mre enthusiastic—mst enthusiastic （6）不规则变化单独记忆
【学法点拨】 （1）词尾为“元音字母+y”时，y 不变，直接加-er 或-est。（ 2）有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er 和 -le 结尾的词，可以有两种比 较级和最高级形式。clever—cleverer/ mre clever—cleverest/mst clever （3）一些合成形容词的比较等级gd-lking—better-lking/mre gd-lking—best-lking/mst gd-lking ld-fashined—lder-fashined/mre ld-fashined—ldest-fashined/ mst ld-fashined （ 4）有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没 有比较级和最高级。如：right 正确的，wrng 错误的，excellent 极好的，final 最后的，pssible 可能的，east 东方的，empty 空的，wden 木制的，favurite 最喜欢的，impssible 不可能的。
5 构成形容词的常见后缀（1）名词+-al：cultural，glbal，industrial （2）名词+-ic：scientific （3）名词+-ish：flish，childish （4）名词+-ful：peaceful，helpful （5）名词+-less：careless，hmeless （6）名词+-ary：revlutinary （7）名词+-en：wden，glden （8）名词+-y：rainy，snwy，windy，healthy
（9）名词+-us：dangerus，humrus （10）动词+-ive：attractive，impressive （11）动词+-ed：excited，surprised，annyed （12）动词+-ing：exciting，surprising，annying （13）动词/ 名词+-able/-ible：accessible，reliable （14）动词/ 名词+-sme：trublesme （15）动词/ 名词+-ant/-ent：pleasant，different， cnvenient
写出下列单词的形容词形式（1） practice ___________ （2） nature ___________ （3） energy ___________ （4） wnder ___________ （5） end ___________ （6） west ___________ （7） prduct ___________ （8） sleep ___________
（9）reasn ___________ （10）gift ___________ （11）distance ___________ （12）cmfrt ___________ （13）pisn ___________ （14）please ___________ （15）nise ___________
reasnable gifted distant cmfrtable pisnus pleased/pleasing/pleasant nisy
practical natural energetic wnderful endless western prductive sleepy
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级（16）slim _________________________ （17）thin _________________________ （18）bad _______________________（19）imprtant _________________________（20）gd _________________________（21）well-knwn _________________________（22）small _________________________（23）happy _________________________（24）annying _________________________（25）far _________________________
slimmer；slimmest thinner；thinnest wrse； wrst mre imprtant；mst imprtant better； best better-knwn；best-knwn smaller， smallest happier；happiest mre annying；mst annying farther/further；farthest/furthest
单句语法填空（26）The Wallace giant bee is the wrld’s （large）bee，with a bdy the size f a human thumb and wings that can spread t abut 2.5 inches. （27）［词汇复现］He is a little weak in all his subjects but he is （gift）in dancing and singing. （28）The dctr explained the situatin t her little brther，and asked the little by if he wuld be （will）t give his bld t his sister. （29）“We are nw thinking abut develpment， allwing the paintings t be mre ___________ （create），”he said. （30）It is ne f the mst （amaze） TV shws frm an artistic pint f view. （31）In the mvie Cc，fr instance，the 12-year-ld Miguel and his family dance and sing t celebrate the Day f the Dead，a （traditin）festival in Mexic，when clurful paper-cuts are hung n the street.
traditinal
（32）［词汇复现］He is s （srrw） because he can’t g t the graduatin ceremny because f his illness. （33）This gives the brightest and best students an pprtunity t experience the benefits f studying at a （glbe）Tp 100 university. （34）［词汇复现］After all，family bnds are the mst （significance）thing in Chinese peple’s hearts. （35） The study shwed that thse wh had wrked as bys enjyed happier and ______________ （prductive）lives than thse wh had nt. （36） Frank put the medicine in the tp drawer t make sure it wuld nt be （access） t the kids. （37） It isn’t scially （accept）fr parents t leave children unattended at that age.
significant
mre prductive
accessible
acceptable
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