第6讲 阅读定主旨猜词义-2023年江苏省中考英语考前必看必练10讲

这是一份第6讲 阅读定主旨猜词义-2023年江苏省中考英语考前必看必练10讲，共20页。试卷主要包含了确定文章的标题和主题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第6讲 阅读定主旨猜词义-2023年江苏省中考英语考前必看必练10讲



主旨大意题
一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：
1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖  2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。
C（2019扬州中考）
My father was a cemetery（公墓）keeper. When I was a child，he often took me there. Before we left each time，he would lay some stones on some graves（坟墓）. I never asked why. I just thought that was his work.
Yesterday, I visited my sick father. He asked me to go to the cemetery and lay some stones. For some reason, it had to be done that day. I agreed. I hadn't been there for a long time.
When I got there, I found a woman in front of one of the graves I would lay a stone on.As I bent to lay it, I heard her whisper“ Thank you”. It was then that I noticed the date of death on the grave was that same day. The grave was that of a child, only five when he died fifteen years ago.
" He's my son, "she said. " But, where’s your father? He was always the one to leave the stone.”
I told her that my father was ill but he asked me to do this. It seemed important to him.“Your father’s kindness means more to me than anything else. When my child died, I came often to see him. It is our custom to leave a stone. It tells the one who is here that he is thought of. But, then we moved away from here. so many painful memories. I was so afraid that he would be alone. But your father marked the grave every time he came. Each time I returned here, I saw that stone and it always comforted me. Your father is the kind of man who would ease the pain of a mother’s heart though we are strangers. Just tell him you saw me today, won’t you?” She said.
It took me a minute to find my voice. That small stone marked the grave of a child and the heart of his mother.
41. What's the best title of the passage?
A. A Strange Custom B. One Small Stone, Unforgotten
C. A Cemetery Keeper D. Painful Memories, Unforgotten
【答案】B
【解析】文章标题题。文章首尾两段都提到了stone这个事物，以及中间内容部分可知是围绕它展开来写的文章，所以答案选B。
D
Throughout its long history, writing has been a big deal in China. Since the earliest dynasties, the skills of reading and writing have been highly respected. In fact, they form an important part of the Chinese art world. Calligraphy（书法）, the art of writing with a brush, is almost as old as writing itself. And though this art form dates back thousands of years, it is still very popular today.
________ The answer most likely lies way back in the Shang Dynasty（about 1600-1046 BC）. That’s when characters were first used in religious（宗教的）events. This practice showed a spiritual part which gave writing power in the eyes of common people.
Calligraphy spread during the Han Dynasty, when the, necessary tools and materials were more easily got. First there was the brush, made from bamboo and animal hair. Early ink was made by burning pinewood（松木）and mixing it with water. Early forms of paper were invented around AD105. Finally, there was inkstone, a smooth piece of stone used for mixing ink. Together, these tools were known as the “four treasures of study” in ancient China.
Calligraphy has been popular in China for thousands of years. Some say that it’s an even higher art form than painting. Though foreigners may not always get it, there’s something truly special about calligraphy. Every written character has a strict stroke（笔划）order. When viewing the results, you can experience every stroke of the artist’s brush. This allows for a close connection between artists and viewers. Calligraphy is something that’s best experienced by doing. Luckily, this ancient art is still widely practiced today. So what are you waiting for? Get out there and find yourself a teacher!
32. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The Four Treasures of Study B. The Ancient Art of the Brush
C. A Famous Chinese Dynasty D. An Ancient Tool for Writing
【答案】 32. D
【解析】最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代的书写工具，所以最适合本文的标题是“An Ancient Tool for Writing”，故选D。
D
On 3 June 2017, Alex Honnold did something that many people thought was impossible. He climbed more than 900 metres up a rock face in Yosemite National Park, in the US, using only his hands and feet. He had no ropes or safety protections for the climb, which took three hours and 56 minutes.
Honnold’s ropeless climbing up the rock face known as EI Capitan was record﹣breaking. One of Honnold’s friends and also a climber, Tommy Caldwell, described the achievement as “the Moon.ding of ropeless climbing” .
“It was great. It’s cool when you’re up there, “Honnold told The Week Junior.” Yosemite is one of ：most beautiful places on Earth.”
Yosemite is where the best climbers take on some of the world’s most difficult climbs. But for Honnold, who is 33 years old, it is a very special place. He grew up in Sacramento, near Yosemite, and used to go camping there as a child. When he was around 10 years old, Honnold started climbing at an floor gym（体育馆）.He loved climbing up trees and playing on the monkey bars, although he wasn’t try good at either. In his late teens, he began breaking speed climbing records. Then in 2015, he decided it was time to try the world﹣famous EI Capitan. “I spent two years remembering every hand and foot placement, “he says. “I could tell you right now all the moves.”
For many people, it might seem too risky to climb without ropes, but not Honnold. “If you fall off, you will die. But the chances of you falling off depend on how prepared you are.”
Honnold’s impressive achievement can be seen in the new award﹣winning documentary, Free Solo, which is on the National Geographic channel （9pm, Sunday 3 March）.
32. What is the best title for the text?
A. Try ropeless climbing B. On top of the world
C. The greatest world record D. A new rock climber
【答案】 32. B
【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文, 根据“He climbed more than 900 metres up a rock face in Yosemite National Park, in the US, using only his hands and feet.”可知，文章主要介绍了勇敢的AlexHonnold徒手攀爬美国约塞米蒂国家公园的一块900多米高的岩石的故事。因此最佳标题应为“在世界之巅”。故选B。
D
Bassanio looked at the three boxes, but he did not read the writing on them. He looked at the gold and silver.
“The world is tricked by appearances,” he said. “People often hide ordinary things with beautiful gold, silver, and jewels. People always agree with those who speak well, even if they say foolish things. Many people who seem brave are really cowards. How often do we believe in leaders who turn out to be bad? I remember the story of Midas, the man who loved gold too much. He wanted everything to be gold. He wished that he could make everything gold just by touching it. When he could, it was a disaster. He could not eat his golden food, and he was afraid to touch his daughter. No, I do not want these beautiful boxes of gold and silver. I will choose the lead box with its ordinary color. It speaks more to me than all the gold and silver in the world. Please give me the key to the lead box. Let happiness be mine.
One of the servants gave him the key, and he went to the box and opened it. Portia was very pleased. She could not believe it, until Bassanio opened the box and saw the picture of Portia inside it. When he saw the picture, he loved her even more because the picture was very beautiful. He wondered how anyone could paint such a good picture of her. It was almost as beautiful as Portia herself. He looked at all the parts of the picture. He looked at the eyes and the hair and the mouth. All of them were perfect. But Portia herself even more beautiful than her picture.
The writing inside the box told him that he had chosen the right box. It said that he should go to Portia and look into her eyes. She would be his wife. Bassanio could not believe it. “Is it really true?” he asked. “Will you really be my wife? I am afraid to believe it until you say so.”
45. What may be the best title of the passage?
A. Bassanio and the lead box B. Portia and her picture
C. The things in the boxes D. Tricks by appearances
【答案】 45. A
【解析】最佳标题题。根据“Bassanio looked at the three boxes, but he did not read the writing on them. He looked at the gold and silver.”以及下文的介绍可知，介绍了Bassanio 选择盒子，他选择了铅盒子，事实证明他选对了，他可以和Portia 结婚，并成为皇宫的统治者。因此最好的题目是：Bassanio and the lead box.符合语境。故选A。
D

Every now and then you may see news of satellites(卫星) sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit(轨道). On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there?
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around the Earth. Satellites do all kinds of work. They are used to send TV signals, give you directions on the road and help scientists do research.
For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation(导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips(芯片) can be found more easily.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block(阻碍) them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a big problem. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project is trying to go further. It plans to use satellites to provide Internet in the future.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather and climate. By closely watching wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help people deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite images to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of other planets. In 2020, video website Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
Like any other machines, satellites do not last forever. When they die, they either burn up or become space junk. Someday we may need to send “garbage trucks” to clean them up.
32. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Satellites Guiding the Way B. SpaceX’s Starlink
C. Chinese Space Development D. Sky-high Technology
【答案】32. A
【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了卫星在我们生活中的作用，故选A。
B

Jumpers with Chinese characters, coats covered in tiger stripes and shoes with traditional flower patterns—these days, it’s easy to find people wearing homegrown sportswear on Chinese streets.
China’s sportswear brands, like ANTA Sports, Li-Ning and XTEP, have reported big growth in recent years, said Xinhua. For example, on March 22, ANTA Sports said its total revenue(收入) in 2021 hit 49.3 billion yuan, a 38.9 percent year-on-year increase. XTEP’s total revenue doubled from 2017, up to 10 billion yuan for the first time in 2021.
The sharp growth in homegrown sportswear partly results from a trend called “guochao”, or “China chic”. It has driven need for local brands and products with traditional Chinese designs. Its main followers are Generation Zers, as they begin to turn from international brands to locally produced ones, noted CGTN.
“Now ANTA has good design abilities. They are as comfortable and good as other foreign brands that charge (要价) more money. So why not ANTA?” a 24-year-old graduate surnamed Liu from Beijing, told Global Times.
The Beijing Winter Olympics this year also pushed for the growing sportswear market. ANTA, for instance, was the official sportswear provider of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. It used its smart technology to support China’s 12 teams in events including short track speed-skating and curling.
At the Beijing 2022 Games, more local brands and products got global attention. For example, Peak had the second-most delegations(代表团) wearing its products at the Beijing Winter Olympics. Delegations from seven countries including Iceland, Ukraine, Belgium and Romania wore Peak, reported the Paper.
36. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. A new style of fashion B. Brands on the rise
C. The best part of Beijing Winter Olympics D. Sports fashion around the world
【答案】 36. B
【解析】最佳标题题。本文介绍中国运动品牌的崛起，选项B“品牌崛起”符合主题，故选B。

2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括
一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.
C（2019常州中考）
Nowadays, it never seems we have enough time to realize all of the reading goals (目标) that we set for ourselves. Luckily, we have mobile apps such as Latte Read and GetAbstract to provide abstracts (梗概) of a text. Abstracts are useful tools, especially for students, but like having a friend describe the main content of a story to you, you cannot experience the joy and excitement of reading the original (原来的) text of yourself.
I recently finished reading a thick book of W. Somerset Maugham's collected short stories. It took me around ten years to get through. Thomas Mann's difficult The Magic Mountain took me about six months to read; Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged made me very bored most of the time. Reading a book, whether it is good or bad, is a formative (建设性的) experience. There are plenty of books which I probably shouldn't have taken the time to read. But the challenge of living for a time in the thoughts and experiences of a different history or character makes even the worst book a valuable effort.
Whenever I finish the last line of a book and slowly close it, I like to sit there and think over its lines with a mix of nostalgia (怀旧之情) and pride. I then take the book in hand and find a place for it on my bookshelf. When I step back and look at the books on my shelf, it is as if I am looking at the history of the different lives that I have lived.
Abstracts are useful as a tool to an end, but reading the actual (真正的) book is something much richer. Reading, like anything else in life, is much more about the journey than it ever was the destination (目的地).
29. What does the writer mainly want to say?
A. Reading abstracts is a best short way to enjoy literature.
B. Reading abstracts cannot bring you the true feeling of actual reading.
C. Reading different kinds of books brings you many advantages.
D. The journey and the destination are equally important in our reading.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知它的主题是“在我们的阅读中旅行的过程和目的地一样的重要。”，所以答案选D。
D

People think that smartphones and laptops are evidence of progress. A certain number of online searching, for example, can be good for your brain, and there are apps that can develop your brain. Yet tech improvements also come with some unexpected results.
Studies have shown that blue-enriched light from electronic things like smartphones can disturb (干扰) the body’s internal clock and makes it impossible for you to stick to a proper sleep timetable. Losing sleep has bad influence on your brain, such as bad moods and problems with memory.
Technology makes it much easier to get absent-minded, for example, you step away from an important project to check your smartphone. Teens are more absent-minded than ever. A recent survey of 2,400 teachers found that most educators feel students are more absent-minded than old generations (一代). Some 64 percent agreed with the idea that today’s digital technologies do more to draw away students’ attention than to help them with study.
And technology makes people much more forgetful than they used to be. In fact, the new generation are more likely to forget what day it is or where they put their keys than people over the age of 55, according to a Trending Machine survey. Jo Patricia, a doctor, said technology was to blame. “This is a population that has grown up using technology, often suffering from sleeplessness, which results in high levels of forgetfulness,” she said.
People who depend on GPS to get around have less activity in the hippocampus (海马体), an area of the brain in both memory and direction. A study from the University of London even found that taxi drivers had a more developed hippocampus than non-taxi drivers — because they are so used to using spatial (空间的) memory, rather than depending on GPS.
Now that you’re probably afraid of the influence of technology, let us remind you that you do have the power to prevent it. Just log off every once in a while!
37. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Surveys carried out in school. B. Apps used to develop memory.
C. Progress made in electronic products. D. Harmful influence brought by digital technology.
【答案】 37. D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Yet tech improvements also come with some unexpected results.”以及“Now that you’re probably afraid of the influence of technology, let us remind you that you do have the power to prevent it. Just log off every once in a while!”和全文内容可知本文主要讲述了数字技术带来的有害影响。故选D。

猜测词义题
在中考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

猜测词义的五种方法：
a.定义法
However, baby animals look both “cuter” and more “pleasant” than adult animals. What would happen if the test difference came from their being “pleasant”? To find the answer, the researchers chose some food pictures which looked pleasant but not cute, and gave them to another group of students. But seeing the foods did not make the students perform any better in the number test. This finding suggests that seeing cute pictures makes students behave more deliberately, that is to say, they perform tasks with greater time and care.
31. The underlined word “deliberately” has the closest meaning to “________”.
A. happily B. carefully C. actively D. correctly
【答案】 31. B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“This finding suggests that seeing cute pictures makes students behave more deliberately, that is to say, they perform tasks with greater time and care.”可知，他们会花更多的时间和精力来完成任务，可推知上一句含义是“看到可爱的图片会让学生表现得更小心翼翼”，因此“deliberately”意为“carefully”，故选B。

　　It will be very hard but also very brittle...that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
　
b. 同位法
　　They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。

c. 对比法
　　She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)
　　Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。

e. 因果法
“What also shocked us is how cruel (残忍的) some young offenders can be,” said Shi Weizhong.
In school violence cases in Beijing during the last five years, 14 percent of the offenders not only beat others, but also insulted (侮辱) them. They slapped others, made them kneel down (下跪), and in some cases took off other people’s clothes.
34. What does the underlined word “shocked” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. excited B. interested C. pleased D. surprised
【答案】34. D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据how cruel (残忍的) some young offenders can be可知有些青少年罪犯非常残忍，因此对于他们的残忍，人们应感到震惊，故选D。
　　
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。

“What?” he asked at last, in a faint voice, hardly to be heard. “Please, sir,” replied Oliver, “I want some more.”
27. What does the underlined word “faint” mean?
A. Loud. B. High. C. Calm. D. Weak.
【答案】27. D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“hardly to be heard”可知，说的很小心几乎听不见，所以faint与weak同义，故选D。

Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!
48. Which of the following best explains “boosting” in paragraph 1?
A. building B. spreading C. helping D. creating
【答案】48. C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!”可知，河狸有助于野生动物和环境，因此“boosting”意为“helping”。故选C。

Mars’ orbit is more elliptical(椭圆的) than Earth’s, so the difference between perihelion and aphelion(远日点) is greater, Mars’ orbit has been getting more and more elongated, carrying the planet even nearer to the Sun at perihelion and even farther away at aphelion. So future perihelic oppositions will bring Earth and Mars even closer. Our 2003 record will stand until August 28, 2287!
44. In the sentence “...Mars’ orbit has been getting more and more elongated...”, “elongated” means ________.
A. 伸长的 B. 拉长 C. 延长 D. 被拉得.细长的
【答案】44. A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“carrying the planet even nearer to the Sun at perihelion and even farther away at aphelion”可知，近日点离太阳更近，远日点离太阳更远，因此火星的轨道变得越来越长，猜测“elongated”意为“伸长的”。故选A。

This means the natural growth rate of the population was just 0.34 per 1, 000 people. It is the lowest since China’s Great Famine（饥荒）from 1959 to 1961, which killed about 30 million people and caused a population decline.
22. What does the underlined word “decline” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Change. B. Fall. C. Rise. D. Level.
【答案】22. B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“It is the lowest since China’s Great Famine from 1959 to 1961, which killed about 30 million people and caused a population decline.”以及选项可知，此处decline意为“下降” ，与“Fall”意义相同。故选B。

【好题分享】
C

“Have you ever heard Louis say good morning and good night to us, as the others do?”
“Since you mention it, I never have,” said the husband. “Goodness! What are you getting at? Do you wish me to believe that I have a son who is dumb in any way? This would worry me. I want everything to go well in my family life. Fatherhood is hard. I do not want the added stress of having a dumb child.”
“Well,” said the wife, “I’ve been watching Louis recently. I think the little guy can’t talk. I’ve never heard him make one sound. I think he came into the world lacking (缺失) a voice. If he had a voice, he’d use it, same as the others do.”
“Why, this is terrible!” said the husband. “This is painful. This is a very serious matter.” His wife looked at him. “It’s not too serious now,” she said. “But it will be serious two or three years from now when Louis falls in love, as he will surely do. A young male swan will be greatly handicapped in finding a mate if he can’t say the usual sweet words to the young female of his choice.”
The husband stood quietly, thinking about what his wife had just told him. He was a brave bird, and already he was beginning to work out a plan for his little son Louis.
“If it’s really true that Louis has no voice,” said the husband to himself, “then I shall provide him with a device (装置) of some kind, to enable him to make a lot of noise. There must be some way out of this difficulty. After all, my son is Trumpeter Swan; he should have a voice like a trumpet (小号). But first I will test him to make certain that what his mother says is true.”
(Taken from The Trumpet of the Swan)
27. What does the underlined part “be greatly handicapped” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Have much trouble. B. Have great fun.
C. Be quite uninterested. D. Be very successful.
28. What is the swan couple’s talk mainly about?
A. The dream about Louis’s future. B. The plan for Louis’s education.
C. The problem with Louis’s health. D. The suggestion on Louis’s growth.
【答案】27. A 28. C
【解析】文章选自《吹小号的天鹅》，主要讲了妻子发现Louis不能发声后丈夫的反应。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“if he can’t say the usual sweet words to the young female of his choice”可知无法对心仪的雌天鹅说寻常的甜言蜜语，会很难找到配偶，be greatly handicapped意为“有很多麻烦”。故选A。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“Have you ever heard Louis say good morning and good night to us, as the others do?”可知文章由Louis不能发声引出话题，天鹅夫妇主要在讨论Louis的健康问题。故选C。
C

The National Speed Skating Oval (the Ice Ribbon) saw 12 new Olympic records and one world record, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.
Known as “the fastest ice”, the 12,000-square-meter rink(冰场)has received very good feedback from the athletes. “It makes everyone skate faster,” Gao Tingyu said after he bagged the gold.
61. The underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. the ice rink B. the gold medal C. the record D. the feedback
【答案】61. A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文中的句子“the 12,000-square-meter rink (冰场) has received very good feedback from the athletes.”可知，此处的it指代之前提到的溜冰场。故选A。
D
Sticking to a vegan （坚持素食的）diet might sound difficult, especially since many popular dishes have meat in them. Yet in recent years, veganism has become one of the fastest-growing trends（趋势）in the world.
According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people have chosen veganism over the past 10 years.
What is driving this growth in veganism? One reason might be that people want to protect the environment. According to a 2013 study by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, global meat manufacturing（加工）causes about 18 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions（排放）. This is more than all the worlds cars, trains and planes combined.
According to BBC News, one reason is that many of today’s young people believe it’s wrong to kill animals for food. For many people, veganism simply means eating no meat, cheese or eggs, but going animal-free also applies（应用）to fashion and manufacturing. For example, leather is used to make shoes and clothing. Every year more than 1 billion animals, from cows to horses to snakes, are killed to make products from their skins. Now, many brands are looking for other materials.
The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple leaves. Tesla, the US car maker, is said to be removing（去除）animal-based leather from its seats. Earlier this year, US singer Lady Gaga created the vegan makeup brand Haus Laboratories. On the brand’s Instagram account, it says: “Cruelty-free（零残忍）and vegan, because we love animals and you.”
So, if you’re interested in protecting animals and saving the environment, you might want to give veganism a try.
68. “Cruelty-free” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. no animals are killed B. environmentally friendly
C. some animals are harmed D. we are free to be cruel
69. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To help people choose a healthy diet. B. To encourage people to protect the environment.
C. To introduce the trend of veganism. D. To explain animal cruelty.
【答案】68. A 69. C
【解析】本文讲述坚持素食这种增长逐渐增快的趋势，讲述坚持素食的成因。
【68题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“vegan, because we love animals”坚持素食，因为爱动物，可知“Cruelty-free”表达“不捕杀动物，没有动物被猎杀”。故选A。
【69题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“veganism has become one of the fastest-growing trends in the world”可知，文章主要的目的是为了介绍坚持素食这种趋势。故选C。
B
If you’re lucky enough to have today off from work, the most important thing on your to-do list is to actually take the day off. Taking time to let your brain rest really makes you more creative, better at problem-solving, better at coming up with creative ideas.
Hug laziness.


Yes, yes, you’re busy, I’m busy, we’re busying ourselves to be tired out. But if you have today off, take a stand against all this busyness. Being busy — if we even are busy — is rarely the sign we’ve come to believe it is. Nonetheless, the influence is real, and examples of burnout, anxiety (焦虑), disorders and stress-related diseases are on the rise.
Have a family meal.

It can be hard to get the whole family together for a meal. Work, school, sports practices and other duties all seem to get in the way. But studies show that families who dine at home together are happier and healthier.
Do that one thing you haven’t _______.

Yeah, yeah, you’ll get to it sometime — it’s the little lie we all tell ourselves to get out of doing the things on our to-do list that are hanging over our heads. But today is a great day just to get it done! Send that email, finish up that task at home, send that holiday thank-you note you still haven’t gotten around to. Whatever it is, just do it. You’ll feel so much better, I promise.
Do completely nothing.

Not much more to say here! Allow yourself to plant in front of the TV today, recharge your batteries and get a good night’s sleep. It might even make you more productive at work this week.
29. What does the underline word “plant” mean in Paragraph Five?
A. Be strongly fixed. B. Grow something in the ground.
C. Hide something stolen. D. Make someone begin to have an idea.
30. Which saying reaches an agreement with the passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. The early bird catches the worm.
C. Better late than never. D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
【答案】 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Allow yourself to plant in front of the TV today, recharge your batteries and get a good night’s sleep.”可知是坐在电视机前，充电并睡个好觉。可知“plant”是指专心。故选A。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲工作休息之余放松的办法，故D选项“只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻”符合题意。故选D。
D

Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine to our daily lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by welcoming technology as part of life, are we losing our ability to create?
Technology provides a new chance for creativity to exist(存在). Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the chance to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements, social media or radio.
However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so much on automated calculations(计算器) rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the chances to come up with their own creations.
Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our use of electronic products by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them, turning off the notice on your phone. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone.
Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in nature. It can help you refresh and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a diary, or reading.
The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better. With the right balance, technology can be a good method of improving creativity.
42. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The importance of creativity.
B. Good ways to develop technology.
C. The relationship between business and creativity.
D. The good influence that technology has on creativity.
43. The underlined word “deterred” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. protected B. controlled C. attacked D. prevented
【答案】42. D 43. D
【解析】
【42题详解】
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍技术为创造力的存在提供了平台，强调技术对创造力的良好影响。故选D。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology.”可知，在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，确保创造力不被技术阻止，因此“deterred”意为“prevented”，故选D。
B
Ellie loved visiting Grandma. She loved listening to her aunt’s jokes. She loved playing with her cousins. Most of all, Ellie loved her grandma’s chicken adobo—a special Philippine (菲律宾) dish. But this year, when Ellie arrived early to help, grandma asked her to make the dish by herself because she had to visit a sick friend.
“But I don’t know how!” Ellie said. “Don’t worry!” Grandma pulled out the ingredients and explained how to make the dish. Then she said. “See you in a few hours. Good luck!”
When the dish was cooked, Ellie tasted it, “Ugh!Too sour!” So she mixed some sugar.” Then she took another bite.“No! Too sweet!” She added a little more of this and a little more of that until it tasted good. Soon, the dinner began. “Who made this strange looking adobo?” Uncle Joe said. Ellie’s heart sank (下沉) and she ran into the house to hide. She was crying when grandma found her.
“What’s wrong?” Grandma asked. “They’re making fun of my adobo. I wanted it to be perfect like yours.” Ellie said. Grandma put an arm around Ellie’s shoulder. “Your uncles are always joking. I am sure your adobo is delicious. In Philippines, we have many kinds of adobo. Some people add milk. Some add carrots. Did you know being different is a kind of perfect?”
Ellie smiled. They went outside, Ellie took a bite of her adobo. It was actually good! Grandma tried it too. “It is perfect!”
36. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. Grandma encouraged Ellie.
B. Ellie learned to be different.
C. Grandma taught her to cook adobo.
D. Ellie wanted to be perfect.
【答案】 36. A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Your uncles are always joking. I am sure your adobo is delicious”可知，第四段主要讲述了奶奶鼓励了作者，故选A。
C
We live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other. It used to be very quiet. Nothing much ever happened around here. However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town. Victor, a teacher at my school, is really nervous. When he was interviewed by the town newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises outside our window. My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun. My parents called the policemen, but they couldn’t find anything strange. They think it might be the wind. I don’t think so!”
Victor’s next-door neighbor Helen is worried, too. “At first, I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog. But then, what could it be?” One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. “I think it was too big to be a dog.” she said. “Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.”
Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it? We have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is going to happen. The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.
38. What does the underlined sentence “I think it was too big to be a dog.” mean?
A. I think the dog was too big.
B. I don’t think it was a dog.
C. I think it was a big dog.
D. I don’t think the dog was big.
40. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. A Small and Quiet Town
B. Strange Happenings in My town
C. Animals in Our Neighborhood
D. Different Neighbors in My Town
【答案】 38. B 40. B
【解析】本文讲述了一个小镇上发生的怪事，每天晚上人们都能听见窗外有奇怪的声音，镇上的人有各种猜测，大家很不安。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.”可知，她认为是熊或者狼，不是狗，too...to...“太……而不……”，本句表示“我认为它太大而不可能是狗”。故选B。
【40题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段“However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town.”以及后文叙述可知，本文讲述了作者小镇上发生的怪事，B项“我的镇上发生了怪事”最适合做标题。故选B。
D

Bryan raced into the kitchen.“Dad! Look!” he called. The door was closed behind him.“I found the pet at the river!” He held up a big-eyed bullfrog(牛蛙) for his dad to see.“I named him Hoppy.”Dad bent down for a closer look.“Hello there handsome”
Bryan smiled, “Do you think Hoppy will like it here?” he asked.
Dad touched Bryan’s hair, “Why don’t you keep him for a while? And then we’ll see how he’s doing.”
“OK,” said Bryan. “Come on, Hoppy. I’ll show you my room.”Bryan found a shoebox. He cut out air holes in the top. On the sides of the box he wrote H-O-P-P- Y. “Welcome to your new home,” he said.“In you go, Hoppy”
“Lunch is ready!” Dad called from the kitchen. Bryan ate his peanut butter sandwich, saving little for Hoppy.
“Are you hungry?” Bryan asked. He lifted his frog out of the box and put the sandwich bits on the floor in front of him.“Eat up, Hoppy.” he said.
Bryan watched…Hoppy didn’t eat. Bryan waited…Hoppy just sat and stared.
“Maybe he’s not used sandwiches ,” said Bryan. “I’m sure you’re right,” agreed Dad. “Let’s play outside, Hoppy,” said Bryan,“Maybe you need exercise.”
In the sandbox, Bryan built obstacle course. He made hills with sand. He used toys to make holes and walls. Bryan explained the course to Hoppy. “First you jump here to there—then up and over—then one giant jump—TAA—DAAH!—to the finish line.”
He put Hoppy on the starting line. “Ready? Get set...Go!”
Bryan cheered. Hoppy didn’t move.
Bryan cheered and clapped...Hoppy sat and stared.
Bryan put Hoppy back in the box and carried him into the house. “I think Hoppy’s tired,” he told his dad.“I’m going to make him a cozy bed.”
“What do you really want?” Bryan wondered. Suddenly, Bryan jumped to his feet.” “Come on, Hoppy, I know what you want.”
A little later, Bryan ran into the house. “What’s the hurry? And where’s Hoppy?” Dad asked.
“I took him back to the small river. He must be glad to be home!”
“How could you tell?” Dad asked. “Well,” said Bryan,“When I put Hoppy down, he jumped across three rocks to the middle of the river. He caught a fly on his tongue and ate it. Just before Hoppy jumped into the water, I saw him smile at me.”
45. What is the best title for this story?
A. An Interesting Pet. B. Bryan and His Dad.
C. Bryan and Hoppy. D. A Home for Hoppy.
【答案】 45. D
【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了小男孩儿Bryan为牛蛙Hoppy制作舒适的家，最后发现牛蛙真正的家是在河水里，全文围绕牛蛙和家叙述，因此最佳标题是D项“Hoppy的家”。故选D。
People often hear bad news on TV, the “Touching China” award on Tuesday sends a different message.The award honors(给……以荣誉) ten of China’s role model(道德模范) in 2012. The award winners are carefully selected(推选) by people. The “Touching China” award has been held every year since 2003.
Luo Yang is one of the ten role models. He is the late Commander in chief(前总指挥官) of the program for developing the J-15 fighter(歼—15战斗机). He died from overwork. And Lin Junde, a scientist who dedicated his whole life to China’s nuclear course(核事业). There are also ordinary citizens(公民) who have made a difference, like Zhang Lili, 29, a Chinese language teacher at No.19 Middle School in the city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province. On the evening of May 8, Zhang was crossing the road outside the school gate with several students. A school bus came rushing towards them. Zhang pushed two students out of the way. They were saved, but Zhang was hit. She was sent to the local hospital but lost both her legs. When facing the choice between life and death—for her students and for herself, Zhang chose to protect her students. Many people were deeply moved by her story. Now people think she is the Most Beautiful Teacher in China.
37. What does the underlined word “dedicated” mean in Chinese?
A. 赠予 B. 奉献 C. 提供 D. 回报
40. What’s the best title of the passage? ________
A. Two great scientists.
B. The “Touching China” award of 2012.
C.The Most Beautiful Teacher.
D. A moving story of Zhang Lili.
【答案】 37. B 40. B
【解析】
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“He died from overwork...China’s nuclear course”可知，他死于过度工作，一位为中国核能事业奉献了一生的科学家。联系前后句可猜测出下划线单词“dedicated”的意思应为“奉献”。故选B。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“The award honors(给……以荣誉) ten of China’s role model(道德模范) in 2012.”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了2012年的感动中国人物。故选B。