初中英语中考非谓语动词专题复习

中考英语非谓语动词专题复习一、知识点归纳（一）非谓语动词的基本形式动词：He  asks  me  to  help  him  often.谓语     非谓语谓语动词：时态/被动语态非谓语：do/ to do/ doing/ done（二）非谓语动词的判定非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空和词组翻译题型中均有涉及。学生在做此类试题时应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式或者非谓语的哪种形式。如何确定使用动词的哪种形式具体讲解详见动词的时态，下面列举几种常见的判定非谓语动词形式的方法：如何判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。①当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是谓语动词。②当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。（三）非谓语动词的分类（不定式、动名词）1.不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。2.不定式的基本用法作主语：（1）动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻。其结构为It+be+adj.+to  do sth.To learn English well is  useful.=It is useful to learn   English well.（2）如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for   sb.+to do sth.It is good for you to go  out for a walk.（3）某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of   sb.+to do sth.It’s not polite of him to  speak to old people like that.（4）两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略toTo go to sleep early and  get up early is a good habit.作宾语：(1)不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的及物动词有:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等I can’t afford to buy a  digital camera at the moment.(2)在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面I find it easy to read  English every day.作宾语补足语(1)常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would  like,advise,encourage等My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.(2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look   at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时必须加上toI often hear Li Ming sing  in the next room.(3)动词help后面的不定式,既可以带to,也可以不带toYou must help me(to)do my  homework this afternoon.作定语：(1)作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后I have some clothes to  wash.(2)如果不定式是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则不定式要加上相应的介词He is looking for a room  to live in.We have a lot of things to   alk about.(3)当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上省略介词My grandma had no place to  live(in)in the old days.(4)不定式修饰   something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是“something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式”I had something cold to drink.作状语：(1)不定式作目的状语时可放在句首或句尾To be a good student，one must study hard.(2)和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语We are sorry to trouble you.(3)作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用He is old enough to go to  school.He istoo young to go to  school.作表语：表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明His wish is to become a   doctor.和疑问词连用不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分He didn't know  where to go.=He didn't know  where he should go.二、动词不定式的特殊句型①too…to… “太……而不能……”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。②…enough to…“……足够……”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他足够大能去上学了。③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？为什么不……呢？如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album?为什么不给她买个相册呢？④had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做……如：You'd better not stay here today.你今天最好别待在这儿。⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……吗？如：Will you please close the door?能请你把门关上吗？⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的”如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。It+be+形容词+不定式It’s hard to say which one is better.很难说哪一个更好。It+be+名词+不定式It was great fun to have a picnic there.在那里野餐很有意思。It+动词+名词/副词+不定式It took me 2 hours to finish my homework.完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。三、动名词（一）作主语单独作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Reading and writing are necessary for us.读书和写作对我们很有必要。（二）作表语动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.＝Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。（三）作宾语动词宾语, 多用来表示习惯性动作。如：I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。（四）常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy喜欢mind 介意finish完成keep持续suggest 建议practice 练习consider考虑  miss错过  imagine想象avoid避免can’t help忍不住go on 继续be worth值得be busy忙于give up放弃succeed in成功，设法look forward to期待be used to习惯于  end up以……结束put off推迟pay attention to注意be interested in对……感兴趣
（五）含有介词to的固定短语：make (a) contribution (s) to 为……做贡献devote oneself to 献身，致力于……look forward to 期待，盼望preferto 比起……更喜欢……be used to 习惯……，适应……pay attention to注意（六）某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别1.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做）I forget to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。2.remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。He tried speaking in English.他试着用英语讲。4.hear/see sb. doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事I often see him play football我经常看见他踢球I saw him playing football went I passed当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事Stop doing sth 停止做某事Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。Stop talking, please.请不要说话。6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事Mean doing sth 意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。（七）现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人a moving film一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun升起来的太阳（八）易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别1.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。3.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。