高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案:侧重复合句
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这是一份高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案:侧重复合句,共11页。
复合句
从句作什么成分就是什么复合句。
I like music that I can dance t.
复合句分为三大类:
形容词性从句:定语从句
副词性从句:状语从句
名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
关系词
就是连接词,一般没有汉语意思(除whse和as)
先行词
被从句所限定修饰的词或句子
关系词作用
特别要理解作句子成分的作用。
关系词的分类
可概括为“两类两特殊”
两类是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:that, which, wh, whm. 关系副词:when, where, why
两特殊:whse、as
关系词的选择
关系代词和关系副词没有汉语意思,因此要根据句子成分做选择
Whse和as有汉语意思,根据意思做选择。
关系代词:
从句不完整(即从句缺主语或宾语)一定用关系代词,然后再看先行词。
关系副词:
从句完整(即从句不缺主语或宾语)一定用关系副词,然后再看先行词。
注意:区分及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词后可以不接宾语。如:visit和arrive的区别
Whse和as根据句子的意思做选择:
Whse:“的”。I live in a huse whse windws face suth.
As:“像一样”。As is knwn t all, English is an imprtant subject.
特殊情况
关系代词that和which中,只能用that不能用which的情况。
先行词有最高级、序数词修饰或不定代词修饰时
The mst imprtant thing that shuld be dne right nw is hw t stp him frm ging n.
先行词即有人又有物
The rider and his bike that had run ver an ld wman were held up by the plice.
关系代词that和which中,只能用which不能用that的情况。
关系代词前有介词时(注意区分in that)
A z is a park in which many kinds f animals are kept fr exhibitin.
非限定性定语从句
从句和主句被逗号隔开
Mre and mre peple are beginning t learn English, which is becming very ppular in ur cuntry.
Which和as的区别
1.引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容时的区别:
(1)表达“正如”之意时,用as,如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意,则用which。
He went abrad, which was unexpected.
他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。
She is a gd dctr, as her mther used t be.
她是一个很出色的医生,和她母亲当年一样。
(2)当从句位于主句前面时,只用as。
As is knwn t everybdy, the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.
2.限制性定语从句中有such, the same时,其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that,但意义不一样)。
He is such a gd teacher as we all lve and respect.
他是一个我们都爱戴和尊敬的好老师。
This is the same pen as I lst.
这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。
3.as引导非限制性定语从句时,只能指代整个主句内容,而which既可以指代整个主句内容,又可以指代先行词。
The river, which flws thrugh Lndn, is called the Thames.
这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
4.as常与从句中的knw, see, hear, expect等动词连用,也常用于as ften happens, as is ften the case(常有的事)等句子中。
He was absent frm schl, as is ften the case.
他缺课了,这是常事。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点,也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子,填上合适的介词,并从中发现一些规律。
1.He was educated at a lcal grammar schl, ______ which he went n t Cambridge.
2.This is the farm ______ which he wrked tw years ag.
3.In the dark street there was nt a single persn ______ whm she culd turn fr help.
第一句话:根据句意可知,他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge,故介词用after。此句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。
第二句话:把从句补充完整为he wrked tw years ag n the farm (“在农场”为“n the farm”),句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义,即介词跟先行词的搭配。
第三句话:在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”这个短语是“turn t sb. fr help”,因此此处用介词t。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。
因此,考生在确定其中的介词时,可从以下三方面入手:
1.句子的意思;2.先行词的意义;3.从句中的动词固定搭配。
定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时,那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。
1.ne f+复数名词+关系代词+复数形式动词。如:
The Great Wall is ne f the wrldfamus buildings that draw lts f visitrs.
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
2.the nly ne f+复数名词+关系代词+单数形式动词。如:
The Great Wall is the nly ne f the buildings n the earth that is seen frm the mn.
长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。
Titanic is the nly ne f these wnderful mvies that has been prduced in Hllywd.
在这些精彩的电影中,《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。
3.当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as与which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Great changes have taken place in China, as is knwn t all.
众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。
He has passed the Cllege Entrance Examinatin, which makes his parents quite happy.
他通过了高考,这让他父母很高兴。
4.其他情况。如:
I, wh am yur teacher, will try my best t help yu.
我作为你的老师,会尽全力帮助你的。
状语从句
状语从句主要考连接词的选择,可通过连接词的意思来选择
时间状语从句
when,while,as
注意:when和while的区别
When+从句,+主句(主句用进行时)
When the teacher came in, the students were sleeping.
While+从句,+主句(从句用进行时)
While the students were sleeping, the teacher came in.
while还可以作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而,却”。
Liu Wang is frm Shanxi while Liu Yang cmes frm Henan.
as sn as,n sner... 和,the mment,the minute,immediately,directly,instantly
N sner had we arrived at the statin than the train left.
till, until和
He didn’t g t bed until his mther came back.
befre 和since
It will be +一段时间+befre ……..还要多久才……..
It will be half a year befre I cme back.
It is +一段时间+ 自从以来
It is three years since the war brke ut.
地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有主要有Where和wherever
注意和定语从句的区别
Yu’d better make a mark where yu have any questin.(状语从句)
Yu’ d better make a mark at the place where yu have any questin.(定语从句)
原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有:because, as, since, nw that, seeing that, cnsidering that
She's studying because she has a test tmrrw.
她正在学习,因为她明天有考试。
As it is raining, we shall nt g t the park.
由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。
Nw that/Since everybdy is here, let's begin ur meeting.
既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。
注意:when也可以表示原因,意为:since; cnsidering that既然;考虑到。如:
It was flish f yu t take a taxi when yu culd easily walk there in five minutes.
既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里,你却打车,你可真够愚蠢的。
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见连词有if,unless,as/s lng as,in case(万一),nce,n cnditin that,prvided/prviding (that),suppsing(that)等。
Yu'll fail the exam unless yu study hard.
除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。
As lng as yu dn't lse heart,yu will succeed.
只要你不灰心,你就会成功。
In case there is a fire,what will we d first?
万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有s that, in rder that, fr fear that, in case, lest等。
I'll speak slwly s that yu can understand me.
我会慢慢说,这样你就能理解我。
Take yur raincat in case/lest it shuld rain.
带上雨衣以防下雨。
结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:,
注意:和的区别
一般that前面有名词用such,没有名词用s
Mike is such an hnest wrker that we all believe him.
=Mike is s hnest that we all believe him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。
让步状语从句
althugh,thugh,as与while引导的让步状语从句
Althugh the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.
尽管艳阳高照,天气并不是很暖和。
注意:在形式倒装句中只能用thugh和as
Happy as they were, there was smething missing.
尽管他们快乐,但总缺少点什么。
althugh与thugh都可以与yet,still连用,但不能和but连用。
while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are prblems,I dn't agree that they cannt be slved.
尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
even if与even thugh引导的让步状语从句
I'll d it, even if it takes me all the afternn.
我要做这件事,即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。
Even if I were in yur place, I wuldn't take the jb.
即使我处于你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。
“n matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句
Dn't trust him, n matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么,不要相信他。
引导的让步状语从句
Whether yu believe it r nt, it is true.
不管你相信与否,那都是真的。
方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as thugh等
D as yu are tld t, r yu'll be fired.
告诉你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。
The ld lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感觉像是发烧了。
名词性从句
名词性从句的连接词
常用连接词
有词义的连接代词wh, whse, whm, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, hw; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。
一些常见连接词的区别
that与what的区别
that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较:
What I need is mre time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)
That I need mre time t d the wrk is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)
The village is n lnger what it used t be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)
I had n idea what we shuld d next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语)
He will tell us what he saw in Lndn.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)
注意:
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是:分析句子结构,看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。
wh, whever与n matter wh的区别
引导名词性从句,在句中作主语时用wh,意思是“谁”,含有疑问意味,whever意为“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味。whever在引导名词性从句时,相当于anyne wh,其中wh引导一个定语从句紧随其后。
另外,whever还可以引导让步状语从句,这时whever相当于n matter wh,但是n matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。请比较:
1.Wh has taken away my bag is unknwn.
谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whever显然句意不通)
2.Whever breaks the law will be punished.
无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whever表达的语气强烈)
3.I'm nt ging t let yu in, n matter wh yu are.
=I'm nt ging t let yu in, whever yu are.
(根据句意“我不会让你进去的,不管你是谁”,后面是一个让步状语从句,故用n matter wh或者whever)
【特别提醒】
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时,whever=anyne wh; whmever=anyne whm; whatever=anything that; whichever=anything/anyne that; whsever=any ne whse。
Whichever he likes will be given t him.=Anything that he likes will be given t him.
无论他想要哪个都可以给他。
Yu shuld give the bk back t whsever name(=anyne whse name) is n the cver f it.
你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。
名词性从句的语序和时态
从句用陈述语序(陈述句和倒装句在倒装句的专题中单独讲解)
名词性从句的时态在动词的时态和与语态专题中单独讲解。
名词性从句中it作形式主语和形式宾语
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary, imprtant, bvius等)+that从句.
(2)It+be+过去分词+that从句.
(3)It+be+名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an hnur等)+that从句.
(4)It+不及物动词(appear, happen等)+that从句.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
(1)It is (was)+ essential (imprtant, natural…) +that…
(2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…
That后面的从句动词都是用shuld+d的形式,shuld可以省略。
高考语法填空选练题
【2018高考选练】语法填空
Mst Americans dn't like t get advice frm members f their family. They get advice frm “strangers”. When they need advice, they dn't __1__ (usual) g t peple they knw. Instead many f __2__ write letters t newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice n many __4__ (difference) subjects including family prblems, the use f language, health, cking, child care, clthes, __5__ even n hw t buy a huse r a car.
Mst newspapers regularly print letters __6__ readers with prblems. Alng with the letters there are answers written by peple wh __7__ (suppse) t knw hw t slve such prblems. Sme f these writers are dctrs, and __8__ are lawyers r educatrs. But tw f __9__ mst famus writers f advice are wmen withut special __10__ (train) fr this kind f wrk.
解析:
1.usually 修饰动词g,用副词形式usually。
2.them 代替mst Americans,并作f的宾语,故填them。
3.that/which 所填词引导定语从句,修饰先行词newspapers and magazines,并在从句中作主语,故用that或which。
4.different 修饰名词用形容词形式different。
5.and 所填词连接n hw t buy...和n many different subjects...两个并列结构,故用and。
6.frm 本句意为“大部分报纸定期刊登读者来信提出的问题”。frm“来自,源自”。
7.are suppsed be suppsed t d sth.“应该做某事”,是固定用法;又因wh指代peple,故填are suppsed。
8.thers 由sme f these writers...可知,此处填thers,“一些……另一些……”。
9.the 形容词最高级前面加定冠词the。
10.training 所填词作withut的宾语,并且由形容词special修饰,故填名词形式training。
关系词
先行词
成分
that
人,物
主语,宾语
which
物
主语,宾语
wh
人
主语,宾语
whm
人
宾语
关系词
先行词
成分
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
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