第三章冠词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第三章冠词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共7页。学案主要包含了冠词的分类，冠词的用法，选择填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第三章 冠词思维导图 知识梳理一、冠词的分类冠词是加在名词前面的一种辅助词,帮助说明这个名词的含义,在句子中不能单独充当句子成分,是一种虚词.冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两种.其不用冠词的情况也称零冠词.(一)不定冠词不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的词前,an用在以元音开头的词前.判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母.a一般读/ə/,an一般读/ən/;在特别重读时,分别读/ei/和/æn/.a book/buk/一本书an apple/æpl/一个苹果a house/haʊs/一座房子an hour/aʊə(r)/一小时a university/ju:nrvɜːsəti/一所大学an island/ailənd/一座岛(二)定冠词定冠词只有the一种形式.它在辅音(这里指读音而不是指字母)前读/ðə/,在元音前读/ði/,在特别强调或单读时读/ði:/.the/ðə/book这本书the/ði/author这个作者the/ðə/writer 这个作家the/ði/age那个时代the/ðə/police 这个警察the/ði/end 结束(三)零冠词名词前不加冠词:by train乘火车二、冠词的用法(一)不定冠词的用法1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类.这是不定冠词的基本用法Give me a book.给我一本书.They are waiting for a bus.他们在等公共汽车.2.在月份、星期及evening, night, morning, afternoon等名词前有修饰定语时,一律用aA cold March is usually in the Northeast.东北的三月往往是冷的.On a windy morning he came back.在一个多风的早上他回来了.3.用在作同位语、表语的单数可数名词前,泛指身份、职业My father, a teacher of English, works very hard.我爸爸是英语教师,工作很努力.4.表示“同一”的意思They were nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁.The two shirts are much of a size.两件衬衫大小差不多.5.指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物A reporter wants to see you.有位记者要见你.Lend me a story-book, will you?借本故事书给我看,好吗?6.在表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”four times a day 每天四次sixty miles an hour每小时60英里7.用在“such a...”,“quite a...”,“many a...”,“rather a...”,“so＋形容词＋a+单数可数名词”的结构中She is such a beauty.她就是这么一个美人.His lazy son is quite a bother to him.他的懒儿子很令他伤脑筋.8.第一次提到或出现“某一个”,但并不特别指明具体情况One day, an old woman went into a shop with her grandson.一天,一位老妇带着孙子进了一家商店.She was puzzled by a poster.她被一张海报搞糊涂了.9.用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”Would you like a second chance?你想再要一次机会吗?10.表示“类别”,表示一类人或事物A horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物.A doctor is a person who saves people's life.医生就是拯救人们生命的人.(二)定冠词的用法1.特指某个/些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Shut the door, please.请关上门. Give me the pencil.把那支铅笔给我.2.用在主要由普通名词构成的专有名词前the People's Daily《人民日报》the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国3.用在表示阶级、党派的名词前the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党4.对前面已提到过的人或事物,第二次提到时加定冠词,用以表示特指I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.在箱子里发现一张画.这张画非常漂亮.Once there lived a lion in a forest. Every day the lion went about to look for food.从前在一片森林里有一只狮子,它每天到处寻找食物.5.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等地理名词前加定冠词the Pacific(Ocean)太平洋 the Red Sea红海 the Thames泰晤士河6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.元月是一年中的第一个月.7.用在某些形容词前,表示“一类人”the old老年人the young青年人 the poor穷人the rich富人8.用在表示宇宙间独一无二的事物的名词前the sun 太阳the moon月亮the earth地球the sky天空.9.用在单数名词之前表示一类人或事物The elephant is an animal.大象是动物.The orange is a kind of fruit.橘子是一种水果.10.用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或一个家族The Wangs have moved.王家已经搬家了.The Bakers came to see us yesterday.昨天贝克一家来看我们.11.用在表示方向、方位的名词前in the east在东面in the south在南面in the west在西面12.“the+形容词比较级．．．,＋the+形容词比较级”表示“越······越····..”The sooner you go, the sooner you will be back.走得越早你就回得越早.13.用在乐器名词前play the violin拉小提琴play the flute吹笛14.当名词被短语或从句修饰时,名词前要加定冠词The book on the desk is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的.This is the present I received yesterday.这是我昨天收到的礼物.15.用在一些固定词组中in the end 结果in the morning 在早晨by the way 顺便问一下on the whole 大体上(三)不用冠词的场合1.在大多数专有名词前Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都.His name is Jack Green.他的名字叫杰克·格林.2.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示泛指意义而不是特指意义时They are teachers, not students.他们是老师,不是学生.People in the south like rice.南方人喜欢吃米饭.3.泛指的复数词表示“一类人或事物”时,不用冠词Computers are being used in many ways.计算机正在很多方面被应用.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.桌椅通常是木制的.4.物质名词或抽象名词前Failure is the mother of succss.失败是成功之母.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.桌椅通常是木制的.5.在称呼语或表示官衔职位的名词前,不用冠词Good morning, mum!妈妈,早上好！Doctor, I am not feeling well.医生,我感觉不好.6.在表示泛指的三餐饭和茶点等的名称前Have you had breakfast?你吃过早饭了吗?What did you have for supper?你晚饭吃什么了?7.表示学科、疾病、球类、游戏、颜色和感官名称的名词前White is a beautiful colour.白色是美丽的颜色.Smell is one of the five senses.嗅觉是5种感官之一.8.在某些习惯用语中的名词前,不用冠词go to school 去上学go to bed 去睡觉be in hospital 住院be in prison 坐牢be at table 在吃饭at noon(night)在中午(夜晚)at first 首先at last最后9.在节日、假日等名称前New Year's Day 元旦National Day 国庆节May Day 五一劳动节Children's Day 儿童节10.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前by bike骑自行车by bus 公共汽车by tube 乘地铁by coach 乘长途公共汽车11.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或限定词时,不用冠词My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的贵多了.I want to read some books about history.我想读一些关于历史的书.(四)用冠词与不用冠词差异在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里go to sea 出海go to the sea 去海边on earth 究竟on the earth 地球上,在世上in front of在······(外部的)前面in the front of在······(内部的)前面take place 发生take the place of 代替at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in future 从今以后,将来in the future 未来go to school(church...)上学(做礼拜·····)go to the school(church...)到学校(教堂)去two of us 我们当中的两人the two of us 我们两人(共计两人)  好题精练一、在需要的空白处填上适当的冠词a, an, the或“/”1.________ card2. ________ university3. ________ honest student4. ________ table5. ________ European6. ________ interesting film7. ________ second floor8. ________ tallest girl9. ________ Japan10. ________ Paris11.play________ violin12.play________ football13.go to________ bed答案：1.a    2.a    3.an    4.a    5.a 6.an    7.the    8.the    9./    10./11.the    12./    13./二、在必要的地方填上适当的冠词1.There is________ house at________ foot of________ hill.2.Taiwan is________ island, it is________ largest island in China.3.He wants some food and________ bowl of soup.4. ________ clouds over________ sea were lovely yesterday.5.Here is________ useful book to read.答案：1.a,the,the    2.an,the    3.a    4.The,the    5.a三、选择填空1.They have________ English test once________ week.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; aD./;/2.He takes________ active part in our school activities.A. aB. theC. anD./3.Is________ Russia________ Asian or________ European country?A./; an; aB. the; an; aC./; an; anD./; the; the4.Have you ever seen________ as tall as this one?A. a treeB. such treeC. an treeD. tree5.Tom likes playing________ violin. Frank likes playing________ bridge.A. the;/B./;theC./;/D. the; the6.His father is________ old doctor. He often tells him not to smoke in________ public.A. a;/B. an;/C. an ;theD./;the7. ________ singer and________ dancer is to attend the gathering.A. The; theB. The;/C. The; aD. A; a8.What________ fine weather we are having these days!A. aB. anC. theD./9.I have________ today.A. a headacheB. headachesC. the headacheD. headache10.We all know that________ elephant is________ kind of________ animal.A. an;/;anB. the; a;/C. a;/;/D. a; a;/11.Our teacher is giving us a lesson in________ composition.A. aB. theC. anD./12.You left________ “s” in________ spelling of the word “address”.A. the; theB. a; theC. an;/D .an; the13.He left for Qingdao by________.A. a shipB. the shipC. shipD. an ship14.He is fond of playing________ piano while Alice is interested in listening to________ music.A. the;/B./;theC. the; theD./;/15.Have________ second cup of tea, please.A. theB. aC./D. an答案：1-5BCAAA   6-10BBDAB    11-15DDCAB四、找出下列句子中冠词使用的错误并加以改正1.He went to the America two years ago.____________________________________________________________________________________________2.I love the music and art.____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Those are girls who live next door.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.It takes us about an hour to go to Hainan Island by the plane.____________________________________________________________________________________________5.My parents usually have the lunch in the factory.____________________________________________________________________________________________6.I'll never forget dinner we had together.____________________________________________________________________________________________7.The table tennis is a favourite sport in our country.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.the America→ America2.the music→ music3.girls→the girls4.by the plane→ by plane5.the lunch→ lunch6.dinner→the dinner7.The table→ Table