第四章数词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第四章数词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共8页。学案主要包含了数词的定义，数词的分类，数词的句法功能，分数，时间表示法，星期表示法，月份，世纪等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第四章 数词思维导图 知识梳理一、数词的定义表示数字、数目和顺序的词叫做数词.二、数词的分类数词分为基数词和序数词.基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序.(一)基数词的表示法1~1213~1920~90100~1,000,000,000Onethirteentwenty百a/one hundredTwofourteenthirty千one thousandThreeGfteenforty万ten thousandFoursixteenfifty十万one hundred thousandFiveseventeensixty百万one millionSixeighteenseventy千万ten millionSevennineteeneighty亿 one hundred millionEight－ninety十亿one billion(美)nine－－－ten－－－eleven－－－twelve－－－1.1~12的基数词one 1two 2three 3four 4five 5six 6seven 7eight 8nine 9ten 10eleven 11twelve 122.从13~19,其中多数是在基数词后加-teen,但应特别注意13,15和18的拼法thirteen 13fourteen 14fifteen 15sixteen 16seventeen 17eighteen 18nineteen 19 3.20~90各整十位数的基数词由2~9加后缀-ty构成twenty 20thirty 30forty 40fifty 50sixty 60seventy 70eighty 80ninety 90注意:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的拼写变化.4.21~29的基数词由十位数20加个位数1~9构成,十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“－”twenty-one 21twenty-two 22twenty-three 23twenty-four 24twenty-five 25twenty-six 26twenty-seven 27twenty-eight 28twenty-nine 29其他的十位数依此类推.thirty-nine 39forty-eight 48fifty-seven 57sixty-six 66seventy-five 75eighty-four 84ninety-three 93 5.101~999的基数词的表达方式为:1~9之间任一基数词＋hundre＋hundred+and+(整十位数＋连字符”－”)＋个位数three hundred and fifty-six 356             six hundred and eight 6086.同汉语一样,英语“百”位数以上的单位是“千”,但“千”位数以上的单位是“百万”.英语中没有“万”这个词,是用“十千”来表示,而“十万”在英语中用“百千”来表示hundred 百thousand 千 ten thousand 万one/a hundred thousand 十万million 百万one/a billion(a/one thousand million)十亿点拨hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数字时,没有复数形式.如有,则表示不定数目(常与of连用).如:hundreds(thousands, millions) of dollars 成百(成千,成百万)美元thousands and thousands of people 成千上万的人millions of reasons 许许多多的理由(二)序数词的表示法第1~第12第13~第19第20~第991stfirst13ththirteenth20thtwentieth2ndsecond14thfourteenth30ththirtieth3rdthird15thfifteenth40thfortieth4thfourth16thsixteenth50thfiftieth5thfifth17thseventeenth60thsixtieth6thsixth18theighteenth70thseventieth7thseventh19thnineteenth80theightieth8theighth－－90thninetieth9thninth－－21stTwenty-first10thtenth－－32ndThirty-second11theleventh－ 43rdForty-third12thtwelfth－－54thFifty-fourth第100以上第101~第909100thhundredth101sthundred and first1000ththousandth202ndtwo hundred and second1,000,000thmillionth909thnine hundred and ninth1.第1至第19,除第1(first)、第2(second)、第3(third)外,其余均在基数词的后面加－th构成,读／0/.在这些序数词中,fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth的拼法与基数词有区别2.第20至第90是将基数词词尾y变成i,再加－eth构成,－ieth读／iə0/3.hundred,thousand,million的序数词均在其后加－th构成,即 hundredth, thousandth, millionth4.几十几及以上的序数词,其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词,只有个位数才用序数词第21-twenty-first(21st)第99-ninety-ninth(99th)第101-hundred and first(101st)第274-two hundred and seventy-fourth(274th)第1805-one thousand eight hundred and fifth(1805th)三、数词的句法功能数词在句子中有着和形容词或不定代词相类似的功能.因此,数词可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语.(一)作主语The first is yours.第一个是你的.How many of you are making the trip? There are four of us.你们有多少人去旅行?我们有4人.(二)作宾语He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的人之一.Give me two.给我两个.(三)作表语Six times six is thirty-six.6乘6等于36.Marx was already fifty when he began to study Russian.马克思开始学俄语时已经50岁了.(四)作定语Now, let's come to the second picture.现在让我们看第二幅图画.There are five different time zones in the United States.在美国有五个不同的时区.(五)作同位语We will have a speech contest on Monday, the 28th of May.我们将于5月28日星期一举行演讲比赛.Is there room for us two?有我们两个人的位置吗?四、分数、小数、百分数和倍数   (一)分数分数是由基数词和序数词合成的.分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子是1时,分母(序数词)用单数形式;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,序数词加－s,当分数前面带有整数时,要用连词and连接1/3 one/a third2/3two-thirds 4/5four-fifths点拨1/2通常不读作one second,而用a/one half表示数学中可以都用基数词读,如1/2读作one over two,2/3读作two over three,3/4读作three over four.(二)小数小数的读法是:小数点(point)前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后则须将数字一一读出0.25 zero point two five        1.34one point three four“0”的读法有:zero, nought(美),o/əu/.(三)百分数百分数中的百分号“％”读作percent,无复数形式5%     five percent                   0.8%  zero point eight percent100%   one hundred percent            45%   forty-five percent(四)倍数英语用twice/double表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词加times表示.This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间有那个房间三倍大.He is double my age.他的年龄是我的两倍.五、时间表示法(一)表示“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock,但o'clock常可省略.前面用介词at表示“在几点钟”We get up at six (at six o'clock).我们6点起床.(二)表示“几点过几分”用past,但分钟数须在半小时以内(包括半小时在内)7:05 five past seven7:15 fifteen (a quarter) past seven7:30 half past seven(三)表示“几点差几分”,用介词to,但分钟数须在半小时以上(不包括半小时在内)7:57 three to eight11:46 fourteen to twelve2:40 twenty to three(四)几刻钟一刻钟－a quarter三刻钟－three quarters9点一刻－a quarter past nine.六、星期表示法星期开头第一个字母须大写.表示“在星期几”,用介词on.如:on Sunday.(后附其缩写式)星期日 Sunday Sun. 星期一 Monday Mon.星期二 Tuesday Tues.星期三 Wednesday Wed.星期四 Thursday Thurs. 星期五 Friday Fri.星期六 Saturday Sat. 七、月份、日期表示法(一)月份名称月份开头第一个字母须大写.(后附其缩写式;其中,五月无缩写式)一月 January Jan. 二月 February Feb.三月 March Mar. 四月 April Apr.五月 May  六月 June Jun.七月 July Jul.  八月 August Aug.九月 September Sep./Sept.  十月 October Oct.十一月 November Nov.  十二月 December Dec.点拨表示“在某月”用介词in.如:in October在十月.(二)某年某月某日表示某年某月某日,常在年份前加上逗号.表示月、日时既可先写“月”再写“日”,也可先写“日”再写“月”.日期中的“几号”可用基数词,也可用序数词.介词应用on.On 17(th) May,20202020年5月17日On May 17(th),2020年和月连用时,应把月写在前面,年写在后面,中间可以用逗号分开,也可以不用.August 2019                    December,2019月和日连用时,可用两种方法来表示.如5月4日可写成May 4(读作May the fourth)或4th May(读作the fourth of May).八、世纪、年代表示法20世纪               (in) the 20th century30年代               (in) the thirties2020年               (in) 2020(twenty twenty)20世纪90年代        (in) the 1990s或1990's(nineteen nineties)九、温度计刻度读法用基数词表示:degree表示“度”;centigrade表示“百分度的,摄氏”;minus表示“负的”;point表示“小数点”.－3℃         读作:minus three degrees centigrade(或three below zero)－18℃        读作:minus eighteen degrees centigrade(或 eighteen below zero)20℃          读作:twenty degrees centigrade25.3℃         读作:twenty-five point three degrees centigrade十、四则运算表示法(一)运算符号＋读作:plus/and                           －读作:minus/from/take awayx读作:times/multiplied by                   ÷读作:over/divided by＝读作:equal(s)/is equal to,或is/are,或makes/make(二)算式的读法3+6=9 Three plus six is nine.                  5+5=? How much is five plus five?10-5=5 Ten minus five is five.                 4x2=8 Four times two is eight.20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five.          25-5=? How much is twenty-five minus five?(三)编号表示法编号可用序数词或基数词表示,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词;基数词位于名词之后.即“the+序数词＋名词”或“名词＋基数词(首字母常大写)”.第五页:the fifth page或Page 5第二课:the second lesson或Lesson Two(四)年龄表示法1.一般情况下多用“基数词＋year(s)+old”表示年龄,也可以直接用基数词表示年龄.I'm 18 years old when I start to live on my own.我开始独立生活时18岁.He is a student,15,from Anhui.他是一个学生,15岁,来自安徽.2.表示一个人具体的岁数时,可以用“at the age of+基数词＂“at the+基数词”或“at+基数词”He started to learn piano at the age of seven.他在7岁的时候开始学习钢琴.3.“in one's+整十基数词的复数形式”可表示“在某人几十岁时”He went to London in his twenties.他在二十多岁时去了伦敦.(五)hundred, thousand, million等词的用法1.表示确切数目时,用基数词加hundred, thousand, million等The volunteers sent two hundred books to a mountain village school on Children's Day.在儿童节那天,志愿者向一所山村学校寄了两百本书.2.表示不确切的数目时,hundred, thousand, million等后加s且与of连用Do you know that the Earth is home to millions of animals?你知道地球是数百万动物的家园吗? 好题精练一、用英语表示下列基数词1.52.83.124.525.766.1087.1,0038.1,5629.13,42710.3,872,658答案：1.five    2.eight    3.twelve    4.fifty-two    5.seventy-six    6.one hundred and eight7.one thousand and three    8.one thousand, five hundred and sixty-two9.thirteen thousand, four hundred and twenty-seven10.three million, eight hundred and seventy-two thousand, six hundred and fifty-eight二、写出相应的序数词1.two2.four3.thirteen4.fifteen5.eighteen6.twenty7.twenty five8.fifty four9.hundred10.two hundred and two答案：1.second    2.fourth    3.thirteenth    4.fifteenth    5.eighteenth 6.twentieth   7.twenty-fifth    8.ffty-fourth9.hundredth    10.two hundred and second三、用英文写出下列词组1.一个半小时2.6点12分3.差5分12点4.第10课5.1949年10月1日6.在1952年7.在3月8日8.15路公共汽车9.第25页答案：1.an hour and a half2.twelve past six3.fve(minutes) to twelve4.Lesson Ten5.October the first,nineteen forty-nine6.in nineteen fifty-two7.on March the eighth8.Bus Number Fifteen/No. 15 bus9.Page Twenty-fine四、完成下列句子1.There are_________ days in a week.2.“M”is the_________ letter in the word “autumn”.3. _________ (第100位)student is the tallest.4.September is_________ month of the year.5.He studies at_________ (第35中学)．答案：1.seven    2.fifth    3.The hundredth    4.the ninth    5.No.35 High School