江苏省南京市中华中学2021-2022学年高三上学期测试（4）英语试题含解析

这是一份江苏省南京市中华中学2021-2022学年高三上学期测试（4）英语试题含解析，共17页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 中华中学2021-2022学年度第一学期测试（4）试卷
高三英语
本卷考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
A
HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE
Join in the holiday fun at the powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition, evolution & Revolution: Chinese dress 1700s to now. DON'T FORGET our other special event, the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus (马戏团)! 150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience!
●Chinese Folk Dancing: Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney. Dances include: The Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance. A feature will be the Qin Dynasty Emperor’s court dance. Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing Opera performances.
Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11:30 a.m. & 1:30 p.m.
●Australian Chinese Children’s Arts Theatre: Well-known children’s play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth group. Performance include Chinese fairy tales and plays.
Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11:30 a.m. &1:30 p.m.
●Chinese Youth League: A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances, and a musician playing Er Hu.
Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall, 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
●Kids Activity: Make a Paper Horse: Young children make a paper horse cut-out. (The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting, indicating a kind of advancement.) Suitable for ages 8-12 years.
Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall, 12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.
●Club Med Circus School: Learn circus skills, including the trapeze(空中飞人), trampolining(蹦床) and magic. Not only for children over 5. There are 40 places available in each I hour and these must be booked at the front desk, level 4, on the day.
Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11:30 a.m. &1:00 p.m.
Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse. Our family membership covers two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.
Members receive Powerline, our monthly magazine, discounts in the shops and the restaurants, as well as free admission to the Museum. All this for as little as $50,000 a year! Call (02) 92170600 for more details.
1. When can you watch the Chinese drum dance?
A. On July 2. B. On July 3. C. On July 6. D. On July 8.
2. To learn the magic tricks, you can go to ________.
A. Kids Activity B. Chinese Youth League
C. Children's Arts Theatre D. Club Med Circus School
3. What is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum?
A. Calling (02) 92170600. B. Gaining family membership.
C. Coming for the holiday fun. D. Paying Powerline $50,000 a year.
B
A bird called hermit warbler breeds(繁殖) along the U.S.West Coast. They all kind of look the same and they have a cute little yellow head and a gray body. Typically, birds sing the same one song within one region because the song attracts mates. And different regions can have slightly different dialects of the song. But recently biologists noticed that there are some places that are exceptions to this rule-in some places, there is more than one song in the same place. “So we were curious why that would be the case.” Brett Furnas, a bio-statistician at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife said.
To investigate, Furnas and his team recorded lots of hermit warbler’s songs. In 10 years, they went to 100 different locations throughout the state and all the different potential habitats of the species. The researchers analyzed all the hermit warbler songs they collected and discovered that the hermit warbler doesn’t just break the usual one-song-per-region rule-they positively demolish it, for the researchers found, actually, an amazing 35 different dialects across the state.
But why would the bird repeatedly “alter its song” when any changes could affect its ability to attract a mate? Basically, hermit warblers are very sensitive to fire in the short term, so they will abandon an area temporarily, even if it’s just a low-severity fire that doesn’t destroy the whole stand. And then other hermit warblers singing different dialects move into this area. And then they end up, maybe a few years later, with two or more different dialects in the same place.
Furnas says that such musical diversity might actually work in the hermit warblers’ favor. “They may have greater resiliency(恢复力) to things like climate change. So understanding that helps us to make better conservation decisions to protect biodiversity. But it’s also what makes the outdoors interesting and a beautiful place to be, because even though you might not know it’s a hermit warbler, your experience outdoors is enriched by that diversity.”
1. What is the purpose of Furnas’ research on hermit warbler?
A. To figure out how the bird breeds.
B. To study the one-song-per-region rule.
C. To find why its songs differ within one region.
D. To investigate different habitats of the bird.
2. What does “demolish” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. To show the rule is wrong.
B. To prove the rule to be true.
C. To explain what the rule means.
D. To make the rule difficult to understand.
3. Why does hermit warbler frequently have its song “changed”?
A. Because of the food shortage.
B. Because of the less-severe wildfire.
C. Because of the need to attract a mate.
D. Because of the competition for habitats.
4. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. The effect climate change has on birds.
B. The importance of biodiversity protection.
C. The ways to enrich your outdoor experience.
D. The significance of the musical diversity of hermit warbler.
C
America has long been opposing adequate poverty policies because of its strong worry of thinking that the poor are responsible for their own situations, but a child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. I, and a growing number of scholars, believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances(津贴), without conditions, to every family with kids. (Higher-income families would have much of the money taxed away.)
A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive(认知的) and emotional damage in children. Despite policies that have expanded access to insurance, poor kids are still less healthy than the rest of the young population. They also drop out of school at higher rates, earn less money over time and are incarcerated(监禁) far more often than their better-off peers. That should be enough for us to recognize the moral tragedy that is child poverty, but we should note the broad effect too: reliable analyses show that the nation’s GDP is up to $1 trillion lower because of child poverty.
Poor children have many needs, but research shows that money may matter most. For example, a 2013 review of dozens of studies by London School of Economics researchers found that “Poorer children have worse cognitive, social-behavioral and health outcomes in part because they are poorer, and not just because poverty is related to other household and parental characteristics”.
It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically raising environment in which learning and social development can breed.
The historian Michael Katz correctly notes, “One of the odd aspects of the history of writing about poverty is the avoidance of the simple view that people are poor because they lack money,” yet both the left and the right defamed(诽谤) direct cash aid as a waste and a cause of laziness and abuse. It is good that Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang has stressed the benefits of a universal basic income, quoting studies that show such cash allowances do not cause the avoidance of work, but his plan could cost $2.8 trillion a year and the poor would have to return welfare assistance like food stamps to receive the money. For far less money — about $100 billion — the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane(人道的), practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor.
1. According to the author, what is the best approach to declare war on poverty?
A. Big tax reduction. B. Unconditional cash aid.
C. Reemployment project. D. Shifting attitude among people.
2. Why is child poverty described as a “moral tragedy” in paragraph 2?
A. There is a causal impact of childhood poverty on a country’s GDP performance.
B. It forces a burden on the family and prevents a positive family environment.
C. Children brought up in poverty are likely to suffer from disorders in brain.
D. Most poor children achieve less and exhibit more problem behaviors later.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Andrew Yang is highly thought of for the $2.8 billion plan for the poor.
B. Much importance has been placed on child poverty across the America.
C. Politicians are afraid that government relief will decrease labor motivation.
D. The traditional wisdom holds people have themselves to blame for poverty.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The historical suffering of the poor.
B. Push for the poor to save themselves.
C. An appeal for child poverty approach.
D. A positive new deal to help poor children.
D
According to a study published in the journal Science on Friday, Chinese scientists used carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and electricity to create starch(淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate(碳水化合物) found in plants. This new method allows the production of starch from carbon dioxide with an efficiency 8.5 times higher than the biosynthesis(生物合成) of starch in corn.
Experts believe that if this technique can be scaled up to the level of industrialization, it could revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is produced because it does not require farming and processing large quantities of starchy crops like sweet potato and corn, saving more water, fertilizer, and farming land.
It could also be used to convert carbon dioxide, a common industrial waste and greenhouse gas, into a consumable product. This will aid in reducing carbon emissions and preventing climate change, especially if the electricity used is generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind.
It may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and attempt to colonize other planets where growing food is impractical. Future space travelers may simply convert the carbon dioxide they expel into food.
According to Ma Yanhe, director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, starch and other complex carbs account for 60 to 80 percent of the human diet.
“Our breakthrough demonstrates that synthesizing(合成) complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology.” he said.
1. Which is not a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level?
A. It will have a positive influence on climate change.
B. It will generate renewable resources such as solar and wind.
C. It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts.
D. It will help save several sources from water to farming land.
2. The underlined word in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by ________ .
A. transform B. transfer
C. build D. make
3. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Starch, an important complex carbohydrate
B. The great benefits of starch
C. Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch
D. Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change
4. What does the following paragraph will talk about?
A. The process of synthesizing(合成) starch in a lab
B. Industries that can take good advantage of this technology
C. The biosynthesis(生物合成) of starch in corn
D. Starch plays an important role in human diet
二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food. We want slow food!”
____1____ One day Carl went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didn’t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo.
Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon became the Slow Food Movement. ____2____
First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasn’t been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. ____3____ Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different.
Second, food should be clean. Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.____4____ Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
And third, the price of food should be fair. ____5____ All people should be able to purchase healthy food. The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, healthy conditions.
A. Food should not cost too much money.
B. Its goal about food is divided into 3 parts: good, clean and fair.
C. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.
D. That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E. It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F. Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G. This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
My adviser interviewed me over the phone. He ____1____ my undergraduate record and thought I had a graduate degree.
Therefore, I was ____2____ to the Ph. D. program. He welcomed me into his lab even after knowing the ____3____ .
I began to get into a running start. I ____4____ myself into reading every paper found and testing scientific questions. But four years later, I felt lost because I ____5____ passed my qualifying exam. Then a friend asked me to volunteer as a barman at a gala(盛会). I was ____6____ at first, having never worked behind a bar, ____7____ I said yes in the end. I spent an evening ____8____ cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks. I was tired but also felt unbelievable — surprising how much ____9____ I had.
Later, I realized the reason why I enjoyed this experience so much was that the _____10_____ of this job were exactly what I was _____11_____ from my Ph. D. program. It was only physically tiring, for the tasks I did were _____12_____ . At that point, I had not had a pause in _____13_____ as hard as I could for four years, and I was completely _____14_____ of the toll(损害) it was taking on my spirit. Since then,I've tried to give my mind more _____15_____ .
1. A. disbelieved B. rejected C. misread D. mixed
2. A. introduced B. admitted C. accompanied D. compensated
3. A. criterion B. gap C. weakness D. error
4. A. argued B. tricked C. threw D. frightened
5. A. merely B. surprisingly C. easily D. barely
6. A. optimistic B. thrilled C. confused D. hesitant
7. A. but B. so C. and D. or
8. A. going about B. looking through C. bursting in D. carrying on
9. A. joy B. experience C. skill D. comfort
10. A. designs B. chances C. varieties D. demands
11. A. missing B. suffering C. learning D. avoiding
12. A. boring B. meaningful C. simple D. vague
13. A. hitting B. thinking C. winning D. complaining
14. A. nervous B. ashamed C. proud D. unaware
15. A. practices B. motivations C. breaks D. reasons
四、语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
After months of ____1____ (expect), the official mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games — a giant panda-inspired cartoon character — made ____2____ (it) first public debut(初次登台) with cheers at Beijing’s Shougang Ice Hockey Arena.
The panda is named “Bing Dwen Dwen” in Chinese. Bing means “ice” in Chinese, while Dwen Dwen suggests “health and ____3____ (clever) ” — characteristics also shared by pandas. Pandas are perhaps the most ____4____ (recognize) animal species in China, organizers said.
“Pandas combine China’s traditional culture and its modern appearance together with winter sports elements in a fascinating image ____5____ shows our hope for the Games and shows that we welcome the world,” said Beijing Mayor Chen Jining, who also serves ____6____ an executive president on the organizing committee.
“I have already seen the mascot and from ____7____ I’ve seen, it’s a wonderful choice,” IOC President Thomas Bach said before ____8____ (introduce) the character. “The mascot really takes in the best elements and characteristics of China and the Chinese people. It will be a great ambassador(大使) for the country and the 24th Winter Olympics.”
The introduction of the mascots marks the key point of a journey that began in August 2018, ____9____ Beijing organizers started a global design competition for the mascots. A total of 5,816 designs _____10_____ (receive) from 35 countries, and Chinese and international experts reviewed them in a comprehensive evaluation and selection process.
五、读后续写（共20分）
There was an elderly lady standing in the bone-chilling cold outside the back of the supermarket. She was holding a basket with bunches of flowers.
“Would you like the flowers, they are $3?” she asked me as I was walking past. I politely responded “No, thank you”, as I walked away and went inside the supermarket.
I was walking around the supermarket searching for the thing that I was needing to buy and thinking of that lady, standing in the cold holding her basket of flowers. Visualizing the beautiful flowers I had admired, her polite quiet voice and lonely figure, I wondered about her unknown story of standing in the cold with her basket. Maybe her family was in urgent need of money; maybe she was a lone soul to earn a living with her own hands...
I had my own personal struggles, I had to budget for everything and I appreciated that $3 was a lot for me, like many of us all and probably for her too. But it wasn’t my first thought when she had asked me about buying her flowers. My first thought was I didn’t have the cash but this couldn’t be used as an excuse for not buying those flowers. I had not carried cash with me for a few years and I thought many of us did the same.
When I went to the register to pay with my card I asked for $3 cash out. The staff member questioned me about the $3. I felt anxious about it quickly and tried to remember the money I had in my account. And at the same time she pressed the button to process it. I had mentioned that I wanted to buy flowers from the lady who was selling them outside. Sigh of relief. I was glad to see it all had been accepted by the machine and the staff member handed me the $3.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After giving her $3, I was surprised when she handed me the change.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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一、 阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，主要介绍Powerhouse提供多种有趣的假日休闲活动，以及休闲的内容，时间，地点，联系方式，价格以及优惠条件等。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Chinese Folk Dancing部分中“Dances include: the Golden and the Chinese drum dance.（舞蹈包括金鼓舞和中国鼓舞）”以及“Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July（6月29日星期日和7月2日星期三）”可知，7月2日可以看中国鼓舞。故选A。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Club Med Circus School部分中“Learn circus skills, including the trapeze, trampolining and magic.（学习马戏团技巧，包括空中飞人，蹦床和魔术）”可知，要学魔术，你可以去Club Med Circus School。故选D。
【3题详解】根据倒数第二段“Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse.（成为Powerhouse的成员，可以享受无限的免费参观和许多其他福利）”可知，在成为Powerhouse的会员之后就可以免费参观博物馆了。故选B。
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了隐林莺歌声多样性的原因和意义。
【1题详解】推理判断题。第一段“But recently biologists noticed that there are some places that are exceptions to this rule-in some places, there is more than one song in the same place. “So we were curious why that would be the case.””（但最近生物学家注意到，在一些地方，这一规律是例外的——在一些地方，同一处不止有一首歌。“所以我们很好奇为什么会这样。”）由此可知，弗纳斯研究隐林莺的目的是探寻隐林莺在同一个地区会有不同的歌声。故选C项。
【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“the hermit warbler doesn’t just break the usual one-song-per-region rule”（发现隐林莺不仅打破了通常的一个地区一首歌的规则）以及下文“for the researchers found, actually, an amazing 35 different dialects across the state.”（因为研究人员发现，实际上，在整个州有令人惊讶的35种不同的歌声）由此可知，它们证明了规则是错误的。划线词的意思是“证明了规则是错误的”。故选A项。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Basically, hermit warblers are very sensitive to fire in the short term, so they will abandon an area temporarily, even if it’s just a low-severity fire that doesn’t destroy the whole stand. And then other hermit warblers singing different dialects move into this area.”（基本上，隐林莺在短期内对火灾非常敏感，所以它们会暂时放弃一个地区，即使只是一场不会摧毁整个森林的低强度火灾。然后其他唱着不同歌声的隐林莺会搬到这个地区）。由此可知，隐林莺的歌声经常“改变”是因为低强度火灾。故选B项。
【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may have greater resiliency to things like climate change. So understanding that helps us to make better conservation decisions to protect biodiversity. But it’s also what makes the outdoors interesting and a beautiful place to be, because even though you might not know it’s a hermit warbler, your experience outdoors is enriched by that diversity”（它们可能对气候变化有更大的适应能力。因此，了解这一点有助于我们做出更好的保护决策，以保护生物多样性。但它也是让户外变得有趣和美丽的原因，因为即使你可能不知道它是一只 隐林莺，你的户外体验也因为它的多样性而丰富）由此可知，最后一段主要谈论了隐林莺歌声多样性的意义。故选D项。
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述了贫困会导致儿童的认知、情感损伤；贫困儿童的认知、社会行为和健康状况更差；作者认为政府应该每月无条件地给每个有孩子的家庭发放现金津贴及其原因。
1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I, and a growing number of scholars, believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances(津贴), without conditions, to every family with kids”我和越来越多的学者认为有一个解决办法：政府应该每月无条件地给每个有孩子的家庭发放现金补贴。可知，向贫困宣战的最好方法是无条件的现金援助。故选B项。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also drop out of school at higher rates, earn less money over time and are incarcerated(监禁) far more often than their better-off peers.”与富裕的同龄人相比，他们的辍学率更高，收入也更少，被监禁的频率也更高。可知，儿童贫困被描述为道德悲剧的原因是大多数贫困儿童的成就更少，表现出更多的问题行为。故选D项。
【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“yet both the left and the right defamed direct cash aid as a waste and a cause of laziness and abuse.”然而左派和右派都将直接现金援助诽谤为一种浪费，是懒惰和滥用的原因。可推知政治家们担心政府的救济会降低劳动积极性。故选C项。
【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The historian Michael Katz correctly notes, “One of the odd aspects of the history of writing about poverty is the avoidance of the simple view that people are poor because they lack money,” yet both the left and the right defamed(诽谤) direct cash aid as a waste and a cause of laziness and abuse.”历史学家迈克尔·卡茨正确指出的那样,很奇怪的一个方面写历史的贫穷是避免简单的认为人是可怜的，因为他们缺钱，而左派和右派都诽谤直接现金援助是浪费和懒惰和滥用的原因，以及上文所讲的贫困会导致儿童的认知、情感损伤；贫困儿童的认知、社会行为和健康状况更差。可知文章主要讲解穷人的历史苦难。故选A项。
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家成功地把二氧化碳转化为淀粉，并介绍这一技术工业化后可能给人类带来的影响。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“because it does not require farming and processing large quantities of starchy crops like sweet potato and corn, saving more water, fertilizer, and farming land.（因为它不需要种植和加工大量的淀粉类作物，如甘薯和玉米，这样会节省更多的水、化肥和耕地）”可知D项“这将有助于节约农业土地的水源”正确；根据第三段“This will aid in reducing carbon emissions and preventing climate change（这将有助于减少碳排放和防止气候变化）”可知A项“这对气候变化有积极影响”正确；根据第四段“It may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and attempt to colonize other planets where growing food is impractical.（它可能为宇航员提供可持续的食物来源，因为他们在太空中长途旅行，并试图殖民其他星球，种植粮食是不切实际的）”可知C项“它将为宇航员提供实用的食物解决方案”正确；再根据第三段“This will aid in reducing carbon emissions and preventing climate change, especially if the electricity used is generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind.（这将有助于减少碳排放和防止气候变化，特别是如果使用的电力来自太阳能和风能等可再生资源的情况下）”可知，二氧化碳转化为淀粉可能会使用太阳能和风能产生的电力，而不是产生太阳能和风能，B项表述错误。故选B项。
【2题详解】词句猜测题。 根据第三段“It could also be used to convert carbon dioxide, a common industrial waste and greenhouse gas, into a consumable product.”中的“carbon dioxide...into a consumable product.”可知，这种技术可以让二氧化碳变成消费品，由此推知，划线词convert意为“转化”，与transform同义。故选A项。
【3题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段的“According to a study published in the journal Science on Friday, Chinese scientists used carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and electricity to create starch(淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate(碳水化合物) found in plants.（根据周五《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究，中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢和电来制造淀粉，这是一种在植物中发现的复杂碳水化合物）”可知，文章报道了中国科学家成功地把二氧化碳转化为淀粉，并介绍这一技术工业化后可能给人类带来的影响，“中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉”是全文是基石和焦点，C项“Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch（中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉）”是最佳标题。故选C项。
【4题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology.（许多行业都能从这项技术中获益）”可推知，文章接下来可以谈论能够充分利用这项技术的行业（industries）。故选B项。
二、 七选五
【答案】1. G 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述慢食运动的起源和理念。
【1题详解】根据上文“When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted,“We do not want fast food. We want slow food!””（当一家新的麦当劳在一个美丽的历史遗址开业的时候，一些人站在餐厅外面大喊，“我们不想要快餐。我们想吃慢食！”）结合下文提到另一个开始“慢食”的故事可知，这次活动并不是人们开始慢食的唯一原因。选项G“这件事并不是开始慢食运动的唯一原因”符合题意。故选G。
【2题详解】根据下文“First, what is good food?”（首先，什么是好食物？），“Second, food should be clean.”（其次，食物应该要干净）和“And third, the price of food should be fair.”（第三，食物价格应该公平）可知，下文主要围绕食物的好，干净和价格公平三个方面来说的。选项B“食物的目标被分成三部分：好，干净和公平”符合题意，开启下文。故选B。
【3题详解】根据上文“Good food is seasonable.”（好的食物是按季节的）可知，季节性的时令食物才是好的。选项E“要想有那样的食物，它应该被种在一年里最好的时候”和上文意思一致。故选E。
【4题详解】根据上文“But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.”（但是，化学物质也会上海农场周围的自然环境）可知，这里描述农药一类的化学物质会有害。选项C“随着时间的推移，它们也会引起人们的身体问题”符合题意，上下文话题一致。故选C。
【5题详解】
根据上文“the price of food should be fair.”（食物价格应该公平）可知，这里是在描述食物价格的问题。选项A“食物不应该花太多的钱”与上文承接自然，话题一致。故选A。
三、 完形填空
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者因为偶然的原因开始投身博士生项目的攻读，但是四年之后成绩却差强人意，在酒吧打杂的工作却让他感受到快乐，作者由此感悟到应该给自己的大脑更多的休息时间。
【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看错了我的本科学位，以为我有硕士学位。A. disbelieved不相信；B. rejected拒绝；C. misread误读；D. mixed混合。根据空后的“and thought I had a graduate degree”可知，他误读了作者的学士学位，以为作者有硕士学位。故选C项。
【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我被录取进入了博士项目。A. introduced介绍；B. admitted允许；C. accompanied陪伴；D. compensated补偿。根据下文中的“He welcomed me into his lab”可知，作者被准许加入博士课程。故选B项。
【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使知道了错误，他还是欢迎我进入他的实验室。A. criterion标准；B. gap代沟；C. weakness弱点，D. error错误。根据上文可知，他误读了作者的学士学位，且把作者加进了博士课程，故此处“even”表示即使发现了错误，他还是欢迎作者到他的实验室。故选D项。
【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把自己投入到阅读每一篇能找到的论文和测试科学问题中。A. argued争论；B. tricked欺骗；C. threw扔；D. frightened使害怕。根据“myself into reading every paper found”可知，作者投身于阅读自己能找到的每一篇论文。argue oneself into“说服自己（做某事）”；trick oneself into“骗自己（做某事）”；throw oneself into“投身于，热衷于”；frighten oneself into“把自己吓得（做某事）”。故选C项。
【5题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但四年后，我感到很失落，因为我才勉强通过了资格考试。A. merely仅仅；B. surprisingly惊人地；C. easily轻松地；D. barely勉强。根据空前的“But four years later, I felt lost because”可知，此处表示虽然作者那么努力，但是他的资格考试勉强才及格。故选D项。
【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初我有些犹豫，因为我从来没有在酒吧工作过，但最后我还是答应了。A. optimistic乐观的；B. thrilled兴奋的；C. confused迷惑的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据下文中的“having never worked behind a bar”可知，作者从来没有在吧台工作过，由此可知，作者一开始是犹豫的。故选D项。
【7题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：起初我有些犹豫，因为我从来没有在酒吧工作过，但最后我还是答应了。A. but但是；B. so因此；C. and并且；D. or或者。根据“I was ________ at first”和“I said yes in the end”可知，作者一开始是犹豫的，但是最后答应了，由此可知，空处前后构成转折关系，故用but。故选A项。
【8题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我花了一个晚上的时间去切水果和做其他无需技能的工作。A. going about忙于；B. looking through浏览；C. bursting in看穿；D. carrying on闯入。根据空后提到的工作内容“cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks”和下文的tired可知，此处表示作者一整个晚上都在忙着切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活儿。故选A项。
【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很累，但也感到难以置信——惊讶于我有那么多的快乐。A. joy快乐；B. experience经历；C. skill技能；D. comfort安慰。根据下文的“why I enjoyed this experience so much”可知，作者惊叹于自己从中感到的乐趣。故选A项。
【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我意识到我如此享受这段经历的原因是，这份工作的要求正是我在我的博士项目中所缺少的。A. designs设计；B. chances机会；C. varieties种类；D. demands要求。根据“of this job were exactly”和上下文语境可知，作者意识到他如此享受这段经历的原因是这份工作的要求正是他在博士课程中所缺少的。故选D项。
【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我意识到我如此享受这段经历的原因是，这份工作的要求正是我在我的博士项目中所缺少的。A. missing缺少；B. suffering遭受；C. learning学习；D. avoiding避免。根据“from my Ph. D. program”和上下文语境可知，作者意识到他如此享受这段经历的原因是这份工作的要求正是他在博士课程中所缺少的。故选A项。
【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只是体力上的疲劳，因为我做的工作很简单。A. boring无聊的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. simple简单的；D. vague模糊的。根据上文中的“cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks”可知，此处表示作者做的工作很简单。故选C项。
【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，我四年来都尽可能不休息，一直努力思考，我完全没有意识到这对我精神的影响。A. hitting击打；B. thinking考虑；C. winning获胜；D. complaining抱怨。根据“I ________ myself into...”可知，作者四年来一直在攻读博士项目，所以此处指他一直在思考。故选B项。
【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，我四年来都尽可能不休息，一直努力思考，我完全没有意识到这对我精神的影响。A. nervous紧张的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. proud骄傲的；D. unaware没有意识到的。根据“I ________ myself into...”可知，作者四年一直忙着读书和思考，完全没有意识到它带给自己精神上的损害。be nervous of“害怕”；be ashamed of“为……感到羞愧”；be proud of“为……感到自豪”；be unaware of“没有意识到”。故选D项。
【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我试着给我的大脑更多的休息时间。A. practices练习；B. motivations动机；C. breaks休息；D. reasons原因。根据作者的经历和“I had not had a pause”可知，此处表示，从那以后，作者试着让他的大脑有更多的休息。故选C项。
四、 语法填空
【答案】1. expectation
2. its
3. cleverness
4. recognized
5. which/that
6. as
7. what
8. introducing
9. when
10. were received
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩首次亮相的相关情况。
【1题详解】考查名词。句意：几个月的期待之后，2022年冬奥会的官方吉祥物——一个受熊猫启发的卡通形象——在北京首钢冰壶馆首次公开亮相。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词of后面用名词做宾语，expectation表示“期待”的意思，是抽象的意义，不可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填expectation。
【2题详解】考查代词。句意：几个月的期待之后，2022年冬奥会的官方吉祥物——一个受熊猫启发的卡通形象——在北京首钢冰壶馆首次公开亮相。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词性物主代词its作定语修饰后面的名词debut。故填its。
【3题详解】考查名词。句意：Bing在汉语中是“冰”的意思，而Dwen Dwen意味着“健康和聪明”——这也是熊猫的特征。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查并列名词做动词suggests的宾语，表示“聪明”的意思，是抽象的意义，不可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填cleverness。
【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：组织者说，熊猫可能是中国最受认可的动物物种。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词recognized（公认的、认可的）做定语，修饰后面的名词animal species，recognizable（可认出的、可辨认的）不合语境。故填recognized。
【5题详解】考查定语从句。句意：组委会的执行主席，北京市长陈吉宁说：“熊猫把中国传统的文化和现代的外貌以一种迷人的形象跟冬季运动元素结合在了一起，这个形象展示了我们对奥运会的希望并且同时表明我们对世界的欢迎。”根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是image，在从句中做主语，指物，用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
【6题详解】考查动词短语。句意：组委会的执行主席，北京市长陈吉宁说：“熊猫把中国传统的文化和现代的外貌以一种迷人的形象跟冬季运动元素结合在了一起，这个形象展示了我们对奥运会的希望并且同时表明我们对世界的欢迎。”根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语serve as表示“作为……而工作”的意思。故填as。
【7题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫在介绍这个形象之前说：“我曾经见过这个吉祥物，并且，从我所见的来看，这是一个美好的选择。”根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词from后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少动词seen的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连接代词what。故填what。
【8题详解】考查非谓语。句意：国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫在介绍这个形象之前说：“我曾经见过这个吉祥物，并且，从我所见的来看，这是一个美好的选择。”根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词before后面用动名词的形式做宾语。故填introducing。
【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：吉祥物的推出标志着2018年8月开始的一段旅程的关键，当时北京组织者开启了一个全球性的吉祥物的设计比赛。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是August 2018，在从句中做时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。
【10题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：总共收到了来自于35个国家的5816个设计，并且中国和国际专家对它们进行了全面的评估和选拔。根据句子结构和意思可知，事情已发生，主语designs和谓语动词receive是被动关系，这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，主语是designs，所以be动词用复数形式were。故填were received。
五、 读后续写
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady. She was still standing where I once met her. The wind was blowing heavily, and her cheeks now were red because of the chilly wind. Somehow, I felt a bit of ashamed of not buying the flowers beforehand. At the moment, I made up my mind. I came up to her and told her that I would buy the flowers. Feeling excited, she handed me the flowers politely. And I reached my pocket, giving her the money.
Paragraph 2:
After giving her $3, I was surprised when she handed me the change. I asked if she had made mistake. A simply word “No” was answered. She told me she had stood here for almost all day selling the flowers as her husband was badly ill. No one wanted to give her the sympathy to buy the flowers. It was I that helped her and bought the flowers. She was grateful and decided to give me some discount. All at once, I realized that even a small kindness can also made a difference.
【解析】本文以人物为线索，讲述了我在去超市买东西时，遇见一位卖花的老妇。在她向我售卖这些花时，我拒绝了她。随后，在购物期间，我脑中一直浮现这个卖花老妇的形象，想着可能她遇到了生活中的困难或者她是一位靠着卖花来生活的孤独老人。想着这些，我在收银台处换了三美元。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我走开了，在超市的拐角处，走向那位女士。”可知，接下来可描述我当时就看到这位女士的情景，以及我决定买下她的花。
②由第二段首句内容“给了她3美元后，她把零钱给我的时候，我很惊讶。”可知，接下来的内容可以写我询问她这样做的原因以及我的感悟。
2. 续写线索：
走向女士——看到她的情形——我的愧疚——决定买花——给钱——询问原因——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类：
①碰见，遇见：come across/encounter
②决定：intend to do/take a decision
③帮忙：give help/offer assistance
情绪类：
①惭愧的，不自在的：compunctious/uneasy/unquiet
②感激的：with gratitude/thankful/appreciative
[高分句型1] She was still standing where I once met her.（运用了where引导的状语从句）
[高分句型2] It was I that helped her and bought the flowers.（运用了强调句型）