广东省2023届高三英语下学期一模试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份广东省2023届高三英语下学期一模试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试（一）英语试题
本试卷满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Check out what’s coming soon, and what’s in development. Playbill will update these listings when new information is made available.看看什么即将到来，什么正在开发中。当新信息可用时，Playbill将更新这些列表。
THE COLLABORATION at Samuel J. Friedman Theatre
塞缪尔·弗里德曼剧院的《合作》
The play tells a true story in New York. Fifty-six-year-old Warhol’s star is falling. Jean is the new wonder-kid taking the art world by storm. When Jean agrees to work together with Warhol on a new exhibition, it soon becomes the talk of the city. The two artists set foot on a shared journey, both artistic and deeply personal, which redraws both their worlds.
该剧讲述了一个发生在纽约的真实故事。56岁的沃霍尔的星光正在陨落。简是新的神童，在艺术界掀起了一场风暴。当琼同意与沃霍尔合作一个新的展览，它很快成为城市的话题。两位艺术家踏上了一段共同的旅程，既是艺术的，也是深刻的个人的，这重新描绘了他们的世界。
ALMOST FAMOUS at Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre
在伯纳德·B·雅各布斯剧院的《成名之路/成名在望》
Based on the 2,000 film of the same name, the musical features Pulitzer winner Kitt and a book by Crowe, who earned an Oscar award for penning the original film based on his own teenage experience. The coming-of-age story tracks a 15-year-old music fan named William who follows the emerging band Stillwater on tour.
这部音乐剧改编自2000年的同名电影，主角是普利策奖得主凯特和克劳的一本书。克劳根据自己的青少年经历创作了这部电影，并因此获得了奥斯卡奖。这个成长故事讲述了一个名叫威廉的15岁乐迷跟随新兴乐队静水乐队(Stillwater)的巡演。
THE PIANO LESSON at Ethel Barrymnore Theatre
埃塞尔·巴里摩尔剧院的《钢琴课》
The play is the fourth in Wilson’s Century Cycle, which digs into the Black experience in every decade of the 20th century. Set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District in 1936, it centers around a brother and a sister involved in a battle over a piano carved with the faces of their ancestors.这部剧是威尔逊《世纪循环》的第四部，它深入研究了20世纪每十年的黑人经历。故事发生在1936年的匹兹堡山区，一对兄妹为了一架雕刻着他们祖先面孔的钢琴而发生了争斗。
KIMBERLY AKIMBO at Booth Theatre
在布斯剧院演出的《金伯利·阿金博》
Kim is a bright and funny high school girl, who happens to look like a 72-year-old lady. And yet her aging disease may be the least of her problems. Forced to deal with family secrets, and possible crime charges, Kim is determined to explore happiness in a world where not even time is on her side.
金是一个聪明有趣的高中女孩，她看起来像一个72岁的老太太。然而，衰老的疾病可能是她最微不足道的问题。被迫处理家庭秘密，和可能的犯罪指控，金决心探索幸福的世界，甚至没有时间站在她的一边。
21. What kind of play is THE COLLABORATION?
A. A romance. B. A sci-fi story. C. A fairy tale. D. A life story.
22. Which theatre should you visit if you want to learn about racial issues?
A. Samuel J. Friedman Theatre. B. Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre.
C. Ethel Barrymore Theatre. D. Booth Theatre.
23. What can you see in both ALMOST FAMOUS and KIMBERLY AKIMBO?
A. Struggles against crime charges. B. Cutting-edge film technology.
C. Award-winning performances. D. Teenagers’ growth experiences.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部即将上映的戏剧的故事内容。
21【参考答案】D
【试题分析】戏剧类型辨析。第一个戏剧讲述的是关于两位艺术家的真实故事。
22【参考答案】C
【试题分析】戏剧内容理解。第三个戏剧涉及黑人的历史。
23【参考答案】D
【试题分析】戏剧内容理解。第二个和第四个戏剧都涉及青少年的成长经历。
B
For some people, October is October. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”, took the first-place spot with 68,105 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds.
对一些人来说，十月就是十月。10月5日，位于阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区开始了“胖熊周”活动，粉丝们会比较前后的熊照片，在它们睡下度过漫长寒冷的冬天之前，投票选出他们认为最胖的熊。“贝尔747”，也被称为“贝尔力一号”，以68105票位居第一。它重约1400磅。
Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one-day event attracted 1,700 votes. In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.
胖熊周始于2014年。一开始，这只是胖熊星期二。迈克·菲茨曾是卡特迈的一名公园管理员，他注意到网络摄像头对黑熊的直播会在网上引起很多评论，所以他让人们在网上为他们最喜欢的胖熊投票。为期一天的活动吸引了1700张选票。2015年，延长至一周。去年，近80万人参与其中，使之成为一项全球活动。
The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America’s national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska’s wilderness to fans’ computer screens.“It’s not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore.”Fitz said.
这项竞赛有两个主要目的。首先，美国的一些国家公园位于偏远和未开发的地区，到达这些地区困难重重或成本高昂。“肥熊周”将阿拉斯加的荒野带到粉丝的电脑屏幕上。“它不再局限于少数能去河边的幸运儿。”菲茨说。
Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon（三文鱼） in the world，said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai’s bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.
其次，胖熊周让人们关注熊和它们生活的生态系统。卡特迈的2200只熊以世界上最健康的鲑鱼为食，前公园管理员萨拉·沃尔曼(Sara Wolman)说。太平洋西北部的鲑鱼正遭受过度捕捞、大坝建设和气候变化导致的河流变暖的影响。幸运的是，到目前为止，卡特迈熊喜欢在布鲁克斯河钓鱼的地方还没有受到这些威胁。
Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it’s because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don’t have to focus on climate change or habitat loss.“Maybe things aren’t super great all the time in the world,” said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. “But there are some really fat bears in Alaska.”
胖熊周像病毒一样蔓延开来。粉丝和创作者说，这是因为它展示了一个保护成功的故事。这一周，人们不必关注气候变化或栖息地丧失。“也许世界上的事情并不总是那么好，”卡特迈的现任饲养员费莉西亚·希门尼斯(Felicia Jimenez)说。“但是阿拉斯加有一些非常胖的熊。”
24. Why was Bear 747 the winner?
A. It was the heaviest. B. It was the most famous.
C. It gained the most pounds. D. It presented the best photos.
25. What is the purpose of paragraph 2?
A. To praise Mike Fitz for his work. B. To review the history of the event.
C. To show the popularity of fat bears. D. To explain the role of live webcams.
26. What can we learn about Katmai's bears?
A. They bring tourists to the park. B. They have a stable food source.
C. They remain difficult to be seen. D. They face a population decline.
27. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful
B. Brown Bears: Winter Survival Is Crucial
C. Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion
D. Katmai’s Bears: A Special Beauty Contest
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国阿拉斯加州举办的Fat Bear Week活动。
24 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第一段的内容可知：Brown Bear 747 赢得冠军是因为 人们认为它在冬眠中增重最多。
25 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】段落写作目的分析。第二段简述了这个活动的发展历程。
26 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第四段的内容可知，棕熊喜欢吃三文鱼，当地 Brooks River 里的三文鱼未受到人类活动的威胁，棕熊的食物供应端稳定。
27 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】归纳概括。选项A囊括了这则新闻叙述的主要活动和这个活动的意义。

C
A new study has found that a child's reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University（ARU）, examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays（颜色标注） among children.一项新的研究发现，只要增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔，就可以提高孩子的阅读速度。这项研究由安格利亚鲁斯金大学(ARU)的史蒂文·斯塔格博士领导，研究了字母间隔和颜色重叠对儿童的好处。
Two groups of children, dyslexic（有阅读障碍的）and non-dyslexic children, were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made — specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation — as well as the participants’ reading time. The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
两组儿童，诵读困难儿童和非诵读困难儿童，被要求阅读四篇有标准或超大字母间距的文本，有或没有彩色覆盖。他们被要求在录音的同时大声朗读课文。这段录音被用来测量他们所犯错误的数量——特别是漏读的单词、加的单词、错误的单词和发音——以及参与者的阅读时间。研究发现，增大字母间距的文本对两组人都有好处。平均而言，阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了13%，而非阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了5%。除了提高阅读速度外，它还显著减少了患有阅读障碍的儿童遗漏的单词数量。然而，研究发现，彩色叠加对两组的阅读速度或错误减少都没有显著影响。
Dr Stagg, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU, said:“We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ‘crowding effect’, which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
阿鲁大学心理学高级讲师斯塔格博士说:“我们认为超大的字母间隔可以通过减少所谓的‘拥挤效应’来发挥作用，这种效应会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度。”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials.”Dr Stagg added. “While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds， but they may extend reading stamina(持久力). Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.
“我们的研究结果有力地表明，教师可以相信，在阅读材料中增加字母间距对所有孩子都有帮助。”斯塔格博士补充道。“虽然我们发现彩色覆盖物几乎没有什么好处，但我们建议，如果孩子们发现这些覆盖物有助于阅读，就应该鼓励他们使用。”彩色叠加可能不会提高阅读速度，但可以延长阅读耐力。之前的研究表明，如果阅读时间少于10分钟，它们的好处可能不会显现出来，而我们研究中测试的短阅读时间可能会使彩色覆盖处于不利地位。
28. Which of the following best describes the research process in Paragraph 2?
A. Illustrate, group and report. B. Read, instruct and measure.
C. Question, assume and prove. D. Categorize, record and count.
29. What can we learn about increased letter spacing from Paragraph 3?
A. It reduces reading errors. B. It sharpens reading skills.
C. It arouses reading interest. D. It enhances reading comprehension.
30. What does the underlined word “hamper” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Obtain. B. Prevent. C. Change. D. Involve.
31. What can be inferred about coloured overlays from Paragraph 5?
A. They might not have been evaluated fairly.
B. They might not be recommended by experts.
C. They might work better in short reading.
D. They might have some disadvantages.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。
文章介绍了一项提升儿童阅读速度的最新研究。
28 【参考答案】D
【试题分析】归纳概括。根据文章第二段的内容可知：研究步骤包含把儿童分组，将他们的朗读录音，以及数他们朗读中的错误。
29 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】细节理解。根据第三段的第三句内容可知，受试儿童不仅阅读速度加快了， 而且朗读中的错误也减少了。
30 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】词义推测。文章第四段是专家对实验现象背后的原因分析，拥挤效应会阻 碍字母的识别。
31 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】分析推断。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，因为实验测试时间有限，对coloured overlays的效果的评估可能不充分。
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全动态加密技术的研究进展和意义，以及全同态加密(FHE)与同态加密(HE)的主要区别。

D
Like any doctor, Jacques Fellay wants to give his patients the best care. Hidden inside our bodies are genetic(基因的) markers that can tell him which patients could probably have diseases such as AIDS and provide early treatments. However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment, discrimination or even worse.
像任何医生一样，雅克·费莱希望给他的病人最好的护理。隐藏在我们体内的基因标记可以告诉他哪些病人可能患有艾滋病等疾病，并提供早期治疗。然而，费莱也有一些担忧:其中包含的敏感细节可能会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟。
A new kind of encryption, fully homomorphic encryption（FHE）(全同态加密), is making it possible for data users to run multiple operations on genetic data without seeing the contents. This can help end big data’s privacy problem, and Fellay's patients can be some of the first to benefit.
一种新的加密方法，完全同态加密(FHE)(全同态加密)，使数据用户可以在不看到内容的情况下对遗传数据进行多次操作。这可以帮助解决大数据的隐私问题，费莱的患者可能是第一批受益的人。
In 1978, the concept of homomorphic encryption （HE） was firstly proposed. According to it, one could encrypt and share data with others, who could analyze and perform calculations on the data with no idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user could simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make total sense.
1978年，同态加密(HE)的概念首次被提出。根据它，一个人可以加密数据并与他人共享数据，其他人可以对数据进行分析和计算，而不知道它意味着什么。在获得数据之后，数据用户可以使用密钥简单地得到结果，这样就完全有意义了。
In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly provided a workable FHE program. Like HE, it rests on a mathematical idea called a homomorphism，which mostly relies on using algebra(代数) to map data from one form to another without changing its underlying structure. However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE.
2009年，Craig Gentry首次提供了一个可行的FHE程序。和HE一样，它基于一种被称为同态的数学思想，主要依赖于使用代数将数据从一种形式映射到另一种形式，而不改变其底层结构。但是，它支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在HE中只进行一次计算。
Later, Gentry went on to work at IBM, which now has complicated FHE tools to run encrypted data. In the medical field, for example, it detected signs of COVID-19 infection by applying FHE to analyze the encrypted CT scans of more than 1, 500 people’s lungs. In a paper published in October 2021, the team used FHE to collect data from multiple sources and predicted the effect of cancer treatments or the process of HIV infection, as in Fellay’s case.
后来，Gentry继续在IBM工作，IBM现在有复杂的FHE工具来运行加密数据。例如，在医疗领域，通过应用FHE分析1500多人肺部的加密CT扫描，该公司发现了COVID-19感染的迹象。在2021年10月发表的一篇论文中，该团队使用FHE从多个来源收集数据，并预测了癌症治疗的效果或艾滋病毒感染过程，就像费莱的案例一样。
Workable, but still slow: calculations on the FHE-encrypted data could take millions of times longer than those on raw data. But, as Goldwasser says,“If you believe that security is not a plus, but it’s a must,” she says, “then in some sense there is no overhead.”
可行，但仍然很慢:对fhe加密数据的计算可能比对原始数据的计算要长数百万倍。但是，正如Goldwasser所说，“如果你认为安全不是加分项，而是必须的，”她说，“那么在某种意义上，就没有开销。”
32. What is Fellay concerned about?
A. Serious diseases. B. Sensitive patients.
C. The safety of personal data. D. The lack of genetic information.
33. In what way is FHE different from HE?
A. It speeds up the analyses. B. It allows more calculations.
C. It prevents direct access to data. D. It depends on the use of algebra.
34. What is Goldwasser’s attitude towards FHE?
A. Contradictory. B. Unclear. C. Favorable. D. Intolerant.
35. What is the main idea of the text?
A. FHE protects privacy in the big data era.
B. FHE opens a new world for medical workers.
C. Gentry proposed a new encryption technology.
D. Homomorphic encryption developed over time.
32 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知，基因标记物含有敏感细节的个人信息。
33 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】分析比较。根据文章第四段的最后一句话可知，全动态加密支持多轮计算。
34 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】推理判断。根据文章最后一段的内容可知：安全是必须要做到的事情，全同态加密技术助力保障个人信息的安全，因此作者对它的态度是积极的。
35 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】总结概括。本文主要介绍了全同态加密技术有助于医疗领域的个人信息安全。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever
《星球大战》如何永远改变了电影制作
“May the force be with you!”If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. F. If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words. So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known. But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made.
“愿原力与你同在!”如果你是《星球大战》的粉丝，那么你可能听过很多次这个短语。如果你不是粉丝，你可能仍然熟悉这些词。电影中的许多角色、设备和短语都已经家喻户晓。但你可能会惊讶地发现，这部电影对电影制作的改变有多大。
“A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. . . ”is how Star Wars begins. Its plot was not ground-breaking.
“很久以前，在一个遥远的星系……这就是《星球大战》的开头。它的情节并不是突破性的。
B. In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight.事实上，它相当过时。这个故事是典型的科幻小说，有很多戏剧性的情节，传统人物和正义与邪恶的战斗，在太空和白刃战中。
It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies. People still talk about the light swords（剑） that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. C. Moviegoers had never seen anything like it. When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand-alone buildings, with just one movie screen. Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters，leading to the multiplexes（多影厅影院） that are common today.
正是特效使《星球大战》从其他电影中脱颖而出。人们仍然在谈论能切割、燃烧和融化大多数物质的光剑。宇宙飞船在太空中飞驰，降落在巨大、逼真的空间站上。影迷们从未见过这样的电影。1977年《星球大战》第一次上映时，大多数电影院都是独立的建筑，只有一个电影屏幕。用《星球大战》为他们赚来的钱，影院老板们建造了更多的影院，导致了今天常见的多厅影院。
Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes. So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. A. They tried out new techniques. Some of the methods became popular and others failed. But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies.影院需要更多的电影在所有新增的电影银幕和所有新的多厅影院上映。于是新的电影公司如雨后春笋般出现，其中包括一些制作实验电影的小公司。他们尝试了新的技术。有些方法流行起来，有些则失败了。但是，多亏了《星球大战》，人们看到了新类型的电影。
E. Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history. There had been movie continuations previously, but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie. The Star Wars movies were all popular. There have been two trilogies（三部曲） so far，with more planned.《星球大战》是历史上第一部真正成功的三部曲电影。以前也有过续集电影，但它们往往只是对第一部电影的拙劣模仿。《星球大战》系列电影都很受欢迎。到目前为止，已经有了两个三部曲，还有更多的计划。
A. They tried out new techniques.
B. In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.
C. Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.
D. Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there.
E. Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history.
F. If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words.
G. If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film.
36-40. FBCAE
【语篇解读】这是一篇文化立意的说明文。文章主要介绍了《星球大战》这部影片的特点和它在电影史上的重要影响。
36 【参考答案】F
【试题分析】考查递进衔接。这句话与前面一句句式一致，且still一词构成递进。
37 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】考查词汇递进衔接。not groundbreaking与oldfashioned是近义词。
38 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】考查指代衔接。it 指代前面一句中描绘的电影中的画面。
39 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】考查词汇衔接。they 指代前面一句中的 new movie companies, techniques 与 methods 是近义词。
40 【参考答案】E
【试题分析】考查主题句。这一句是这一段的主题句，后面围绕“《星球大战》是史上第一部真正成功的电影三部曲”。

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she earned the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
在很多方面，Gitanjali Rao只是一个普通的11岁女孩，活泼健谈，但她的科学精神却带来了巨大的不同。上个月，她的发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。
What inspired Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t occur to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very reliable.”
Gitanjali的工作灵感来自于她所在的城市因水中含铅过多而面临水资源紧急状况。“直到我看到我的父母尝试做水测试，我才有了这个想法。试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，不太可靠。”
She recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and eventually found that carbon nanotube（纳米管） sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali managed to build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under instruction from her computer science teacher, gives instant results and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.她回忆道。随后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。Gitanjali利用学校的3d打印机，用电脑芯片和电池建造了一个蓝色的小房子。Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一款免费的应用程序，可以即时显示结果，并通过连接的设备将数据发送到与之相连的手机上。
The process of designing her project wasn’t always smooth, though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 50 along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also credits her parents with constant support and encouragement to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great honor of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who speaks highly of Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science”.
不过，她设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺。科学家凯瑟琳·谢弗(Kathleen Shafer)在夏天与吉坦伽利搭档，担任她的老师，她已经50岁了。在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali也感谢她的父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。Gitanjali获得了25,000美元，用于进一步开发她的程序以及赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。谢弗高度评价吉坦伽利，他说:“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的巨大动力。”
41. A. earned B. designed C. offered D. made
42. A. exposed B. improved C. defined D. inspired
43. A. stick B. belong C. occur D. apply
44. A. simple B. reliable C. predictable D. creative
45. A. initially B. immediately C. temporarily D. eventually
46. A. managed B. promised C. pretended D. happened
47. A. observation B. command C. instruction D. control
48. A. access B. results C. decisions D. approval
49. A. optional B. complete C. continuous D. smooth
50. A. changed B. risked C. helped D. followed
51. A. stresses B. credits C. impresses D. provides
52. A. encouragement B. request C. struggle D. pressure
53. A. fortune B. intention C. honor D. potential
54. A. keeps up with B. gets along with C. takes care of D. speaks highly of
55. A. commercial B. practical C. academic D. systematic
41-55. ADCBD ACBDC BACDB
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是11岁女生Gitanjali Rao研发出一款免费程序，可以灵敏探测水中的铅含量，赢得少年科学家挑战赛一等奖的故事。
41 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她因其发明创造赢得了少年科学家奖。A. earned 赢得；B. designed 设计；C. offered 提供；D.made 制作。由上文的“her scientific spirit makes a huge difference”和后文 “award ceremony”可知，她的发明获得了奖励，所以是赢得奖项，故选A。
42 【参考答案】D
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：激发 Gitanjali 工作的缘由是城市面临水中含有过量铅的危机。A. exposed 暴露，显示；B. improved 提升；C. defined 定义；D. inspired 激发，启示。从后文的“the idea”可知，此处强调发明创造的缘由，故选D。
43 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到父母尝试去做水质测试，我才想到这个主意。A. stick 坚持；B. belong 属于；C. occur 出现，发生；D. apply 适用于。从上一句 可知，此处选C。
44 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：测试条可能显示不准确的结果，因此不可靠。A. simple 简单的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. predictable 可预测的；D. creative 有创意的。根据上文中的“inaccurate”可知，此处选B。
45 【参考答案】D
【试题分析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她随后坚持不懈地寻找合适的材料，终于发现碳纳米管可以被用来探测化学物质。A. initially 最初地；B. immediately 立刻地；C. temporarily 暂时地；D. eventually 最终地。根据上文中的“with continued efforts”可知过程并不容易，故选D。
46 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她设法在学校使用 3D 打印机建造了一个小蓝箱，里面有计算机芯片和电池。A. managed 设法做成；B. promised 承诺；C. pretended 假装；D. happened 碰巧。根据文意，此处介绍发明的具体形式，故选A。
47 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在电脑科学老师的指导下，她设计了一款免费 的程序。A. observation 观察；B. command 命令；C. instruction 指导；D. control 控制。根据下一段中的“Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer ”，可知，她的科学项目是在老师的指导下完成的，故选 C。
48 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这款程序可以给出瞬时的结果，并传送数据到相连接的手机上。A. access 通道；B. results 结果；C. decisions 决定；D. approval 同意。根据文意和此空后面的data可知，本句介绍程序的具体使用方法，此处指测试的数据结果，故选B
49 【参考答案】D
【试题分析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，设计项目的过程并不总是顺利的。A. optional 选择性的；B. complete 完整的；C. continuous 持续的；D. smooth 顺利的。根据下文内容可知，老师的指导和父母的鼓励给她提供了支持，同时 “though”表示转折，强调过程的 辛苦，故选D。
50 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kathleen Shafer，与她组队担任她暑期教师的科 学家，全程帮助了她。A ．changed 改变；B. risked 冒险；C. helped 帮助；D. followed 跟随。
根据上文“under instruction from her computer science teacher”可知，此处选 C。
51【参考答案】B
【试题分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，她也感谢了父母亲不断的支持。A. stresses 给……压力；B. credits 把……归功于；C. impresses 使……印象深刻；D.provides 为……提供。根据文意，此处选 B。
52 【参考答案】A
【试题分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她感谢父母持续的鼓励，去尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. encouragement 鼓励；B. request 请求；C. struggle 挣扎；D. pressure 压力。根据文意，此处选 A。
53 【参考答案】C
【试题分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她获得了奖金去进一步研发程序，同时获得了赢得比赛的荣誉。A.fortune 运气；B.intention 意图；C.honor 荣誉；D. potential 潜力。根据文意，此处选C。
54 【参考答案】D
【试题分析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Shafer对她高度赞扬。A. keeps up with 与…… 齐头并进；B. gets along with 与……相处融洽；C. takes care of 照顾；D. speaks highly of 高度赞扬。根据下文的积极评价，可知此处选D。
55 【参考答案】B
【试题分析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她展示出了极大的动力去通过科学的方式解决实际的问题。A. commercial 商业的；B. practical 实际的；C. academic 学术的；D. systematic 系统的。根据文意，此处选 B。

第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the summer holiday I had the chance to visit Pingtang County, Guizhou Province in southwest China. It’s an experience I will never forget.暑假期间，我有机会参观了中国西南部贵州省的平塘县。这是我永远不会忘记的经历。
Traveling to Guizhou by high-speed rail from Beijing, I was astonished at the rapid change in scenery from skyscrapers to beautiful tree-filled mountains resting under a clear blue sky.从北京乘高铁到贵州，从摩天大楼到碧空下绿树成荫的美丽山峦，景色的迅速变化让我惊讶不已。
Upon arrival, I visited the Pingtang International Experience Planetarium, which displays China’s remarkable achievements in science and space technology. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope （FAST） there is the largest one of its kind in the world. To visit FAST, visitors are not permitted to bring any electronic devices due to security measures. So they must record this once-in-a-lifetime moment with their hearts and minds.抵达后，我参观了平塘国际体验天文馆，这里展示了中国在科学和航天技术方面取得的巨大成就。五百米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)是世界上同类望远镜中最大的。参观FAST，由于安全措施，游客不允许携带任何电子设备。所以他们必须用心记录下这个千载难逢的时刻。
Truthfully, my favorite part of the trip was my personal interaction with the local community. Following the instructions, I worked on two community farms, went hiking and swam in a fresh community river alongside fish. I was educated on the regional history of the Miao people whose culture is rich in fashion, food, pottery and music.
说实话，这次旅行中我最喜欢的部分是我与当地社区的个人互动。按照指导，我在两个社区农场工作，去远足，在社区一条新鲜的河里和鱼一起游泳。我学习了苗族的地域历史，他们的文化在时尚、饮食、陶艺和音乐方面都很丰富。
After this adventure, my appreciation for Chinese culture has snowballed. While I am content living and working in Beijing, Pingtang County in Guizhou has opened my eyes to the endless positive possibilities China has to offer.
经过这次冒险，我对中国文化的欣赏越来越深。虽然我满足于在北京生活和工作，但贵州平塘县让我看到了中国提供的无限积极可能性。
生词：
high-speed rail 高速铁路
skyscraper 摩天大楼
snowball v.滚雪球式地增长；打雪仗
【语篇解读】本文是一篇旅行日记，主要介绍了暑假期间作者贵州之行的见闻和感受，讴歌赞美了中国在太空探索方面的成就和多元的民族文化。
56【参考答案】an
【试题分析】不定冠词语用。此处意为：一次难忘的经历。
57【参考答案】was astonished
【试题分析】谓语动词的时态和语态。此处意为：为……感到惊讶。
58【参考答案】resting
【试题分析】非谓语动词里的现在分词表示主动。此处意为：躺在蓝天下的。
59【参考答案】remarkable
【试题分析】形容词语用。此处意为：了不起的，卓越的。
60【参考答案】to bring
【试题分析】非谓语动词里的不定式做主语补足语。此处意为：不被允许携带数码设备。
61【参考答案】Truthfully
【试题分析】副词语用。此处意为：实话实说。
62【参考答案】in
【试题分析】介词语用。此处意为：在一条淡水河里游泳。
63【参考答案】whose
【试题分析】定语从句的引导词。此处意为：苗族人民的文化。
64【参考答案】appreciation
【试题分析】名词语用。此处意为：我对中国文化的欣赏和理解。
65【参考答案】possibilities
【试题分析】名词复数。此处意为：无穷无尽的美好的可能。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，校英语学习俱乐部负责人。你们邀请到了Smith教授在线作主题为“How to Write and Enjoy Poems”专题讲座。请你在讲座前作简要发言，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．相关介绍；
3．对听众的要求。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
That’s all, thank you.
【写作导语】关键能力：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华校英语学习俱乐部 负责人的身份，在Smith教授在线作主题为“How to Write and Enjoy Poems”专题讲座前作简要 发言，内容包括：表示感谢、相关介绍及对听众的要求。
One possible version:
Dear fellow students，
We feel honored, and wish to express our heartfelt appreciation to Professor Smith for his graciously agreeing to give us this online lecture on“How to Write and Enjoy Poems”. So let’s show our warm welcome!
Prof. Smith is a wellknown poet, and he will illustrate the connotations of poems in structure, imagery, and rhyme by sharing his own poems. Thus, it is a great opportunity to improve our writing procedures and skills and I am sure it will be of significant benefit to us all.
I hope all in attendance will participate positively and follow his instructions as requested. You may also take notes if necessary. There will be a fiveminute question and answer session following the lecture, which will allow you an opportunity to ask questions and actively participate in the discussion.
That’s all, thank you.
【范文翻译】
亲爱的同学们:
我们感到很荣幸，并衷心感谢史密斯教授慷慨地同意为我们提供“如何写诗和欣赏诗歌”的在线讲座。让我们表示热烈的欢迎!
史密斯教授是一位著名的诗人，他将通过分享自己的诗歌，从结构、意象、押韵等方面阐述诗歌的内涵。因此，这是一个很好的机会来提高我们的写作程序和技巧，我相信这将对我们所有人都有很大的好处。
我希望所有出席的人都能积极参与，并按要求听从他的指示。如果有必要，你也可以做笔记。讲座后将有五分钟的问答环节，让你们有机会提问并积极参与讨论。
就讲这些，谢谢。

【写作详解】
1．词汇积累
表示衷心的感谢：express our heartfelt appreciation to；
在线讲座：online lecture；
诗歌的结构、意象和韵律：poems in structure, imagery, and rhyme；
写作程序与技巧：writing procedures and skills；
积极参与：participate positively；
做笔记：take notes
参与讨论：participate in the discussion
2．句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句(1) Prof. Smith is a wellknown poet, and he will illustrate the connotations of poems in structure, imagery, and rhyme by sharing his own poems. 
拓展句：Prof. Smith is a wellknown poet, who will illustrate the connotations of poems in structure, imagery, and rhyme by sharing his own poems.
原句(1) There will be a fiveminute questionandanswer session following the lecture, and it will allow you an opportunity to ask questions and actively participate in the discussion.
拓展句：There will be a fiveminute questionandanswer session following the lecture, which will allow you an opportunity to ask questions and actively participate in the discussion.
【范文点睛】
【高分句型1】Thus, it is a great opportunity to improve our writing procedures and skills and I am sure it will be of significant benefit to us all.(运用it引导形式主语)
【高分句型2】There will be a fiveminute questionandanswer session following the lecture, which will allow you an opportunity to ask questions and actively participate in the discussion. (运用which引导定语从句)

第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Hector stood in the front of his fifth-grade classroom as one of the last two competitors in the Room Five Geography Bee. His opponent having missed the last question, it was Hector’s turn. If he answered his question correctly, he would be the Room Five champion.
“Where did I put that second sheet of questions?” Mr. Adler whispered while searching through a thick pile of papers on his messy desk. Mr. Adler, though a great teacher, had a reputation of being disorganized with a long history of misplacing things.
“Oh well, I apologize for the delay.” said Mr. Adler after what seemed like a long time. “Hector, please tell us the capital city of Brazil.”Hearing the question, Hector smiled. Then, there was the answer.
Later that day in the courtyard, many classmates congratulated Hector. Wearing a proud smile, he greeted and thanked them all. Oh, the sweet taste of victory.
As it was getting late, the courtyard became deserted. But Hector still didn't want to leave. Then he saw Mr. Adler crossing the courtyard and holding a half-open bag full of papers. As he hurried past, an envelope dropped out but Mr. Adler was unaware, turned a corner and disappeared out of sight. Hector picked it up. On the envelope were the words “Fifth Grade Geography Bee Questions and Answers”. Hector stared wide-eyed at the envelope. Before he even had time to reflect on the consequences, he opened it and read the questions.
As soon as Hector had done it, he knew it was the wrong choice. He’d cheated and whatever he did now, he couldn’t change the fact. “What if Mr. Adler thought I stole this morning’s questions too?”Hector thought. “He’d take away my Room Five victory for sure.”Little did he know that one of the best days in his life would be turned into the worst so quickly. Torn by his conscience, Hector was totally at a loss what to do.
赫克托站在五年级教室的前面，是第五教室地理竞赛的最后两名选手之一。他的对手错过了最后一个问题，轮到赫克托了。如果他答对了问题，他就是第五房间的冠军。
“我把第二张试卷放哪了?”阿德勒一边小声说，一边在凌乱的办公桌上翻找着厚厚的一堆文件。阿德勒先生虽然是一位伟大的老师，但长期以来一直以乱放东西而出了名。
“哦，好吧，我为耽搁道歉。过了似乎很长一段时间，阿德勒先生说。“赫克托，请告诉我们巴西的首都在哪里。”听到这个问题，赫克托笑了。然后，答案就出来了。
那天晚些时候，在院子里，许多同学向赫克托表示祝贺。他面带自豪的微笑，向大家打招呼并表示感谢。哦，胜利的甜蜜滋味。
天晚了，院子里空无一人。但赫克托还是不想离开。然后他看见阿德勒先生穿过院子，手里拿着一个半打开的装满文件的袋子。当他匆匆走过时，一个信封掉了出来，但阿德勒没有意识到，他拐了个弯就消失了。赫克托尔把它捡起来。信封上写着“五年级地理问答”。赫克托瞪大眼睛盯着信封。他甚至还没来得及考虑后果，就打开信看了问题。
赫克托耳一这么做，就知道这是个错误的选择。他作弊了，无论他现在做什么，他都无法改变这个事实。“如果阿德勒先生认为我也偷了今天早上的问题怎么办?”赫克托耳的想法。“他肯定会夺走我在五号房间的胜利。”他没有想到，他生命中最美好的日子竟会这么快就变成了最糟糕的日子。赫克托耳受到良心的折磨，完全不知道该怎么办。
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler’s room. ..............
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The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee. ........
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【写作导语】关键能力：本篇书面表达属于读后续写。故事发生的地点在学校，人物涉及老师和学生，这样的设定是考生熟悉的场景。文章讲述的是一个关于诚信和自我成长的故 事，续写的情节具有一定的开放性，有利于考查学生的创新思维。根据故事的发展逻辑和两 个给出的段落起始句的信息，第一段应该主要写Hector向老师坦诚，第二段应该写比赛的进行情况和结果，以及Hector的收获和感悟。范文是写最后Hector 没有赢得比赛，但是也收获 了深刻的感悟和宝贵的成长。考生如果把续作写成他最后在决赛中获胜了，也是合乎情理的。

One possible version:
Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room. “Hector! Come and help me look for…”“This？”Hector stopped Mr. Adler midsentence, holding out the open envelope. Mr. Adler’s brows were smoothed but then knitted again. Before he formed questions, Hector started unbosoming his regrets. If he had waited another moment, they would have torn him into pieces. “Can I still be in the Bee？”asked Hector timidly. “Absolutely, my honest boy，” Mr. Adler patted his shoulder.“I don’t believe in punishing people for making the right decisions and correcting their mistakes.” Immense relief washed over Hector.
The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee. Having been up late studying, Hector looked exhausted but extremely excited. So did all the other competitors. All the eyes fixed on the stage, Hector felt blood rushing onto his cheeks and his heart beating fast. Unfortunately, the questions Mr. Adler rewrote were so tough that he was knocked out in round three. But Hector realized to his surprise that he didn’t feel bad about losing at all. Whether others knew he was smart was of no significance. He’d set out to learn everything about the world and ended up learning more about himself.
【范文翻译】
在他意识到之前，赫克托发现自己站在阿德勒先生的房间里。“赫克托耳!来帮我找找……”“这个?”赫克托尔打断了阿德勒先生的话，拿出打开的信封。阿德勒先生的眉头被抚平了，但又皱了起来。在他提出问题之前，赫克托尔开始吐露他的遗憾。如果他再等一会儿，他们就会把他撕成碎片。“我还能留在蜜蜂队吗?”赫克托胆怯地问。“当然，我诚实的孩子，”阿德勒先生拍了拍他的肩膀。“我不认为应该因为人们做出了正确的决定并纠正他们的错误而惩罚他们。”赫克托耳如释重负。
全校学生都来观看五年级地理竞赛。由于熬夜学习，赫克托尔看起来筋疲力尽，但非常兴奋。其他竞争者也是如此。所有的眼睛都盯着舞台，赫克托耳觉得血涌上了他的脸颊，他的心跳得很快。不幸的是，阿德勒先生重写的题目太难了，他在第三轮就被淘汰了。但赫克托尔惊讶地发现，他一点也不为失败感到难过。别人是否知道他聪明并不重要。他本想了解世界上的一切，结果却更多地了解了自己。
【范文亮点】
【高分句型与描写1】“Hector! Come and help me look for…” “This？” Hector stopped Mr. Adler midsentence, holding out the open envelope. Mr. Adler's brows were smoothed but then knitted again. Before he formed questions, Hector started unbosoming his regrets. If he had waited another moment, they would have torn him into pieces．(夸张的修辞手法) Immense relief washed over Hector.
【高分句型与描写2】All the eyes fixed on the stage, Hector felt blood rushing onto his cheeks and his heart beating fast. Unfortunately, the questions Mr. Adler rewrote were so tough that he was knocked out in round three. Whether others knew he was smart was of no significance. He'd set out to learn everything about the world and ended up learning more about himself.(精彩点题)