高中英语高考 2021届小题必练18 七选五之词汇复现型（学生版） docx

这是一份高中英语高考 2021届小题必练18 七选五之词汇复现型（学生版） docx，共16页。试卷主要包含了考查细节支撑句，考查过渡衔接句，考查主旨概括句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021届好教育小题必练   常考考点：1）单词同词及同义复现；2）句子的同义替换。    （2020·全国II卷）Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.   36  . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.   37  , encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.   38  . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?   39  . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.  40  , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform （2020·山东卷）Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.   16   Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”  17   Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.   18  Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.   19   And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.  20   It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer”. On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they are trained to be.     Passage 1Listening to your parents fight is very hard, and you may not know how to respond when they start up again. However, there are some things you can do to try to make them understand how you feel and hopefully get them to decide to stop on their own.Choose the right time to talk to your parents. Although you want their fighting to stop immediately, it’s best if you stay away(if possible) during your parents’ fight.   1   and led them that you want to talk about something that’s been bothering you.  2  . Because you want your parents to understand things from your point of view, it can be a good idea to let them know what you think about the situation, even if what you think is that you are totally confused.Write out what you want to say in advance.   3  , or if you’re worried that you’ll be really emotional, it might help you to write things out before you talk to them.  4  . Listen to your parents’ explanations. Hopefully, your parents will be willing to talk to you about what’s been going on between them and can explain why they’ve been fighting.Talk to someone you trust about your parents’ fighting. If you’re not sure whether or not you should talk to your parents, if you’re not sure what you should say to them when you do talk to them, or if you’ve talked to them but nothing has changed, you should try to find a trusted adult to talk to,   5  . Think about going to a relative, a school counselor(咨询师), or your favorite teacher for advice.Explain how you feelWait until they’ve calmed downTell your parents what you thinkPick someone who cares about you and you can trustDescribe to your parents how things seem to youIf you are nervous about remembering everything you want to say to your parents If they are opening to talking, do your best to listen to them without interrupting(打断) Passage 2What is classed as normal behaviour in one culture can sometimes be unsuitable, unacceptable, or even offensive in another. We ’re all different and we all have different beliefs and ways of doing things. Understanding this is what cultural awareness(意识) is all about.  6   we need to take a long, hard look at ourselves. What makes us the way we are? Well, there’s history, tradition, education, and our parents. These are all good things. But do any of them make us better than others? No.   7   It’s easy to understand why we start off believing that our culture is better than any other. In fact, some argue that it’s necessary in order to survive. As children, we typically build our view of the world from our family and the place we grow up.   8  In the past, many people never left the comfort of their own town or district. They could all spend their days happily believing that the life they knew was the best, that their way of doing things was the right way, and not imagining or caring what others might think.   9   We do business with people from different cultures, selling each other products and ideas. We learn each other’s languages.   10   We even live next door to each other. So we all need to learn to appreciate each other’s cultures and ways of living.Not better, but different.We listen to each other’s music.Today’s world isn’t like that though.D. Culture influences many parts of people’s lives.E. Cultural awareness can begin by holding up a mirror.F. Our differences make the world endlessly interesting.G. However, as we get older our understanding of the world grows with us. Passage 3Winter is often a low point for outdoor lovers, as cold weather pushes them indoors. However, winter can be a beautiful time of year for a winter trail(小路) walk.   11  Generally, winter walking presents dangers.   12   You will need to wear appropriate clothing and always you have proper footwear for your winter walking.Above all, you should dress warmly. The best way to dress for cold weather exercise is to wear more layers(层). When you warm up from the exercise, you can take off layers so you will never become over-heated.   13   Wear clothes that are waterproof and breathable. In addition always have a good hat and a pair of gloves, one of the most effective ways to preserve body heat.Shoes are a very important aspect of winter walking. Instead of using regular shoes on a winter walk, consider trying a pair of snowshoes, a fun way to enjoy your trail.   14   With snowshoes, you will still need to wear good waterproof shoes. With a good pair of snowshoes, you will be able to explore much more of your trail and the surrounding area during the winter.  15   Spend some time finding a trail that is open and safe to walk on during the winter. If you can’t find a trail that fits your requirements, you can come up with an alternative plan. Walk around your local neighborhoods to view the holiday lights or go to your local park where you will probably find some sort of walking trail that is accessible during the winter.A. Nor will you suffer from being too cold.B. It may even rain while you are out walking.C. You may find your favorite trails closed during the winter.D. You will be more steady on the snow and get a better workout.E. Why not continue to spend time outside, taking winter trail walks?F. A trail that normally gets lots of traffic may be empty during the winter.G. The severer the weather is, the more careful you need to be when walking. Passage 4Everybody yawns(打哈欠) — from unborn babies to great-grandparents. But why, exactly, do we yawn?   16  One theory(理论) is that when we are bored or tired, we just don’t breathe as deeply as we usually do.   17   Therefore, yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the blood and move more carbon dioxide out of the blood.Yawning, then, would be an action that we can’t really control to help us control our oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Sounds good, but other studies have shown that breathing more oxygen does not make us yawn less.   18   Hmmm. Now what?  19   Stretching(拉伸) and yawning may be a way to relax muscles and joints, increase heart rate, and feel more awake.Other people believe that yawning is a protective way to redistribute(重新分配) the oil-like substance called surfactant that helps keep lungs from drying up. So, if we didn’t yawn, according to this theory, taking a deep breath would become harder and harder and that would not be good!But there is one idea about yawning that everyone knows to be true:   20   If you yawn in class, you’ll probably notice a few other people will start yawning, too. Even thinking about yawning can get you yawning. How many times have you yawned while reading this article? We hope not many!It seems to spread.Yawning seems to be common.No one knows for sure, but there are many theories.Another theory is that yawning stretches the lung and lung tissue.This theory indicates yawning, like a deep breath, helps us feel fresh.Likewise, breathing more carbon dioxide does not increase yawning.As this theory goes, our bodies take in less oxygen because our breathing has slowed. Passage 5How to write a good college application essayHere are some tips for writing that all-important application essay, which can often mean the difference between getting accepted or rejected by the school of your choice.The essay is your view of the world and your ambitions.   21   It needs to tell a story with passion(热情), using personal, entertaining anecdotes that show your character, your interests, your values, your life experiences, and even your sense of humor.Emphasize volunteer work or other ways you’ve helped people or made your community a better place. It helps if the activity is related to the subject you want to study. Admissions staff members want to know how your presence will make the college a better place.  22  , extracurricular(课外的) activities or lab work that show steps you’ve taken to learn and understand your field of interest. That will help show you know the field you’ve chosen to study and are passionate about it. Explain why you want to study at this particular college rather than at others. Say why the school curriculum, atmosphere, or professors influenced your choice.  23   Use grammar, svntax(句法) and writing that show you’re ready for college. Never use text-style abbreviations(缩写) or rude language.After the essay is submitted, check your email and voice mail daily.   24   Many students check only exits and sometimes miss emails asking follow-up questions or requesting an interview. Hafeez Lakhani of Lakhani Coaching summed up the essay this way: “  25   What will make you the most interesting contributor to that dinner table conversation? What will make you help everyone else have a more interesting experience?” A good essay will answer those questions and stand out from the pile .Every college is like a dinner table.It’s not just a list of everything you’ve done.It is your mind and how it works that are distinctive.Correct spelling, grammar and punctuation are important.Make sure you see and respond quickly to messages from admissions staff membersColleges see themselves as communities, where people have to get along with othersG. Mention summer courses    （2020·全国II卷）【答案】DAGBF【解析】本文为说明文，主要讲述表情符号在工作交流中的积极影响。36.考查细节支撑句。根据36空前的关键词In Asia和platforms，以及空后的76 percent of employees和western countries，可知不仅是亚洲，在西方国家也很受欢迎，故D选项（这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延）符合。其中platforms词汇复现，故选D。37.考查细节支撑句。根据37空前可知书面交流通常被认为冷漠和无趣，空后的“encouraging better and more frequent communication”是说鼓励更好更频繁的交流，可知选A。38.考查细节支撑句。根据38空前range from age 22 to 70 and beyond和空后的younger generations，可知选G。39.考查过渡衔接句。根据39空前“谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？”，可知B选项（甚至一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好）符合。故选B。40.考查主旨概括句。根据上文阐述的内容，40空是一个主题句。空格后句说：表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果，空处也应该是表情符号的积极影响，所用and连接。因此选项F（研究表明，更友好的沟通会使得工作场所更加让人愉快）符合。故选F。（2020·山东卷）【答案】GACBD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了成为一个优秀的演说家必须掌握的原则。16.过渡衔接句。本文结构为总分，第一段总领全文，设空前一句谈到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋，后一句设问则是：你想成为一个优秀的演说家吗？以下是一些你必须掌握的原则。前后为转折关系，审视选项，G项（然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。）符合文意，故选G。17.细节支撑句。设空前一句：很多时候，当你站起来演讲时，你会把注意力放在公众上，而不是演讲上。后文谈到专注于演讲，直接和你的听众交谈，做你自己，建立联系。审视选项，A项（做相反的事。）符合文意，故选A。18.主旨概括句。设空处位于段末，此段主要告诉人们不要害怕犯错，听众的注意力总是分散的，所以，当你犯错时不要停止，除非是非常严重的错误，审视选项，C项（你不需要为一个小失误道歉。）符合文意，故选C。19.细节支撑句。设空前一句：你的目标不是成为一个完美的公众演说家。根据复现词“speaker”，且根据设空后文（就像生活中的其他事情一样，这需要练习。）可知，B项（你是想成为一个有效的公众演说家。）符合文意，故选B。20.主旨概括句。设空处位于段首，结合本段大意可知，听众希望演讲是言简意赅的，审视选项，D项（就公开演讲而言，通常少即是多。）符合文意，故选D。  Passage 1【答案】1-5 BCFAD【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在家庭中父母吵架时，孩子们的正确应对之策。1.根据上文“Choose the right time to talk to your parents.”(选择适当的时间跟父母谈）以及“it’s best if you stay away(if possible) during your parents’ fight”(父母吵架时，尽可能远离）可知，作者建议在父母争吵的时候不要去打扰，等到他们冷静的时候再让他们了解你内心的感受，B选项（等到他们冷静下来）衔接下文，故选B。2.根据下文“it can be a good idea to let them know what you think about the situation”(让他们知道你对整个事情的看法也是个好主意）可知，作者建议告诉父母你内心的看法，C选项（告诉他们你的想法）中有相同的词句what you think，与前文呼应，故选C。3.根据下文“or if you’re worried that you’ll be really emotional, it might help you to write things out before you talk to them.”（或者，如果你担心自己会很情绪化，在跟他们谈之前写出来会起到很大作用。）可知，or应该并列两个结构形式相似的句子，且都表示担心焦虑的事情，F选项（如果你觉得要记住一切想对父母说的话而感到紧张）中的nervous与worried相呼应，故选F。4.下文“Listen to your parents’ explanations.”（倾听你父母的解释）以及“Hopefully, your parents will be willing to talk to you about what’s been going on between them and can explain why they’ve been fighting.”（希望你的父母愿意跟你谈谈他们之间发生了什么，并能向你解释他们为什么会吵架）中反复提到了解释explain，所以空格处应该用explain引出下文，所以A选项（解释你的感受）符合语境，故选A。5.根据上文“you should try to find a trusted adult to talk to”（你应该尽量找一个信得过的成年人交谈）可知，作者建议找一个你相信的人，D选项（选一个关心你而你也信任的人）中的trust与之相照应，故选D。Passage 2【答案】6-10 EAGCB【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文论述了人的文化意识受到历史、传统、教育和父母的影响，并无优劣之分，当今社会，人们要学会尊重和欣赏彼此的文化意识和生活方式。6.根据下文“we need to take a long, hard look at ourselves. What makes us the way we are? Well, there’s history, tradition, education, and our parents.”（我们需要好好审视自己。是什么造就了我们现在的样子？是历史、传统、教育、还有我们的父母。）可知，E选项（文化意识可以从举起一面镜子开始。）切题，该选项中的“holding up a mirror”与“look at ourselves”相呼应，故选E项。7.根据上一句“These are all good things. But do any of them make us better than others? No.”（但是他们中的任何一个会让我们比其他人更好吗？不是的。）以及下一句“It’s easy to understand why we start off believing that our culture is better than any other.”（很容易理解为什么我们一开始就认为我们的文化比其他任何文化都好。）可知A选项（不是更好，而是不同。）切题，该选项承上启下，表达的意思是，并不是哪一个文化意识更好，只是不同而已，且该选项中的Not与上文中的No相呼应。故选A项。8.根据上一句“As children, we typically build our view of the world from our family and the place we grow up.”可知，孩子是从家庭和成长环境建立起自己对世界的看法，这个看法会随着年龄的增长而变化。因此，G选项（然而，随着年龄的增长，我们对世界的理解也与日俱增。）切题，选项中的grow up与上一句中的get older相呼应。故选G项。9.根据空格上一句及空格下一句可知，在过去，人们生活环境相对封闭，他们自认为自己的生活方式以及做事方式都是正确的，而在当今社会，不同文化背景的人可以互相做生意。因此，C项（但今天的世界并不是这样。）切题，该选项承上启下，选项中的“isn’t like”与下文中的different相呼应。故选C项。10.根据空格上文“We do business with people from different cultures, selling each other products and ideas. We learn each other’s languages.”以及下文“So we all need to learn to appreciate each other’s cultures and ways of living.”可知，当今世界，不同文化背景的人之间可以做生意，学习对方的语言。该空的下一句又总结到：我们需要学会欣赏彼此的文化和生活方式，可推知该空是作者列举的另一种欣赏彼此文化的方式。因此，B选项（我们欣赏对方的音乐）切题，听彼此的音乐也是欣赏对方文化的一种方式。故选B项。Passage 3【答案】11-15 EGADC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在冬天长距离步行的好处及注意事项。11.根据第一段：冬天通常是户外爱好者的低谷期，因为寒冷的天气迫使他们呆在室内。然而，冬天是一年中漫步冬日小路的美好季节。由此可知，接下来的内容是建议我们去进行冬季步行。所以选项E（为什么不继续花些时间在户外，在冬季漫步呢？）符合上下文语境。选择项中的winter trail walks与前句中的winter trail walk相一致。故选E项。12.根据上文的“Generally, winter walking presents dangers.”可知，接下来将描述冬季步行的危险，所以选项G（天气越恶劣，你行走时就需要越小心。）符合上下文语境。选择项中的more careful承接前句中的dangers。故选G项。13.根据上文的“When you warm up from the exercise, you can take off layers so you will never become over-heated.”可知，这里讲述的是分层穿衣服的好处。所以选项A（你也不会忍受寒冷的煎熬。）符合上下文语境。Nor作连词常与never等表示否定的词连用，表示“也不”，前后内容相一致。故选A项。14.根据本段第一句“Shoes are a very important aspect of winter walking.”可知，这里讲述的下雪天穿雪鞋去步行的好处。所以选项D（你会在雪地上更加平稳，从而更好地进行锻炼。）符合上下文语境。故选D项。15.根据下文“Spend some time finding a trail that is open and safe to walk on during the winter.”可知，需要花时间去寻找一条开通并安全的小路的原因是可能原来走的小路关闭了。所以选项C（你可能会发现你最喜欢的小路在冬天关闭了。）符合上下文语境，并且前后呼应。选择项中的trails与下文中的trail相一致。故选C项。Passage 4【答案】16-20 CGFDA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类打哈欠的现象。16.上文“But why, exactly, do we yawn?”是个问句，选项C（没有人确切地知道，但有许多理论。）承接上文问句，引出下文答案。选项中many theories和下文One theory相呼应。故选C项。17.空格上句：有一种理论认为，当我们感到无聊或疲惫时，我们不会像平时那样深呼吸。选项G（按照这个理论，我们的身体吸入的氧气减少是因为我们的呼吸变慢了。）是对这一理论进一步的科学解释。上文One theory和选项中this theory相呼应。下文（因此，打呵欠是一种我们无法真正控制的行为，它能帮助我们控制体内的氧气和二氧化碳水平。）和选项G是因果关系。故选G项。18.空格前句提到，其他研究表明，呼吸更多的氧气并不会减少我们打哈欠的次数。选项F（同样地，呼吸更多的二氧化碳也不会增加打哈欠的次数。）与上文对应，说明打哈欠的次数不会因为呼吸氧气和二氧化碳的多少发生变化。故选F项。19.上文“Now what?”是问句，选项D（另一种理论认为打哈欠会拉伸肺和肺部组织。）承接问句，给出另一种答案。空格后句（伸展和打哈欠可能是放松肌肉和关节，提高心率，让人感觉更清醒的一种方式。）是对选项D的进一步解释。选项中stretches和下文Stretching语义相关。故选D项。20.空格后句：如果你在课堂上打哈欠，你可能会注意到其他一些人也会开始打哈欠。这说明打哈欠会传染扩散。选项A（它似乎能传染。）位于段首，点明本段主题。故选A项。Passage 5【答案】21-25 BGDEA【解析】本文是一篇说明文，对于如何写一篇好的大学申请论文，作者给出了几点建议。21.空格后文：你需要充满热情地进行叙述，用个人有趣的轶事来体现你的性格、兴趣、价值观、生活经历，甚至你的幽默感。这是对空前“The essay is your view of the world and your ambitions.”（这篇申请论文是你对世界的看法和你的抱负。）的解释说明，空格处与之并列，也是对这句话的解释说明，B项中的“It’s not just”与空后一句中的“It needs to”句式上相一致，B项（它不仅仅是一张你做过的所有事情的清单。）符合语境，故选B。22.空后一句提到了课外活动或实验室工作，以体现你在学习和理解专业领域方面所做出的努力，空格处与空后提到的“activities or lab work”并列，G项中的summer courses与空后一句中的extracurricular activities or lab work相一致，说明要在申请论文中提及暑期课程、课外活动或实验室工作，这对你有好处，故选G。23.空格处位于段首，为本段主题句，根据空后内容（使用语法、句法和写作能力来表明你已经为上大学做好了准备。不要使用文本格式的缩写和粗俗的语言。）可知，本段是在强调写作过程中的语言规范问题，D项（正确的拼写、语法和标点符号很重要。）符合语境，故选D。24.根据空前一句可知，论文提交后，要每天检查你的电子邮件和语音邮件，此处是解释这样做的原因，E项中的messages与空前一句中的email and voice mail相对应，E项（确保你看到招生办工作人员发来的信息并迅速回复。）符合语境，故选E。25.根据空后的“What will make you the most interesting contributor to that dinner table conversation?”可知，此处应该会提到餐桌，A项中的a dinner table与空后一句中的dinner table conversation相一致，A项（每个大学就像一张餐桌。）符合语境，故选A。