高中英语高考1 第一讲　冠　词

这是一份高中英语高考1 第一讲　冠　词，共9页。

第一讲　冠　词


【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short­listed, we thought it was a joke.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As a__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as a model in New York.

冠词在语法填空中的考查点主要为冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词。　

【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. 在football前加a
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. an→a
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 在countryside前加the
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.the→a
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was. 在first前加the/my
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 第一个a→an/one

1．不定冠词a和an的错用；
2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；
3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；
4．冠词的多余；
5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。　


不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。
(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。
(福建卷)The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve people’s well­being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.　“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。
(北京卷)Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing.　那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人，一个类似……的人，一部……的作品”。
(四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.　布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。
(浙江卷)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
(山东卷)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.　在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
If you don’t have a good knowledge of English, it’s out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。
3．不定冠词用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden　　　　　　　 突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措；困惑
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
be/go on a diet 节食
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
have a gift for... 在……方面有天赋
have a word with 与……谈话
make a fool of 愚弄
in a hurry 匆忙地
in a way 在某种程度上
keep an eye on 留意；留神
make a living 谋生
a waste of... 浪费……
once in a while 偶尔
as a result/consequence 因此

定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。
Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。
(重庆卷)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.　我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
The Smiths went on an around­the­world trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes and shelters for the homeless.　士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。
(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It’s said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.　据说在十七世纪玉米在西藏被大量种植。
(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。
(陕西卷)As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
■名师点津
a与most连用，位于形容词之前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词之前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
2．定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size, weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
(江西卷)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 a year.
——据说，约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.
——是的，他的工资也将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词(hit, strike, pull, take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 　　　　　打某人的头
pull/take sb.by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸
(3)用于the＋比较级， the＋比较级(越……就越……)结构中。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.　你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
(4)用于固定搭配中：
at the moment　　　　　　　　　 此刻，目前
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the distance 在远处
in the habit of 有……的习惯
make the most/best of 充分利用
not in the least 一点也不
on the contrary 与此相反
on the other hand 另一方面
the other day 几天之前
to tell (you) the truth (跟你)说实话
to the point 中肯，切题
take the place of 代替
for the time being 暂时

零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。
(2018·北京卷)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.　当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。
(江西卷)The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.　史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
(2018·天津卷)Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.
灭火器安置在每栋公寓的每个楼层。
(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。
(四川卷)Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。
■名师点津
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。
According to the weather report, we will have a very hot summer this year.
根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
(5)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary became a good manager.　多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个出色的经理。
2．零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“零冠词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语＋主句”结构中，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.
尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。
(2)用于固定搭配中：
at dawn/dusk/night/noon　　 在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
on/catch fire 着火
by mistake 错误地
by chance/accident 碰巧
in history 在历史上
under repair 在维修中
hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to... 对……有害
on purpose 故意地
in place 在正确位置
in danger 在危险中
make room for... 为……让出空间
in return 作为回报
at present 目前
ahead of time 提前
in advance 提前
lose heart 灰心
out of control 失控
■名师点津
有无冠词意义不同的搭配
at table　　　　　　　　　 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
at school 在上学
at the school 在学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院里
in charge of 掌管
in the charge of... 在……掌管之中
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能


冠词解题两步法
1．判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词，看是单数还是复数。
2．根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要加定冠词the。
[例]　(陕西卷)________village where I was born has grown into ________town.
[分析]　The；a　句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。分析句子结构可知，village后有定语从句where I was born 修饰，故第一空为特指，用定冠词The；由句意可知，小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇，故第二空为泛指，用不定冠词a，表示“一个”。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with a unique banquet.
2．(2020·吉林第一次调研)But naps can actually be a double­edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.
3．(2020·湖北鄂东南期中)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Education(MOE)，“First Class for New Semester” has become a mandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.
4．(2020·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)10% of life is made up of what happens to you and 90% of life is decided by how you react.What does this mean? Let us use an example.
5．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)Whether you are interested in basic communication, scholarly research, or pursuing a career in China, standard Mandarin is a necessary tool for communication.
6．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)Jinan, the capital city of East China’s Shandong Province, will host an international winter swimming competition at Daming Lake Scenic Area on Jan.12 and 13.
7．(2020·湖北孝感联考)Xu Jin was born in a medical family.Under the influence of his family, he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.
8．(2020·宝鸡中学模拟)She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, but she drives aimlessly around.
9．(2020·贵州凯里一中模拟)Julie, co­director of the Children’s Sleep Disorders Clinic, was pleased with the research findings.
10．(2020·长沙一模)After work, he learned to play the/his guitar.He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·宜昌期中)Encouraged by her，I overcame my fear and finally made successful attempt. 在successful前加a
2．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park.在walk前加a
3．(2020·浏阳六校联考)One Monday afternoon, we were playing basketball on playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 在playground前加the
4．(2020·呼和浩特模拟)To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me. 第一个a→the
5．(2020·哈尔滨六中模拟)Recently a online survey was conducted by China Daily, which asked whether you were planning to shop on Singles’ Day. a→an
6．(2020·大庆质检)I had a great time and it was a most meaningful thing I had done that summer vacation.第二个a→the
7．(2020·榆林模拟)As the matter of fact, developing a good study habit is of great importance. the→a
8．(2020·齐齐哈尔一模)At a counter we noticed that the foreigner was talking to a clerk, but the clerk didn’t understand what the foreigner said. 第一个the→a
9．(2020·银川一中一模)Since then, my parents have seldom come into my room and I have had a privacy completely. 删除a
10．(2020·贵州凯里一中模拟)I will face the challenge bravely and make my the dream come true.删除dream之前的the或者my