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高中英语高考3 第三讲 介词(短语)
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这是一份高中英语高考3 第三讲 介词(短语)，共13页。
第三讲 介词(短语)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.
7．(全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s...
8．(全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
9．(全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
1．常用介词的基本用法；
2．固定搭配中介词的使用。
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 在high前加in/at
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. 删除like
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 删除for
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. for→with
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. on→of
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools. 删除for
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.删除第二个of
1．介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配不当；
2．介词的多余；
3．介词的缺失；
4．习惯搭配中介词的错用。
常考介词的用法
1．表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间点，时刻等。at 6 o’clock；at daybreak
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon；on a rainy day morning
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century；in winter；in September；in the morning
in/after＋时间段
在……之后。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用
since
后接时间点，自从……以来
for
后接时间段，长达……
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止；不迟于……
during
在……期间
before
在……之前
over
在……期间；直到……结束
through
一直，自始至终
(2018·天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. 到2050年，全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。
In Britain, it’s not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
■名师点津
(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……上”(反义词：beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过；在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”(反义词：under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：below)
(上海卷)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
(陕西卷)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
by train 乘火车
on the radio 通过收音机
on TV 通过电视
with a pencil 用铅笔
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语)
用法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(＝except)
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for
other than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
(福建卷)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
■名师点津
(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything, everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。
(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
for, because of, due to, thanks to, owing to, on account of, as a result of
(浙江卷)The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
■名师点津
上述短语除了due to不仅可作状语还可作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
违背，反对；倚靠；以……为背景，衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出，为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度；按……计
despite
尽管
for
(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从……来看；赞成，支持
with
和……在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着
within
(范围、程度)在……之内
without
没有
off
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开
(重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. 吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
常考介词短语及搭配
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与动词、介词与形容词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
take advantage of 利用
thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人
have an effect on 对……有影响
separate...from 把……与……分开
make a list of 列出一张……的单子
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
say goodbye to 对……说再见
contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成
provide...with... 提供给某人某物
hold up 举起
rely on 依靠
refer to 提及；参考；查阅
pass by 经过
care about 关心；介意
feel like 想要
call for 需要
pay for 为……付款
apply for 申请
begin with 以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1．be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 忧虑……
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about 担心……
2．be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
3．be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be occupied in 忙于……
4．be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望……
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任……
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be prepared for 为……做好准备
5．be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
6．be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近……
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于；胜任
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be harmful to 对……有危害
be kind to 对……友好
be similar to 与……相似
be grateful to 对……心存感激
7．be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到……
be fond of 喜欢……
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 缺乏……
8．be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be combined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be popular with 受……的欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．“at＋n.”表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2．其他以at开头的介词短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at the mercy of 在……支配下
3．“on＋n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售；打折
on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
4．其他以on开头的介词短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
5．“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
6．“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上
in English 用英语
7．其他以in开头的介词短语
in no time 立刻
in no way 决不
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in return 作为回报
in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换
in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果；假如
in hono(u)r of 为向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念……
in support of 为支持……
8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit(＝beneficial) 有益处的
of help(＝helpful) 有帮助的
of importance(＝important) 重要的
of significance(＝significant) 有重大意义的
of use(＝useful) 有用的
of value(＝valuable) 有价值的
9．“out of＋n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 不受控制
out of date 过时
out of order 出故障
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of work 失业
10．“under＋n.”表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中
under control 处于控制之下
11．“with＋n.”表示行为方式
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond reach 够不到
beyond description 难以描述
beyond expression/words 难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next to 紧挨着
in between 在中间，在两者之间
instead of 代替
apart from 除……之外
regardless of 不管，不顾
according to 根据
along with 随着
together with 连同
owing to 因为
but for 要不是
up to 直到；由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with the help of 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree 树上的鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of 朝着……的方向
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·保定摸底) A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care, which includes different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.
2．(2020·儋州统测)Jin Yong has many fans outside of Chinesespeaking areas, as a result of many adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.
3．(2020·湖北五校期中)Sleep might be one answer to the problem.
4．(2020·河北衡水中学一调)As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid on September 16th, 2015.
5．(2020·湖北重点高中联考协作体期中)It’s of great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.
6．(2020·鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中)But on Saturday (Sept.1), millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the “endless” ads delaying the show by 12 minutes.
7．(2020·湖北名校大联考)Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer at the age of 18.
8．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions including the United States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.
9．(2020·佛山教学质检)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters about their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they don’t want to.
10．(2020·湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, you’ll be in a difficult situation all day.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me. 第二个of→on
2．(2020·湖北五校期中) Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. 在advantage后加of
3．(2020·宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Weak as he seemed, he went straight into the sea with any hesitation. with→without
4．(2020·福建长汀一中等六校联考)Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites, which does harm to their development. for→to
5．(2020·湖南长郡中学模拟)One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 删除to
6．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)I always feel so thankful to what they have offered to me.第一个to→for
7．(2020·福建四校期中)Once I talked to her this problem. 在this前加about
8．(2020·河北“五个一”名校联盟考试)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 删除on
9．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)However, too much rain does a lot of harm for us. for→to
10．(2020·江西红色七校联考) As I was waiting the response from the manager, I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. 在waiting后加for
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·江西重点中学盟校一联)When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a“Chinese century”， they are full of reasons. 1.Although/Though/While America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change.Since 2.the start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3.for 45% of the gain in world GDP.In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme 4.poverty(poor); today fewer than 10 million do.Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing power，5.has__risen(rise) ten times since 1990.
China’s 6.amazing(amaze) performance has greatly affected the world’s economic output.The Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7.measured(measure) by 8.its(it) GDP.At the height of America’s control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic.But China has pulled it so far east 9.that the global centre of economic gravity 10.is(be) now in Siberia.
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·安徽安庆模拟)Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river，where is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return for home, we found one of our bike lost.We were really nervous then.Asking about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me.And to my surprise, my parents don’t scold me.Instead, they said I was a honest boy.I have benefited great from my family rules.I’m not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to making friends with me.It helps me know better about“Honesty is the best policy.”
答案：
Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river， is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return home, we found one of our lost.We were really nervous then. about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me. to my surprise, my parents scold me.Instead, they said I was honest boy.I have benefited from my family rules.I’m not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to friends with me.It helps me know better about “Honesty is the best policy.”
第三讲 介词(短语)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.
7．(全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s...
8．(全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
9．(全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
1．常用介词的基本用法；
2．固定搭配中介词的使用。
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 在high前加in/at
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. 删除like
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 删除for
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. for→with
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. on→of
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools. 删除for
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.删除第二个of
1．介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配不当；
2．介词的多余；
3．介词的缺失；
4．习惯搭配中介词的错用。
常考介词的用法
1．表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间点，时刻等。at 6 o’clock；at daybreak
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon；on a rainy day morning
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century；in winter；in September；in the morning
in/after＋时间段
在……之后。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用
since
后接时间点，自从……以来
for
后接时间段，长达……
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止；不迟于……
during
在……期间
before
在……之前
over
在……期间；直到……结束
through
一直，自始至终
(2018·天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. 到2050年，全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。
In Britain, it’s not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
■名师点津
(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……上”(反义词：beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过；在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”(反义词：under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：below)
(上海卷)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
(陕西卷)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
by train 乘火车
on the radio 通过收音机
on TV 通过电视
with a pencil 用铅笔
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语)
用法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(＝except)
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for
other than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
(福建卷)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
■名师点津
(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything, everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。
(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
for, because of, due to, thanks to, owing to, on account of, as a result of
(浙江卷)The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
■名师点津
上述短语除了due to不仅可作状语还可作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
违背，反对；倚靠；以……为背景，衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出，为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度；按……计
despite
尽管
for
(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从……来看；赞成，支持
with
和……在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着
within
(范围、程度)在……之内
without
没有
off
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开
(重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. 吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
常考介词短语及搭配
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与动词、介词与形容词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
take advantage of 利用
thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人
have an effect on 对……有影响
separate...from 把……与……分开
make a list of 列出一张……的单子
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
say goodbye to 对……说再见
contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成
provide...with... 提供给某人某物
hold up 举起
rely on 依靠
refer to 提及；参考；查阅
pass by 经过
care about 关心；介意
feel like 想要
call for 需要
pay for 为……付款
apply for 申请
begin with 以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1．be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 忧虑……
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about 担心……
2．be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
3．be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be occupied in 忙于……
4．be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望……
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任……
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be prepared for 为……做好准备
5．be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
6．be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近……
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于；胜任
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be harmful to 对……有危害
be kind to 对……友好
be similar to 与……相似
be grateful to 对……心存感激
7．be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到……
be fond of 喜欢……
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 缺乏……
8．be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be combined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be popular with 受……的欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．“at＋n.”表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2．其他以at开头的介词短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at the mercy of 在……支配下
3．“on＋n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售；打折
on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
4．其他以on开头的介词短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
5．“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
6．“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上
in English 用英语
7．其他以in开头的介词短语
in no time 立刻
in no way 决不
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in return 作为回报
in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换
in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果；假如
in hono(u)r of 为向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念……
in support of 为支持……
8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit(＝beneficial) 有益处的
of help(＝helpful) 有帮助的
of importance(＝important) 重要的
of significance(＝significant) 有重大意义的
of use(＝useful) 有用的
of value(＝valuable) 有价值的
9．“out of＋n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 不受控制
out of date 过时
out of order 出故障
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of work 失业
10．“under＋n.”表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中
under control 处于控制之下
11．“with＋n.”表示行为方式
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond reach 够不到
beyond description 难以描述
beyond expression/words 难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next to 紧挨着
in between 在中间，在两者之间
instead of 代替
apart from 除……之外
regardless of 不管，不顾
according to 根据
along with 随着
together with 连同
owing to 因为
but for 要不是
up to 直到；由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with the help of 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree 树上的鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of 朝着……的方向
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·保定摸底) A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care, which includes different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.
2．(2020·儋州统测)Jin Yong has many fans outside of Chinesespeaking areas, as a result of many adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.
3．(2020·湖北五校期中)Sleep might be one answer to the problem.
4．(2020·河北衡水中学一调)As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid on September 16th, 2015.
5．(2020·湖北重点高中联考协作体期中)It’s of great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.
6．(2020·鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中)But on Saturday (Sept.1), millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the “endless” ads delaying the show by 12 minutes.
7．(2020·湖北名校大联考)Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer at the age of 18.
8．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions including the United States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.
9．(2020·佛山教学质检)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters about their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they don’t want to.
10．(2020·湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, you’ll be in a difficult situation all day.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me. 第二个of→on
2．(2020·湖北五校期中) Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. 在advantage后加of
3．(2020·宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Weak as he seemed, he went straight into the sea with any hesitation. with→without
4．(2020·福建长汀一中等六校联考)Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites, which does harm to their development. for→to
5．(2020·湖南长郡中学模拟)One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 删除to
6．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)I always feel so thankful to what they have offered to me.第一个to→for
7．(2020·福建四校期中)Once I talked to her this problem. 在this前加about
8．(2020·河北“五个一”名校联盟考试)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 删除on
9．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)However, too much rain does a lot of harm for us. for→to
10．(2020·江西红色七校联考) As I was waiting the response from the manager, I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. 在waiting后加for
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·江西重点中学盟校一联)When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a“Chinese century”， they are full of reasons. 1.Although/Though/While America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change.Since 2.the start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3.for 45% of the gain in world GDP.In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme 4.poverty(poor); today fewer than 10 million do.Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing power，5.has__risen(rise) ten times since 1990.
China’s 6.amazing(amaze) performance has greatly affected the world’s economic output.The Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7.measured(measure) by 8.its(it) GDP.At the height of America’s control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic.But China has pulled it so far east 9.that the global centre of economic gravity 10.is(be) now in Siberia.
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·安徽安庆模拟)Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river，where is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return for home, we found one of our bike lost.We were really nervous then.Asking about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me.And to my surprise, my parents don’t scold me.Instead, they said I was a honest boy.I have benefited great from my family rules.I’m not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to making friends with me.It helps me know better about“Honesty is the best policy.”
答案：
Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river， is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return home, we found one of our lost.We were really nervous then. about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me. to my surprise, my parents scold me.Instead, they said I was honest boy.I have benefited from my family rules.I’m not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to friends with me.It helps me know better about “Honesty is the best policy.”
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