贵州高考英语阅读理解专项训练

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Some of the World’s Most Famous Libraries
Libraries are storehouses of information and resources, organized systematically, and maintained by an individual, a group, or an institution, for public use. They were initially known as archives, as they also maintained a record of unpublished books. Some of the famous libraries are listed below:
Russian State Library—44. 4 million items
The Russian State Library houses 17 million books as well as 13 million journals, 150, 000 maps, and thousands of musical records and scores. The Russian State Library is located in the capital city of the country, Moscow and is freely accessible to the public of the country. It was founded on July lst, 1862.
Library and Archives, Canada—54 million items
The Library and Archives of Canada is maintained directly by the federal government of the country. The current collection includes nearly 20 million books, 24 million photographs, private and government archives, aboriginal magazines, non-fiction and fiction films, Canadian periodicals, and more. The Library and Archives of Canada was formed in 2004 by the amalgamation (融合) of the functions performed by the National Library of Canada and the National Archives of Canada and reports directly to the Parliament of the country.
New York Public Library—55 million items
The system of libraries in New York, the New York Public Library, is world-famous for its extensive collection of 55 million items including books, periodicals, musical records and other publications and albums. It was established in 1895. The main branch of the library is located on Fifth Avenue in New York at the intersection with 42nd Streel. In 1965, it was designed as a National Historic Landmark. Today, the New York Public Library has 4 research libraries, branch libraries in Bronx, State Island and Manhattan and several smaller libraries affiliated (附属的) to it.
British Library—150 million items
The British Library can proudly boast of its collection of 150 million books, manuscripts, magazines, music recordings and scores, patents, databases and much more. The library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is located in the capital of England, between the Euston and St. Pacras railway stations in London.
        The library was established by the British Library Act in 1972 as an independent entity on July lst, 1973.
1．What can you consult in Library and Archives, Canada?
A．Musical scores. B．Aboriginal magazines.
C．Musical records. D．The Diamond Sutra.
2．What’s special about New York Public Library?
A．It was established in the 1800s. B．It includes some other libraries.
C．It was established as an independent entity. D．It is located in the capital city of the country.
3．Which of the following has the longest history?
A．Russian State Library. B．Library and Archives, Canada.
C．New York Public Library. D．British Library.

Student from Taiwan played a key role in safeguarding his community in Beijing during pandemic outbreak and is working to establish closer ties between young people across the Straits.
Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since Spring Festival. This was the first Lunar New Year holiday he didn’t celebrate in his hometown of Zhanghua, Taiwan, during his nine-year stay in Beijing.
Chen, 31, from the university’s department of philosophy and religious studies, chose to stay in Beijing’s Haidian District with his pregnant wife, who gave birth to their daughter last month. After the COVID- 19 outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control.
He started work on the day he signed as a volunteer on Feb4, with his duties including such tasks as checking passes and the temperature of people entering the community or delivering food and other necessities to his neighbors in self-quarantine.
The buildings in the community have five floors with no elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies.
“Those were heavy, and that’s why the community needed us younger people to help, ”Chen says.
“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community, ”Chen says. “The work also allowed me to get to know more of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family. ”
4．What made Chen Wencheng play a key role in safeguarding his community?
A．His rich knowledge. B．His wife’s request.
C．His selfless devotion. D．His classmates’ invitation.
5．What does the underlined word “Those” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．The deliveries B．The big rice bags.
C．The barrels of cooking oil. D．The daily supplies.
6．Which of the following best describes Chen’s work during pandemic outbreak?
A．The volunteer job. B．The brave helper.
C．The teacher. D．His septuagenarian.
7．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To praise students from Taiwan.
B．To carry forward the national spirit.
C．To introduce a true volunteering spirit.
D．To help with pandemic prevention and control.

Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures beamed live into our houses would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and flourished. And now, despite the growth in sophisticated smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts (播客) is booming.
Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising — it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the Internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.
But where did this trend for making portable audio programmers begin? Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market — one cultural and one technical” . Apple launched the iPhone podcast app, recording and editing equipment became cheaper, and 4G mobile phone connections and Wi-Fi became widespread.
Technological development has driven many changes in our media consumption habits. But however good the tech may be, there still needs to be something worth watching or listening to. The BBC’s Jamie Robertson writes that for podcasts, Serial — a piece of non-fiction investigative journalism — captured people’s imagination. It was a piece of high-quality audio with a gripping story. To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads. Advertisers soon realised the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts.
Now there are podcasts about anything and everything — even the educational content that BBC Learning English offers! And these aural treats are available on a wide range of platforms. Audiences are very specific, which can help advertisers target what they want to promote.
8．Why is it easy for almost anyone to make a podcast?
A．The cost of making a blog is low.
B．It can be streamed from the Internet.
C．It can be played on a computer or MP3 player.
D．Making a podcast docsn’t require any technology.
9．What can be done with a digital audio file?
A．It can be played without power.
B．It can be used to make phone calls.
C．It can offer high-definition pictures.
D．It can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time.
10．What does the underlined word “gripping” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Dull. B．Attractive. C．Ordinary. D．Horrible.
11．What can we infer about the future of podcasts from the passage?
A．It’s uncertain. B．It will be promising.
C．It will be miserable. D．It won’t be outstanding.

Doing less sitting and more moving is tied to living longer, according to a new study.
Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary (久坐不动的) time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity (强度) was associated with a 17％ lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday.
The study also found that replacing 30 minutes of sedentary time with 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous (剧烈的)exercise was associated with a 35％ lower risk of early death. “If you replace 30 minutes of sitting time with 30 minutes of light-intensity physical activity-so something just like a casual walk down the hall-that still can lower your risk,”said Keith Diaz, a professor at Columbia University Medical Center in New York.“Obviously, it doesn’t lower your risk as much as exercise, or as much as moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it still can lower risk, and to us, that was somewhat of a new finding,” Keith Diaz said.“Any movement for any length of time is going to give you health benefit, and this is really changing what we know about physical activity.”
The study included national data on 7,999 people aged 45 and older who wore activity monitors to track their sedentary time between 2009 and 2013. The researchers used that data to analyze the benefits that could be caused if sedentary time in the data was replaced with physical activity.
The researchers found that replacing sitting time with exercise and movement was associated with a benefit, but replacing long periods of sitting with shorter periods of sitting was not. “In our previous work, we found that if you take a break every 30 minutes, it will lower your risk from sitting,” Diaz said, and the new study also show that in the data.“We went deeper into the data to try to understand why people who took a movement every 30 minutes had a lower risk of death. It’s because they just had more opportunity to move,” he said.
12．Which of the following helps reduce the risk of dying early by 17%?
A．A 30 minutes’ light physical activity.
B．A moderate exercise for 30 minutes.
C．A vigorous workout for 35 minutes.
D．A break every 30 minute-long sitting at work.
13．What’s Diaz’s opinion about movement?
A．The longer the movement is,the better the result is.
B．A casual walk down the hall can benefit you most.
C．30 minutes of moderate exercise is the best choice.
D．Movements for any length of time are beneficial.
14．Why did the researchers do further research on the national data?
A．To find out the necessity to take a break every 30 minutes.
B．To prove the benefit of doing a little bit of physical exercise.
C．To know why physical activity every 30 minutes is beneficial.
D．To understand the proper length of time for physical exercise.
15．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Being Away from Sitting Too Long
B．Living Longer by Less Sitting and More Moving
C．The Relationship between Early Death and Exercising
D．The Significance of Different Levels of Moving

It’s hard to find Alice Munro in the media. Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of sight. On Dec 29, she still didn’t seek the spotlight (聚光灯) when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the Financial Times.
In Munro’s eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas. So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people. She often focuses on life in her hometown, a small village in Ontario which she is most familiar with. She writes about the ordinary things in the village. Above all, she talks about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune.
She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary. These are ordinary people, ordinary stories, but she has the magic. Her clear and accurate language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.
Runaway, one of Munro’s representative works, is a good example of her writingstyle. One of the stories centres on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark. The story slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decided to flee. The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals (背叛) of love
Since she published her first collection of short stories in 1968, Munro has won many awards, with the Nobel Prize being her biggest honour. On Oct 10, 2013, the Nobel Prize Committee named Munro the “Master of the contemporary (当代的) short story”.
16．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Alice Munro didn’t get on well with the media.
B．Alice Munro was surprised at winning the Nobel Prize.
C．Alice Munro remained modest though very successful.
D．Alice Munro didn’t value the title of Women of the Year.
17．What makes Alice Munro’s stories attractive according to the text?
A．The easyplots(情节).
B．Her writing skills.
C．Her rich imagination.
D．The humorous language.
18．What can we learn from her representative work Runaway?
A．Carla is a faithful wife.
B．Carla leads a happy life with Clark.
C．Carla tries to run away from her husband.
D．Carla loses all hopes for a better life.
19．What is the text mainly about?
A．Alice Munro and her writing style.
B．The awards Alice Mumro won.
C．Alice Munro and her hometown.
D．Alice Munro’s ordinary life.

There’s so much to see and do in the coolest little capital. Here’s our list of the top 5 must dos when you visit Wellington.
Enjoy 360° views from the top of Mount Victoria
Get a full view of the city and a great photo at the Mount Victoria Lookout. Watch the ships sailing in and planes taking off from Wellington Airport.
Ride the historic Wellington Cable Car
The Cable Car is a Wellington mark. It runs from Lambton Quay up to Kelburn. At its top, there’s a lookout, the Cable Car Museum, and Space Place at Carter Observatory.
Check out our world-famous movie-making magic
Get into the imagination and the skills of artists behind some of the world’s most wonderful movies at the
Wata Cave mini-museum, where you can find yourself in the world of the movie—The Lord of the Rings.
Have a close touch at Wellington Zoo
Do you want to hand-feed a giraffe, play with a group of meerkats (灰沼狸) or touch a cheetah’s (猎豹) fur?
All are possible at Wellington Zoo, the best little zoo in the world.
Discover our stories at Te Papa
The national museum of New Zealand, Te Papa, is fascinating and fun for any age. The exhibits (展览品) tell stories about each side of New Zealand in new and exciting ways. By the way, you can enter the Te Papa museum for free.
20．Where can visitors have a full view of Wellington?
A．At the Weta Cave mini-museum.
B．At the Mount Victoria Lookout.
C．At Wellington Zoo.
D．At Te Papa.
21．Who will probably be interested in the Wata Cave mini-museum?
A．People who love nature.
B．People who love history.
C．People who love movies.
D．People who love animals.
22．Which tourist attraction can be entered for free?
A．The Te Papa museum.
B．The Cable Car Museum.
C．Wellington Zoo.
D．The Weta Gave mini-museum.

I have dreamt of taking a trip to Hawaii since I graduated but the best thing always needs waiting. I took a trip with my friends to Haleakala National Park which lies in Hawaii.
When we arrived at Haleakala National Park, we were suggested to watch the early morning sunrise. I was lost in the sightseeing that afternoon so I could hardly wait to meet the sunrise. In the next morning we all jumped out of the bed very early at 3 o’clock and walked to the rocks by the seaside. In the first half an hour we imagined.
how wonderful it would be when the first light came out through the thick clouds and how soft it would be when the light touched our skin so we waited and waited. However, another half an hour later I gradually lost my patience since there was nothing but the chilly darkness and I felt that I was frozen to death. But my friends were still extremely cheerful.
Nearly another one hour later, “Amazing!” a word burst out from Judy and we all shouted to welcome the light orange greatness which is really unbelievable. Until today I dare say that it is the most impressive(印象深刻的)sunrise in my life. However, waiting in the morning darkness is also the one I cannot wipe out forever.
Waiting sometimes is really a hard thing for most of us as it needs patience and strong-willed determination but what about the result after that? It might turn out to be pleasingly unbelievable and satisfied. So, it is really worthwhile to wait for the best.
23．When did they see the first light of the sunrise?
A．About 3 o’clock.
B．About 4 o’clock.
C．Nearly 5 o’clock.
D．Nearly 6 o’clock.
24．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “chilly” in paragraph three?
A．Cold. B．Interesting.
C．Warm. D．Terrible.
25．What’s the author’s attitude towards waiting for the sunrise?
A．Excited all the time.
B．Firstly excited then impatient.
C．Afraid all the time.
D．Firstly excited then afraid.
26．What does the author want to tell us by this passage?
A．My friends and I took a trip to Hawaii.
B．I enjoyed the most flaming sunrise in my life.
C．Hawaii is a good place to enjoy the sunrise.
D．Sometimes it is worthwhile to wait for the best.

One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.
Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.
“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”
Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.
27．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America?
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.
C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.
28．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored?
A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.
C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
29．How does Rowe find the new discovery?
A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.
30．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America
B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America
C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America
D．Research on Mammoths in North America

America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. But each year, billions of pounds of perfectly good food go to waste. Meanwhile, 34 million face hunger in the United States.
As the country’s largest food rescue organization, Feeding America partners with food manufacturers, grocery stores, restaurants, and farmers to rescue food and deliver it to food banks serving our neighbors.
Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. Shockingly, nearly 40% of all food in America is wasted.
Food goes to waste at every stage of food production and distribution from farmers to packers and shippers, from manufacturers to retailers to our homes. Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. Feeding America focuses on reducing food waste on farms and in food service, manufacturing, and retail.
Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. This makes Feeding America the largest food rescue organization in the country.
Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need.
We identify food at risk of going to waste, offer rescued food to food banks, safely ship food over long distances and keep food fresh longer once it reaches a food bank.
31．What do we know about the food in America?
A．It is barely enough. B．It is quite abundant.
C．It is easily available. D．It is increasingly insufficient.
32．What does the underlined phrase “equates to” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Consumes. B．Multiplies. C．Wastes. D．Equals.
33．How does the author reveal the food waste in America?
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing reasons.
C．By presenting data. D．By offering examples.
34．What does Feeding America actually do?
A．It teaches people how to grow food. B．It saves food from being wasted.
C．It urges government to take action. D．It aims to relieve world hunger.

Newly published research shows that frogs are laying their eggs in the rain-filled footprints of Asian elephants, which then provide a safe home for growing tadpoles. The footprints eventually fade away, but they last for a year or more on the forest floor and can serve as important habitats during dry seasons and even as “stepping stones” between frog populations, No adult frogs were observed taking advantage of these foot-shaped puddles,although these eggs obviously came from somewhere.
This represents an important step in understanding the role of Asian elephants as“ecosystem engineers.”African elephants have long been recognized for the way they affect the natural systems around them—a similar study published in 2016 found tadpoles and dozens of insect species living in elephant footprints in Uganda—but Asian elephants have not benefited from the same level of scientific study.
“There is surprisingly little known about Asian elephants as ecosystem engineers, at least in comparison to African elephants,” says lead researcher Steven Platt, a wildlife expert.“That said, I think our study and several others indicate that Asian elephants play an important role as ecosystem engineers. Not only do elephants expand vegetation—knocking down trees, removing bamboos, spreading seeds,etc.—but they also affect the ecosystem in ways that might not be readily obvious, such as creating temporary ponds and waste piles used as food and cover.”
Platt says this shows the vast interplay between species and explains why it’s important to protect entire ecosystems and their full range of biodiversity. Meanwhile, the study further shows the need to protect elephants and the species that live around them, much like the previous study in Uganda. More importantly,Platt says the study in Myanmar also stresses the need to look for similar relationships in other nations where endangered Asian elephants still wander. No one knows exactly how many Asian elephants remain in the world, but all indications suggest their populations continue to shrink throughout their range. That decline, obviously, is caused bya creature with a much bigger footprint; humans.
35．What can we learn about Asian elephants’ foot prints?
A．They serve as habitats for tadpoles.
B．They provide habitats for adult frogs.
C．They are used to store bird eggs.
D．They become puddles and destroy the land.
36．What’s the significance of the research?
A．It challenges the 2016 study done in Uganda.
B．It recognizes African elephants’ role in nature.
C．It indicates the importance of Asian elephants.
D．It starts the scientific study on Asian elephants.
37．What does Platt say about the research?
A．It shows the need to study elephants’ living patterns.
B．It offers suggestions for protecting elephants from extinction.
C．It proves the need to calculate elephant numbers in the world.
D．It stresses the importance of treating the ecosystem as a whole.
38．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Frogs Make Friends with Elephants
B．Frogs are Fond of Elephants’ Feet
C．Humans’ Footprints Matter a Lot
D．Ecosystem Engineers are Influenced by Challenges














参考答案
1．B
2．B
3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了几个世界著名的图书馆信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Library and Archives, Canada—54 million items部分的“The current collection includes nearly 20 million books, 24 million photographs, private and government archives, aboriginal magazines, non-fiction and fiction films, Canadian periodicals, and more.(目前的馆藏包括近2000万本书，2400万张照片，私人和政府档案，澳洲土著杂志，非小说和小说电影，加拿大期刊等。)”可知，在Library and Archives, Canada你可以查找到的是Aboriginal magazines。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据New York Public Library—55 million items部分的“Today, the New York Public Library has 4 research libraries, branch libraries in Bronx, State Island and Manhattan and several smaller libraries affiliated (附属的) to it.(今天，纽约公共图书馆有4个研究型图书馆，布朗克斯，州立岛和曼哈顿的分馆以及几个附属的小型图书馆。)”可知，New York Public Library还包含其他的图书馆，这是其他介绍的图书馆所没有的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Russian State Library—44. 4 million items中的“It was founded on July lst, 1862.(它成立于1862年7月l日。)”，Library and Archives, Canada—54 million items中的“The Library and Archives of Canada was formed in 2004…(加拿大图书馆和档案馆成立于2004年……)”，New York Public Library—55 million items中的“It was established in 1895. (它成立于1895年。)”以及British Library—150 million items中的“The library was established by the British Library Act in 1972…(该图书馆于1972年根据《大英图书馆法》建立……)”可知，Russian State Library是建造最早的，历史最悠久。故选A项。
4．C
5．A
6．A
7．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自台湾的学生Chen Wencheng在疫情期间做志愿者，为保护他在北京的社区发挥了关键作用。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since Spring Festival. (来自台湾的Chen Wencheng是北京大学的一名博士后，他从春节开始就在小区里做志愿者工作。)”以及最后一段中“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.(这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全。)”等内容可知，是做志愿者这种无私的奉献让Chen Wencheng在保护他的社区方面发挥了关键作用。故选C项。
5．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The buildings in the community have five floors with no elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies. (这个社区的建筑有五层，没有电梯。Chen有时每天要送几十件东西，包括大饭袋和桶装食用油，以及其他日常用品。)”说明Chen每天需要爬楼梯运送几十件沉重的东西，从而推知划线词句“Those were heavy, and that’s why the community needed us younger people to help. (Those很沉重，这就是为什么社区需要我们这些年轻人的帮助。)”其中Those指代“那些递送的东西”。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the COVID- 19 outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control. (今年1月底，新冠肺炎疫情在北京爆发后，他很快就申请成为一名社区志愿者，帮助防控疫情。)”以及最后一段中“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.(志愿者工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它能提高我们社区2000多名居民的安全。)”可知，志愿者工作最能描述Chen Wencheng在疫情期间的工作。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community. (这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全。)”以及“The work also allowed me to get to know more of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family. (这份工作也让我结识了更多的邻居，这让整个社区感觉像一个大家庭。)”可知，本文目的是为了介绍真正的志愿服务精神。故选C项。
8．A
9．D
10．B
11．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是由于制作成本不高等因素，播客的受欢迎程度不断增长，而且其发展前景一片大好。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.(事实上，任何有话要说的人，以及花几英镑在设备上的人，都可以参与其中。)”可知，现在人们要想制作一个播客不需要花费很多。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time.(也许播客的增长并不奇怪——它提供了一个数字音频文件，可以随时下载和存储以供收听。)”可知，数字音频文件可是被下载下来随时收听。故选D项。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子的前一句“The BBC’s Jamie Robertson writes that for podcasts, Serial — a piece of non-fiction investigative journalism — captured people’s imagination.(英国广播公司的Jamie Robertson写道，对于播客来说，连续剧——一种非虚构的调查性新闻——抓住了人们的想象力。)”以及划线单词所在句子的下一句“To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads.(迄今为止，该节目的第一季和第二季的下载量已超过 3.4 亿次。)”可知，这是介绍电视剧能够吸引观众，由此可次猜测，这是一条高质量的音频且带有吸引人的故事。划线词与attractive同义。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据首段中的最后一句“And now, despite the growth in sophisticated smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts (播客) is booming. (现在，尽管提供高清图片的复杂智能手机在增长，但播客的受欢迎程度正在蓬勃发展。 )”以及全文的主题可知，播客的发展很有前景。故选B项。
12．A
13．D
14．C
15．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究发现少坐多动能延年益寿，用体育活动取代久坐，可以降低早死风险。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity was associated with a 17％ lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday.(周一发表在《美国流行病学杂志》(American Journal of Epidemiology)上的一项研究表明，用30分钟的低强度体育活动取代每天30分钟的久坐时间，可以降低17%的早死风险)”可知，用30分钟的低强度体育活动取代每天30分钟的久坐时间，可以降低17%的早死风险。选项中A项“A 30 minutes’ light physical activity. (30分钟的轻体力活动)”符合。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Obviously, it doesn’t lower your risk as much as exercise, or as much as moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it still can lower risk, and to us, that was somewhat of a new finding,” Keith Diaz said.“Any movement for any length of time is going to give you health benefit, and this is really changing what we know about physical activity.”(基思·迪亚兹说:“显然，它不能像锻炼或中等到剧烈的体育活动那样降低风险，但它仍然可以降低风险。对我们来说，这是一个新发现。”“任何时间的运动都对你的健康有益，这真的改变了我们对体育活动的认识。”)”可知，迪亚兹认为任何时间的运动都是有益的。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We went deeper into the data to try to understand why people who took a movement every 30 minutes had a lower risk of death. It’s because they just had more opportunity to move.(我们深入研究了数据，试图理解为什么每30分钟运动一次的人死亡风险更低。这是因为他们有更多运动的机会)”可知，研究人员要对全国数据做进一步的研究的目的是了解为什么每30分钟的体育锻炼是有益的。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Doing less sitting and more moving is tied to living longer, according to a new study.(一项新研究表明，少坐多动能延年益寿)”以及第二段“Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity was associated with a 17％ lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday.(周一发表在《美国流行病学杂志》(American Journal of Epidemiology)上的一项研究表明，用30分钟的低强度体育活动取代每天30分钟的久坐时间，可以降低17%的早死风险)”和第三段“The study also found that replacing 30 minutes of sedentary time with 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise was associated with a 35％ lower risk of early death.(该研究还发现，用30分钟的中度到剧烈运动取代30分钟的久坐，可以降低35%的早死风险)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现少坐多动能延年益寿。所以B项“Living Longer by Less Sitting and More Moving(少坐多动能活得更久)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
16．C
17．B
18．C
19．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2103年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Alice Munro的作品内容、写作风格等信息。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’s hard to find Alice Munro in the media. Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of sight. On Dec 29, she still didn’t seek the spotlight when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the Financial Times.(在媒体上很难找到爱丽丝·门罗。即使在获得2013年诺贝尔文学奖后，这位加拿大作家也只是出现在一个简短的采访中，然后就消失了。12月29日，当她被英国《金融时报》评为“年度五位女性”之一时，她仍然没有寻求聚光灯的关注)”可知，爱丽丝·门罗虽然很成功，但仍然很谦虚。故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary.These are ordinary people, ordinary stories,but she has the magic. Her clear and accurate language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.(她有从平凡中发现不平凡的特殊才能。这些都是普通人，普通的故事，但她有魔力。她清晰而准确的语言，细节的深度和她讲故事的逻辑使她的故事吸引人)”可知，写作技巧让爱丽丝·门罗的故事吸引人。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Runaway, one of Munro’s representative works, is a good example of her writingstyle. One of the stories centres on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark.The story slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decided to flee.(《逃跑》是门罗的代表作之一，是她写作风格的典范。其中一个故事的中心是一个普通女人卡拉的生活，她和她的丈夫克拉克住在加拿大的一个小镇上。这个故事慢慢形成了卡拉的画面，她被困在一段糟糕的婚姻中，她的不幸逐渐变成绝望，直到她决定逃离)”可知，我们可以从她的代表作《逃跑》中知道卡拉试图逃离她的丈夫。故选C项。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s hard to find Alice Munro in the media. Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of sight.(在媒体上很难找到爱丽丝·门罗。即使在获得2013年诺贝尔文学奖后，这位加拿大作家也只是出现在一个简短的采访中，然后就消失了)”以及第二段“In Munro’s eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas. So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people.(在门罗眼里，平凡的生活总是隐藏着宏大的戏剧。所以她记录了我们随意认为是正常人的日常行为)”以及第三段“Her clear and accurate language,depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.(她清晰而准确的语言，细节的深度和她讲故事的逻辑使她的故事吸引人)”以及最后一段“Since she published her first collection of short stories in 1968, Munro has won many awards,with the Nobel Prize being her biggest honour. On Oct 10, 2013, the Nobel Prize Committee named Munro the “Master of the contemporary short story”.(自1968年出版第一本短篇小说集以来，门罗获得了许多奖项，其中诺贝尔奖是她最大的荣誉。2013年10月10日，诺贝尔奖委员会授予门罗“当代短篇小说大师”的称号)”可知，本文主要介绍了爱丽丝·门罗和她的写作风格。故选A项。
20．B
21．C
22．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者介绍冬天新西兰首都惠灵顿的前五名的游览之地。
20．细节理解题。根据Enjoy 360° views from the top of Mount Victoria部分的“Get a full view of the city and a great photo at the Mount Victoria Lookout.(在维多利亚山瞭望台，你可以饱览整个城市的风光，还可以拍一张漂亮的照片)”可知，在维多利亚山瞭望台可以饱览惠灵顿的全景。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据Check out our world-famous movie-making magic部分的“Wata Cave mini-museum, where you can find yourself in the world of the movie—The Lord of the Rings.(Wata Cave迷你博物馆，在这里你可以发现自己置身于电影《指环王》的世界)”可知，喜欢电影的人很有可能对Wata Cave迷你博物馆感兴趣。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Discover our stories at Te Papa部分的“By the way, you can enter the Te Papa museum for free.(顺便说一下，你可以免费进入蒂帕帕博物馆)”可知，The Te Papa museum可以免费进入。故选A。
23．C
24．A
25．B
26．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和朋友去夏威夷的哈雷阿卡拉国家公园看日出的经历，从而得出感悟最好的东西值得等待。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the next morning we all jumped out of the bed very early at 3 o’clock and walked to the rocks by the seaside. In the first half an hour we imagined.” （第二天早晨我们都在凌晨三点起床并且走到海边的岩石上。在最初的半小时里，我们想象着景象）可知此时已是三点半，再根据第三段中“However another half an hour later I gradually lost my patience since there was nothing but the chilly darkness and I felt that I was frozen to death.” （然而半个小时过去了我逐渐丧失了耐心因为除了寒冷的黑暗什么都没有并且我觉得我快要被冻死了）可知此时已是四点，又根据第四段中“Nearly another one hour later, “Amazing!” a word burst out from Judy and we all shouted to welcome the light orange greatness which is really unbelievable.”（又过了差不多一个小时，“太棒了！”朱迪脱口而出，我们都大声欢呼欢迎这个浅橙色的令人难以置信的伟大）可知一个小时后也就是五点，作者和他的朋友们终于迎来了日出。故选C项。
24．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However another half an hour later I gradually lost my patience since there was nothing but the chilly darkness and I felt that I was frozen to death.”（然而半个小时过去了我逐渐丧失了耐心因为除了chilly黑暗什么都没有并且我觉得我快要被冻死了）尤其“frozen to death”可知，作者在黑夜中等待的过程是寒冷的。故选A项。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I was lost in the sightseeing that afternoon so I could hardly wait to meet the sunrise.”（我沉迷于那天下午的美景所以我迫不及待想要去看日出）可知作者起初对于看日出这件事感到兴奋，再根据第三段“However another half an hour later I gradually lost my patience since there was nothing but the chilly darkness and I felt that I was frozen to death.”（然而半个小时过去了我逐渐丧失了耐心因为除了寒冷的黑暗什么都没有并且我觉得我快要被冻死了）可知等待日出时的寒冷使作者失去了耐心，由此可知作者的心理状态由最初的兴奋变得没有耐心。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第五段中“ It might turn out to be pleasingly unbelievable and satisfied.So, it is really worthwhile to wait for the best.”（结果就是令人愉快的，难以置信的和满足的。对于美好的事物的等待都是值得的）可是作者想表达的观点就是：有时美好值得等待。故选D项。
27．D
28．C
29．A
30．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
31．B
32．D
33．C
34．B

【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国食物浪费的现象及Feeding America在减少食物浪费方面所做的努力。
31．细节理解题。由第一段中的“America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. (美国的食物足够每个人吃)”可知，美国食物充足。故选B项。
32．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这equates to每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”可知，这里把浪费的食物折合成饭和美元，它们的价值是相等的，划线部分意为“等于（Equals）”。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这相当于每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”和第四段中的“Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. (我们家中的食物垃圾约占所有食物垃圾的39%，约420亿磅食物垃圾，而商业食物垃圾约为所有食物垃圾或660亿磅食物废物的61%)”可知，作者通过呈现数据来说明美国食物浪费的严重性。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. (去年，Feeding America网络和我们的合作伙伴拯救了47亿英镑的食品杂货。这些食物直接用于饥饿人群的膳食)”和倒数第二段“Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need. (食物救援，或食物回收，是一种收集高质量食物（否则这些食物将被浪费）并分发给面临饥饿的人的做法。我们与制造商、零售商和农民合作，减少食物浪费，为有需要的人提供救援食品)”可知，Feeding America将原本会被浪费的高质量粮食收集起来，分发给面临饥饿的人们，避免了食物浪费。故选B项。
35．A
36．C
37．D
38．B

【导语】本文是说明文。亚洲象在生态系统中扮演了重要的角色，它们与其他物种紧密相连，相互影响共生。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段中的第一句“Newly published research shows that frogs are laying their eggs in the rain-filled footprints of Asian elephants, which then provide a safe home for growing tadpoles.(最新发表的研究表明，青蛙在亚洲象布满雨水的脚印中产卵，这为蝌蚪的生长提供了一个安全的家。)”可知，亚洲象的脚印给蝌蚪提供了栖息地，故选A项。
36．推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句“This represents an important step in understanding the role of Asian elephants as ‘ecosystem engineers.’(这是了解亚洲象作为“生态系统工程师”角色的重要一步。)”以及第三段专家Steven Platt所说的“That said, I think our study and several others indicate that Asian elephants play an important role as ecosystem engineers.(也就是说，我认为我们的研究和其他几项研究表明，亚洲象作为生态系统工程师发挥着重要作用。)”可知，研究的重要意义在于表明了亚洲象的重要性。故选C项。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段专家Steven Platt所说的“That said，I think our study and several others indicate that Asian elephants play an important role as ecosystem engineers.(也就是说，我认为我们的研究和其他几项研究表明，亚洲象作为生态系统工程师发挥着重要作用。)”和第四段第一句“Platt says this shows the vast interplay between species and explains why it’s important to protect entire ecosystems and their full range of biodiversity.(普拉特说，这显示了物种之间巨大的相互作用，并解释了为什么保护整个生态系统及其全方位的生物多样性很重要。)”可知，这项研究强调了将生态系统作为一个整体来对待的重要性。故选D项。
38．主旨大意题。根据本文第一段第一句话和第二句话的研究新发现即青蛙在亚洲象布满雨水的脚印中产卵，亚洲象为蝌蚪的生长提供了一个安全的家，由此阐述本文关键内容亚洲象对于生态系统的重要意义。B选项“Frogs are Fond of Elephants’ Feet(青蛙喜欢大象的脚)”新颖独特，吸引读者注意力。故选B。