江苏高考英语阅读理解专项训练

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DIRECTOR GENERALC
WWF INTERNATIONAL

WWF is an independent conservation organization active in nearly 100 countries, working to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and nature.
We are part of a growing group calling on world leaders to set nature on the path to recovery by 2030. Working with many others—from individuals and communities to business and government—WWF urgently seeks to protect and restore natural habitats, stop the mass extinction of wildlife, and make the way we produce and consume sustainable.
WWF seeks a new Director General to succeed the retiring incumbent(现任者).The Director General leads the WWF organization globally and is accountable for ensuring that the WWF Network is in line with the delivery of global organizational goals to support our mission and achieve tangible conservation impact.
This is a demanding and high-profile role. The ideal candidate:
• Is an inspiring and influential leader with a significant track record of leading complex global organizations;
• Has a deep and broad understanding of conservation, environmental and development issues;
• Possesses strong political wisdom and excellent understanding of and experience in environmental and sustainability issues at the international policy level;
• Has the ability to skillfully influence externally through vision, effective communication, political strategies and networking;
• Demonstrates a genuine commitment to the WWF mission and values.
Egon Zehnder has been retained as our exclusive partner in this search. Please register your interest at WWFInternationalDG2022@EgonZehnder.com.
The submission deadline is 31 July 2022.
www.panda.org
1．Which of the following is NOT a mission of WWF?
A．To protect and restore natural habitats.
B．To save wildlife from mass extinction.
C．To achieve conservation support financially.
D．To promote and pursue sustainable development.
2．What should an ideal director general be like?
A．An aggressive and proud leader.
B．An excellent and tricky politician.
C．An inspiring and visionary communicator.
D．An ambitious and committed conservationist.
3．What is probably the text?
A．A book review. B．A recruitment advertisement.
C．A news report. D．A personnel application.

Four of the best British foodie gatherings
Scottish Wild Food Festival
If you’ve wondered if anything in there would make a tasty soup, then the Scottish Wild Food Festival (adult £16, child 5-13 £2, family £30) should be in your calendar. The festival focuses on the local, in-season and kind to the planet. Hosted at Tir Na Nóg, six miles east of the West Highland Way, the weekend makes a great start (or end) to a hike.
Ludlow Castle Food Festival
The lovely setting of Ludlow Castle is a great place for a food festival (adult £10, child 5-13 £4, family £26). It is a real treat in many ways. There are over 100 stalls (摊位) selling samples of country fare such as Hereford beef pie to all comers. A cheese-rolling game down the castle mound (堤) was great fun. Plus there are bands and poetry readings with food themes, too.
Sheffield Food Festival
Sheffield Food Festival (free) is held each June in the city centre. Local vendors (摊主) have everything on offer from Caribbean fusion dishes to specialty focaccia. Heeley City Farm, a charitable city centre farm, is my favourite producer with its organic produce and focus on sustainability. There is, of course, plenty of craft beer, too.
Bolton Food & Drink Festival
Love food? Enjoy cuisines from every corner of the world? Well, Bolton Food & Drink Festival (free) is a food lover’s dream. It takes place in December. As soon as you enter the Market Square your sense of smell and taste will be in overdrive with Greek, Chinese and Indian cuisines, etc. You could learn a few cooking skills from celebrity chefs (名厨) as well.
4．What’s the lowest cost for a couple with a four-year-old son to visit Scottish Wild Food Festival?
A．£30. B．£34. C．£32. D．£18.
5．What can visitors do at Ludlow Castle Food Festival?
A．Eat food for free. B．Enjoy food culture.
C．Defend the castle. D．Join music bands.
6．What do Sheffield Food Festival and Bolton Food & Drink Festival have in common?
A．They serve organic food. B．They teach visitors cooking skills.
C．They don’t charge admission fees. D．They are held at the same time annually.

Activities for Toddlers in Cincinnati
Toddlers are constantly moving and playing with something—whether they should or not. Sometimes finding kid-friendly activities to entertain and teach the youngest ones can be difficult.
We put together a list of kid-friendly activities for toddlers in Cincinnati. Through sports, art, music, stories, or even just structured play, your child can begin learning at a very early age.       
YogahOMe offers classes from Tippi Toes Dance Company for children as young as 18 months. The classes are designed to develop motor skills and body awareness and help develop the imagination, critical thinking, cognitive and creative skills. Classes include Mommy & Me, Baby Ballet, and Ballet, Tap, Jazz.
Brazee Street Studios offers monthly events for you and your toddler to enjoy. Storytelling, tours and more teach your child the joys of art from an early age. Programs include Culture kids, Art in the Making, and Wee Wednesdays. Story times include reading a story and creating a piece of glass art that agrees with the stories theme.
Little Songbird Music Studio, with locations in Florence and Cincinnati, specializes in music education for babies, toddlers, and preschoolers and offers classes for children up through age 9 and their parents. A popular offering is the Musikgarten curriculum, which is a holistic approach to teaching music to children, and teaching your child to communicate using sign language through song and play.
Bee Active offers gymnastics classes for children as young as 18 months old and focuses on flexibility, strength, coordination and basic gymnastics moves. Open recreation time is available in the gymnastics center, rock climbing wall and adventure zone.
7．Which activity may make toddlers more likely to be sport lovers?
A．Bee Active B．Brazee Street Studios
C．YogahOMe D．Little Songbird Music Studio
8．What can toddlers learn to do in Brazee Street Studios?
A．Read stories every day. B．Improve body flexibility.
C．Develop hands-on ability. D．Use sign language to sing.
9．What do these activities have in common?
A．They all require parents to participate.
B．They all teach toddlers by entertaining.
C．They all focus on toddlers’ imagination.
D．They all offer classes to toddlers for free.

Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. The scientists are measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony, producing young every year, and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions,” said Alex Borowicz. He is an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy, faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land. Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington, another researcher from Stony Brook, told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins—with bright orange beaks and white markings on their heads—prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century, Gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice. They mostly forage (觅食) over the continental shelf and don’t go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have gotten used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction.
“When we find Adelie penguins, we typically know that sea ice is nearby,” Stony Brook’s Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing, they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge. Even though Adelie penguins are increasing in number overall, some populations have fallen by more than 65 percent, researchers say.
10．Why do scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins?
A．To offer them better protection.
B．To find out about the penguin population.
C．To have a clearer idea of their living habits.
D．To learn more about the conditions of Antarctica.
11．What makes penguins easier to follow than other kinds of animals?
A．Their various kinds of species. B．Their unique eating habits.
C．Their nesting habit and body color. D．Their unusual hunting ways.
12．What can be inferred about Gentoo penguins from paragraph 4?
A．They are quite adaptive. B．They are in great danger.
C．They tend to hunt far out to sea. D．They have a preference for sea ice.
13．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Adelie penguin has been affected by climate change.
B．Adelie penguin has got used to the changing environment.
C．Adelie penguin population has fallen by more than 65 percent.
D．Adelie pepenguin population represents the area’s whole ecosystem.

Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, Virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. It should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR, aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology, is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
14．Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A．Because it is an exclusively new tool.
B．Because it is very powerful and popular.
C．Because people can experience the story in person.
D．Because it is very fast, accurate and good-looking.
15．According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A．How powerful and interesting it can be.
B．Whether people will have easy access to it.
C．Whether qualified VR headsets can be built.
D．What new ways people will find to deliver content.
16．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A．Optimistic. B．Neutral. C．Pessimistic. D．Concerned.
17．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality
B．The Future Development of Virtual Reality
C．Challenges and Hurdles of Virtual Reality
D．Virtual Reality is the Future of Storytelling

My hands were shaking uncontrollably. I tried incredibly hard to focus on the words that I spent hours putting down on paper. I tried to defeat my fear of speaking in public on numerous occasions throughout my life. During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting. Public speaking had been my nemesis for as long as I could remember.
Then in my mid-thirties, I decided to join the public speaking group Toastmasters. At every meeting we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.
It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. Science has made this country a place where dreams come true — this is why we all need to protect science. In addition, as a science writer, I try to get readers to understand how science is related to their daily lives.
So I was on that frightening stage on that sunny Saturday in April — Earth Day. Despite the body shakes and fear, I persevered. That day, I looked out into the crowd of like-minded science supporters and I felt comfort.
Reaching that milestone goal of getting through a speech truly changed me. At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.
18．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “nemesis” in Paragraph 1?
A．Advantage. B．Annoyance.
C．Preference. D．Confusion.
19．How did the author behave towards public speaking after leaving Toastmasters?
A．He began to feel less worried. B．He became a polished speaker.
C．He remained a shy speaker. D．Things became worse for him.
20．What made the author want to speak out on Earth Day?
A．He couldn’t bear people attacking science.
B．It was a simple test organized by Toastmasters.
C．It was a good opportunity for him to learn science.
D．He had no choice but to rise up to defend his own job.
21．What lesson did the author draw from his successful speech?
A．Frustration can be stepping stones to success.
B．Science can lead us to make wonderful changes.
C．Any difficulty can be overcome with great efforts.
D．Passion can motive us to achieve the unachievable.

Recently, the laboratory of Sami El-Boustani, an assistant professor at the University of Geneva, has studied the role played by motivation in perception (感知) and decision-making. “We wanted to observe how sensory information sent by cortical neurons (大脑皮层神经元) is changed by the degree of motivation and to what extent the latter can have an effect on learning and performance in a decision-making task,” explains Sami El-Boustani.
The research team developed a behavioral pattern involving mice in a controlled water consumption condition. Researchers first trained these mice to respond to the stimulation of two whiskers (鼠须) (A and B) and to produce an action — licking a spout (舔壶嘴)— only for whisker A in order to obtain a drop of water. Following this training, these mice reacted mainly to the stimulation of whisker A．Finally, the researchers conducted these experiments at decreasing levels of thirst in order to vary the motivation of the mice to participate in the task.
In a state of great thirst, mice licked the spout randomly with great motivation. In a state of medium thirst, the choice of their action became ideal. They mainly licked the spout when whisker A was stimulated. Finally, when they were not very thirsty, their performance in the task dropped again. By observing the activity of neuronal populations responsible for perceptual decision-making in these mice, researchers discovered that high-motivation leads to the strong stimulation of cortical neurons, which causes a loss of accuracy in the perception of the stimulation. In contrast, in the low-motivation state, the accuracy of the sensory information was recovered, but the strength of the signal was too low for it to be sent correctly.
These results reveal that the level of motivation does not only impact decision-making but also the perception of sensory information, which leads to the decision. Researchers observed that mice understood the rule very quickly but could only express this learning much later, depending on a changed perception linked to their level of motivation. The research on the role of motivation in learning opens the way to new adaptive methods that aim to maintain the best level of motivation during learning.
22．Which aspect of motivation does the laboratory’s research focus on?
A．What role perception plays in motivation.
B．What effect learning has on motivation.
C．How motivation affects decision making.
D．How sensory information affects motivation.
23．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The methods of conducting the experiment.
B．The limitations of the experiment.
C．The significance of the experiment.
D．The results of the experiment.
24．In the experiment, the mice performed well enough in all the situations when_________.
A．they were pushed by high motivation
B．the perception of stimulation was inaccurate
C．the signal was not strong enough
D．they were motivated to a medium degree
25．What does the last paragraph mainly tell readers?
A．A lasting motivation can brings about a proper decision.
B．People have difficulty maintaining the best level of motivation.
C．Flexible methods are needed to maintain the right degree of motivation.
D．High motivation makes the brain process sensory information accurately.

Plants and exposure to greenery have been found to have multiple mental health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood, and increasing self-esteem.
Gardening and care for plants can help to turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions. So with all that, what do these experts recommend as the best plant?
Snake plant. It’s very easy to care for, thrives in spaces with low sunlight, has visual appeal, and cleans the air, and they are drought resistant if you forget to water them.
Spider plants. Spider plants, with plenty of light-green leaves, are another low-maintenance selection.When a spider plant thrives, it will grow new offshoots that can be clipped and potted as a new plant.
Aloe Vera. Drought-resistant and easy to grow. Aloe Vera is low-maintenance, you can just water it monthly, and it helps clean the airspace and is helpful for burns, cuts, and scrapes to help injuries heal faster or soothe pain.
Lavender is well-known for its relaxing scent, and it has a calming effect, aids in reducing stress, promotes sleep.This means it’s great both in the garden, or clipped and dried in a bowl inside your space .
Basil is a summertime herb that loves the sun. Not only is it delicious in meals, but eating basil has health benefits, too. It has properties which help to relieve stress and anxiety.
Lemon balm. This fragrant green herb is part of the mint family and is simple to cultivate. Known for its calming properties, it has a light lemony scent that can be wonderfully intensified by rubbing the leaves between your fingers. It has been used to improve sleep, reduce stress and anxiety, improve appetite, and help with indigestion.
26．What can we know from the passage?
A．Spider plants will still survive if you forget to water them.
B．Lavender is recognized for its mint scent and calming effects.
C．Snake plants grow well in spaces without enough sunlight.
D．Basil is not edible but has some valuable properties.
27．What do these plants have in common?
A．They need little water. B．They appeal to the eye.
C．They help us calm down. D．They enhance health.
28．How many of the plants mentioned in the passage can help people to handle stress or anxiety?
A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five

Going against the tide of flocking to well-known yet generally jam-packed tourist destinations on vacation, a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts to seek unique, relaxed holiday experiences.
During the week-long public holiday, which ended on Oct 7, large numbers of vacationers, especially young professionals who long to escape hectic city life, avoided popular holiday destinations in order to get off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet.
According to data from online travel agency Qunar, as cited by Beijing Daily, the number of rooms booked at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year on year.
Some young professionals who normally have little time for themselves simply had a staycation in a hotel to make the much-awaited time more relaxing.
Besides crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations, which often involve pricey tickets, meals and hotel stays.
“Tourism used to be about sightseeing. Now it is about experiences,” Dai Bin, president of the China Tourism Academy, told Beijing Daily.
He said popular tourist spots are always packed and often raise their prices during holidays. As people become more mature travelers, they are increasingly reluctant to follow the herd.
In addition, lesser-known attractions are not as “commercial” and “standardized” as developed ones and are able to offer more authentic experiences and natural encounters, according to social media posts. And unlike popular destinations, some underexplored places with little online exposure can offer more surprises.
COVID-19 is another key factor fueling reverse tourism. As precautionary measures continue, traveling has an unpredictable quality. A traveler has no way of knowing what lies ahead before departure, be it a perfect holiday or one interrupted by a sudden outbreak. Travelers have thus become more cautious and tend to choose local attractions or places with fewer tourists.
Jiang Han, a senior researcher at the Beijing-based public policy think tank Pangoal, said that reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market and is an opportunity for growth comparable to the camping economy.
To give a real boost to the tourism market, Jiang suggested that more efforts be made to tap the potential of underrated, lesser-known destinations.
29．Young people like reverse tourism in that __________.
A．They have a desire to save on the cost of trips.
B．They long to book the cheapest hotel.
C．They want to enjoy their relaxing break.
D．Reverse tourism has become a trend in China.
30．The underlined part “get off the beaten track” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by__________.
A．Start the old route B．Break the routine
C．Take easy paths D．Travel long distances
31．Which of the following statements cannot account for the rise of reverse tourism?
A．Tourists spend less than usual.
B．COVID-19 makes tourists more cautious.
C．Tourists can get a better sense of experience.
D．It has already been commercialized.
32．What is Jiang’s attitude towards reverse tourism according to the last two paragraphs?
A．Its development will be affected by Covid-19.
B．It has a better future than the camping economy.
C．Lesser-known resorts should try to develop further.
D．It forces popular destinations to improve themselves.

Exams are nerve-racking, especially for those already of an anxious disposition. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the beady eye of the invigilator; the smug expression of the person sitting at the neighboring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not.
What is, perhaps surprising, according to the research published recently in Psychological Science by Maria Theobad at the Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education and her colleagues, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of revision.
What Dr Theobald found was that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What did predict it was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the earlier digital learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, regardless of how anxious they were on the day.
What actually hampered students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam the lower his or her knowledge gain was during that period, leaving that student with less helpful material in mind during the exam itself.
And this is a positive discovery, for it suggests a change of approach to revision by the anxious might help improve their results.
Dr Theobald notes that test-anxiety is at its worst when students have low expectations of success and simultaneously know that passing the exam is exceedingly important. To reduce this anxiety, she proposes a two fold strategy for students to consider as they revise.
First they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can weaken the significance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation.
33．According to the research, which of the following can help to predict a student’s bad results in exams?
A．The exam hall is silent during the exams.
B．He is very much afraid of the exams.
C．He feels great pressure from his classmates.
D．He displayed low-level knowledge gain in his revision.
34．A student’s exam performance can be predicted based on____________.
A．The level of his anxiety on the exam day.
B．His scale of knowledge shown in the mock exam.
C．His digital learning abilities during the exam.
D．His good performance in the real exam.
35．What does the underlined word “hampered” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．helped. B．encouraged.
C．stimulated. D．blocked.
36．What can students do to reduce their exam anxiety?
A．Have more confidence in their abilities.
B．Value the importance of passing the exam.
C．Have low expectations of success.
D．Deny the significance of the text.

Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography.”
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress. And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”
37．What does the underlined phrase “hit rock bottom” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Be in the worst possible situation. B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock. D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
38．How did photography benefit Doogue?
A．It gave him a new way to express himself. B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills. D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
39．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems?
A．The way men employ to solve problems. B．The lack of love for men’s life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people. D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
40．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text?
A．To warn the severity of mental problems. B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature. D．To introduce Doogue’s fighting against depression.

Internet Genealogy (族谱) is your guide to successful genealogy research using the World Wide Web. We also recognize, however, that the Internet isn’t necessarily the only source for research, so Internet Genealogy will also tell you what to do if you cannot find the records you need and how to confirm your findings. The magazine also covers advanced genealogical methods such as DNA analysis, as well as software and technology reviews, case studies, databases and other internet-related family history topics.
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Your Genealogy Today is a how-to genealogy magazine. People who are trying to discover their family roots know that there is no “master plan” that tells you how to conduct your research. While some ancestral lines can be traced back several generations with relatively little effort, others can only be discovered after painstaking research. Your Genealogy Today recognizes that there are hundreds, maybe thousands, of different records and methods that may apply to your own research.
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History Magazine opens a window on the past, providing believable stories about how our world became the place it is today. Written from a North American perspective, History Magazine’s articles are clear, informative and insightful and come supported by beautiful images and maps. History Magazine breathes life into stories of the past, telling tales of both critical moments and everyday life with passion and spirit.
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41．Who is Internet Genealogy targeted at?
A．Engineers who are expert at software. B．Those who are fond of stories of family history.
C．Those who show interest in genealogy research. D．Researchers who are doing DNA analysis.
42．How much will you pay for Your Genealogy Today (Digital) for two years?
A．$17. 95. B．$25. 00. C．$19. 95. D．$35. 90.
43．Which of the following could be included in History Magazine?
A．North African perspective. B．Stories of past lives.
C．Studies of family roots. D．Advanced genealogical methods.

A new study shows that increases in extreme winter weather in parts of the US are linked to quickened warming of the Arctic.
Over the past four decades, warming in the Arctic has been far more definite than that in the rest of the world and has caused a rapid decrease of summer sea ice. Heating in the Arctic has ultimately disturbed the circular pattern of winds known as the polar vortex (旋涡). As a result, it got stretched out of shape and slid southward off the pole. Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year.
“The polar vortex over the Arctic usually locks in cold air at the poles and does not easily move south. The stronger the winds, the more the air inside is kept, and the colder it gets,” explained lead researcher Dr. Judah Cohen, who’s a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Melting ice in the Arctic and rising temperatures can disturb the Arctic vortex, making cold air no longer locked in the Arctic, but move some farther south.” The researchers say that their findings are based on both observations and modelling and they show a physical link between climate change in the Arctic, the stretching of the polar vortex and the impacts on ground.
The researchers believe their work could improve predictions about the beginning of extreme cold winter events. The research team also believes that their findings will help people understand that global warming is complex and perhaps let go of the idea that colder winters mean climate change isn’t happening. “In the past, these cold extremes over the US and Russia have been used to justify not reducing carbon, but there’s no longer any excuse not to start reducing emissions right away,” said Dr. Cohen.
44．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The explanation given by scientists. B．The formation of Texas cold wave.
C．The decrease of summer sea ice. D．The polar vortex’s being disturbed.
45．What is the function of polar vortex?
A．Preventing cold air from escaping. B．Helping cold air move freely.
C．Accelerating the melting of ice. D．Making the wind stronger.
46．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Global warming merely causes unnecessary fear.
B．Weather-gone-wild pattern is a fantasy.
C．Reducing emissions is a pressing matter.
D．There’s no longer any excuse not to start reducing emissions.
47．In which column of a website can the text probably be found?
A．Entertainment. B．Tourism. C．Education. D．Environment.

Nowadays, bamboo growth cycles and the dietary needs of lemurs (狐猴) are out of sync. Findings show rainfalls are changing annually. Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February—14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”
Since baby lemurs are born in November, the delayed rainy season is dangerously affecting the survival of them for lack of nutrition available for both the mothers and offspring. “This is why, for extreme feeding specialists like the greater bamboo lemur, climate change can be an unknowing killer,” Wright says. “Making the lemurs rely on bamboo stems(茎) for just a bit longer may be enough to tip the balance from existence to extinction.” The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas’ teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.
The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.
The situation is serious, so Wright and her colleagues plan to create bamboo corridors within the rainforests, which will provide available bamboo to eat. They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. Wright’s conservation plans include moving lemurs back to other places on the island as well.
48．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A．Go with each other. B．Occur at different times.
C．Lead to a heated discussion. D．Call for effective protection.
49．Why will lemurs get hungry if the dry season continues?
A．They may run out of bamboo.
B．They can’t adapt to the hot season.
C．They dislike the less delicious stems.
D．They can’t chew the stems for a long period.
50．What mainly caused the living area of lemurs to narrow?
A．The climate change. B．Their teeth protection.
C．The decreasing forest. D．Their special dietary habits.
51．Which of the following may Wright approve of to protect lemurs?
A．Shortening the dry season.
B．Forbidding the cutting of bamboo.
C．Strengthening people’s motivation.
D．Finding other islands for lemurs to live on.

At 1:43 a.m. October 5, 2022, Stanford chemist Carolyn R. Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi.
Carolyn Bertozzi, born October 10, 1966, Boston, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her development of bioorthogonal reactions, which allow scientists to explore cells and track biological processes without disturbing the normal chemistry of the cell. She shares the $10 million Swedish kronor (about $1 million USD) prize equally with Morten Meldal, professor at University of Copenhagen and K. Barry Sharpless, professor at Scripps Research “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”
Carolyn received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1993 to 1995. She became an assistant professor at Berkeley in 1996 and a full professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology in 2002. She also held an appointment as a professor of molecular and cellular pharmacology from 2000 to 2002 at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2015 she became a professor of chemistry at Stanford University.
“I could not be more delighted that Carolyn Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Carolyn invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain a deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Her work has had remarkable real-world impact, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat disease. Carolyn is so deserving of this honor, and all of us at Stanford are too proud to call her one of our own.”
Carolyn’s bioorthogonal reactions have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancer medicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.
52．Why does the author mention the phone call Carolyn received in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the background information of Carolyn.
B．To reveal a conversation between two scientists.
C．To arouse the readers’ interest in the passage.
D．To show the urgency about the information.
53．What can we learn about Carolyn from paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Her education and success. B．Her delight and pride.
C．Her kindness and devotion. D．Her dream and ambition.
54．What can we infer from Marc Tessier-Lavigne’s words?
A．He wants to cooperate with Carolyn.
B．Carolyn has found a new cure for cancer.
C．He benefits greatly from Carolyn’s findings.
D．Carolyn’s findings are of great significance.
55．What is the text?
A．A profile. B．A news report.
C．A journal. D．A book review.

Master Gardener Volunteers Wanted
Why Become a Master Gardener?
The Master Gardener program is an all-volunteer organization where you can develop your own leadership and teaching skills while teaching the younger youth about healthy eating, agriculture, and so on! Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural therapy (园艺疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production.
What Qualifications Must You Meet?
Anyone can apply to be a Master Gardener—you don’t need to be an expert or have a degree. You do, however, need to:
●Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management.
●Be willing to share horticulture information with others.
●Be willing to attend a training program and can devote time to volunteering and continuing education.
Besides, to become a Master Gardener volunteer, each applicant needs to complete an application, prepare background screening paperwork and schedule an interview with Extension staff.
What Does the Training Involve?
Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region. Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified. In order to remain a certified Master Gardener, 30 hours of volunteer work and 10 hours of continuing education or advanced training are required each year.
56．What does a Master Gardener do?
A．Help raise people’s quality of life by horticulture.
B．Teach the youth about diets and agriculture.
C．Promote horticultural practices at home.
D．Train volunteers to help with gardening.
57．What is required if you want to apply to be a Master Gardener?
A．Acquiring excellent teaching skills.
B．Having some relevant knowledge.
C．Completing given training sessions.
D．Obtaining rich volunteer experience.
58．How long will it take to become a qualified Master Gardener?
A．A year. B．Three months.
C．About 160 hours. D．About 120 hours.

The burning of coal may be falling out of favor as a means of generating heat and electricity, but that doesn’t mean it no longer has valuable uses. The team of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) is using coal for a new economy.
The project is led by Associate Professor Andrea Fratalocchi. While reading about challenges of ending the use of coal in power generation, Fratalocchi was struck by a novel possible use for coal. “Why don’t we use coal for seawater desalination (脱盐)?” Fratalocchi recalls, still excited. Capable of taking in sunlight, the black mineral adds to the list of substances in dark colors serving the purpose, which the team is on a long-standing hunt for.
Fralalocchi and his team began to explore the use of a material known as carbonized compressed powder (压缩粉末), also CCP, which is created by breaking coal into powder, and then pressing that powder back into a solid that has more tiny holes—it can also be made into a desired shape. The team mixed CCP with natural cotton fibers, producing a block which was then placed within a seawater-containing container, with its bottom touching water surface. While sunlight heated the black surface of the block, the inside fibers helped water flow in and through the block from the bottom. When that liquid water reached the hot surface, it turned into steam which rose and condensed (冷凝) on the inside of a specially shaped cover. That condensation then flew down the cover and was collected as fresh, drinkable water. The seawater’s salt content remained behind within the CCP. A simple wash was enough to remove most of it, so the material could be reused multiple times.
KAUST has partnered with the Dutch start-up PERA Complexity to promote the technology. The material will see its first use in a pilot plant in Brazil. “CCP is abundant in nature and reasonable to use, besides being lightweight and highly changeable,” says team member Marcella Bonifazi. “The device’s desalination rate per unit of raw material is two to three times higher than that of any other solar desalination system, but it produces fresh water at around one-third the expense of current state-of-the-art technologies.”
59．What has Fratalocchi’s team been seeking for?
A．Fibers functioning well with CCP.
B．Green ways to desalinate seawater.
C．New industrial applications of coal.
D．Dark-colored materials for desalination.
60．How did the seawater get into the CCP block?
A．Through the tiny holes. B．Through CCP.
C．Through cotton fibers. D．Through a special cover.
61．Which feature of CCP does Marcella Bonifazi stress?
A．Being eco-friendly. B．Being low-cost.
C．Being efficient. D．Being flexible.
62．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Drinkable water will be got from the sea.
B．CCP is expected to be in real-life use soon.
C．Coal finds new use in desalination technology.
D．Scientists have made a breakthrough in desalination.






















参考答案：
1．C
2．C
3．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文，属于招聘广告，介绍了国际组织WWF的宗旨和原则，列举了组织领导者所需要具备的特质，经验和能力。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Working with many others—from individuals and communities to business and government—WWF urgently seeks to protect and restore natural habitats, stop the mass extinction of wildlife, and make the way we produce and consume sustainable”（世界自然基金会与从个人和社区到企业和政府的许多人合作，迫切寻求保护和恢复自然栖息地，阻止野生动物的大规模灭绝，使得我们的生产和消费方式可持续发展。）可知，WWF的宗旨和ABD三个选项一一对应，选项C与文意不符，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四部分中“Is an inspiring and influential leader ”（是一位鼓舞人心的有影响力的领导者）及“Has the ability to skillfully influence externally through vision, effective communication, political strategies and networking”（有通过远见卓识、有效沟通、政治策略和人际网络对外施加影响的能力）可知，WWF需要一位能够激励人心的有远见卓识的交流者，故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“WWF seeks a new Director General to succeed the retiring incumbent(现任者)”（世界自然基金会物色新总干事接替即将卸任的现任总干事）可知，WWF正在寻求接替即将卸任的现任总干事的人选，可以推断，这是一篇招聘广告。故选B。
4．A
5．B
6．C

【导语】本篇是应用文，介绍了英国的四个美食节。
4．细节理解题。根据Scottish Wild Food Festival部分中“adult £16, child 5-13 £2, family £30(成人16英镑，5-13岁儿童2英镑，家庭30英镑)”可知，三人选择家庭套餐最优惠，30英镑。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据Ludlow Castle Food Festival部分中“Plus there are bands and poetry readings with food themes, too.(此外，还有以食物为主题的乐队和诗歌朗诵)”可知，在这里人们除了品尝美食之外还能够享受美食文化，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据Sheffield Food Festival部分中“Sheffield Food Festival (free) is held each June in the city centre.(谢菲尔德美食节（免费）每年6月在市中心举行)”和Bolton Food and Drink Festival部分中“Well, Bolton Food & Drink Festival (free) is a food lover’s dream.(博尔顿美食节（免费）是美食爱好者的梦想)”可知，两个美食节共同之处是不收门票费用，故选C。
7．A
8．C
9．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了辛辛那提市适合幼儿的活动以及相关内容。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bee Active offers gymnastics classes for children as young as 18 months old and focuses on flexibility, strength, coordination and basic gymnastics moves. Open recreation time is available in the gymnastics center, rock climbing wall and adventure zone.(Bee Active为18个月大的儿童提供体操课程，专注于灵活性、力量、协调性和基本体操动作。体操中心、攀岩墙和探险区提供开放式娱乐时间)”可知，Bee Active更有可能会使幼儿成为运动爱好者。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据第四段“Story times include reading a story and creating a piece of glass art that agrees with the stories theme.(故事时间包括阅读一个故事，创作一件符合故事主题的玻璃艺术品)”可知，在Brazee Street工作室，幼儿可以创作艺术品，培养动手能力。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“We put together a list of kid-friendly activities for toddlers in Cincinnati. Through sports, art, music, stories, or even just structured play, your child can begin learning at a very early age.(我们列出了辛辛那提市幼儿友好活动清单。通过体育、艺术、音乐、故事，甚至是有组织的游戏，你的孩子可以在很小的时候就开始学习)”可知，下文列举的活动会通过体育、艺术、音乐、故事，甚至是有组织的游戏来教幼儿，所以活动的共同点是它们都通过娱乐来教幼儿。故选B项。
10．D
11．C
12．A
13．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过观察企鹅的数量来观测气候变化。
10．细节理解题。根据首句“Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health.”（研究南极洲气候变化的科学家们在研究企鹅，努力更好了解该地区的环境健康状态）可知，目的是为了解当地的环境条件，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land.”（但是企鹅较之其他动物们易于跟踪的原因是因为他们居住在陆地上）和最后一句“Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.”（在该地区白色背景的映衬下，它们黑色的身体和排出的废物易于识别）可知，企鹅易于跟踪的原因是它们的定居习惯和体色，故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have gotten used to the changed conditions.”（随着沿半岛两边的海里的冰减少，巴布亚企鹅似乎已经习惯了改变了的环境条件）可知，这种企鹅的适应性强，故选A.
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing, they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge.”（他补充说不论何时研究人员看见海里的冰在减少或者消失时，他们也看见Adelie企鹅的数量暴跌）可知，这种企鹅受气候改变的影响，故选A。
14．C
15．B
16．A
17．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. (虚拟现实对记者来说是一个强大的工具。消费者不只是阅读或观看某些内容；他们正在体验它)”可知，VR被认为是新闻业的有力工具是因为人们可以亲自体验故事。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR, aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.(虚拟现实是一个可行性和可用性的问题。讲故事必须容易做到，而且必须能够随时接触到这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战。如果用VR讲故事的工具不容易掌握和学习，VR就会失败。如果VR技术既不是顶级的，又不是负担得起的，VR就会失败)”可知，VR面临的最大的问题就是人们是否可以非常容易地接触它。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.(就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式)”可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极态度。故选A。
17．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?(随着虚拟现实的兴起，人们对创造新媒体体验虚拟现实的兴趣也在增加。新闻是建立在相关性之上的媒体。记者应该一直寻找新的方式来讲述故事和传递内容。这是讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把一个人放在故事的中心更好的方法呢？)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。可知，D选项“虚拟现实是讲故事的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
18．B
19．C
20．A
21．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者一直很害怕在公开场合讲话，直到最近，当科学和科学机构在疫情期间因不公平的原因受到攻击时，作者决定必须大声疾呼，在地球日发表讲话。完成演讲这个里程碑式的目标改变了作者，让他明白激情可以激励我们去实现无法实现的目标。
18．词句猜测题。根据第一段倒第二句“During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting.”(在大学期间和我最初的几份工作中，当我不得不做报告或主持会议时，我会感到非常紧张。)可知，此处是指公开讲话是让“我”非常为难的事。所以nemesis意为“为难的事”。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.”(你可能会认为我会作为一个出色的演讲者离开这些经历，但似乎什么都不管用。)可知，离开Toastmasters后作者在公开演讲时仍然很腼腆。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out.”(直到最近，当科学和科学机构在疫情期间因不公平的原因受到攻击时，我才决定必须大声疾呼。)可知，作者无法忍受人们对科学的攻击，因此他想在地球日发表讲话。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible.”(快四十岁的时候，我明白了激情可以点燃我心中的火焰，让我去做我做梦都没想到的事情。)可知，作者从他成功的演讲中学到了激情可以激励我们去实现无法实现的目标。故选D。
22．C
23．A
24．D
25．C

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了日内瓦大学的助理教授Sami El-Boustani的实验室研究了动机在感知和决策中所起的作用。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Recently, the laboratory of Sami El-Boustani, an assistant professor at the University of Geneva, has studied the role played by motivation in perception (感知) and decision-making.”（最近，日内瓦大学助理教授Sami El-Boustani的实验室研究了动机在感知和决策中所起的作用。）和“We wanted to observe how sensory information sent by cortical neurons is changed by the degree of motivation and to what extent the latter can have an effect on learning and performance in a decision-making task”（我们想观察皮层神经元发出的感觉信息是如何被动机的程度所改变的，以及动机在多大程度上会对决策任务中的学习和表现产生影响）可知，该实验室主要研究动机是如何影响做决定的，故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“The research team developed a behavioral pattern involving mice in a controlled water consumption condition.”（该研究团队开发了一种行为模式，该模式涉及的是处于受控耗水条件下的小老鼠。）及最后一句“Finally, the researchers conducted these experiments at decreasing levels of thirst in order to vary the motivation of the mice to participate in the task.”（最终，研究者在降低口渴程度的情况下进行了这些实验，以改变小老鼠参加这项活动的动机。）可知，本段主要讲述了做这项实验的方法，通过老鼠在不同口渴的程度下参加此活动的动机，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In a state of great thirst, mice licked the spout randomly with great motivation. In a state of medium thirst, the choice of their action became ideal. They mainly licked the spout when whisker A was stimulated. Finally, when they were not very thirsty, their performance in the task dropped again.”（在极度口渴的情况下，老鼠以极大的动力随意地舔着壶嘴。在中等口渴的情况下，它们的行动选择变得理想。当鼠须A受到刺激时，它们主要舔壶嘴。最后，当它们不太口渴时，它们的表现在此下降。）可推知，老鼠在中等口渴的情况下，它们主要舔壶嘴，因此变现最佳，故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Researchers observed that mice understood the rule very quickly but could only express this learning much later, depending on a changed perception linked to their level of motivation. The research on the role of motivation in learning opens the way to new adaptive methods that aim to maintain the best level of motivation during learning.”（研究人员观察到，小鼠很快就理解了这一规则，但只能在很久之后才能表达这一学习，这取决于与它们的动机水平相关的感知变化。对学习动机作用的研究为新的适应性方法开辟了道路，旨在在学习过程中保持最佳的动机水平。）可知，此研究表明，为了保持学习中的最佳动机水平，可以去开辟新的适应方式，这需要灵活的方法，故选C。
26．C
27．D
28．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些有益于人们健康的植物。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s very easy to care for, thrives in spaces with low sunlight, has visual appeal, and cleans the air, and they are drought resistant if you forget to water them.”（这种植物很容易照顾，在阳光不那么充足的地方也会茂盛，有着迷人的外表，净化空气，如果你忘记给它们浇水，它们也抗旱）可知，Snake plants在阳光不是很充足的地方也能长得好，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Gardening and care for plants can help to turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions. So with all that, what do these experts recommend as the best plant?”（园艺和照顾植物可以帮助人们远离负面想法和负面情绪。那么，在所有的植物中专家们最推荐的是哪些呢？）可知，本文主要推荐了一些对人们健康有好处的植物，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据第六段首句“Lavender is well-known for its relaxing scent, and it has a calming effect, aids in reducing stress, promotes sleep.”（薰衣草因其令人放松的气味而闻名，它有镇静的效果，帮助减少压力，促进睡眠。）和第七段最后一句“It has properties which help to relieve stress and anxiety.”（它有缓解压力和焦虑的特性）以及最后一段最后一句“It has been used to improve sleep, reduce stress and anxiety, improve appetite, and help with indigestion.”（它被用来改善睡眠、减少压力和焦虑、提升胃口和帮助消化）可知，文章一共提到了三种可以帮助缓解压力的植物，故选B。
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述“逆向旅游”受年轻人青睐，前景看好。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“Going against the tide of flocking to well-known yet generally jam-packed tourist destinations on vacation, a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts to seek unique, relaxed holiday experiences.(在中国，越来越多的度假者倾向于把闲暇时间花在不太知名的度假胜地，以寻求独特、轻松的度假体验，这与人们在度假时蜂拥前往知名但普遍拥挤的旅游目的地的潮流相反)”可知，年轻人喜欢逆向旅游是因为他们想要享受放松的休息时间。故选C。
30．词句猜测题。根据画线部分前的“avoided popular holiday destinations(避开热门度假目的地)”可知，本句意为“在十一假期期间，大量度假者，尤其是渴望逃离繁忙城市生活的年轻职场人士，为了不走寻常路，享受一些闲适与宁静，而避开了热门度假目的地”，因此get off the beaten track意为“打破常规”。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations, which often involve pricey tickets, meals and hotel stays.(除了拥挤的人群之外，一些度假者选择人迹罕至的地方，是为了节省前往热门目的地的旅行费用，因为前往热门目的地的机票、餐饮和酒店住宿往往都很昂贵)”和第八段中“In addition, lesser-known attractions are not as ‘commercial’ and ‘standardized’ as developed ones and are able to offer more authentic experiences and natural encounters, according to social media posts.(此外，据社交媒体帖子称，不太知名的景点不像发达景点那样‘商业化’和‘标准化’，能够提供更真实的经历和自然体验)”以及倒数第三段中“COVID-19 is another key factor fueling reverse tourism.(COVID-19是推动逆向旅游的另一个关键因素)”和“Travelers have thus become more cautious and tend to choose local attractions or places with fewer tourists.(因此，旅行者变得更加谨慎，倾向于选择当地景点或游客较少的地方)”可知，“逆向旅游”受欢迎是由于游客想要节省费用，并且它可以让游客获得更好的体验，加之COVID-19让游客变得更加谨慎，D项“它已经变得商业化”不是其受欢迎的原因。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Jiang Han, a senior researcher at the Beijing-based public policy think tank Pangoal, said that reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market and is an opportunity for growth comparable to the camping economy.(位于北京的公共政策研究机构盘古智库的高级研究员江瀚说，逆向旅游将成为未来旅游市场的趋势之一，其发展机会可以与露营经济相媲美)”以及最后一段“To give a real boost to the tourism market, Jiang suggested that more efforts be made to tap the potential of underrated, lesser-known destinations.(为了真正提振旅游市场，江建议，要更加努力地挖掘那些被低估、不太为人所知的目的地的潜力)”可知，江认为逆向旅游将成为未来旅游市场的趋势之一，应该进一步发展知名度较低的度假村。故选C。
33．D
34．B
35．D
36．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了焦虑对学生考试产生的影响。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It is the pressure of revision.”（这就是复习的压力。）以及第三段中“What did predict it was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the earlier digital learning activities.”（真正能预测结果的是学生在模拟考试和早期数字学习活动中表现出的知识水平。）可知，根据这项研究，在复习中获得了较低水平的知识可以帮助预测一个学生在考试中的坏成绩。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“What did predict it was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the earlier digital learning activities.”（真正能预测结果的是学生在模拟考试和早期数字学习活动中表现出的知识水平。）可知，学生的考试成绩可以根据他在模拟考试中展示的知识水平来预测。故选B项。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam the lower his or her knowledge gain was during that period, leaving that student with less helpful material in mind during the exam itself.”（学生在考试前几天越焦虑，他或她在这段时间获得的知识就越少，在考试期间，学生脑海中有用的材料就越少。）可知，讲的是考试前几天越焦虑就越阻碍知识的获得，故可猜测划线单词hampered为“阻碍，阻塞”的意思，结合选项D项blocked “阻塞”意思一致。故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“First they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can weaken the significance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation.”（首先，他们可以通过提醒自己知道多少来提高对自己能力的信心。其次，他们可以通过提醒自己，虽然这很重要，但这不是一个生死攸关的情况，来削弱测试的重要性。）可知，学生们对自己的能力更有信心可以减轻考试焦虑。故选A项。
37．A
38．B
39．D
40．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
37．词句猜测题。根据下文““In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography.”(“一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，”道格说。“当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。”)”可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。由此可推知，“hit rock bottom”表示“处于最坏的情况”。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic.(它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。)”可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue.(尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。“我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，”道格说。)”可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “ In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house, ” says Doogue. “ When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography. ”(34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。“一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，”道格说。“当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。”)”及第三段中的“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
41．C
42．D
43．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是三本杂志的相关信息。
41．推理判断题。根据Internet Genealogy部分的“Internet Genealogy (族谱) is your guide to successful genealogy research using the World Wide Web.(Internet Genealogy是您的指南，是运用互联网的成功的家谱研究)”可知，Internet Genealogy针对的是对家谱研究感兴趣的人。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据Your Genealogy Today部分的“$17. 95 Digital 1 year(6 issues)(数码$17.95美元1年（6期）)”可知，买Your Genealogy Today的数码版两年需要的钱是$17. 95*2=35.9。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据History Magazine部分的“History Magazine breathes life into stories of the past, telling tales of both critical moments and everyday life with passion and spirit.(History Magazine杂志为过去的故事注入生命，以激情和精神讲述关键时刻和日常生活的故事)”可知，前世的故事可以收录在History Magazine杂志中。故选B。
44．B
45．A
46．C
47．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个气候现象“美国部分地区极端冬季天气的增加与北极加速变暖有关”。北极冰层融化和气温上升会扰乱北极涡旋，使冷空气不再被锁在北极，而是向南移动，这一发现将帮助人们理解全球变暖是复杂的，也许可以让人们放弃冬天更冷意味着气候变化没有发生的想法。
44．主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段末尾句“Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year.(科学家们认为，今年2月，这个漩涡的拉伸过程导致了德克萨斯州致命的寒潮。)”为结论句，即，该段用演绎法讲述了德克萨斯州寒潮的形成。故选B项。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The polar vortex over the Arctic usually locks in cold air at the poles and does not easily move south. (北极上空的极地涡旋通常锁定在两极的冷空气，不容易向南移动。)”可知，北极上空的极地漩涡通常锁定冷空气，阻碍其移动，即，防止冷空气逃离。故选A项。
46．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“‘In the past, these cold extremes over the US and Russia have been used to justify not reducing carbon, but there’s no longer any excuse not to start reducing emissions right away,’ said Dr. Cohen.(科恩博士说：“过去，美国和俄罗斯上空的这些极端寒冷天气被用来作为不减少碳排放的理由，但现在没有任何借口不立即开始减少排放。”)”可知，现在应该立即开始减少排放碳，由此可推知，减少碳排量是当务之急。故选C项。
47．推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“A new study shows that increases in extreme winter weather in parts of the US are linked to quickened warming of the Arctic.(一项新的研究表明，美国部分地区极端冬季天气的增加与北极加速变暖有关。)”提出了一个气候现象“美国部分地区极端冬季天气的增加与北极加速变暖有关”，并在后文段落讲述了其原因和科学家的研究，因此，文章主要讲述的是环境方面的问题，由此可推知，可以在网站的环境专栏看到此篇文章。故选D项。
48．B
49．D
50．A
51．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是因为雨季的推迟导致了竹子的生长周期和狐猴的饮食需求不同步，所研究人员主张通过与当地人的合作进而增强人们积极性的方式来给狐猴提供可供食用的竹子，从而更好地保护狐猴。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February—14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”(Stony Brook University的灵长类动物学家、人类学家和自然资源保护主义者Patricia Chapple Wright说，在过去的两年里，雨季推迟了三个月，狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现在1月和2月，也就是第一场降雨后的14天。Patricia Chapple Wright在接受PBS新闻一小时节目采访时表示：“狐猴的食物来源非常适应。”“它能够忍受气候变化，但不幸的是，狐猴不能迅速适应这种变化的周期。”)”可以推断在过去的两年里，雨季推迟了三个月，所以狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现的时间就比以往晚了，这就导致嫩芽的出现和狐猴需要食物的时间对不上了，所划线部分的意思是竹子的生长周期和狐猴的饮食需求是不同步的。故选B项。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas’ teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.(狐猴高度特殊化的牙齿也与熊猫的牙齿相似。这两种哺乳动物都能咀嚼树干。但这种饮食方式不能持续超过一两个季节，因为茎会磨损它们的牙齿。)”可知因为狐猴的牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆，而干旱持久意味着这种供应时间会变长，所以如果旱季持续的话狐猴会因为牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆而挨饿。故选D项。
50．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.(研究人员认为气候变化正在影响狐猴。化石记录显示狐猴曾经生活在整个岛屿。如今，这些哺乳动物被逼到了东部，那里目前的旱季最短。如果人们继续在该地区砍伐森林，狐猴将无处可去。)”可知因为气候变化所以狐猴被迫到了岛屿的东部地区，所以影响狐猴生长区域变窄的主要原因是气候的变化。故选A项。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested.(他们想和当地村民一起种植更多的竹子，并在旱季持续很久时管理自动浇水系统。他们还想通过允许人们收割一部分竹子，而剩下的留给狐猴，来发展当地的经济，这样人们就会感兴趣。)”可以推断Wright希望通过与当地人的合作即允许当地人种植竹林，提供自动供水系统，发展经济让竹子变成经济作物以调动当地人积极性等来给狐猴提供可供食用的竹子，所以Wright赞成通过增强人们的积极性来保护狐猴。故选C项。
52．C
53．A
54．D
55．B

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学化学家Carolyn R. Bertozzi在化学方面的成就以及其受教育情况。
52．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“At 1:43 a.m. October 5, 2022, Stanford chemist Carolyn R. Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, a retired physics professor from MIT.(凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福大学化学家Carolyn R. Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。”贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退休物理学教授。)可知电话时间、内容与来电者都可以激发读者兴趣。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Carolyn Bertozzi, born October 10, 1966, Boston, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her development of bioorthogonal reactions, which allow scientists to explore cells and track biological processes without disturbing the normal chemistry of the cell.( Carolyn Bertozz，1966年10月10日出生于波士顿，因其生物正交反应的发展而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。生物正交反应使科学家能够在不干扰细胞正常化学反应的情况下探索细胞并跟踪生物过程。)”以及文章第三段“Carolyn received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1993 to 1995. She became an assistant professor at Berkeley in 1996 and a full professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology in 2002. She also held an appointment as a professor of molecular and cellular pharmacology from 2000 to 2002 at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2015 she became a professor of chemistry at Stanford University.( Carolyn 1988年获得哈佛大学化学学士学位，1993年获得加州大学伯克利分校化学博士学位。1993年至1995年，她在加州大学旧金山分校做博士后。1996年，她成为伯克利大学的助理教授，2002年成为化学、分子和细胞生物学的正教授。2000年至2002年，她还在加州大学旧金山分校担任分子和细胞药理学教授。2015年，她成为斯坦福大学的化学教授。)”可知文章第二段主要介绍了Carolyn在化学方面的贡献，第三段主要介绍了她的教育与学历的情况，所以从文章的二三段中我们可以了解到Carolyn的有关教育和成功的情况。故选A项。
54．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Carolyn invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain a deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Her work has had remarkable real-world impact, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat disease. Carolyn is so deserving of this honor, and all of us at Stanford are too proud to call her one of our own.”(“在开创生物正交化学领域时，Carolyn发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法，这种方法帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解。她的工作产生了显著的现实影响，为治疗疾病提供了新的诊断和治疗方法。Carolyn是当之无愧的，我们斯坦福的所有人都为她感到骄傲，以至于称她为自己人。”)”可知Carolyn的发现帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解，为治疗疾病提供了新的诊断和治疗方法，所以从Marc Tessier-Lavigne的话中我们可以推出Carolyn的发现意义重大。故选D项。
55．推理判断题。文章第一段“At 1:43 a.m. October 5, 2022, Stanford chemist Carolyn R. Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, a retired physics professor from MIT.(凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福大学化学家Carolyn R. Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。”贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退休物理学教授。)”总的概括全文内容，文章二、三段主要介绍的是Carolyn的化学成就以及其受教育的情况，文章最后两段主要介绍Carolyn发现的重大意义以及具体应用，由此可见，文章主要介绍了Carolyn获得诺贝尔化学奖这一事件的始末及其后续影响，因此为新闻报道。故选B项。
56．A
57．B
58．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一篇园艺大师志愿者的招聘广告。
56．细节理解题。由第一段“Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural therapy (园艺疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production.(园艺大师通过帮助人们找到家庭和城市自然资源的合理管理方法，通过人与植物的互动和园艺治疗创造令人愉悦的环境，通过家庭水果和蔬菜生产促进安全、丰富的食物供应，使人们参与活动，以改善他们的总体福祉和全面的生活享受。)”可知，园艺大师通过园艺疗法帮助提高人们的生活质量，故选A。
57．细节理解题。根据What Qualifications Must You Meet?部分的“Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management.(对园艺或景观管理有一定经验或略知一二。)”可知，如果你想申请成为园艺大师，需要有一定的相关知识。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified.(大约需要60小时的课堂教学和实地研究以及60小时的志愿者实习工作才能完成该项目并获得认证。)”可知，成为一名合格的园艺师需要的时间是60h+60h=120h，故选D。
59．D
60．C
61．B
62．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是阿卜杜拉国王科技大学(KAUST)的团队正在探索将煤用来淡化海水这一新用途。
59．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Capable of taking in sunlight, the black mineral adds to the list of substances in dark colors serving the purpose, which the team is on a long-standing hunt for.(这种黑色矿物具有吸收阳光的能力，是该团队长期以来一直在寻找的具有吸收阳光功能的深色物质的又一项)”可知，团队一直在寻找一种深黑色并且能脱盐的材料。故选D。
60．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The team mixed CCP with natural cotton fibers, producing a block which was then placed within a seawater-containing container, with its bottom touching water surface. While sunlight heated the black surface of the block, the inside fibers helped water flow in and through the block from the bottom. (该团队将CCP与天然棉纤维混合，制成一块块，然后放置在一个含有海水的容器中，其底部接触水面。当阳光加热块的黑色表面时，内部纤维帮助水从底部流入并穿过块状物)”可知，海水需要经过一个特别的纤维材料过滤，进入容器。故选C。
61．推理判断题。根据第四段的““CCP is abundant in nature and reasonable to use, besides being lightweight and highly changeable,” says team member Marcella Bonifazi. “The device’s desalination rate per unit of raw material is two to three times higher than that of any other solar desalination system, but it produces fresh water at around one-third the expense of current state-of-the-art technologies.”(“CCP的性质丰富，使用合理，除了轻量级和高度多变，”团队成员Marcella Bonifazi说。“该装置每单位原料的脱盐率比任何其他太阳能脱盐系统高两到三倍，但它生产淡水的成本约为目前最先进技术的三分之一。”)”可知，材料在自然可以轻易获取，但是成本是现有方法的三分之一，可见强调的是低成本。故选B。
62．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The team of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) is using coal for a new economy.(阿卜杜拉国王科技大学(KAUST)的团队正在将煤炭用于一种新经济)”和第二段的“Why don’t we use coal for seawater desalination (脱盐)?(我们为什么不用煤来淡化海水呢？)”可知，本文主要讲的是阿卜杜拉国王科技大学(KAUST)的团队正在探索将煤用来淡化海水这一新用途，也就是“煤在海水淡化技术中找到了新用途”，即Coal finds new use in desalination technology。故选C。