高考英语单项选择专项训练

这是一份高考英语单项选择专项训练，共22页。
单项选择
1．Some parents have unrealistic ________ of their children, which have raised many problems among students.
A．expectations B．preparations
C．cooperation D．inspiration
2．This story ________for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.
A．brought out B．came to life
C．set in motion D．set off
3．During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish ________ by people.
A．feed B．feeding C．fed D．being fed
4．There is little chance that we will succeed; ________, it is important that we try.
A．therefore B．relatively C．nevertheless D．similarly
5．I had never imagined that the atmosphere at a sports event could be so________.
A．excited B．intense C．delighted D．diverse
6．Since his first opera, Nine Songs, Tan Dun ________ a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories.
A．used B．has been using
C．had used D．is using
7．Stephen Curry is living proof that ________ other people think of you doesn’t have to influence what you become.
A．where B．how C．which D．what
8．She is only too aware that ________ a team steps off the victory podium, they need to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead.
A．as far as B．as if C．as though D．as soon as
9．________for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.
A．Selected B．To select
C．Having selected D．Selecting
10．When this book was________ published, the book became an immediate best-seller.
A．originally B．eventually
C．gently D．literally
11．People sit on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines,________have been read many times.
A．all of them B．all of which
C．them of all D．which of all
12．Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by________a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.
A．attaching B．sharpening
C．persevering D．intoxicating
13．We regret ________ you that the position of vice-president has been taken.
A．to inform B．informing
C．informed D．having informed
14．The writer eagerly opens and reads the response letter, their hearts________when they reach that final sentence.
A．sink B．sinking C．sunk D．sank
15．—Look. Here’s a quiz on events of the twentieth century.
—Oh, ________. I’m good at history.
A．you’ve got me there
B．I appreciate that
C．let me give it a try
D．it’s right under my nose
16．Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are ________ pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.
A．responsible for B．particular about C．beneficial to D．consistent with
17．---There’s a factory outside town that’s pumping chemicals into the river.
---How can they do that? Isn’t it________ the law?
A．under B．beyond C．over D．against
18．—What is your mother doing, Linda?
—She ________ dinner in the kitchen now.
A．is cooking B．was cooking C．cook D．cooking
19．—Dad, what is the loudspeaker (喇叭) saying?
—It is to the ________. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A．customers B．tourists C．members D．passengers
20．The artist is so ________ that he can make different pictures with sand.
A．common B．careless C．creative D．helpful
21．Love your parents ________ they are alive. Don’t wait until it is too late.
A．while B．though C．because D．unless
22．In the UK, when having dinner with your friends, you have to wait until everyone else ________ before you start eating.
A．has served B．is being served C．had been served D．has been served
23．________ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.
A．It B．That C．What D．As
24．Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A．prepare B．prepares
C．is preparing D．are preparing
25．The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A．cancels B．will cancel
C．has cancelled D．had cancelled
26．Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A．distribute B．distributed
C．are distributed D．were distributed
27．—I worked on your car the whole night. How is it running?
— It is running great! _____________. You were such a big help!
A．It’s a pity B．I couldn’t agree more
C．Forget it D．I can hardly thank you enough
28．When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight
29．Every child has been made the risks involved in some after-school activities.
A．being aware of
B．to be aware of
C．aware that
D．aware of
30．If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A．highlight B．identify C．ignore D．prevent
31．The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.
A．allowing B．being allowed
C．having allowed D．having been allowed
32．________ gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally.
A．Although B．Once C．Since D．Unless
33．Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi have entered the election contest for World Player of the Year. Who are you________ ?
A．in charge of B．in favor of C．in honor of D．in memory of
34．________ family members with roast turkey and pumpkin pies at home on Thanksgiving Day is a tradition for Americans.
A．Entertain B．Entertaining C．Entertained D．Entertainment
35．Wetlands in China have expanded________ over the past five years, growing by 202,600 hectares and making a significant contribution to water quality and environmental protection.
A．slightly B．permanently C．steadily D．instantly
36．In college, Spring Break is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bring about ________, free time and friends.
A．examination B．investigation C．relaxation D．promotion
37．Before he was nominated “Young Australian of the Year” award, Nick Vujicic, a disabled young man without limbs (四肢),________ a lot of young people to face their lives bravely and make a difference to the society.
A．motivates B．has motivated C．was motivating D．had motivated
38．Sam decided to________ and work in the family company as a manager, and live a busy but happy life. He was so proud of it!
A．tighten his belt B．think on his feet
C．stand in his father’s shoes D．follow in his father’s footsteps
39．Zhi Huijun was one of the most________ young men in Huawei, who creatively invented mechanical arms that can sew grapes and driverless bikes that can avoid obstacles automatically.
A．devoted B．innovative C．enthusiastic D．mature
40．Hundreds of delighted students________ to welcome him who had raised money to build a well for them near their school.
A．worked out B．dropped out C．given out D．turned out
41．My book, Letters from Father Christmas is missing. Who ________ have taken it?
A．must B．could C．should D．need
42．Longji Terraces mean a lot to local people, ________ think that traditions hold much value.
A．which B．where C．who D．what
43．—Would you mind ifl borrow your underwater camera for a diving trip to Florida?
—________ But please be careful with it.
A．You’re kidding me. B．Sure, that’s fine.
C．It’s a piece of cake. D．Actually, I care.
44．To raise the level of educational attainment, our country will ensure universal________ to preschool education focused on public and non-profit kindergartens.
A．solution B．access C．path D．entrance
45．Such an________ act like driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs should not be treated lightly.
A．illegal B．irregular C．insecure D．unpopular
46．________ as mayor of Dorset, Minnesota, USA, 3-year-old James, the youngest mayor in American history, took an active part in charitable causes.
A．Elected B．Electing C．To elect D．To be elected
47．By now, the miners________ gold with tools for approximately five years continuously, but in vain.
A．are detecting B．will be detecting
C．have been detecting D．have been detected
48．Two pandas from China arrived at a zoo in April 2017, the only place ________ it is possible for people to see pandas.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
49．— Mike seems to be doing nothing while we are so busy. Can anybody have a talk with him?
— It won’t work. ________. He only listens to Mr. Smith, our boss.
A．Well begun, half done
B．He had a frog in his throat
C．When the cats are away, the mice will play
D．We shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater
50．If somebody is rushing into something and should wait and be patient, you could say “________. ”
A．Hold your horses B．Kill two birds with one stone
C．Embrace the change D．You are what you eat
51．The measures were effective and in June 2015, The Tibetan antelope was ________ from the endangered species list.
A．stopped B．protected C．prevented D．removed
52．The weather here is very changeable. A bright sky in the morning is not a(n)______of fine weather during the rest of the day.
A．outcome B．option C．permission D．guarantee
53．_______I experienced that day has become one of the most unforgettable memories.
A．When B．That C．Whether D．What
54．I’d love to spend more time with my family, but my new job ________ I am busy all day long always disappoints my expectations.
A．to which B．by which C．for which D．with which
55．Do you know the traditional English meal, lunch generally being lighter, is based on ________, simply cooked food?
A．reliable B．plain C．identical D．considerable
56．Dialects in China have hit a bump in the road because mandarin is encouraged in daily life. In particular, ________ number of people speaking ________ Shanghai dialect is decreasing.
A．a ... / B．the ... the C．the ... / D．a ... the
57．Only then ________what she meant.
A．did I understand B．do I understand C．I understood D．had I understood
58．The local government set up a ________ to protect the endangered species.
A．herd B．extinction C．reserve D．harmony
59．My parents ________ me day and night while I was in hospital.
A．made progress B．watched over C．reminded of D．made out
60．It’s acknowledged that how speakers of different languages think differently, and we all believe there is such a beautiful variety of language which reveals how ________ the human mind is.
A．brilliant and flexible B．efficient and imaginable
C．significant and knowledgeable D．resonant and unbelievable
61．After staying in hospital for long, the patient was advised to go to the seaside to ______ her health.
A．take up B．pick up C．hold up D．make up
62．If you’re talking to others, be present and give them your full________.
A．focus B．stare C．attention D．gaze
63．The farm ________ I visited last year is beautiful.
A．who B．where C．whose D．which
64．Fortunately, somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department ______ the fire broke out.
A．hurriedly B．quickly C．instantly D．shortly
65．It can be understandable that some car owners would rather take the subway as metros have ________ of the trouble of traffic jam.
A．nothing B．some C．neither D．none
66．With these words ________ in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.
A．fading B．ringing C．swimming D．hanging
67．A study shows the speed ________ temperatures change will continue to increase over the next several decades.
A．in that B．at that C．at which D．in which
68．Children are taught to respect everyone, ______ race, gender or age.
A．in terms of B．as for C．regardless of D．in place of
69．–I still remember the year ________ we got together to celebrate the anniversary.
A．which B．that C．when D．in that
70．The church ________ the 13th century.
A．is dating from B．is dated from C．dates back to D．is dated back to
71．—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry，but then I ________ to Beijing. How about five?
A．will be flying B．will have flown C．will fly D．will be flown
72．David came in and offered him a cigarette, but he ______, saying he had quit it.
A．prevented B．declined C．failed D．regretted
73．The virus came without people’s being aware of it and it was ______assumed to be a common one. But with more cases reported, it turned out to be wrong.
A．fortunately B．hopefully C．initially D．finally
74．One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high--rise is that you can get a good ______.
A．scenery B．scene C．view D．look
75．Along the River During the Qingming Festival is one of the most influential works because it offers an ______into life in China in the 12th century.
A．inspiration B．inspection C．innovation D．insight
76．The car salesman took the customer for a drive in the new model in order to ______ its improved features.
A．advocate B．demonstrate C．exhibit D．reveal
77．I admired the painting, and Ed said he would like me to have ______ as a gift from him.
A．one B．it C．this D．some
78．Make sure the gas is turned off after cooking, which would ______cause danger to our life.
A．somehow B．meanwhile C．otherwise D．likewise
79．Professor Smith, many students want to see you. ______ they wait here or stay outside?
A．Do B．Shall C．Will D．Would
80．Not knowing much of the world yet, simple-minded teenagers are easily ________.
A．left behind B．picked up C．taken in D．set off

















参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些家长对自己的孩子抱有不切实际的期待，这引发了学生们之间的很多问题。A. expectations期待；B. preparations准备；C. cooperation合作；D. inspiration灵感。结合常识可知，父母对孩子抱有的是期待，有时不仅会引发学生之间的矛盾，还会引发父母与孩子之间的矛盾。故选A项。
2．B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当霍夫曼在乌镇看到那里人们的生活方式时，这个故事变得非常生动了。A. brought out出版、生产；B. came to life变得生动、醒来；C. set in motion开动、发动；D. set off出发、启程。结合句子主语This story（这个故事）可知，空处填的谓语动词需要阐述主语的状态，B项“变得生动、鲜活”符合句意，表示“故事变得生动”。故选B项。
3．D
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我在镇上散步和逗留期间，看到人们在喂鱼。固定用法see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，故空处动词需要用到doing的形式；see + 宾语+宾补，其中宾语为fish，与动词feed为动宾关系，故需要用到被动语态be done；综上，空处应填being done表示“正在被”。故选D项。
4．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们成功的可能性很小；然而，重要的是我们要去尝试。A. therefore因此；B. relatively相对地；C. nevertheless然而；D. similarly相似地。根据“There is little chance that we will succeed;”可知，虽然成功的可能性很小，但仍然要去尝试，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折副词nevertheless。故选C。
5．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未想过体育赛事的气氛会如此紧张。A. excited激动的，兴奋的；B. intense紧张的，激烈的；C. delighted高兴的；D. divers多样的，不同的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为形容词作表语，结合句意，intense意为“紧张的，激烈的”符合句意。故选B项。
6．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从他的第一部歌剧《九歌》开始，谭盾就一直结合中国音乐和世界各地的声音来讲述故事。根据题干中Since时态标志词可知，空处需要用到现在完成时或现在完成进行时态；结合句意，强调“一直”即延续性，需要用到进行时态；综上，需要用现在完成进行时。故选B项。
7．D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：别人对你有什么看法并不会影响你成为什么样的人，斯蒂芬·库里就是活生生的例子。分析句子成分，that引导同位语从句，解释主句表语living proof（活生生的例子），从句中缺少think后的宾语，故空处需要填连接代词，排除A项和B项；which表示“哪一个”，what表示“什么”，符合语法和意义。故选D项。
8．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她很清楚，当一个团队从领奖台走下来，她们就需要从零开始，为未来的新挑战做准备。A. as far as和……一样远、就……而言；B. as if好像；C. as though仿佛、好像；D. as soon as一……就……。D项as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意，引导时间状语从句。故选D项。
9．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬2009年入选NBA，加盟金州勇士队。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词短语作状语，select与其逻辑主语Stephen之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选A项。
10．B
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他的书最终被发表后，立马就成为了畅销书。A. originally最初、起初；B. eventually最终、终于；C. gently轻轻地、温柔地；D. literally字面意义上、逐字地。空处副词用于修饰谓语was published；结合空后became an immediate best-seller“马上成为了畅销书”，空处用B项“最终”构成语意的反差感，符合句意。故选B项。
11．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志，所有这些都被读了很多遍。分析句子可知，本句的主句是People sit on plastic chairs，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词magazines指物，结合从句句意“所有这些杂志都被读了很多遍”，故用名词+介词+关系代词（all of which）引导该从句。故选B项。
12．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬的祖父通过将一块塑料绑到电话线杆上制做了一个简单的篮子。A. attaching系上，缠着，重视；B. sharpening变得锋利，加强；C. persevering坚持；D. intoxicating使醉。结合选项和此空位于介词by后可知，此处应填动名词，attach…to…意为“把……系到……上”符合句意。故选A项。
13．A
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们遗憾地通知你副总裁一职已有人担任。regret to do表示对即将要做的事情表示遗憾，同时不定式to do也可以表示一次性的动作；regret doing表示对已经做过的事情表示后悔。结合句意可知，通知之前当事人并不知道这个消息，故需要用to do表将来。故选A项。
14．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：写信人急切地打开并阅读回信，当读到最后一句话时，他们的心沉了下来。分析句子结构可知，本句为独立主格结构。逻辑主语 their hearts与sink之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故选B。
15．C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——看。这里有一个关于二十世纪事件的小测验。——哦，让我试试。我擅长历史。根据下文语境“I’m good at history.”可知，擅长历史的一方想试试这个关于历史的小测验，此处为句子let me give it a try“让我试一试”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
16．A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们大多数人会认为城市发展和气候变化是导致动物离开自然栖息地的原因。A. be responsible for对……负责；B.be particular about特别注意；C.be beneficial to对……有益；D. be consistent with保持一致。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语be responsible for“对……负责”，满足句意要求。
17．D
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：——城外有一家工厂正在向河里排放化学药品。——他们怎么能那样做呢？这不是违法的吗？A. under在……之下；B. beyond超过；C. over在……上面；D. against对抗，违反。根据句意可知，此处为介词against“违背，对抗”，agaist the law“违法”满足句意要求。故选D项。
18．A
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：——琳达，你妈妈在干什么? ——她现在在厨房里做晚饭。结合句中“now”可知，动作正在发生，所以用现在进行时；主要she为第三人称单数，结合选项，故选A。
19．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——爸爸，扩音器在说什么？——是给乘客的。飞往武汉的航班现在开始登机。A. customers顾客；B. tourists游客；C. members会员；D. passengers乘客。分析句子，根据后文“飞往武汉的航班现在开始登机”可知，扬声器是对“乘客”所播报的内容，用passenger。故选D。
20．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位艺术家很有创造力，他能用沙子画出不同的画。A. common普通的，常见的；B. careless粗心的；C. creative有创造力的；D. helpful有益的。分析句子，设空处使用形容作表语，此处表示“有创造力的”用creative符合句意。故选C。
21．A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：趁父母还活着的时候爱他们。不要等到为时已晚。A. while当……时候；B. though尽管；C. because因为；D. unless除非。分析句子，此处引导的是时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用while。故选A。
22．D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在英国，当你和你的朋友共进晚餐时，你必须等到所有人都就坐后才开始吃饭。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，句中指你必须等到所有人都就坐后才开始吃饭，强调“所有人都就坐”的动作已经完成，应用现在完成时，“everyone else”意为“所有人”，于“serve”为被动关系，故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，“everyone else”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D项。
23．C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，没有选择范围，故应用“what”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故选C项。
24．B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
25．D
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
26．D
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。
27．D
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我整晚都在你的车上工作。它是如何运行的？
——运行良好！太感谢您了。你真是帮了个大忙！A. It’s a pity太可惜啦；B. I couldn’t agree more我非常同意；C. Forget it 算了吧，休想；D. I can hardly thank you enough太感谢您了。根据It is running great!可知，此处向对方表示感谢，I can hardly thank you enough.意为“太感谢您了”，符合语境。故选D项。
28．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。
29．D
【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：每个孩子都已经意识到一些课外活动会涉及危险。固定搭配make sb. aware of (使某人意识到)，后接名词（短语），该句是被动语态，在被动句中形容词短语aware of做主语补足语。故选D项。
30．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。
31．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。
32．A
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然园艺有可能是艰难的体力工作，但是对于那些热爱园艺的人来讲，它却是脑力上的放松。A. Although尽管；B. Once一……就……；C. Since自从；D. Unless除非。由语意可知，“园艺是项艰难的体力工作”与“对于热爱园艺的人而言，园艺工作是脑力上的放松”之间是让步关系，所以此处应用连词although表让步。故选A项。
33．B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多和利昂内尔·梅西参加了世界足球先生的竞选。你支持谁？A. in charge of负责、主管；B. in favor of支持、赞同；C. in honor of向……表示敬意；D. in memory of为了纪念。根据Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi have entered the election contest for World Player of the Year.可知，此处询问“支持谁”，用in favor of。故选B项。
34．B
【详解】考查动名词。句意：感恩节那天在家用烤火鸡和南瓜派招待家人是美国人的一项传统。分析可知，“________ family members with roast turkey and pumpkin pies at home on Thanksgiving Day”为句子中的主语，需要用动名词作主语。故选B项。
35．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：近5年来，中国湿地面积稳步扩大，新增湿地面积20.26万公顷，为改善水质、保护环境作出了重要贡献。A. slightly略微，稍微；B. permanently永久地；C. steadily逐渐地，稳定地；D. instantly立即，马上。根据时间状语“over the past five years”以及后文的数字“growing by 202,600 hectares”可推知，湿地在逐步稳定扩大面积。故选C项。
36．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学里，寒假通常与海滩、派对和不眠之夜联系在一起，带来放松、自由时间和朋友。A. examination考试； B. investigation调查；C.   relaxation放松； D. promotion促进；提升。结合句中“Spring Break”可知，休假往往会带给人们放松，故选C。
37．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在被提名“年度澳大利亚青年”奖之前，Nick Vujicic，一个没有四肢的残疾年轻人，激励了很多年轻人勇敢地面对他们的生活，对社会有所贡献。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语部分，根据“Before he was nominated”可知，Nick Vujicic在被提名前已经激励了很多年轻人，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选D项。
38．D
【详解】考查动词固定短语词义辨析。句意：Sam决定追随父亲的脚步，在家族企业里当经理，过着忙碌而快乐的生活。他为此感到非常自豪！A. tighten his belt勒紧腰带过日子；B. think on his feet头脑反应很快；C. stand in his father’s shoes站在他父亲的立场上；D. follow in his father’s footsteps追随他父亲的脚步。根据后文“work in the family company as a manager”可知，他决定追随父亲的脚步。故选D项。
39．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：稚晖君是华为最具创新精神的年轻人之一，他创造性地发明了可以缝葡萄的机械臂和可以自动避障的无人驾驶自行车。A. devoted全心全意的；B. innovative创新的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“who creatively invented mechanical arms that can sew grapes and driverless bikes that can avoid obstacles automatically.”可知，是最具创新精神的。故选B项。
40．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。 句意：数百名高兴的学生出来欢迎他，他们已经筹集到了资金，为他们在学校附近建造了一口井。A. worked out锻炼；B. dropped out辍学；C. given out分发；D. turned out走出来。根据空后“to welcome him”可知，此出处指学生高兴地出来欢迎他。故选D。
41．B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我的书《圣诞老人的来信》不见了。谁可能拿走它呢？根据上文“My book, Letters from Father Christmas is missing”可知，我的书不见了，所以此处应该是谁可能拿走它了，即用could表示“可能”。故选B。
42．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：龙脊梯田对当地人来说意义重大，他们认为传统很有价值。分析句子成分可知，空前local people为先行词，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词who代指local people在从句中作主语。故选C项。
43．B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意我借你的水下摄影机去佛罗里达潜水吗？——行，没问题。但请小心点。A. You’re kidding me.你在开玩笑；B. Sure, that’s fine.行，没问题；C. It’s a piece of cake.小菜一碟；D. Actually, I care.事实上，我在意。结合空后的回答可以看出，回答者对请求是同意的。故选B。
44．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提高教育水平，我国将确保以公立和非营利性幼儿园为重点的学前教育普及。A. solution解决；B. access通路，入径，机会；C. path小路；D. entrance入口。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语， 需要名词表示“普及；机会”，access符合句意。故选B项。
45．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像酒后或服用毒品后驾车这样的违法行为不应被轻视。A. illegal不合法的；B. irregular不规则的；C. insecure不安全的；D. unpopular不受欢迎的。根据空后“driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs”可知，这是违法行为。故选A。
46．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：3岁的詹姆斯当选美国明尼苏达州多塞特市长，是美国历史上最年轻的市长，他积极参与慈善事业。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词took，所以空处用非谓语动词。句子主语3-year-old James与动词elect为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选A。
47．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到现在为止，矿工们在将近五年的时间里持续不断地用工具探测黄金，但是却一无所获。A. are detecting正在探测（现在进行时）；B. will be detecting将来一直在探测（将来进行时）；C. have been detecting已经并一直在探测中（现在完成进行时）；D. have been detected已经被探测（现在完成时的被动语态）。结合句意，且根据时间状语By now和副词continuously可知，空格处应用现在完成进行时,表示从过去到现在持续进行的主动动作,故选C项。
48．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：两只中国大熊猫于2017年四月到达一个动物园，这是唯一一个人们能看到熊猫的地方。分析句子成分，空前the only place为先行词，定语从句中缺少状语，故空处需要填关系副词where表地点。故选A项。
49．C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们这么忙的时候，迈克似乎什么也没做。有人能和他谈谈吗?——没用的。老虎不在家，猴子称霸王。他只听我们老板史密斯先生的话。A. Well begun, half done好的开始是成功的一半；B. He had a frog in his throat （因喉咙痛）说话困难；C. When the cats are away, the mice will play老虎不在家，猴子称霸王； D. We shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater我们不应该做事不分轻重。根据句中“He only listens to Mr. Smith, our boss.”可知，他只听老板的话，可推知老板此刻不在，所以他放纵自己。选项C符合题意，故选C。
50．A
【详解】考查谚语。句意：如果有人急于做某件事，应该耐心等待，你可以说: 别着急。A. Hold your horses别着急； B. Kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟； C. Embrace the change接受改变； D. You are what you eat人如其食。结合句中“somebody is rushing into something and should wait and be patient”可知，此处应用“别着急”，故选A。
51．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些措施已经生效，并在2015年6月，藏羚羊被从濒危物种名单中删除。A. stopped阻止，停止；B. protected保护；C. prevented阻止；D. removed清除。根据“The measures were effective”可知，此处表示的是从濒危物种名单中被“清除”，remove意为“清除，删除”符合句意。故选D项。
52．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的天气变化无常。早晨晴朗的天空并不能保证一天中其余时间的好天气。A. outcome结果；后果；B. option选择权；可选物；C. permission允许；D. guarantee保证。根据“The weather here is very changeable.”和常识可知，早晨晴朗的天空并不能保证一天中其余时间的好天气。故选D。
53．D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：那天我所经历的已经成为我最难忘的回忆之一。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知，“ I experienced that day”是主语从句，从句引导词在从句中作experienced的宾语，表示“我所经历的事情”。综上，应用连接代词what引导词该主语从句。故选D项。
54．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想花更多的时间陪伴家人，但我整天忙于的新工作总是让我失望。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“job”，指物，“be busy with sth.”意为“忙于某事”，应用关系代词“which”作“with”的宾语，故应用“介词with +关系代词which”引导从句，空格处应填“with which”。故选D项。
55．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道传统的英国餐，午餐一般比较清淡，以简单的食物为基础吗？A. reliable可信赖的；B. plain普通的，简单的；C. identical相同的；D. considerable相当大的。根据句意可知，此处指的是传统的英国餐是基于简单的食物，plain意为“普通的，简单的”符合句意。故选B项。
56．B
【详解】考查冠词。句意：由于日常生活中鼓励普通话，中国的方言出现了问题。特别是，说上海方言的人数正在减少。根据句意可知，第一空表示的是说上海方言的人的数量，the number of意为“……的数量”符合句意，所以第一空使用the；第二空dialect为可数名词，其前有Shanghai修饰限制，所以此处为特指“上海方言”，使用定冠词。故选B项。
57．A
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：直到那时我才明白她的意思。only+状语位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。根据后文meant可知为一般过去时，应用助动词did。故选A。
58．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地政府建立了一个保护区来保护濒危物种。A. herd兽群；B. extinction灭绝；C. reserve保护区；D. harmony和谐。由语意可知，当地政府要保护濒危物种，所以政府建立的是保护区。故选C项。
59．B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我住院期间，我的父母日夜看护着我。A. made progress取得进步；B. watched over照顾；C. reminded of使想起；D. made out理解。根据后文“while I was in hospital”可知是生病父母来照顾，故选B。
60．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，说不同语言的人的思维方式是不同的，我们都相信有如此丰富多彩的语言揭示了人类思维的聪明和灵活。A. brilliant and flexible聪明和灵活；B. efficient and imaginable高效且可想象；C. significant and knowledgeable有意义和知识渊博；D. resonant and unbelievable洪亮的和难以置信的。分析句子，此处表示“人类思维的聪明和灵活”用brilliant 和flexible。故选A。
61．B
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在医院住了很长时间后，医生建议病人去海边恢复健康。A. take up开始从事，拿起；B. pick up捡起，恢复（健康），（身体）好转；C. hold up举起，支撑；D. make up组成，构成。根据前文“After staying in hospital for long”及后文“her health”可知，此处表达“恢复健康”。故选B项。
62．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你正在与他人交谈，保持专注并给予他们充分的关注。A. focus焦点；C. stare凝视；D. attention关注；C. gaze凝视。根据“If you’re talking to others”及常识可知，和人交流，要关注对方。故选C项。
63．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我去年参观的农场很漂亮。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词farm，从句中缺少visit的宾语，先行词指物。故选D项。
64．C
【详解】考查连词和副词。句意：幸运的是，火灾一发生，一位碰巧路过的人就打电话报告了消防局。A. hurriedly匆忙；B. quickly快速；C. instantly一……就（连词）；D. shortly马上。分析句子结构可知，该处应填连词，而instantly可作连词，意为：一……就；故选C。
65．D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：有些车主宁愿乘坐地铁，因为地铁没有交通堵塞的麻烦，这是可以理解的。A. nothing没有什么东西； B. some一些； C. neither两者都不； D. none（三者及三者以上）没有人或物。由句中一些车主选择乘坐地铁，可知这种交通方式不会像其它交通一样的麻烦，所以指三者及三者以上，故选D。
66．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些话在他们耳边回响，盟军士兵为诺曼底登陆做准备。A. fading褪色； B. ringing回响；响彻； C. swimming游泳； D. hanging悬挂。结合空后“in their ears”，可知此处指话语在耳边回响，故选B。
67．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一项研究表明，未来几十年气温变化的速度将继续加快。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，且从句中缺少状语，所以可用关系副词来引导，又因为关系副词=介词+关系代词，且先行词speed指物，所以用介词+which来引导，再根据空格前的speed可知，应该用介词at表示“以……速度”符合语境。故选C项。
68．C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：要教给孩子们尊敬每一个人，不管种族，性别还是年龄。A.in terms of就什么而言；B. as for至于；C. regardless of不顾，不管；D. in place of代替，根据“respect everyone”尊敬每一个人，不管种族，性别还是年龄。故选C。
69．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们一起庆祝周年纪念的那一年。分析可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为year，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when， 故选C。
70．C
【详解】考查动词。句意：这座教堂可追溯到13世纪。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语，句子陈述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。date back to意为“追溯于”，其与date from为同义词短语。该动词短语无被动无过去无进行。故选C。
71．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：——我能今天下午2点回电话给您吗？——对不起，那个时候我正坐在飞往北京的飞机上，5点钟行吗？根据时间状语“at two o’clock this afternoon”以及答语中“then”可知，此处表示将来某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故选A项。
72．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大卫走了进来，递给他一支烟，但他谢绝了，说他已经戒烟了。A.prevented 阻止；B.declined拒绝；C.   failed失败； D. regretted后悔。根据“saying he had quit it.”可知，但他谢绝了。故选B项。
73．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种病毒在人们不知情的情况下出现，最初被认为是一种常见的病毒。但随着更多病例的报告，事实证明这是错误的。A. fortunately幸运地；B. hopefully有希望地；C. initially开始，最初；D. finally终于。根据句中“it turned out to be wrong”可推知，最初(initially)认为是一种常见的病毒是错误的。故选C项。
74．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：住在高楼的顶楼的好处之一是视野好。A. scenery总体的、全部的风景；B. scene景象，场景；C. view视野，从某个视角看见的风景；D. look外表，样子，外观。根据“One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high--rise”可知，住在高楼的顶楼有好的视野。故选C。
75．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：《清明上河图》是最具影响力的作品之一，因为它让人们深入了解了12世纪中国的生活。A. inspiration灵感；B. inspection检查；C. innovation创新；D. insight了解。根据空后“life in China in the 12th century”可知，此处表示“解了12世纪中国的生活”，insight符合句意。故选D。
76．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车推销员带顾客开着新款汽车兜风，以展示改进后的性能。A. advocate提倡，宣扬；B. demonstrate证明，展示；C. exhibit展览；D. reveal揭露。根据句意，此处表示“展示”用demonstrate。故选B。
77．B
【详解】考查代词。句意：我很欣赏这幅画，艾德说他想让我把它作为他送给我的礼物。分析句子结构可知，此处为代词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处指代的是上文中的the painting，指代上文中的同一事物，应使用代词it。故选B项。
78．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：确保烹饪后煤气被关闭，否则会对我们的生命造成危险。A. somehow不知怎么地；B. meanwhile同时；C. otherwise否则，要不然；D. likewise同样地，也。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，结合句意，此处为otherwise表示“要不然”符合句意。故选C项。
79．B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：史密斯教授，很多学生想见您。他们是应该在这儿等还是在外面等？A. Do助动词；B. Shall应该；C. Will将要；D. Would将要（委婉语气）。分析句子，此处表示“应该”用shall。故选B。
80．C
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对世界还不了解，头脑简单的青少年很容易被欺骗。A. left behind留下；B. picked up捡起；C. taken in欺骗；D. set off动身。结合“Not knowing much of the world yet, simple-minded teenagers”和常识可知，涉世未深，头脑简单的青少年很容易被欺骗。故选C项。