高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点1--细节理解之直接信息（技巧梳理）

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面：
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点1--细节理解之直接信息--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年直接信息考点归纳】
【2023年高考命题预测】
细节理解之直接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2023高考中，直接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
【细节理解之直接信息考点指南】
命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
考例分析：
B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green考点
题型
细节理解
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
阅读
考点
2022·新高考I卷
阅读22、25、26、27、32、33
细节理解
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34
细节理解
2022·全国甲卷
阅读21、22、23、24、29、30
细节理解
2022·全国高考乙卷
阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、32、33、34
细节理解
salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
5. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
6. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
7. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
规律方法：如何解决事实细节题？做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
细节题的设题方式：
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
Accrding t the passage, when / where / what / wh / why / hw (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the stry happen?
What did the authr think abut after getting up?
Wh is Lucy accrding t the passage?
Why did the authr bring back hme an ld milk bx?
Hw lng des it take the battery t charge up an iPhne?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which f the fllwing is (nt) true / false accrding t the passage?
Frm the passage, we can learn that ______.
Accrding t passage, we knw that ______.
(3) 排序题
Chse the right time rder f the fllwing events in ...
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can yu learn frm the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minr refuse t visit Oxfrd?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads f Sparrw ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.Frm Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day fr Mmmy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词5.The writer mentins the tw nineteenth-century cttages t shw that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn frm the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn frm the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age f thirteen, the authr regarded keeping a diary as a way f ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use fr wind pwer in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bwler family was living in the 1900 huse, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。
方法演练：
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
5．Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A．He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.B．He disliked the clrful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.D．He wanted t read it by himself.
6．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
7．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.