高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点5-主旨要义之文章大意（技巧梳理）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点5-主旨要义之文章大意（技巧梳理），文件包含考点5-主旨要义之文章大意技巧梳理教师版docx、考点5-主旨要义之文章大意技巧梳理学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共17页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面：
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年文章大意考点归纳】
【2023年高考命题预测】
文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有它的中心思想。预测在2023高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】
规律方法：如何概括文章大意?
1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
考例分析：
B【2020·全国新课标II】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.考点
题型
文章大意
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C31. What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2021
2021年3月天津卷
C篇56．What is the passage mainly abut?
文章大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
文章大意
2020
2020年新课标ⅠI卷
B篇27. What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
C【2020·全国新课标III】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.318
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
【试题精练】
1.D【江西省八校2021-2022学年高三第一次联考】
Whether it's the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives, and we need t start learning hw t deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship cach Danielle Bayard Jacksn.
The mst significant thing we need t d, says Jacksn, is nrmalize the fact that smetimes friendships d end and that can actually be healthy. Hwever, we haven't been taught t carry this expectatin int ur friend relatinships.
“We’re nt lking at ur friends thrugh a lens (透镜) f ‘Gsh,I hpe this wrks ut’, but we’ll d that with a rmantic partner fr sure,” says Jacksn. “ With a partner, we wnder if they're ging t be the ne. But with friends, we assume they' re the ne frm the minute we establish that we like each ther.”
And because we dn't view the lss f a friendship as a nrmal ccurrence, it feels like a persnal failing when it happens and smething we shuld be ashamed f. Or, as Jacksn puts it, “If friendship is suppsed t be easy and yurs ended, what did yu d wrng?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relatinship, smetimes aren't meant t be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real wrk. Kristen Newtn has been interested in this wrk fr years and funded HEART Cnvs, which aims t help peple wh feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind f pen and hnest cmmunicatin that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance f ur scial cnnectins and friendship. Yet we recgnize the weight that they carry when they dn't wrk ut, and we experience that hurt and disappintment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The lss f a friendship is a nrmal ccurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up ver the curse f ur lives.
D．Many relatinships have fallen away during the pandemic.
【答案】12．B
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
2.D【陕西省渭南市2022届高三教学质量检测一模】
The earliest tmates were little sur berries. They grew amng lw bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes Muntains in Suth America. It was abut 350 millin years ag.
Tmat plants are relative t nightshade (茄属植物), which has pisn. The leaves and stems f tmat plants have pisn , but the berries are gd t eat. The berries are red s that animals can find them easily and eat them. The animals carry the seeds t ther places. That was hw earliest tmat plants fund new places t grw. Tmates are als relative t tbacc, chili peppers and ptates.
When peple first came t Suth America abut 20,000 years ag, they ate these tiny wild tmates. Travelers brught a few kinds f wild tmat plants frm the Andes t Central America, there the ancestrs f the Maya began t farm them. Nbdy knws exactly when peple began farming tmates, but it prbably was much later than crn and beans, and it was surely befre 500 BC．These Central American fanners bred tmates t be bigger and sweeter than the wild nes.
By the time Spanish explrers gt t Tenchtitlan in Mexic in 1521 AD, the Aztec peple ere eating a lt f tmates, made a sauce f chpped (剁碎的)tmates, nins, salt and chili peppers that was a lt like ur salsa. The wrd “tmat” cmes frm their Nahuatl wrd “tmat”.
Because tmates weren't farmed until pretty late, farmers further nrth had nt yet been able t adapt heir grwing seasn t wrking in Nrth America. Even tday, it's pretty hard t get yur tmates ripe in the nrthern parts f Nrth America befre the grwing seasn ends.
15．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t grw tmates.
B．The histry f tmates.
C．When t grw tmates.
D．The places where tmates grw.
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西红柿的历史。
15．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The earliest tmates were little sur berries.(最早的西红柿是小的酸浆果)”，第三段第一句“When peple first came t Suth America abut 20,000 years ag, they ate these tiny wild tmates.(大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄)”和第四段第一句“By the time Spanish explrers gt t Tenchtitlan in Mexic in 1521 AD, the Aztec peple ere eating a lt f tmates(当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿)”和最后一段“Because tmates weren't farmed until pretty late,(因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的)”可知，本文介绍了西红柿的历史。故选B。
3.C【吉林省长春市重点高中2022届高三下学期第三次模拟】
One f the greatest challenges in caring fr such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is prviding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Prject Chimps receive mrning and evening fd-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always lking fr mre ways t keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive persnality, care staff ften find that different chimps react differently t new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians t perfrm fr chimps t see what they may respnd. A vilin perfrmance received quite the respnse. Additinal musicians were lined up t visit but the crnavirus has stpped the activities, which we hpe t resume in the near future.
This past week, we brught an electric pian fr the chimps t investigate. Sme chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and culd nt wait t tap ut a few ntes. Others, like Emma, were mre interested in trying t take it apart.
29-year-ld Precius has very little tlerance fr the pian. She sat ff t the side fr a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enugh. She called an end t the enrichment sessin by thrwing a handful f waste at the pian. Receiving her message lud and clear, we remved the pian.
We culd never have guessed hw 33-year-ld Luke wuld react t it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has sme anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful f anything new, including peple, fd, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the pian, Luke was the first t investigate. We culd nt believe ur eyes—this usually anxius chimpanzee bravely chse t explre smething new!
T us at Prject Chimps, this is what it is all abut: giving chimpanzees the freedm t chse. We are hnred t be part f their jurney.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw caregivers care fr the retired chimpanzees.
B．What care staff d t enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.
C．Hw chimpanzees are trained thrugh varius enrichment.D．What Prject Chimps des t bserve and study wild chimps.
【答案】11．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“One f the greatest challenges in caring fr such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is prviding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Prject Chimps receive mrning and evening fd-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always lking fr mre ways t keep the chimps mentally engaged. (照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)”，以及最后一段“T us at Prject Chimps, this is what it is all abut: giving chimpanzees the freedm t chse. We are hnred t be part f their jurney. (对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。