高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点10--推理判断之写作态度（实战练）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点10--推理判断之写作态度（实战练），文件包含考点10--推理判断之写作态度教师版docx、考点10--推理判断之写作态度学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共68页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点10--推理判断之写作态度--练高考--心中有数
1.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【32题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
【33题】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
【34题】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
【35题】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
2.（2021·北京）I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）. My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me. After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi
children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child. The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget. In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten. With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.
64. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
A. It would affect his/her initial plans. B. It would involve traveling overseas. C. It would not bring him/her a good grade. D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.
65. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？
A. Images of Iraqi children. B. Research by his/her classmates.
C. A teacher's introduction. D. A representative's comments.
66. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________. .
A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education
C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children
67. What can we conclude from this passage？
A. One's potential cannot always be underrated. B. First impression cannot always be trusted. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. He who hesitates is lost.
【答案与解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
64. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）. My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. ”
（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。
65. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation. ”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。
66. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten. With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. ”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。
67. 推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. ”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life   of another person. Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten. With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. ”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
3.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
29.细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
4.2018年北京卷之D篇
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut
emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. 可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. 可知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). 可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被减少。故选A。
50.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably. 以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
5.2018年浙江卷之C篇
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the
hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
6.（2015年，重庆卷）
At thirteen, I was diagnosed (诊断)with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.
In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and their write on it, all within 45minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are not different from your classmates, young man. ”
I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it homie.
In the quietness of my bedroom; the ‘story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raise dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind”in my class; being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out(溢出)and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others; I just needed a quieter place: If Louis could find his “Way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?”
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to ‘me the next day-. with an “A”on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words:. “See what you can do when you keep trying?”
1.The author didn’t finish the reading in class because .
A.He was new to the class
B.He was tried of literature
C.He had an attention disorder
D.He wanted to take the task home
2.What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A.He had good sight
B.He made a great invention.
C.He gave up reading
D.He learned a lot from school
3.What was Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A.Angry
B.Impatient
C.Sympathetic
D.Encouraging
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The disabled should be treated with respect.
B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D.Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C
【解析】作者患上了注意力障碍症，无法完成老师布置的作业，但在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段At thirteen, I was diagnosed（诊断）with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.可知我患了注意力障碍症，无法集中注意力于某件事情。所以我无法在课堂上集中注意力完成老师布置的阅读任务。故C项正确。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.可知他为盲人发明出一种方法进行阅读。故A项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “ See what you can do when you keep trying?”可知最后作者的文章得到了A等级，受到了老师的表扬。作者感觉到很受鼓舞。故D项正确。
4.
D 主旨大意题。作者患上了注意力障碍症，在课堂上无法集中注意力，无法完成老师布置的作业。但在老师的鼓励下，他克服了困难，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。故D项正确。
7.（2014年，山东卷）
One morning, Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers (传单), and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
“If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died,” Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, “That dog saved my friend’s son.” Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.”
1.What did Tracy do after finding the dog?
A.She looked for its owner B.She gave it to Ann as a gift.
C.She sold it to the dollar store. D.She bought some food for it.
2.How did the dog help save Jack?
A.By breaking the door for Ann. B.By leading Ann to Jack’s room.
C.By dragging Jack out of the room. D.By attending Jack when Ann was out.
3.What was Ann’s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?
A.Sympathetic B.Doubtful
C.Tolerant D.Grateful
4.For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?
A.To help her friend’s son. B.To interview Tracy
C.To take back his dog. D.To return the flier to her.
5.What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph?
A.It would be given to Odie. B.It would be kept by Ann5 family.
C.It would be returned to Peter. D.It would be taken away by Tracy.
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一天，Tracy在当地学校附近捡到一只流浪狗，把它交代给邻居Ann照顾，自己去找狗的主人。Ann答应只照顾这只狗一天。结果在没找到狗主人之前Ann和她的两个儿子一直照顾这只狗而且很快喜欢上了它。Ann的大儿子有心脏病，多亏了这只狗帮Ann及时救了她儿子，所以当狗主人来认领狗时全家人都舍不得它走。最终，狗留在了Ann家里，成为家庭一员。
1.A考查细节理解。根据第二段开头句子“Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers…”可知，Tracy照了狗的照片，印了400张传单。这都是为了找到狗的主人。故选A。
2.B考查判断推理。根据第三段句子“When she arrived home…where Ann found Jack…”可以推断，狗Riley是通过向Ann狂叫并领Ann进入Jack的房间让Ann发现Jack犯了心脏病从而及时救了Jack的。故选B。
3.D考查判断推理。根据第四段Ann跟报社说的话，“If it hadn’t …”,如果不是狗领着Ann找到Jack，Jack可能就死了。也就是狗救了Jack的命，所以可以推断Ann对狗很感激，感激它救了她儿子的命。故选D。
4.C考查细节理解。根据第五段句子“A man named Peter recognized his lost dog…”可知，Peter给Tracy打电话的目的是为了领回他丢失的狗。故选C。
5.B考查判断推理。根据最后一段Peter去Ann家里领回他的狗时看到的场景“saw Thomas and Jack crying…”及他说说的话“Maybe … you should keep it.”可以推断，狗最终是留着了Ann家里。故选B。
8.（2012年，安徽卷）
When Kate's paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon (丝带）around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kate had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly，she is actually_________today than she was during her time.
Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City，Kate suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven.Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older.Then，in 1925，her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life，the artist had many operations，but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However，the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering，Kate taught herself to paint.
In 1929，she got married to Diego Rivera，another famous Mexican artist.Rivera's strong influences on Kate's
style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband.
Unfortunately，her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s，even in her home country.Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954，Kate's works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.
1.What does the underlined phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 most probablymean?
A.A far better artist. B.A far more gifted artist.
C.A much stronger person. D.A much more famous person.
2.The terrible pain Kate suffered was caused by.
A.polio B.her bent spine
C.back injuries D.the operations she had
3.Kate's style had become increasingly independent since the.
A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1970s
4.What is author's attitude toward Kate?
A.Devotion. B.Sympathy. C.Worry. D.Encouragement.
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B
【解析】文章介绍了画家Frida Kahlo，小时候的残疾加上后来的事故给她带来了伤痛，但是还是自学绘画，后来绘画风格受到丈夫的影响，但是没有失去自己的特点，虽然当时没有受到关注，但是现在她的艺术成就受到广泛的认可。
1.猜词题：根据第一段的最后一句话：Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.（可惜的是，相比于她所处的时代，在如今她有着：更大的名气），和前面的句子：Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time可知a much bigger name 意思是：a much more famous person选D。
2.细节题：从第二段的句子：Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. 可知她遭遇的巨大的疼痛都是由背部的疼痛造成的，选C
3.归纳推理题。根据第三段的句子：“but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.”可知，在20世纪40年代，Kahlo的风格更加独立了，得出答案B。
4.归纳推理题。根据最后一段中“Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home
country.不幸的是，她的作品并没有收到太多的关注，即使是在自己的祖国，可见作者对她的态度是同情的，选B。
9.（2013年，浙江卷）
In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get ----- a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen ------- teaching English.
School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class ---- seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seems reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn’t happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the classroom, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.
I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day. I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door.
He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All I could think of was that I
was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine.
When he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.”
“You had nothing to say to them”. he repeated.” No wonder they are bored. Why not get to the meat of literature and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior”? We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We role-played. He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher
As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”
Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now.
1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 ________________.
A.the writer became an optimistic person
B.the writer was very happy about her new job
C.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA
D.it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey
2.According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writer’s problem as a new teacher?
A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.
B.She didn’t ask experienced teachers for advice.
C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep.
D.She didn’t like teaching English literature.
3.What is the writer’s biggest worry after her taskmaster’s observation of her class?
A.She might lose her teaching job.
B.She might lose her students’ respect.
C.She couldn’t teach the same class any more.
D.She couldn’t ignore her students’ bad behavior any more.
4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?
A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.
B.Her students behaved a little better than usual.
C.She managed to finish the class without crying.
D.She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.
5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because
A.They were eager to embarrass her.
B.She didn’t really understand them.
C.They didn’t regard her as a good teacher.
D.She didn’t have a good command of English.
6.The taskmaster’s attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be described as________________.
A.cruel but encouraging B.fierce but forgiving
C.sincere and supportive D.angry and aggressive
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述的是作者工作第一年到偏远山区的一所学校执教的经历，当作者个人的执教理念和现实脱节时得到了上司的指点，对自己以后文学的教学起到了很大的影响。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer可知，作者是投了50份简历，经历了四次面试才得到这份工作的，可以推断出当时找工作很难，故选C。
2.细节理解题。题干关键词为the writer's problem as a new teacher，定位于第三第四段。第三段后半部分说我有个问题很久没意识到，我的教学理念和教学实际脱节，第四段又说大学里受到的教育对我影响很大，可知对大学知识的盲目自信正是她的问题所在，A项正确。B项的内容在文中没有涉及，没有提到其他老师的存在，可排除；C项描述与第三段第一句I worked hard，taking time off only to eat and sleep相矛盾；D 项说作者不喜欢文学教学也与文中说作者对工作的执着和热心相背。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes可知负责人只听了20分钟就悄悄地离开了，我似乎看到了自己被解雇的情形以及下一段第二句话我不知道他是否让我上完那天的课，由此可知作者怕丢掉来之不易的工作。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据第六段第一句I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day可知作者能坚持平静地上完剩下的课程就已经是使她感到不容易的事情了。故选C。
5.推理判断题。根据my
boss的话，可知作者并没有真正的了解学生，懂学生，只是盲目的使用学过的教育教学方法，所以应选B。
6.推理判断题。根据第九段最后两句，the taskmaster直接指出我的问题，并通过角色扮演来帮助我，可知他的态度是真诚和支持的，所以选择Ｃ。
10.（2020年，天津卷，第一次高考）
Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving towards greener, electric power, emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries.
Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30, 000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines. “As an airline, we're currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes. says CEO Greg Mc Dougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the worlds first commercial flight with an electric engine.
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can't just be ignored.
The transition （过渡） from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids-vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing.
It's certainly an exciting time for electric flying. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.
18.According to Para. l, what is happening in air transport?
A.New explorations of the sky are being launched.
B.Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled.
C.Efforts are being made to make air travel greener.
D.Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively.
19.Why is Harbour Air fit for electric flights?
A.It runs short route
B.It has a strong partner.
C.Its planes can land on the sea.
D.It has planes with powerful engines.
20.The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes___________.
A.give passengers more pleasant views
B.bring airlines more financial benefits
C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences
D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
21.What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?
A.To improve the ground service for e-planes.
B.To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry.
C.To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes.
D.To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes.
22.What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight?
A.To produce new electric components.
B.To increase battery consumption.
C.To use mixed-power technology.
D.To expand the landing field.
23.What is the author's attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?
A.Short-sighted. B.Wait-and-see. C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical.
【答案】18.C 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.C
【解析】本文是说明文。为了使航空旅行更环保,
出现了电动飞行。文章介绍了电动飞行的特点、优点、面临的挑战、解决措施和前景。
18.推理判断题。根据第一段中 If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries(如果我们想要大的绿色天空解决方案，就需要藍天思维。幸运的是，现在有很多这样的情况发生，尤其是靠电池供电的短途飞行)由此判断出，人们正在努力使航空旅行更加环保。故选C。
19.细节理解题。根据第二段Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying30000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less uan30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines.可知，Harbour Air是北美最大的水上飞机航空公司，每年有40架水上飞机搭载3万次商业航班。值得注意的是，所有港口航线的飞行时间都不到30分钟，这使得它完全适合于电动引擎。也就是说 Harbour Air的飞行航线短使电动飞行成了可能。故选A。
20.猜测词义题。根据下文that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.可知，电动飞机没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的味道，只有环保的宁静等优点，因此为乘坐电动飞机的乘客提供更愉快的飞行体验。所以added bonus指的是乘客获得的更愉快飞行体验的额外收获。故选C。
21.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft., where every bit of weight counts, this can' t just be ignored.可知电池不能提供足够的燃料, 而携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法起飞。在飞机上，每一点重量都很重要，不能忽视。由此推知平衡电动飞机电池的功率和重量是电动飞机面临的最大挑战。故选D。
22.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The transition(过渡) from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids-vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity.可知从燃料飞行到电动飞行过渡过程中，可以使用燃料和电力混合动力技术。故选C。
23.推理判断题。根据最后一段It's certainly an exciting time for electric flying. With companies Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to come a reality in the next few years.可知电动飞行无疑是激动人心的，电动飞行短途旅行将在 未来几年内成为现实。由此判断出作者对电动飞行的前景是乐观的。故选C。
11.（2012年，陕西卷）
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job
seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
1.Which of the following is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A.People’s appearances carry message about themselves.
B.Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.
C.Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly-treated.
D.Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
2.What can be inferred from the text?
A.Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B.What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C.Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D.Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Employees Matter B.Personal Choices Matter
C.Appearances Matter D.Hiring Managers Matter
4.The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .
A.enthusiastic B.negative
C.positive D.sympathetic
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B
【解析】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。
1.推理判断题。根据第二自然段的A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages.可知作者的意思是有纹身或戴鼻环去面试不会被公平的对待，故本题选C。
2.推理判断题。通读第三自然段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选B。
3.主旨大意题。本文讨论的主要是在求职的时候，人的外貌和穿着是很重要的，因为公司都要选择一些在形象上能够代表公司的人，故本题选C。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers.Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are说明作者也认为那些穿着奇怪的人是不能被选中的，说明他对这样的穿着是持否定的态度的，故选B。
12.（2014年，浙江卷）
Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry’ s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的) —so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting.” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in glass. Facebook’s second Menlo Park
campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’ve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”
This craft based theory is rooted in history, William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore(恢复) our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplvin, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environment. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.
1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ________.
A.Twitter is having a hard time
B.old cottages are in need of protection
C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
2.Low technology is regarded as something that _______.
A.is related to nature B.is out of date today
C.consumes too much energy D.exists in the virtual world
3.The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________.
A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C.can become intelligent by learning history
D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
4.The writer’s attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ________.
A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful
5.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Past Glories, Future Dreams
B.The Virtual World, the Real Challenge
C.High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices
D.The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是关于现代科技公司运用“大自然对人们创造力产生作用”的理念，积极创设原生态的办公环境。这里提到的低科技指的是工业化之前的建造技术，它更贴近自然。在自然的办公环境下，职员们不会感到有压力，对他们的健康是有好处的。
1.细节理解题。作者提到两个19世纪的村舍是为了表明什么？根据短文第二段中Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的) —so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative可知，低科技不是虚拟的，因此要充分的利用它，高科技公司需要有创造力。而短文开头提到的两个19世纪的小村舍就是低科技技术下的产物。因此推断现代的高科技公司也需要用低科技的理念创设原生态的办公室。故选D。
2.推理判断题。低科技被认为是什么样的事物？根据下文中作者给出的例子so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting以及最后一段中Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office可以判断出，低科技跟大自然有关，即在一个天然的环境下，故选A。B选项意思是低科技已经过时了，这不符合文意，现在很多高科技的公司都在打造低科技的办公室，让职员们更接近自然；C选项的意思是低科技消耗很多能源，其实正好相反，低科技的东西都是很天然的，不需要消耗很多能源；D选项的意思说低科技是虚拟的，而短文中说它并不是虚拟的，故与文意不符。故选A。
3.主旨大意题。第五段主要是说人类怎样？根据这一段的第一句话This craft based theory is rooted in history, William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties.可知，工艺基础理论是有其历史根源的，英国的艺术家、作家William Morris又回到了19世纪60年代的工业化之前的艺术。也就是人类有珍视工艺的传统。故选B。
4.推理判断题。作者对低科技的态度可以用哪一个词来形容？A.积极的；B.辩护的；C. 谨慎的；D. 怀疑的。通过作者给出的这些例子可以看出，利用低科技建造的原生态办公室对职员们的工作的积极性是有好处的。并且作者还引用了一项研究Research has shown that natural environments can restore(恢复) our mental capacities来说明自然环境对我们精神上的有利影响。故选A。
5.主旨大意题。这篇短文中作者告诉我们低科技不是虚拟的，现代的高科技公司需要有创造力，所以要充分的利用以前的低科技技术，创设更加原生态的办公环境。故用High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices作为题目是最合适的。
13.（2014年，安徽卷）
You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade____that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A.changemakers B.Businessmen
C.Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem
2.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to" "
A.the local farmers B.Masqsood and Iftekhar
C.Drayton and his team D.the poor people in Dhaka
3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .
A.considers Drayton's concept
B.gets permission from Ashoka
C.tries to improve social conditions
D.is a young, happy and healthy adult
4.The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as
A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.Positive
【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业。并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就。
1.主旨大意题：根据文章第一段的内容：Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.可知这篇文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业，为了让每个人都变成“changemakers”，故选A
2.词义猜测题：根据第三段的内容：So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste .可知Ashoka鼓励当地的穷人将垃圾变成堆肥，可以卖给购买昂贵的化肥当地农民，有人接受，但是有人拒绝，所以这里they指的是“当地的穷人”。故选D。
3.细节理解题：根据文章第二段的第四行的句子：In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.可知每个人都能成为“changemaker”，只要他们努力提高社会状况，故选C
4.推理判断题：根据文章的内容：可知作者介绍Ashoka项目的宗旨，它对于促进社会进步的做法和措施，并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就，还有从最后一段可以看出作者对于Ashoka这个项目是乐观的，故选D
15.（2014年，重庆卷）
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid---we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴)native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many
as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we，d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate w hitting. ’’
But fortunately there is an alternative : cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick Liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink--and take a shower afterward!
1.Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans______.
A.are not interested in it
B.have biological limitations
C.have not invented proper tools
D.are afraid to make an attempt
2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A.It is light enough to walk on water.
B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C.It can run across water at a certain speed.
D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A.To create a thick liquid.
B.To turn the water into solid.
C.To help the liquid behave normally.
D.To enable the water to move rapidly.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’ walking on water?
A.It is risky but beneficial.
B.It is interesting and worth trying.
C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.
【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类有一个一直感兴趣但一直未能实现的愿望：水上行走。不能实现的原因是“生物性局限”。本文主要介绍了一种理论上可行实际上难以实现的人类水上行走的方法：借助玉米粉（cornflour）增加水面浓度。
1.细节理解题。从第一段Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid …可知，人类至今不能在水面行走是“生物”原因。选择B。
2.细节理解题。从第二段It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet.一句可知，这种蜥蜴能在水面行走是因为速度快（每秒钟达到20步）。选择 C。
3.细节理解题。第三段this common thickening agent明确这是一种“常见的增稠剂”。选择A。
4.推理判断题。从第二段it does take a lot，最后一段it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. 等句推断，借助增稠剂实现人类在水面行走，理论上可行但真正实现很难做到。选择D项。
16.（2013年，辽宁卷）
Here is an astonishing and signficant fact:Mental work alone can’t make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered thett blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day labourer, we could find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxing at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours f efforts as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired.
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue come from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists. J. A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satifaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciated---those are emotions that tire sitting
workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a labour’s blood.
B.Albert Eistein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.
C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2.According to the author,which of the following can make sitting worker tired？
A.Challenge mental work.
B.Unpleasant emotions.
C.Endless tasks.
D.Physical labor.
3.What’s the authour’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?
A.He agrees with them.
B.He doubts them
C.He argues against them.
D.He hesitates to accept them.
4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ______.
A.have some good blood
B.enjoy their work
C.exercise regularly
D.discover fatigue toxin
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B
【解析】本文为说明文。研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等。这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered the blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!”可知，令这些科学家们惊讶的是，大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳。所以大脑可以连续工作好几个小时而不感到疲劳。C项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue come from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.可知，使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题。所以不愉快的情绪会使坐着工作的人感到疲倦。故B项正确。
3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等。这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素。根据最后一段Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.可知，努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张感觉。由此判断出作者对科学家的观点持支持的态度。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”可知，他宣称:“一个健康状况良好的在职员工的疲劳百分之百是由情绪问题造成的。由此我们可以从文章中推断，为了保持精力充沛，坐着的工人需要喜欢他们的工作。故选B项。
17.（2011年，陕西卷）
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact, studies show that the most widely grown GM crop. GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.
At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
78.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .
A.by classification B.by comparison
C.by example D.by process
79.What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A.Control. B.Evaluate C.Obtain. D.Increase.
80.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________.
A.practicing “green” farming B.use of less chemicals
C.fair distribution of their crops D.using more crops for fuel
81.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?
A.Optimistic B.Defensive C.Disapproving D.Casual
【答案】78.C 79.D 80.B 81.C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了转基因粮食对于解决世界饥荒的作用和存在的问题。
78.推理判断题。根据第二段“For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.”可知，该段采用的是举例子的方法。故选C。
79.词义猜测题。根据前句“On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.( 相反，美国政府的数据显示，与传统作物相比，美国转基因作物的农药使用量总体上有所增加。)”可知，他们承诺为了帮助农民解决粮食问题，通过减少化学品的使用和提高（increase）粮食产量的方式实现。从而推出boost为“增加”之意。故选D。
80.细节理解题。根据第三段““The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.( 我们的承诺是，你可以使用更少的化学品，提高产量。但事实并非如此，”美国国家农场联盟主席比尔•克里斯蒂森表示。)”可知。基因公司向农民承诺，他们将从减少化学品的使用中受益。故选B。
81.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.”
可知，有很多更好的方法可以采用，所以对于转基因粮食持不赞成态度。故选C。
18.（2011年，北京卷）
As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.
The 19thcentury saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .
So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21stcentury development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .
The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .
1.what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways ?
A.small towns along the railways became abandoned .
B.some railroad stops remained .
C.land in the west was hard to manage .
D.land grants went into private hands.
2.what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs ?
A.the transmission of power B.the use of money and power
C.the conservation of solar energy D.the selection of an ideal place
3.what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants ?
A.cautious B.approving C.doubtful D.disapproving
4.which is the best title for the passage ?
A.how the railways have affected the west
B.how solar energy could reshape the west
C.how the effects of power plants can be reduced
D.how the problems of the highways have been settled
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B
【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。
1.细节理解题。由第二段The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad
companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately
owned land.和…the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system可知铁路的建设使政府拨地落到私人的手里，西部的土地很难管理。故答案为C。
2.细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子: There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.可知在新能源的使用方面主要担心的是钱和 能源的使用。故答案为B。
3.作者态度题。作者从铁路和公路在西部出现的好处和坏处,说明solar plants在西部也会出现同样的问题，故答案为A。
4.主旨大意题。从文章的第一段的句子: The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.可知这篇文章讲的是太阳能会如何塑造西部故答案为B。