高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思（技巧梳理）

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点归纳】
【2023年高考命题预测】
词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有猜测单词的意思题以考查学生的猜测词义能力。预测在2023高考中，猜测单词的意思会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点指南】考点
题型
词义猜测之猜测单词的意思
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2022·新高考I卷
What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
猜测单词的意思
2022·全国高考乙卷
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
猜测单词的意思
2021
2021·英语全国甲卷
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考I卷之C篇
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
猜测单词的意思
2021年全国乙卷之B篇
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
猜测单词的意思
2020
2020·全国新高考I山东卷
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
猜测单词的意思
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之B篇
26. What des the underlined wrd ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer t?
猜测单词的意思
2020年新课标ⅠI卷之C篇
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
猜测单词的意思
2020年山东卷之D篇
23. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
猜测单词的意思
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What d the underlined wrds “” mean in paragraph 7?
2． What des “” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
3． The wrd "" in paragraph 2 means _________?
4．What d the underlined wrds “” prbably mean?
规律方法 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题主要集中表现为派生和合成两种形式。有的题需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
考例分析：C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
10. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
【答案】 10. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【试题精练】
1.【海南省琼海市嘉积中学2021-2022学年高三上学期教学质量监测（三）】
It was 3:34 in the mrning. Suddenly the bed mved a little. I wke up. That bed used t mve a lt s I just thught it was my wife rlling ver. I lked ver t her and she was fast asleep.
S I thught it was just anther small tremr(轻微地震). We used t get many small tremrs in Chile. But then everything in the rm started making nise. The tremr gt a bit strnger. My wife wke up.
I went t pen the frnt dr t make sure it wuldn’t get stuck while my wife went t see hw the kids were. They were still fast asleep.
I gt t the frnt dr and left it pen. When I turned arund t g back t the bedrm, the full frce f the earthquake started t hit. I culdn’t mve frward. While I was trying t hld myself up against the wall I lked ut the windw. It was frightening, sme buildings cming in and ut f view and sme already falling dwn. Then the earthquake made a strng push and ur lights went ut. In the darkness, I thught, “This is it! We’re nt cming ut f this alive.”
Luckily, the vilent shaking gradually slwed dwn and then stpped. I culd finally walk t ur children’s rm. My wife had been standing ver them during the strngest part f the earthquake, making sure nthing fell n them.
After such a big earthquake, we expected the “smaller” aftershcks t be still very strng. There was still a chance that the building culd cllapse. S we wke the kids up, gt sme basic things and started t walk dwn the emergency stairs all 22 flrs f them.
When we finally arrived at the grund flr many ther peple had already arrived, sme in pajamas(睡衣), sme half-dressed. The gd news was everyne gt ut f the building safe and sund.
7．What des the underlined wrd “cllapse” in paragraph 6 prbably mean？
A．Heat up.B．G silent.C．Fall dwn.D．Turn ver.
【答案】7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者亲身经历的一次地震。
7．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“we expected the ‘smaller’ aftershcks t be still very strng(我们预计‘较小’的余震仍然非常强烈)”及划线词后“S we wke the kids up, gt sme basic things and started t walk dwn the emergency stairs all 22 flrs f them.(所以我们叫醒了孩子们，准备了一些基本的东西，然后开始走下紧急楼梯，总共22层楼)”可知，可能还有强烈的余震，作者叫醒孩子下楼，由此可推知，划线词所在句意为“大楼仍有可能倒塌”。cllapse意为“倒塌”。故选C项。
2.【2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almst everyne has heard the expressin, “the calm befre the strm”.It is usually used t describe a peaceful perid just befre a very stressful situatin r a tense argument.
British sailrs cined the phrase in the late 1600s; they nted that befre certain strms the seas wuld seem t becme static and the winds wuld drp.
But why is it ften s calm befre a strm?
Science has given us the answer. Accrding t US inftainment (资讯娱乐) website Hw Stuff Wrks, a calm perid ccurs because many strms, such as trnades and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air frm the surrunding area. As this air rises int the strm cluds, it cls and acts as “fuel fr the strm, like petrl in a car”.
Once the strm has taken all the energy it can frm the air, it is pushed ut frm the tp f the strm cluds and falls back dwn t grund level. As the air descends, it becmes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, s nce it cvers an area, it causes a calm perid befre the strm.
This same prcess als causes the “eye f the strm” in hurricanes and trnades. In these cnditins, the calm ccurs in the center f the strm because f the strng rtating winds.
The Weather Netwrk has a tip fr wrking ut hw far away a strm is.First, cunt hw many secnds there are between a flash f lightning and a clap f thunder. Rughly three secnds equal ne kilmeter. S, fr example, if yu cunt nine secnds, the strm is abut 3 kilmeters away. A gd evaluatin is that if yur cunt is belw 30 secnds, yu shuld seek shelter straight away.
Hwever, due t the cmplexity f strm system, nt all strms are preceded by calm. Given the right cnditins, sme strms annunce themselves with heavy rain and chilling winds.
S, yur best bet is t keep yurself updated with weather reprts fr any predictins regarding a cming strm in yur area. That’s the mst reliable and sensible way t predict the next display f nature’s temper.
28．The underlined wrd “static” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．vilentB．quietC．fast-changingD．warm
【答案】28．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对“暴风雨前的宁静”这一情况做出了科学的解释，说明了一种计算暴风雨距离的窍门，并且提到实时更新天气预报才是预测天气最可靠的方法。
28．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is usually used t describe a peaceful perid just befre a very stressful situatin r a tense argument.(它通常用来描述在一个非常紧张的情况或争论之前的一段平静的时期)”，以及划线词后的“the winds wuld drp. But why is it ften s calm befre a strm?(风力会减弱。但是为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢?)”可知，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为“静止的”，故选B。
3.【河北省邯郸市十校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末联考】
Curtin University research has fund a simple and affrdable methd t determine which chemicals and types f metals are best used t stre and supply energy, in a breakthrugh fr any battery-run devices and technlgies relying n the fast and reliable supply f electricity, including smart phnes and tablets.
Lead authr Assciate Prfessr Simne Ciampi frm Curtin’s Schl f Mlecular and Life Sciences said this easy, lw-cst methd f determining hw t prduce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitr (电容器). culd be f great benefit t all scientists, engineers and start-ups lking t slving the energy strage challenges f the future.
“All electrnic devices require an energy surce. While a battery needs t be recharged ver time, a capacitr can be charged instantly because it stres energy by separating charged ins (离子), fund in inic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thusands f types f inic liquids, a type f “liquid salt”, and until nw, it was difficult t knw which wuld be best suited fr use in a capacitr. What ur team has dne is designing a quick and easy test, able t be perfrmed in a basic lab, which can measure bth the ability t stre charge when a slid electrde tuches a given inic liquid—a simple capacitr—as well as the stability f the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyne can apply it withut the need fr expensive equipment. Using this methd, researchers fund that charging the device fr 60 secnds prduced a full charge, which did nt ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin t diminish fr at least fur days,” Mr Beltti said.
The next step is t use this new screening methd t find inic liquid with an even lnger duratin in the charged state and larger energy density.
14．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in paragraph 5 prbably mean？
A．Charge.B．Develp.
C．Expand.D．Decrease.
【答案】14．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科廷大学(Curtin University)的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合用于储存和供应能源。
14．词义猜测题。根据前文“researchers fund that charging the device fr 60 secnds prduced a full charge, which did nt ‘leak’ (研究人员发现，给手机充电60秒就能充满电，而且不会漏电)”和下文“fr at least fur days”可知，充满电以后电量至少持续四天才开始“减少”。故选D项。