高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点6--主旨要义之文章标题（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点6--主旨要义之文章标题（练模拟），文件包含考点6--主旨要义之文章标题教师版docx、考点6--主旨要义之文章标题学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共202页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面：
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点6--主旨要义之文章标题--练模拟考--熟能生巧
1.【2022届青海省海东市高考一模】
Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
“All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method, researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin to diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.
12．What can the new method be used to do in the future?
A．Help to choose smart phones.
B．Find materials used as energy.
C．Settle the problem of storing energy.
D．Research energy sources of the future.
13．What was the challenge in making a capacitor?
A．Choosing the best ionic liquid. B．Figuring out the storing ability.
C．Devising a quick and easy test. D．Recharging a battery instantly.
14．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Charge. B．Develop.
C．Expand. D．Decrease.
15．What would be a suitable title for the text?
A．Selecting ionic liquid is important in capacitor
B．An easy and cheap way to seek perfect ionic liquid for capacitor
C．Types of ionic liquid best suited for use in capacitor
D．Research has found a simple and affordable battery
【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科廷大学(Curtin University)的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合用于储存和供应能源。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy(科廷大学的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合储存和供应能源   )”可知，这种新方法可以解决能源储存问题。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor.(离子液体有数千种，也就是“液体盐”的一种，直到现在，人们还很难知道哪种离子液体最适合用于电容器)”可知，制造电容器的挑战是选择最好的离子液体。故选A项。
14．词义猜测题。根据前文“researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (研究人员发现，给手机充电60秒就能充满电，而且不会漏电)”和下文“for at least four days”可知，充满电以后电量至少持续四天才开始“减少”。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy(科廷大学的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合储存和供应能源 )”根据第二段“Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). （该报告的主要作者、柯廷分子和生命科学学院的副教授Simone Ciampi说，这种简单、低成本的方法可以确定如何在电容器中产生并保持最高能量电荷）”最后一段“The next step is to use this new screening method to find
ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.(下一步是利用这种新的筛选方法来寻找带电状态持续时间更长、能量密度更大的离子液体)”可知，全文是围绕寻找一种简单经济的方法来展开文章内容的，所以用“一种简单而廉价的方法，寻求完美的离子液体电容器”来作为文章标题是比较合适的。故选B项。
2.【2022届辽宁省实验中学高考考前模拟训练】
Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, and then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“ Thank you, but no thank you. ” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs, author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “ but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier. ” This experiment gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims; we will be climate choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. But what then? “ Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back ” , Grey Childs writes, “ Something sounds wrong about it. ”
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself. I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling. I’m happy not to be in charge.
12．What does Ralph King think of Jason Box’s experiment?
A．It’s a possible solution to climate change.
B．It’s a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．It’s a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．It arouses people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
13．Which statement would Kelly Smith most probably agree with?
A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B．Humans will succeed in controlling climate in the future.
C．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
14．What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A．Favorable B．Tolerant C．Sceptical. D．Unclear.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Should we fix the climate with technology? B．Is climate change a threatening problem?
C．Why is the earth climate getting worse? D．What if all the glaciers disappeared?
【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过俄亥俄州一位科学家做的实验，说明气候变化不可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决的，同时几位科学家预测将来我们可以成功控制住气候。
12．细节理解题。由文章第二段最后两句“This experiment gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.(这个实验给了人们错误的希望：气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，这个实验给了人们错误的希望，气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。B选项“It’s a misleading attempt to fix the climate.(这是一种误导性的试图改变气候。)”符合文意。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims; we will be climate choosers.(气候学家凯利·史密斯并不是唯一一个预测我们很快就不会成为气候受害者的人；我们将成为气候选择者。)”可知，凯利·史密斯预测我们很快就不会成为气候受害者的人，我们将成为气候选择者。B选项“Humans will succeed in controlling climate in the future.(未来人类将成功控制气候。)”符合文意。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will.(按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知Grey Childs对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，A. Favorable支持的；B. Tolerant容忍的；C.   Sceptical.怀疑的；D. Unclear.不清楚的。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。第一段的“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice，then left.（几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森•博克斯（Jason
Box）将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。）”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me？I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place，but for the moment, sitting at my desk，looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling，I'm happy not to be in charge.(我吗？我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“But should we fix the climate？(但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目。故选A项。
3.【2022届河南省开封市名校联盟高三押题】
While video games used to be considered harmful to young people, various studies have also proved the positive effects of computer games, especially action video games.
Angela Pasqualotto from the University of Trento and her team have now tested whether such video games can help primary school children learn to read. They’ve developed such a computer game called Skies of Manawak.
“Reading involves many important skills, including knowing how to move our eyes on the page or how to use our working memory to connect words into a meaningful sentence,” explains Pasqualotto. “It’s known that action video games improve these still, such as vision, general attention, working memory and cognitive (认知的) flexibility.”
For their study, the researchers tested 150 school children between the ages of eight and twelve. Half of them played the game Skies of Manawak two hours a week for six weeks. The other half, the control group, received the educational game Scratch, which is intended to teach children the basics of programming. Both games are basically to train the executive (执行的) functions of the brain.
“We started by examining the children’s ability to read words, non-words and paragraphs and their attention control,” explains Pasqualotto. “After six weeks, these skills were tested again.”
“We found a seven-fold improvement in attention control in the children who played our action video game compared to the control group,” said Pasqualotto. The team also saw significant improvements in reading speed and accuracy among Skies of Manawak players—there were no improvements in the kids who played Scratch. It’s also worth mentioning that the children’s reading skills have improved, although the game itself doesn’t contain any reading exercises.
“For the study, we also carried out three further evaluation tests six, twelve and eighteen months after the
training. Each time, the trained children performed better than the control group,” adds Pasqualotto.
Of course, while the study suggests some benefit in action video games, it does not mean that one must do nothing else.
12．What did the 150 school children do in the study?
A．They received training on programming. B．They finished some reading ability tests.
C．They created video games on their own. D．They played games with reading exercises.
13．What does the further evaluation suggest about Skies of Manawak?
A．Its influence on reading skills is not temporary. B．The study results about it seem to be untrustworthy.
C．Reading ability can’t be improved with its assistance. D．Kids need consistent reading training after playing it.
14．What is the author’s opinion on action video games?
A．They have nothing to do with reading. B．People shouldn’t get addicted to them.
C．School kids are supposed to avoid them. D．They should be replaced with Scratch.
15．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the text?
A．Video Games Prove Harmless to Young People at School
B．Time for Children to Play Video Games Should Be Limited
C．Children Easily Fall in Love With Reading in a Video Game
D．Playing Action Video Games Improves Kids’ Reading Skills
【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。电子游戏通常被认为是有害的，然而本文的研究表明，动作类电子游戏有助于提高孩子的阅读能力。
12．细节理解题。由文章第五段“We started by examining the children’s ability to read words, non-words and paragraphs and their attention control .After six weeks, these skills were tested again.(我们从检查孩子们阅读单词、非单词和段落的能力以及他们的注意力控制开始。六周后，这些技能再次接受测试。)”可知参与研究的学生完成了一些阅读能力测试。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。由文章第七段“Each time, the trained children performed better than the control group.( 每一次，训练过的孩子都比对照组表现得更好。)” 后续的评估依然显示玩动作类电子游戏的孩子在阅读方面表现得更好。由此可推断，该款动作类电子游戏对阅读能力的影响是持续的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“... while the study suggests some benefit in action video games, it does not mean
that one must do nothing else. (当然，虽然这项研究表明动作类电子游戏有一些好处，但这并不意味着人们就可以什么都不做。)” 可推断，作者认为玩动作类电子游戏虽然有益处，但是不能沉迷其中。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While video games used to be considered harmful to young people, various studies have also proved the positive effects of computer games, especially action video games.”（虽然电子游戏曾经被认为对年轻人有害，但各种研究也证明了电子游戏的积极影响，尤其是动作电子游戏。）以及文章前三段及第六、七段可知，本文主要介绍了一个研究发现——动作类电子游戏有助于提高孩子的阅读能力。所以短文的最佳标题为“玩动作游戏可以提高孩子的阅读能力”。故选D项。
4.【2022届河南省顶级名校高三6月全真模拟】
Scientists in Israel have taught goldfish an unusual way to reach a target — by driving a small robotic car on dry land.
Six goldfish, regardless of their weight and size, took part in the experiment and were taught to drive in 30-minute sessions, conducted three times a week, every two days. The experiment was led by researchers at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. They wanted to see if goldfish’s ability to navigate depends on their natural environment, or if they could navigate even under very unusual conditions.
To test the goldfish, the researchers created a special robotic car that could drive forward, backward, and from side to side. The scientists called the car a Fish Operated Vehicle (FOV).
Goldfish was placed inside a water tank on the FOV. Using a special system, the car tracked where the goldfish was and what direction it was swimming in. The FOV would then automatically move in the same direction. To prevent the goldfish from getting stuck in barriers such as walls, researchers equipped the car with lidar. The researchers tested them by placing the car in a small room with a pink target on one side — that was where the fish were supposed to arrive. The fish were rewarded with food when achieving the task.
The fish did indeed learn to drive the FOV, becoming more skillful in its operation overtime both in terms of achieving tasks and in the time taken to complete that task. The researchers wanted to check that the fish weren’t just memorizing a set of movements to earn a reward, so they repeated some tests with a new starting position or added other targets that were a different color. They found the goldfish were able to deal with those changes.
Though the experiment showed that the fish were able to navigate to a target, it’s not likely that the fish knew they were controlling a car. The researchers say that in the future it may be possible to change the FOV to test these ideas.
8．What did the researchers do before testing the goldfish?
A．They fed them. B．They numbered them.
C．They trained them. D．They weighed them.
9．How did the goldfish get their reward in the experiment?
A．By making the FOV move forward. B．By avoiding the car being stuck.
C．By mixing the target’s colors. D．By having the car reach the target.
10．What did the researchers discover about the goldfish?
A．They were born with the ability to remember. B．They could recognize the color’s changes.
C．They were curious about new environments. D．They could understand simple words.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Goldfish Learn to Drive on Land B．Scientists Teach Fish Navigation Skills
C．Goldfish Know How to control the FOV D．Scientists Help Goldfish Find Destinations
【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了来自Ben-Gurion University of the Negev的一项最新研究：金鱼竟然学会了在地面上“开车”。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Six goldfish, regardless of their weight and size, took part in the experiment and were taught to drive in 30-minute sessions, conducted three times a week, every two days.(六只金鱼，不管它们的体重和大小，都参加了实验，并被教开车，每次30分钟，每周进行三次，每两天一次)”可知，研究人员事先对金鱼进行过培训。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers tested them by placing the car in a small room with a pink target on one side — that was where the fish were supposed to arrive. The fish were rewarded with food when achieving the task.(研究人员将汽车放在一个小房间里进行测试，房间的一边有一个粉红色的目标——这是鱼应该到达的地方。当完成任务时，鱼得到了食物奖励)”以及最后一段“Though the experiment showed that the fish were able to navigate to a target, it’s not likely that the fish knew they were controlling a car.(虽然实验表明鱼能够导航到目标，但它们不太可能知道自己在控制一辆汽车)”可知，金鱼要得到食物奖励，必须将车开到指定地点。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The researchers wanted to check that the fish weren’t just memorizing a set of movements to earn a reward, so they repeated some tests with a new starting position or added other targets that were a different color. They found the goldfish were able to deal with those
changes.(研究人员想要确认鱼不只是为了获得奖励而记住一组动作，所以他们用一个新的开始位置重复了一些测试，或者添加了其他不同颜色的目标。他们发现金鱼能够应对这些变化)”可知，研究人员发现金鱼可以识别颜色的变化。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists in Israel have taught goldfish an unusual way to reach a target — by driving a small robotic car on dry land.(以色列科学家已经教会金鱼一种不同寻常的到达目标的方法——在陆地上驾驶小型机器人汽车)”结合文章主语介绍了这个实验的过程和结果：金鱼确实可以通过改变在鱼缸中游动的方向来控制小车方向并到达目的地。故A选项“金鱼学会了在陆地上开车”最符合文章标题。故选A。
5.【2022届河南省顶级名校高三6月全真模拟】
Do you want to level up your mask-wearing while also looking like you’re about to battle with Batman? This is life-wearing Razer Zephyr, a wearable air purifier. A version of Razer’s latest appliance made waves in January during the Consumer Electronics Show.
It’s no surprise that tech companies are considering a leap beyond the cloth and surgical masks that have come to define the COVID-19 pandemic. It has a hard shell with two belts to fit onto your head. There are two air exchange chambers (腔) on the front, featuring double circulating fans to help circulate cool air. The chambers feature N95 filters (过滤器) providing two-way protection for yourself and those around you. It’s also transparent (透明的) with inside lights and an anti-fog coating to help solve one of the key issues with mask-wearing: watching mouths move when you speak.
Good as the mask appears, will it protect you from COVID-19? According to Razer, the mask is registered with the Food and Drug Administration and lab tested for 99% BFE, or Bacterial Filtration Efficiency, a measure of how well it filters out bacteria. “It is not tested specifically against the COVID-19 virus, but offers the same functionality and adequate protection due to its 99% BFE rating," Razer’s website says.
There’s also the financial cost to consider. The mask itself is $99, and Razer sells a pack of 10 sets of N95 filters for $30. By comparison, a quick search for surgical masks on Amazon turned up a box of 50 masks for between $11-$14.
“I’ve tried out the $99 Zephyr for roughly a week now. Wearing the Zephyr feels comfortable. The adjustable head straps (带) allow for the ideal fit. Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans.” one commented on Amazon.
12．Why is the Zephyr made transparent?
A．To fix lights inside. B．To circulate cool air.
C．To test the anti-fog coating. D．To expose mouth movement.
13．What can be inferred from the third paragraph about the Zephyr?
A．It’s officially approved. B．It’s highly rated by consumers.
C．It’s specially designed against COVID-19. D．It’s adequately protective against all viruses.
14．What probably appeal(s) to the buyer most according to the comment?
A．Its adjustable fans. B．Its air circulating system.
C．Its comfortable head straps. D．Its high but reasonable price.
15．What is the best title for the passage?
A．An Innovative Mask Makes a Hit B．Surgical Masks Are Being Improved
C．Wearable Technology Changes Our Life D．A New Treatment for Covid-19 Is on the Way
【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型口罩，它是透明的、可以净化空气并且具有防护功能。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s also transparent with inside lights and an anti-fog coating to help solve one of the key issues with mask-wearing: watching mouths move when you speak.”（它还具有透明的内部灯光和防雾涂层，有助于解决戴口罩的一个关键问题：说话时看着嘴巴移动。）可知，Zephyr被制作成为透明的是因为这样可以在说话时看到嘴巴的动作。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“According to Razer, the mask is registered with the Food and Drug Administration”（Razer称，该口罩已在美国食品药物管理局注册）可知，Zephyr是官方批准的。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段“Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans.”（最重要的是，由于风扇中的空气流通，它感觉透气。）可知，最可能吸引买家的是它的空气循环系统。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了Razer Zephyr这种新型的口罩，它所具有的优点以及人们使用之后做出好的评价，所以“创新的口罩大受欢迎”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
 6. 【2022届河北衡水中学高考英语押题卷1】
Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the mental capability to play video games. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pigs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. Although the animals didn’t demonstrate the skills to win a round any time, they did show an understanding of some elementary games. Performing well above chance, the pigs appeared to recognize the movement of the cursor was controlled by the joystick. The fact that they did so well despite a lack of flexible fingers is “extraordinary”, according to the researchers.
“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are performing is having
an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they are capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,” said Purdue University’s Dr Candace Croney, the study’s lead author.
Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, “only oral encouragement by the experimenter” would see training continue.
These findings are the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs. Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food, but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to “come” and “sit” after oral commands.
As with any sentient (有感觉力的) beings, how we interact with pigs and what we do to them impacts and matters to them. We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information, and what they are capable of learning and remembering, because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interactions with us and their environments.
12．What can be learned from Paragraph 1?
A．The pigs sometimes won the video games.
B．The pigs operated joysticks with their noses.
C．The pigs competed with each other in the games.
D．The pigs sometimes performed well accidentally.
13．What does the underlined phrase “give us pause” refer to?
A．Stop us from advancing. B．Affect us in learning.
C．Make us think seriously. D．Force us to train pigs better.
14．What made researchers believe pigs socially interacted well?
A．Their being inspired by human words.
B．Their being driven by food.
C．Their being willing to keep trying.
D．Their being motivated by challenges.
15．Which of the following could be the best title?
A．Smart pigs: good players B．Flexible noses: fun games
C．Oral commands: pig learners D．Pig players: learning potential
【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，猪可以通过自己的鼻子来使用操纵杆完成一些游戏，并且能够意识到光标是跟随自己移动操纵杆而移动，这个研究是一个巨大的突破，让我们更有可能了解猪是如何与我们和环境互动的。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pigs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. (这项发表在《心理学前沿》上的研究测试了四只猪（哈姆雷特、蛋卷、乌木和象牙）的游戏能力，用鼻子玩一个简单的操纵杆游戏，将光标移动到屏幕上的四个目标上 )”可知，这四只猪用鼻子来控制操纵杆。故选B项。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are performing is having an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they are capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,(对于动物来说，能理解它们正在实施的一个行为可以在别处带来效果的理念并不是小成就。这些猪有可能在任何程度上做到这一点，这就需要give us pause，关于它们还可以进行其他哪些方面的学习？那样的学习会对它们产生什么样的影响？)”可知，当我们发现这些动物竟然能理解他们的行为会在别处带来效果，我们就要思考更多的问题：他们还能学什么，学会了以后，他们会怎样？划线词give us pause，字面意思“让我们暂停”，此处结合上下文，表示“让我们暂停以思考一些问题”，故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, ‘only oral encouragement by the experimenter’ would see training continue. (研究人员还指出，虽然可以用食物作为积极的动机来教猪玩游戏，但它们在社交互动中也反应良好。事实上，当游戏变得更具挑战性，猪变得不愿意参与时，‘只有实验者的口头鼓励’才能让训练继续下去。)”可知，这些猪对社交互动有回应，在游戏增加难度时，这些猪不愿继续游戏时，“只有实验者口头上的鼓励”可以使训练继续进行，故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段的第一句“Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the mental capability to play video games. (是时候去玩一些流行的游戏了：新的研究表明猪拥有玩电子游戏的心理能力)”；倒数第二段“These findings are the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs.Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food,but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to ‘come’ and ‘sit’ after oral
commands.(这些发现是强调猪的智力的最新发现。研究不仅展示了它们使用镜子来寻找隐藏的食物，而且还展示了如何教会猪在听到口头指令后‘过来’和‘坐下’。)”，以及最后一段最后一句“We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information,and what they are capable of learning and remembering,because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interactions with us and their environments. (因此，我们有道德责任去了解猪是如何获取信息的，以及它们有能力学习和记忆什么，因为这最终为它们如何理解与我们和环境的互动提供了可能)”可知，作者阐述会打电子游戏的猪，反映了动物们猪是可以接受人类对它们更好的训练并有所互动的，它们有着学习潜能，所以D项“Pig players: learning potential(做游戏的猪：有学习潜能)”适合做文章的标题。故选D项。
7.【2022届广东省六校联盟高三下学期第六次联考】
In the world of water, 2021 was another year for the record books. Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought.
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events. Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库).
Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes.
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management.
Solutions don’t come easily, but they are key to a livable future. While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions.
12．Cape Town is mentioned to show__________.
A．the reservoir was of no use
B．new water management is in need
C．how awful it was without tap water
D．the existing water management is impressive
13．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．The Netherlands was spared from flood damage.
B．The river’s water level was reduced to over a foot.
C．Improving soil’s water-holding ability is practical.
D．Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production.
14．Which of the following water projects might win the author’s favor?
① “Restoring Healthy Soil”     
② “Filling Wetland”
③ “Strengthening Dam”   
④ “Making Room for River”
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Water disaster: way out of control
B．Investment in water: a key to the future
C．Nature-based solution: a way out for water
D．Good news: farming practices working well
【答案】12．B13．C14．D15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍水灾频发下给水治理带来的新启示。
12．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库). (然而，说到水，过去不再是未来的良好指南，大多数水利工程对日益发生的极端天气的后果毫无准备。其中一个最令人震惊的警钟来自开普敦市，在严重干旱导致水库干涸后，该市400万居民的水龙头几乎被迫关闭)”和下文“如何利用水治理应对灾害的方法”可知，极端天气日益频繁而以前的水利工程不适用于新的变化，开普敦就是一个例子，紧接着后文谈及应该如何做，所以提及开普敦是为了表明我们需要新的水治理方式。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre,
creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物，恢复土壤健康，这能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的，说明作者赞同①“恢复土壤健康”；由第四段中的“The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. (由于最近完成的项目，荷兰避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，该项目通过将洪水重新导向湿地，将暴雨河流的一部分降到一英尺以上，使河流空间得以扩展)”可知，荷兰通过最近的水利项目使河流空间得以扩展，避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，说明④“为河流腾出空间”会赢得作者的青睐；可得出作者会赞同①④水利工程。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。由第三段“Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes. (尽管这可能很有吸引力，但解决办法是不要进一步建造更大、更高的水坝，这往往会导致更严重的洪水。相反，要更多地利用自然过程)”，最后一段中的“While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions. (虽然现在避免气候变化的影响为时已晚，但我们可以通过加大对此类基于自然的水解决方案的投资来避免最糟糕的影响)”和其它段落可知，文章以灾害引入，进而举例谈及用基于自然的方法解决问题，结尾呼吁对自然方法的投资，C项“基于自然的解决方案：水的出路”一语双关，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通过自然方式导出去。故选C项。
8.【2022届广东省广州市高考考前综合训练（三模）】
The top-selling album (唱片) Songs of the Humpback Whale was released in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales and eventually helped save thousands of whales’ lives.
The album might never have been made if it hadn’t been for a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the
1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he noticed some strange, deep sounds, which he realized were coming from whales.
Watlington played the recordings for a pair of biologists named Roger and Katy Payne. When they listened, they were instantly hooked on the beauty of the whales’ voices.
Katy Payne studied music as well as biology, and she was amazed by how the whales communicate like an opera singer. She also noticed another interesting detail: they had recognizable patterns. In biology terms, an animal call with a repeating pattern is called a song. The songs of whales are so complex that some scientists have even compared them to composers and poets.
The Paynes thought that other people needed to hear the beauty of the whales’ songs, so Roger organized the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were often hunted and traded for money and some whale species were dying out. Most people had never thought of whales as creatures that could communicate through songs. But after hearing the album, many people began to think differently.
The album led people to start the Save the Whales movement. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in movies and television shows. In 1982, the deep-sea whaling was banned. Before the ban, more than 50,000 whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below 2,000.
It might seem incredible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But this one-of-a-kind album revealed secrets long hidden beneath the waves and allowed these amazing creatures to finally share their songs with the human world.
4．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To call on people to save whales. B．To prove that whales are born singers.
C．To explain how a good album was made. D．To introduce a popular album and its stories.
5．Who first found the special voices of the whales?
A．A song recorder. B．An opera singer.
C．A sound engineer. D．A pair of biologists.
6．What surprised Katy Payne about the whales?
A．They could talk with scientists. B．They could sing like an opera singer.
C．They could repeat interesting sounds. D．They could communicate through songs.
7．Which is one of the values of the album?
A．It successfully stopped deep-sea whaling. B．It helped people understand whales better.
C．It made some music and movie stars popular. D．It encouraged musicians to work with scientists.
【答案】4．D5．C6．D7．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一张名为《座头鲸之歌》唱片，这种唱片拯救了许多鲸鱼的生命。
4．推理判断题。文章第一段引出《座头鲸之歌》唱片；第二至五段介绍该唱片的由来；第六段介绍该唱片的一大价值，即引导人们开始拯救鲸鱼；最后一段总结全文。所以文章的目的就是介绍《座头鲸之歌》唱片及其背后的故事。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“The album might never have been made if it hadn’t been for a sound engineer named Frank Watlington.”（要不是音响师弗兰克·沃特林顿，这张唱片就不可能被制作出来。）可知，是一名音响师发现了鲸鱼特殊的声音。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Katy Payne studied music as well as biology, and she was amazed by how the whales communicate like an opera singer.”（凯蒂·佩恩学习音乐和生物学，她对鲸鱼像歌剧演员一样交流感到惊讶。）可知，凯蒂·佩恩感到惊讶的是，鲸鱼像歌剧演员一样交流，也就是通过歌声来交流。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“The album led people to start the Save the Whales movement.”（这张唱片引导人们开展拯救鲸鱼行动。）可知，这张唱片让人们想要拯救鲸鱼，以及由该段最后三句“In 1982, the deep-sea whaling was banned. Before the ban, more than 50,000 whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below 2,000.”（1982年，深海捕鲸被禁止。禁令发布之前，每年有超过50000头鲸鱼被捕杀；发布之后，该数字降到了2000头以下。）可知，这张唱片还促使人们发布了深海捕鲸的禁令，禁令发布之后，鲸鱼被捕杀的数量大大减少了，所以这张唱片成功地阻止了人们深海捕鲸。故选A项。
9.【2022届福建师范大学附属中学高三5月校质量检测】
Earlier this week, I watched some online videos that were both sickening and inspiring. They showed a team of surgeons conducting colorectal, cardiac and neurological procedures—scalpels, blood and all. But instead of crowding around the patient in an operating theatre, as shown in TV shows such as ER, the surgeons were scattered: some were beside the patient; others were many miles away, guiding their colleagues with a (virtual) hand, thanks to augmented reality.
Call this, if you like, Zoom for surgeons—instead of conducting an office meeting via video, they are inserting a scalpel into a brain. Or as Naine Hachach-Haram, a plastic surgeon in the UK’s NIS and the founder of Proximie, the platform I watched, says, “The idea is to bring virtual healthcare workers together—we are digesting the operating theatre and bringing it to people around the world.”
Welcome to another unexpected story arising from Covid-19. Hachach-Haram first proposed the idea of doing virtual surgery a decade ago. Like many doctors in the west, she did volunteer medical work in war-torn regions of the world and became frustrated by the lack of access to surgeons there. To correct this, in 2016 she founded Proximie as a training tool. However, in those early days, she said she faced an uphill battle persuading other doctors to embrace the idea: most had been trained to believe that “proper surgery involved proximity to the patient”. The roadblock “was a cultural issue as much as an issue of technology”, she tells me.
This reflects a bigger pattern that has benefited many telemedicine start-ups. “Covid-19 caused a rapid increase in virtual healthcare use,” says a recent report from consultancy McKinsey, who predicts this level of growth will decline when lockdown ends, but says telemedicine “is expected to stabilize at higher than pre-pandemic levels and continue growing”. To put it another way now that the cultural resistance to virtual medicine has been broken down, we are unlikely to forget this lesson. “Zoom surgery” is likely to remain a feature of modern medicine.
This might just be a lucky accident. Or maybe not: a similar pattern has played out in pockets of finance too. In 2007, a telecoms company in Kenya launched M-Pesa, a mobile payment system, to get around the lack of established banking infrastructure in Africa. The concept, which was embraced in Kenya, faced cultural resistance in the West but would come to be eventually adopted later. When historians look beck at the Covid-19 era, they may not just conclude that it changed how we work but that it also accelerate the movement of skills, ideas and money. Those videos of “Zoom Surgery” are one tiny symbol of a new type of globalization.
8．When conducting a “Zoom surgery” doctors ________.
A．gather around the patient B．hold an online meeting beforehand
C．work in different locations at the same time D．do the operation with the assistance of robots
9．What can we know about Proximie?
A．The only challenge it faced was the cultural resistance from doctors.
B．It originated from a traditional idea.
C．Travel bans during the Covid-19 lockdowns blocked its development.
D．It is a platform for sharing expertise and conducting online procedures.
10．What does the underlined phrase “a similar pattern” refer to?
A．Western people are resistant to change.
B．Smart ideas were usually initiated in the west.
C．People in less developed regions need more help.
D．A new idea was first developed in poorer regions.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The rise of virtual surgery B．Globalized augmented reality
C．Medical care after the pandemic D．Telemedicine changed how we work
【答案】8．C9．D10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今“虚拟手术”的发展情况，介绍了其概念、发展以及优势。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But instead of crowding around the patient in an operating theatre, as shown in TV shows such as ER, the surgeons were scattered: some were beside the patient; others were many miles away, guiding their colleagues with a (virtual) hand, thanks to augmented reality.(但是，外科医生们并没有像《急诊室的故事》这样在手术室里簇拥着病人，而是分散在病人身边；还有一些人在千里之外，借助增强现实技术，用一只（虚拟的）手指导他们的同事)”可知，当进行Zoom手术时，医生在不同的地点同时工作。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Or as Naine Hachach-Haram, a plastic surgeon in the UK’s NIS and the founder of Proximie, the platform I watched, says, “The idea is to bring virtual healthcare workers together—we are digesting the operating theatre and bringing it to people around the world.”(或者，正如英国国家NIS的整形外科医生、Proximie（我所看的平台）的创始人奈恩•哈奇-哈拉姆所说：“我们的想法是将虚拟医疗工作者聚集在一起——我们正在打破手术室的界限，让全世界的人们都参与进来。”)”可推知，Proximie是一个分享专业知识和进行线上手术的平台。故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“In 2007, a telecoms company in Kenya launched M-Pesa, a mobile payment system, to get around the lack of established banking infrastructure in Africa. The concept, which was embraced in Kenya, faced cultural resistance in the West but would come to be eventually adopted later.(2007年，肯尼亚的一家电信公司推出了移动支付系统M-Pesa，以解决非洲缺乏成熟银行基础设施的问题。这个概念在肯尼亚被接受，但在西方遭到了文化抵制，但最终还是被采纳了)”可知，手机支付系统最先在肯尼亚发展起来，之后才开始在西方被接受可以推断，“a similar pattern”代指的就是指所提到的新想法最先在贫穷落后地区发展起来，之后才传到西方。故画线词指的是“一种新的想法首先在较贫穷的地区发展起来”。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Call this, if you like, Zoom for surgeons—instead of conducting an office meeting via video, they are inserting a scalpel into a brain.(如果你愿意，可以称之为外科医生的“进步”——他们不是通过视频进行办公室会议，而是将手术刀插入大脑)”以及倒数第二段““Covid-19 caused a rapid increase in virtual healthcare use,” says a recent report from consultancy McKinsey, who predicts this level of growth will decline
when lockdown ends, but says telemedicine “is expected to stabilize at higher than pre-pandemic levels and continue growing”. To put it another way now that the cultural resistance to virtual medicine has been broken down, we are unlikely to forget this lesson. “Zoom surgery” is likely to remain a feature of modern medicine.(咨询公司麦肯锡最近的一份报告称：“Covid-19导致虚拟医疗使用迅速增加。”麦肯锡预计，封锁结束后，这一增长水平将下降，但远程医疗“预计将稳定在高于大流行前的水平，并继续增长”。换句话说，既然对虚拟医学的文化抵制已经被打破，我们不太可能忘记这一教训。“缩放手术”可能仍将是现代医学的一个特征)”结合文章主要介绍了如今“虚拟手术”的发展情况，介绍了其概念、发展以及优势。可知，A选项“虚拟手术的兴起”最符合文章标题。故选A。
10.【2022届福建省厦门市部分校高三毕业班考前模拟】
During its 300 or so years in Britain, tea has changed from the exotic (异国情调的) to the ordinary. Historians like to ask why the Industrial Revolution took place here in the 18th century and not elsewhere in Europe or Asia. Several historians argue that sugar played a significant role in fulling workers. Could it be that sweet, boiled water with a mildly addictive plant produced a healthier as well as more energetic population just when England needed labour? That appears to be the case put forward by Francisca Antman, an economist at the University of Colorado.
It is not a new thesis, but Professor Antman provides the first quantitative evidence that tea drinking powered the Industrial Revolution, by increasing the health of workers. Her study reveals that the practice of boiling water for tea lowered death rates by 25% in lower water-quality areas. This “accidental improvement”, she argues, occurred just as people were moving into cities, where the crowding together would otherwise have led to serious epidemics. Instead, the country possessed a healthy pool of labour needed for industrialisation.
One of the key moments that shifted tea from a luxury good to a mass market drink came, the Antman paper argues, in 1784 when the tea tax was cut from 119% to 12.5% at one stroke. By the end of the century, even the humblest farmer drank tea twice a day. The East India Company also muscled out an opponent—coffee—by pushing its tea in the home market. Tea gardens made the drink a cultural custom, as did the worker’s tea break.
Professor Antman argues, “Why England experienced a decline in death rates over this period without an increase in wages, living standards, or nutrition can be explained in part by the widespread adoption of tea as the national drink and increased consumption of boiled water”.
8．What do we know about Professor Antman’s study?
A．It offers statistical proof. B．It presents a new thesis.
C．It focuses on work efficiency. D．It figures out labour demand.
9．What do the underlined words “accidental improvement” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The decline of death rate. B．The removal of epidemics.
C．The popularity of tea drinking. D．The process of moving to cities.
10．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．Tea was ill-received by farmers. B．Coffee made push into British market.
C．Tax cut made tea an affordable product. D．Workers enjoyed tea breaks in gardens.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．British Tea, from Exotic to Ordinary B．A Cup of Tea, a British Cultural Gene
C．Why the British Drink So Much Tea? D．How Tea Affects Industrial Revolution?
【答案】8．A9．A10．C11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It is not a new thesis, but Professor Antman provides the first quantitative evidence that tea drinking powered the Industrial Revolution, by increasing the health of workers. Her study reveals that the practice of boiling water for tea lowered death rates by 25% in lower water-quality areas.”（这不是一个新论题，但Antman教授提供了第一个量化的证据，证明喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率。）可知，Antman教授的研究并不是一个新论题，但她为这项研究提供了第一个量化的证据，她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率，由此可知，Antman教授的研究提供了统计证明。故选A项。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“Her study reveals that the practice of boiling water for tea lowered death rates by 25% in lower water-quality areas.”（她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率。）可知，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率，由此可知，下文指的是在人们迁入城市时，拥挤在一起会导致严重的流行病，而饮茶有助于“死亡率的下降”就是在这种情况下发生的，由此可知，画线短语指的是“死亡率的下降”。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“One of the key moments that shifted tea from a luxury good to a mass market drink came, the Antman paper argues, in 1784 when the tea tax was cut from 119% to 12.5% at one stroke. By the end of the century, even the humblest farmer drank tea twice a day.”
（Antman认为，1784年，茶税一举从119%降至12.5%，这是将茶从奢侈品转变为大众市场饮料的关键时刻之一。到本世纪末，即使是最卑微的农民也每天喝两次茶。）可知，茶税从119%降至12.5%，这是将茶从奢侈品转变为大众市场饮料的关键时刻之一，茶不再是一种奢侈品，而是大众能负担得起的产品，由此可知，减税使茶叶成为一种负担得起的产品。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。结合第二段关键句“It is not a new thesis, but Professor Antman provides the first quantitative evidence that tea drinking powered the Industrial Revolution, by increasing the health of workers.”（这不是一个新论题，但Antman教授提供了第一个量化的证据，证明喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。）可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命，“How Tea Affects Industrial Revolution?”意为“茶叶如何影响工业革命？”选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
11.【2022届安徽省合肥市第八中学高考最后一卷】
Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders. Long lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center.
In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, “A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.” Bedrosian says.
In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioral despair”, 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could ease the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules (分子) linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.
Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can’t easily detect molecular underpinings (分子基础) as animal studies can, says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior.”
12．Why does the author mention doctors prescribing light therapy?
A．To emphasize the importance of light. B．To introduce the new research finding.
C．To prove professional skills of doctors. D．To suggest a way to deal with depression.
13．What do we know about the new study?
A．Symptoms caused by light exposure can be relieved.
B．Mice exposed to dim light stick to swimming fearlessly.
C．The experiment involves people working night shifts.
D．Scientists injected the stomachs of animals to help them.
14．What can we infer according to George Brainard?
A．Molecular underpinings can be easily detected in human studies.
B．Mice differ a lot from human beings in terms of night behaviors.
C．The new work helps doctors to give better treatments to patients.
D．Regulating light at night may have practical effects on people.
15．Which can be a suitable title of the passage?
A．Animals Suffering from Light Pollution
B．New Drug Found to Cure Mood Disorders
C．Nighttime Light Likely to Foster Depression
D．Human Biological Clock Controlled by Light
【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，至少在动物身上，夜间长期暴露在光线下会导致抑郁。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.”(但其他时候过多的光线实际上可能会导致这种情绪障碍。一项新的研究发现，夜间长时间暴露在阳光下会导致抑郁，至少在动物身上是这样。)可知，在全文开头作者提到医生会开出光疗处方，是为了下文引出一项新的研究发现做铺垫。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句的“All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle.”(所有抑郁症状在小鼠恢复正常的明暗周期后两周内消失。)可知，给予一定时间，老鼠的症状可以得到缓解。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior.”
(他说，这项新的研究表明，夜间光线对生物钟的改变可能是调节生物学和行为的一种极其强大的力量。)可知，夜晚的灯光可能对人有实际的影响，故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.”(一项新的研究发现，夜间长时间暴露在阳光下会导致抑郁，至少在动物身上是这样。)可知，本文主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，至少在动物身上，夜间长期暴露在光线下会导致抑郁，因此最佳标题为A选项“Nighttime light may foster depression”(夜间的灯光可能会导致抑郁)。故选C。
12.【2022届四川省内江市高三第三次模拟考】
Kensey Jones teaches a second grade class at St. Michael’s Episcopal School in Richmond. In her spare time, she volunteers at Richmond Animal Care & Control (RACC), and she recently found a way to help the animals find their way home just a little bit faster.
Kensey spoke with Christie Peters, director of RACC, who also happens to be the mother of one of her students. They cooked up an idea to introduce the class to a rescue dog named Snow, then give them the task of writing persuasive stories and making drawings from the dogs’ perspectives(角度). These works would then be placed on the shelter animal’s cage.
“I’m a very cute dog, ” one child wrote for a dog called Famous Amos. “Don’t you love my name? Do you love me? I hope you do because then you can adopt me!”
Each of the drawings is 100 percent unique as well as being incredibly cute. Christie knew the project would be a hit as soon as she heard Kensey’s idea. “The class was working on persuasive writing, and they wrote pieces as if they were speaking on behalf of the shelter dog trying to get adopted, ” she said. “I said, ‘Let’s do it.’”
“I’m so proud to see my students write amazing persuasive paragraphs through the eyes of one of their RACC dogs, ” Kensey explained.
After meeting Snow, the kids were allowed to choose an adoptable dog from the list of those available at RACC．The kids were then told of the dog’s unique personalities, likes, and dislikes. In the end, the students wrote about 24 stories!
So far, eight animals have gone home after their new owners read their letters! Kensey and Christie both hope other schools will find a similar way to partner with their own local shelters to help homeless pets, too.
4．What do we know about Kensey Jones?
A．She is a cook at a school.
B．She is a caring and creative lady.
C．She encourages kids to adopt dogs.
D．She works with RACC to rescue dogs.
5．Why were kids’ drawings and stories placed on the shelter animal’s cage?
A．To impress potential adopters.
B．To rescue the homeless dogs.
C．To get pet owners’ evaluation.
D．To comfort the dogs in the cage.
6．How do Kensey and Christie feel about the outcome of the project?
A．It’s unexpected.
B．It’s discouraging.
C．It’s challenging.
D．It’s beautiful.
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Writing Adorable Letters.
B．Training Kids’ Imagination.
C．Am I A Very Lovely Dog?
D．Do You Love Animals?
【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kensey通过让孩子们以动物的口吻写一些话挂在笼子外，来增加这些动物被领养的可能性，并取得了很好的结果。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In her spare time, she volunteers at Richmond Animal Care & Control (RACC), and she recently found a way to help the animals find their way home just a little bit faster.(在业余时间，她在里士满动物护理与控制中心（RACC）做志愿者，最近她想出了一种方法来帮助动物更快地找到领养家庭)”可知，在RACC做志愿者说明Kensey是有爱心的，想到新方法说明她是有创造力的。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Each of the drawings is 100 percent unique as well as being incredibly cute.(每一幅画都是100%独特的，而且非常可爱)”及最后一句“The class was working on persuasive writing, and they wrote pieces as if they were speaking on behalf of the shelter dog trying to get adopted,(全班同学都在写劝说文，他们写的文章就像是代表试图被收养的收容所里的狗在诉说一样)”可推知，以动物的口吻诉说被收养的需求，可以更吸引人，由此可推知，将孩子们的作品挂在动物的笼子外是为了给潜在的收养者留下深刻印象。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So far, eight animals have gone home after their new owners read their letters! Kensey and Christie both hope other schools will find a similar way to partner with their own local shelters to help homeless pets, too.(到目前为止，已有八只动物在新主人读了它们的信后被领回家了！Kensey和Christie都希望其他学校也能找到类似的方式，与当地的收容所合作，帮助无家可归的宠物)”可知，Kensey和Christie都希望其他学校可以效仿她们的方式，可见她们对于所开展的的这一项目是很满意的，认为成果是“beautiful极好的”。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述Kensey通过让孩子们以动物的口吻写一些话挂在笼子外，来增加这些动物被领养的可能性，结合第四段最后一句“The class was working on persuasive writing, and they wrote pieces as if they were speaking on behalf of the shelter dog trying to get adopted,(全班同学都在写劝说文，他们写的文章就像是代表试图被收养的收容所里的狗在诉说一样)”可知，“Am I A Very Lovely Dog?(我是一只非常可爱的狗吗？)”是以动物口吻说出的话，适合作为本文标题。故选C。
13.【2022届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem, prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of
controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
12．What’s the real power of science according to the author?
A．It provides solid solutions. B．It defends accepted understandings.
C．It discovers certainties about the world. D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
13．What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean?
A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging.
14．What may be the belief of the second misconception?
A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B．Science is unreliable and of little use.
C．Science is objective but impractical. D．Science is doubtful but useful.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science? B．Why Should We Trust Scientists?
C．What Is the Weakness of Science? D．What Is Scientists’ Responsibility?
【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是怀疑和科学的密切关系。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段的“As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings.(作为一名科学历史学家，我认为，科学家和科学历史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰在于通常被认为是它的弱点的东西：它对已被接受的认识提出质疑和挑战的动力。)”可知，作者认为科学的真正力量是它不断带来问题和挑战。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding.(怀疑可能令人不安，但它推动我们更好地理解。)”可知，怀疑令人不安，那么确定性就让人放心，划线词reassuring的意思是“令人安心的”，和comforting意思相近，故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems.(科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的动态中，存在两种相反的误解。第一种是一种盲目的科学家主义——相信科学是不容置疑的，并且有能力解决所有问题。)”可知，第一种误解是科学能解决所有问题，那么第二种和第一种完全相反，因此第二种是认为科学完全没有用，不可靠，即Science is unreliable and of little use。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Actually, doubt and science often go hand in
hand.(事实上，怀疑和科学经常结伴而行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是怀疑对科学很关键，A选项“Why Is Doubt Vital to Science?(为什么怀疑对科学至关重要？)”概括了本文内容，是最好的标题，故选A。
14.【2022届江西省新余市高三下学期第二次模拟】
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia, shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance beak(喙) size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Similar trends are seen in species of mice and bats growing bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that fits nicely with evolutionary(进化的) theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to get rid of additional heal. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ryding’s team combined data from different species in different places. Now that they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
Honestly, studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Every little bit of avoided future temperature increases results in less warming that would otherwise stay for essentially forever.
32．Why do some species grow bigger parts of their body?
A．They are following the new trends.
B．They have to adapt to warmer climate.
C．Scientists need them to do experiments.
D．Larger parts tend to help them feed well.
33．Where may warm-blooded animals have bigger body parts?
A．In mild areas. B．In hot places.
C．In the Arctic. D．In deserted regions.
34．What do we know about the change in animals from the last two paragraphs?
A．It comes at a cost.
B．Its cause is definite.
C．It happens in the same habitat.
D．Its process will end soon.
35．What can be a suitable tile for the text?
A．Living on a Warming Planet
B．Measures to Remove Heat
C．Pioneering Research on Animals
D．Evolution to Survive Heat
【答案】32．B33．B34．A35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. ”(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)可知，有些物种长得更大是因为它们必须适应更温暖的气候。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段““Allen’s rule”, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas. ”(以乔·艾伦在1877年提出的“艾伦法则”命名的“艾伦法则”认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物有更大的附肢。)可知，温血动物在炎热的地方可能有更大的身体部位。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.”(由于任何进化适应都会带来权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远。例如，较大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量才能成长。)可知，动物的变化是有代价的。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. ”(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)以及全文大意，本文主要讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。Evolution to Survive Heat（在高温下生存的进化）符合题意。故选D项。
15.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟】
Nowadays mail delivery is a little different. I still get my mail from my mailbox. Nothing, but my neighbors’ mail. I thought that was curious.
I proceeded to take my neighbors’ mail to them. I was about to put the mail in their mailbox when a tall man came running out shouting about messing with his friend's mail. He snatched (夺过) the mail from my hand, opened the mailbox and pointed to the mail inside.“You were after this.
I shook my head, “No, believe me. I got this mail by mistake in my box today. I was just bringing it to them.” He gave me a funny look and went back into his house.
I got the knock on the door the next morning by two very polite officers. The annoyed tall man had phoned the police and told them I was a crazy old woman going around mixing up everyone's mail. Before I could finish telling them about what was going on, the officers had watched a dog approach my mailbox with mail in his mouth. He took out the mail that was in my box and put letters in. He pushed the door closed with his nose, picked up the new pile of mail he had gotten from my box, and repeated this all the way down the next street. We all started laughing.
The dog had belonged to a mail carrier who had died. No one thought to check (the carrier lived alone) on the man’s dog. The dog had been trained to put mail in and take mail out of the boxes. When he got loose, he assumed his duties.
I went by to talk to the annoyed tall man to fill him in on what had happened. He was very pleased when he realized I was not a mail thief. He did, however, adopt the little guy.
4．Why did the tall man give the author a funny look?
A．To show his disbelief. B．To express his curiosity.
C．To contain his annoyance. D．To hide his embarrassment.
5．How did the police officers discover the truth?
A．By analyzing the case. B．By witnessing the mix-up.
C．By questioning the author. D．By consulting the tall man.
6．According to the story, the dog
A．was well-trained and devoted B．used to live a lonely and busy life
C．was assigned to replace the carrier D．guarded the mail in the neighborhood
7．What’s the best title for the story?
A．A mail service B．A dog’s tale
C．Special delivery D．Noble duties
【答案】4．A5．B6．A7．C
【解析】文章为一篇记叙文，主要围绕我和邻居的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件乌龙事件。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“I shook my head, ‘No, believe me. I got this mail by mistake in my box today. I was just bringing it to them.’(我摇摇头，‘不，相信我。我今天不小心在邮箱里收到了这封邮件。我只是把它带给他们’)”，以及第四段第一、二句“I got the knock on the door the next morning by two very polite officers. The annoyed tall man had phoned the police and told them I was a crazy old woman going around mixing up everyone's mail.(第二天早上，我被两个非常有礼貌的警察敲了敲门。那个生气的高个子男人打电话给警察，说我是个疯婆)”,可知，那位男子不相信作者的解释，选择了报警。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Before I could finish telling them about what was going on, the officers had watched a dog approach my mailbox with mail in his mouth. He took out the mail that was in my box and put letters in. He pushed the door closed with his nose, picked up the new pile of mail he had gotten from my box, and repeated this all the way down the next street. (我还没来得及告诉他们发生了什么事，警察们就看到一只嘴里叼着邮件的狗走近了我的邮箱。它把我信箱里的信拿出来，把它带来的放了进去。它用鼻子把门关上，拿起从我的信箱里新收来的一堆信件，这样重复着这个做法，走到下一条街)”可知，警察在上门调查时撞见并亲眼目睹了那只狗取信件和放信件的全过程，由此发现了真相，故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The dog had belonged to a mail carrier who had died. No one thought to check (the carrier lived alone) on the man’s dog. The dog had been trained to put mail in and take mail out of the boxes. When he got loose, he assumed his duties.(这只狗的主人是一个已经去世的邮递员。没有人想到要检查一下这个人的狗。这条狗经过训练，能把邮件放进盒子里，把邮件取出来。当它未拴住的时候，它就履行自己的职责)”可知，这只狗受过训练会取放信件。在邮递员去世后，它依旧履行职责，可见它是一只训练有素且忠诚的狗，故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕我和邻居因为一封信件而产生的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件投递乌龙事件。中心主要围绕送信一事，故选C项。
16.【2022届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三五模】
Many of you may have used Siri, a voice assistant of US tech company Apple. You only have to say “hey Siri” and it will answer to your command. However, we may be sacrificing our privacy to enjoy this convenience.
According to a recent report by the Guardian, Siri can be accidentally triggered(触发) and start recording private conversations, such as discussions between doctors and patients. Some of these recordings are then given to workers outside the company to review. Apple claimed the data was used to help Siri improve, but users were not
informed of this measure in the first place.
Apple’s Siri is not the only voice assistant to come under fire. In 2018, Alexa, a voice assistant developed by US tech company Amazon, recorded a private conversation between a couple and sent it to a stranger without their permission.
These issues deepened concerns that tech companies are threatening users’ rights of privacy. Many people have long feared that tech companies are listening and collecting data from private conversations, reported Forbes. Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted advertisements, or even worse, sell this private data.
Despite this risk, the popularity of voice assistant seems to be unstoppable. According to a report by Ovum, a London-based research firm, there will be almost as many voice assistants on the planet as people by 2021. “In the near future, everything from your lighting to your air-conditioning to your refrigerator, your coffee maker, and even your toilet could be wired to a system controlled by voice,” commented The Atlantic. Colin Horgan wrote on the blog site Medium that he believed people’s daily lives will soon become a source of data. “The sounds of our homes, the symphony of life—laughing, crying, talking, shouting, sitting in silence—will no longer be considered memories, but data,” he wrote.
To deal with the issue, Blake Morgan, reporter for The Atlantic, believed that the answer is transparency. “All companies need to have messaging ready to explain to customers what they do with private data,” she wrote on The Atlantic.
Daniel Blair, CEO of a virtual reality startup in Canada, told CBC News that people can change settings and limit how often the device is active in your home, and do some research before buying a device.
4．Why are users worried about the use of the voice assistants?
A．The tech company didn’t tell the users how they work.
B．Their houses will be controlled by voice assistants.
C．The assistants will turn their daily lives into data.
D．Their private data may be collected and abused.
5．The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.
A．be on fire B．be criticized C．be praised D．be out of date
6．What should the companies do to protect the users’ privacy?
A．Inform the users of how they deal with the data.
B．Remove the assistants from the users’ devices.
C．Change the settings and limit the use of the assistants.
D．Do some research on whether the users like the assistants.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Voice assistant: a future fashion
B．Voice assistant: a private data defender
C．Voice assistant: a potential privacy threat
D．Voice assistant: an efficient house-keeper
【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语音助手会在用户不知情的情况下记录私人对话，从而导致用户隐私被收集和泄露。很多用户对语音助手的这种“威胁隐私”的行为存在担忧，而有关人士认为向用户解释私人数据是如何被处理的是保护用户隐私的方式；也有建议说人们可以改变设置，限制设备在家中的活跃频率，并在购买设备前进行一些调查。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Many people have long feared that tech companies are listening and collecting data from private conversations, reported Forbes. Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted advertisements, or even worse, sell this private data. (据《福布斯》报道，很多人一直担心科技公司会监听私人谈话并收集数据。利用这些数据，第三方公司可以准确地描绘出用户的习惯和偏好，以便为他们提供更有针对性的广告，甚至更糟的是，出售这些私人数据。)”可知，对于使用语音助手，人们存在的担忧是私人信息会被收集和滥用。故选D项。
5．词义猜测题。分析语境可知，“Apple’s Siri is not the only voice assistant(苹果的Siri并不是唯一的语音助手)”应是指后文举例提及的语音助手“Alexa”，根据后文“In 2018, Alexa, a voice assistant developed by US tech company Amazon, recorded a private conversation between a couple and sent it to a stranger without their permission.(2018年，美国科技公司亚马逊开发的语音助手Alexa在未经允许的情况下录下了一对夫妇的私人对话，并将其发送给了一个陌生人。)”的举例解释可知，语音助手Alexa在未经允许的情况下将私人对话转发给了其他人，这是错误，应该受到指责。由此可推知，划线短语“come under fire”应是“指责；批评”含义。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“To deal with the issue, Blake Morgan, reporter for The Atlantic, believed that the answer is transparency. ‘All companies need to have messaging ready to explain to customers what they do
with private data,’ she wrote on The Atlantic.(《大西洋月刊》记者Blake Morgan认为，解决这个问题的答案是透明。她在《大西洋月刊》上写道：“所有公司都需要准备好信息，向用户解释他们如何处理私人数据。”)”可知，根据Blake Morgan的说法，向用户解释私人数据是如何被处理的是公司保护用户隐私的方式。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章首段“However”句揭示了文章的核心话题，“However, we may be sacrificing our privacy to enjoy this convenience.(然而，我们可能会牺牲我们的隐私来享受这种便利。)”，即，文章主要讲述了以“语音助手有可能会使用户隐私被收集和泄露”这一话题展开了讨论。选项C“Voice assistant: a potential privacy threat(语音助手：潜在的隐私威胁)”贴合主题。故选C项。
17.【2022届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三五模】
We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.
Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What’s going on?
We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public ­health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.
In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public ­health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.
Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has become a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body ­conscious country.
We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.
Others blame good food. They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American­ style fast food.
Some also blame their parents—their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.
It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say—not as I do.
8．What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence?
A．The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.
B．Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.
C．WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.
D．Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.
9．Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?
A．A lot of effective diet pills are available.
B．Body image has nothing to do with good food.
C．They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
D．There are too many overweight people in the world.
10．The example of Finland is used to illustrate ________.
A．the cause of heart disease
B．the fashion of body shaping
C．the effectiveness of a campaign
D．the history of a body ­conscious country
11．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Actions or Excuses?
B．Overweight or Underweight?
C．WHO in a Dilemma
D．No Longer Dying of Hunger
【答案】8．A9．C10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了肥胖现在成了一个社会问题，给人们带来很多严重危害。但人们总是用各种借口来抱怨使自己肥胖的外部因素，而不去下决心解决肥胖问题。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句话“…more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.(……现在死于超重，或者说死于极度肥胖的人比死于体重不足的人要多。如今，更有可能杀死我们的是美好的生活。)”可知，第一句话中提到的“奇怪”的一点是，美好的生活比糟糕的生活更危险。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001(我们真的没有太多的借口来解释体重问题。自2001年以来，公共卫生运动一直在向我们灌输这个问题的危险性)”可知，作者认为人们没有理由肥胖，因为他们已经知道肥胖的危险了。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.( 在过去30年里，一项公共卫生运动使心脏病死亡人数大大减少了80%)”可知，作者提到芬兰是想证明这个活动的有效。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。文章讲述了肥胖现在成了一个社会问题，给人们带来很多严重危害。但人们总是用各种借口来抱怨使自己肥胖的外部因素，而不去下决心解决肥胖问题。所以文章最好的题目应该是：“行动或借口”。故选A。
18.【2022届湖南省岳阳市岳阳县高三下学期适应性考试】
The head of the Virgin Hyperloop (超级高铁) transport system says the company aims to begin carrying passengers by 2027.
The Virgin Hyperloop system is based on a technology called magnetic levitation (磁悬浮). It uses magnetic fields to lift a vehicle off the ground a little and to push it forward.
Some high-speed trains also use this technology. But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to operate within tubes containing very little air. Electric force moves vehicles, called pods, through the tubes at high speeds. The system offers nearly silent travel and reportedly releases no carbon emissions.
The system’s pods are designed to move at much higher speeds, up to 1,200 kilometers per hour. It says such a vehicle could complete a trip between New York and Washington, D．C．in 30 minutes. That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-speed train.
The pods will seat 28 passengers and could be specially designed to travel long or short distances, or to carry goods, the company said.
While the system is still in early development, it is predicted that commercial operations could start as early as 2027. Virgin Hyperloop is looking to first develop passenger systems in India, where the transport system is overcrowded, and in Saudi Arabia, which lacks infrastructure (基础设施).
It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains and airplanes did before. “It starts off with two people riding a Hyperloop. It ends with hundreds of millions of people riding on a Hyperloop and that’s what the 2020s—the roaring 2020s—will be,” he added.
Virgin Hyperloop has partners that include Virgin Group founder Richard Branson and the port operations company DP World, which is owned by the Dubai government.
12．What’s the difference between a Hyperloop and a high-speed train?
A．A Hyperloop runs in a space with little air.
B．A high-speed train travels at a higher speed.
C．A Hyperloop uses magnetic levitation technique.
D．A high-speed train is more environment-friendly.
13．What advantage of a Hyperloop does the author mention in paragraph 4?
A．Its size. B．Its speed. C．Its safety. D．Its service.
14．What does the author think of the Hyperloop system?
A．It will take a long time to improve. B．It will replace the traditional vehicles.
C．It will be a milestone for transportation. D．It is only suitable for countries with heavy traffic.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Clean Form of Transportation Is on the Horizon
B．Traditional Transportation Will Face Great Challenges
C．High Technology Brings Great Convenience to Travel
D．The Hyperloop Plans to Start Carrying Passengers by 2027
【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将在2027年开始载客运行的超级高铁因其最高速度达每小时1200公里而成为运输业的一个里程碑。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to operate within tubes containing very little air.(但与火车不同的是，超级高铁的设计是在空气含量极低的管道中运行)”可知，超级高铁在空气稀薄的空间里运行。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和第三句“The system’s pods are designed to move at much higher speeds, up to 1,200 kilometers per hour. ... That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-speed train.(该系统的车厢被设计得可以以更快的速度移动，最高可达每小时1200公里。……这将是喷气式飞机飞行速度的两倍，比高速火车快四倍)”可知，超级高铁的优点是它的速度。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains and airplanes did
before.(它可能是100年来第一种彻底改变旅行的交通工具，就像以前的汽车、火车和飞机一样)”可知，超级高铁系统将彻底改变人类的旅行方式，所以是运输业的一个里程碑。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The head of the Virgin Hyperloop (超级高铁) transport system says the company aims to begin carrying passengers by 2027.(Virgin超级高铁运输系统负责人表示，该公司的目标是在2027年开始运载乘客)”可知，本文介绍的主题为：2027年将载客运行的超级高铁计划。故选D项。
19.【2022届河南省豫南省级示范高中联盟高三下学期考前模拟四】
In ancient Greece, purslane herb (马齿苋) was regarded as an important medicinal herb for treatment of fever, female disorders, stomachaches, and headaches, and Hippoctrates, the famous father of medicine, practically tried it for the healing of wounds. Purslane herb was later considered as a cold herb around the 17th. Century.
Purslane is today known as a beneficial juicy herb found as a weed throughout the world. Purslane is commonly used as an ingredient for salads. Purslane has been recently identified as an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid (亚麻酸). Alpha-linolenic is a kind of an omega-3 fatty acid, also known as fish oil. This important content in purslane herb plays an important role in human growth, development and preventing disease. Modern medical research claims that purslane herb is five times richer in omega-3 fatty acids than another vegetable, and also is high in vitamin C．
Purslane has small, green leaves, which are usually delicate and juicy. The stem is round and smooth. Young plants have a green stem but as the plant matures the stems take on reddish colors. Flowers are 1/4 inch long and a brilliant yellow in color with 5 petals (花瓣), which contain round black seeds. Purslane herb presents a wide variety of medical uses and each part of the herb is beneficial. Purslane herb is widely used all over the world and here is its known benefit: Purslane is known as an excellent source of vitamins C and E and the essential alpha-linolenic acids.
Reports describe purslane as power food of the future because of its high value of nutrition and medicine. Purslane leaves contain Omega-3 fatty acids which regulate the metabolic (新陈代谢) activities of bodies. The stems of purslane herb are known to be high in vitamin C．Purslane-herb is known to have one of the best known concentrations of Omega-3 fatty acid.
4．In ancient Greece, Hippoctrates used purslane to treat ________.
A．Stomachaches B．Wounds C．Headaches D．Fever
5．Which is the correct description of purslane?
A．Its stems are round and strong.
B．Its leaves are big and green.
C．Its stems are red in color.
D．Its flowers are yellow in color.
6．Why is purslane considered as power food of the future?
A．Because its leaves are rich in vitamin C．
B．Because its stem contains Omega-3 fatty acids.
C．Because it is valuable in nutrition and medicine.
D．Because it regulates the metabolic activities of bodies.
7．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Purslane, a famous herb in the world
B．The basic knowledge about purslane
C．Purslane, a herb that benefits health
D．The medical research abut purslane
【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了马齿苋是一种有益健康的草药。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In ancient Greece, purslane herb (马齿苋) was regarded as an important medicinal herb for treatment of fever, female disorders, stomachaches, and headaches, and Hippoctrates, the famous father of medicine, practically tried it for the healing of wounds.(在古希腊，马齿苋被认为是治疗发烧、妇女病、胃痛、头痛的重要药材，著名的医学之父希波克拉底也曾尝试用马齿苋治疗伤口。)”可知，在古希腊，希波克拉底用马齿苋来治疗伤口。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Flowers are 1/4 inch long and a brilliant yellow in color with 5 petals (花瓣), which contain round black seeds.(花长1/4英寸，明亮的黄色，有5个花瓣，花瓣上有圆形的黑色种子。)”可知，马齿苋的花是黄色的。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Reports describe purslane as power food of the future because of its high value of nutrition and medicine.(报告将马齿苋描述为未来的能源食品，因为它具有很高的营养和药用价值。)”可知，马齿苋被认为是未来的能源食品，因为它在营养和医学上都很有价值。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Purslane has been recently identified as an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid (亚麻酸). Alpha-linolenic is a kind of an omega-3 fatty acid, also known as fish oil. This important content in purslane herb plays an important role in human growth, development and preventing disease. Modern medical research claims that purslane herb is five times richer in omega-3 fatty acids than another vegetable, and also is
high in vitamin C.(马齿苋最近被认为是一种极好的亚麻酸来源。亚麻酸是一种omega-3脂肪酸，也被称为鱼油。马齿苋中的这一重要成分对人类的生长发育和预防疾病具有重要作用。现代医学研究表明，马齿苋的omega-3脂肪酸含量是其他蔬菜的五倍，而且维生素C含量也很高。)”可知，文章讲述了马齿苋是一种有益健康的草药。故选C。
20.【2022届河南省新乡市高三第三次模拟】
Almost every human being loves their passions. There are so many ways to go after and build such passions. Some of these come easily and automatically, such as when we were young and everything was new. Those new things made our passions rise. That first day of school, seeing old friends and new friends, could be a quick and huge hit on the passion button.
In my book How to Ignite Your Passion for Living, I make the point that, from my experience, passion can start to fade a bit as we age. But, thankfully, passion can be manufactured. All you need to do is put something together in an unusual, better, or at least new-to-you way.
One of the keys to manufacturing passion is to set difficult goals and work towards them. I clearly remember when I was 27 years old, I set a goal of making $ 1 million for myself by the time I hit age 30. What a huge turn on that was for me. It really boosted my passion. I was one year late in hitting that goal, but having that huge and exciting goal really kept me and my passion going.
From about age 25, your brain produces less and less dopamine and serotonin, the hormones (荷尔蒙) that help you feel good and fan the flames of passion. Although a child’s body are full of these hormones, we need to work on stimulating our system to produce more of these hormones as we age. We can do this by eating the right foods, exercising, and, most importantly, setting the right goals that keep us going after them.
Passion for living comes and goes. Our big challenge then is to figure out what our passion is, what turns our lights on and gets us excited. When we figure that out, we can do it more and more. And it’s always a good idea to write down our goals that keep our passion going so it will stick in our brain, pushing us to go after the goals.
12．What can we know from the first paragraph?
A．The young are fond of something old. B．Human being can't live without passion.
C．Even a small thing can start our passion. D．Passions are easy to build but hard to keep.
13．What does the example in the third paragraph suggest?
A．Passion will become less as we age. B．Passion is something to make money.
C．Passion should start as young as possible. D．Passion is sometimes the product of a great goal.
14．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Our passion. B．Our challenge.
C．The goal. D．The idea.
15．What is best title for the text?
A．How to Set Goals B．How to Stimulate Passion
C．What Is Passion D．What Makes Passion
【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了激发激情的方法。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That first day of school, seeing old friends and new friends, could be a quick and huge hit on the passion button.( 开学的第一天，见到老朋友和新朋友，可能会迅速点燃你的激情。)”可推知，即使是一件小事也能激发我们的激情。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“One of the keys to manufacturing passion is to set difficult goals and work towards them.(制造激情的关键之一是设定困难的目标并为之努力。)”可知，文章提到作者在27岁时为自己设立在30岁的时候创造100万美元的净资产的目标，是为了表明激情有时候是伟大目标的产物。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据上文“And it’s always a good idea to write down our goals that keep our passion going(写下我们的目标总是一个好主意，这能让我们保持激情)”和下文“pushing us to go after the goals.(推动我们去追求目标。)”可知，此处表示“这样它就会留在我们的大脑里，推动我们去追求目标”，it指代上文中的单数名词“the passion”。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In my book How to Ignite Your Passion for Living, I make the point that, from my experience, passion can start to fade a bit as we age. But, thankfully, passion can be manufactured. All you need to do is put something together in an unusual, better, or at least new-to-you way.( 在我的书《如何点燃生活的激情》中，我指出，根据我的经验，激情会随着年龄的增长而逐渐消退。但幸运的是，激情是可以制造的。你所需要做的就是用一种不寻常的、更好的、或者至少对你来说新鲜的方式把一些东西放在一起。)”可知，文章主要讲述了如何激发激情。故选B。
21.【2022届河北省秦皇岛市高三4月联考（二模）】
Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.
Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients. In humans the sense of taste stems from multiple receptors (感受器) that are ready to make our brains aware of the nature of any possible
food we encounter. Sam lacks this sense of taste, but it has been trained on a database of ingredients gathered over 60 years at the company of Firmenich, a business with a perfume industry origin stretching back to 1895. Using a technique called machine learning, it has raced through examples of flavor combinations and has learnt its own definitions, maturing over 18 months into today's AI robot.
Eric Saracchi runs the digital side of Firmenich. “Flavors are more complex than perfumes,” he says, “and Sam had to understand what a strawberry is or how roasted beef hits the tongue, before finding matches between tastes and foodstuffs (食品).”
One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.
The machine rapidly gives an indication of how a flavor can be created and how much of an ingredient should be included. And Sam can hold the line between Saracchi's team of flavorists and public tastes, refereeing decisions when the flavorists’ view differs from that of a consumer group.
12．What does Sam do together with many flavorists?
A．It helps activate humans' tastes.
B．It mixes a series of flavors for guests.
C．It creates a database of ingredients.
D．It makes all kinds of foods very creative.
13．What is Saracchi's attitude towards the AI robot Sam?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful.
14．Where can you find the outstanding feature of an AI chef?
A．In paragraph 1. B．In paragraph 2. C．In paragraph 3. D．In paragraph 4.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Nicolas Maire Owns Some AI Assistant Chefs
B．Sam, the First AI Chef in the World
C．Why French Chefs Like AI Assistants
D．Why Chefs Are Turning to AI
【答案】12．B13．B14．D15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了厨师们利用人工智能机器人Sam来让食品的口味变得更加完美。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients.(山姆和一群调味师一起，为客户混合了大量的口味)”可知，Sam为顾客调配各种口味。和B项内容一致。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值)”可知，通过结合这里其他所有调味师的知识来增加了价值。所以Saracchi对AI厨师Sam的态度是积极的。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。 根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值)”可知，该段主要介绍了AI厨师Sam的突出的特点。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.( Nicolas Maire是一个具有多年经验的专业法国厨师的典范。为了让这些创新食物的味道更完美，梅尔请了一个新的助理厨师——人工智能机器人山姆)”可知,本文介绍梅尔有了机器人助理厨师,全文在分析机器人厨师的优势，厨师们利用机器人厨师来让食品的口味变得更加完美。AI厨师可以更快更好地调配出不同的美味，满足不同顾客的需求,这也是梅尔之所以使用机器人助理厨师的原因。由此可知，D项Why Chefs Are Turning to AI(为什么厨师正在转向使用AI机器人)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D项。
22.【2022届广西四市玉林市普通高中高三下学期4月教学质量监测】
A century ago, you needn’t travel far to find unique fruits or vegetables. Today, because of the widespread
adoption of industrial farming practices, about 90 per cent of North America’s fruit and vegetable varieties have disappeared. With that goes resilience (适应力) against pests and future weather patterns, not to mention delicious flavors. But a group of Canadians have taken crop diversity into their own gardening gloves.
The rescue mission started in the early 1980s with about 100 backyard gardeners from B．C, Ontario and Quebec. To keep their favorite varieties spreading, the gardeners decided to save and share their own seeds. Soon 1, 000 of these growers were mailing seeds across the country.
In 1995, these gardeners formed Seeds of Diversity, a nonprofit focused on preserving Canada’s botanical (植物的) heritage. A little over a decade later, the group founded the Canadian Seed Library to house each crop variety. The Seed Library now stocks (贮存) more than 2, 900 seed varieties, stored in a closet at the nonprofit’s office in downtown Waterloo.
To keep the library well stocked, Seeds of Diversity operates an adopt-a-seed program; members pay between S50 and S250 - the cost of full sponsorship - to introduce a specifc variety into the seed library forever. Under the program, volunteers sign up for spring growing, and tiny envelopes are mailed to each taker; the rarest seeds are sent to the most experienced gardeners. At the end of the growing season, packages of fresh seeds are shipped back to Waterloo for drying, weighing and testing, before going into storage.
Bob Wildfong, the executive director of the organization, considers the purple striped pole bean, an old Mennonite variety from the Waterloo area, his current favorite seed. He says the humble bean signifies something he’s found most beautiful about seed saving: the links between people and families. “I’m growing this Mennonite bean, and it’s not from my family, ” Wildfong says. “But now it’s part of my life, and I would like someone else to adopt it so it becomes part of their life, too. ”
12．What can we infer based on the first paragraph?
A．Fewer Canadians are doing gardening now.
B．Varied crops can better fight pests and bad weather.
C．Today’s fruits and vegetables are less healthy than before.
D．Industrial farming practices have increased crop diversity.
13．What do we know about Seeds of Diversity and the Canadian Seed Library?
A．The Canadian Seed Library was established in 1995.
B．Seeds of Diversity has members at home and abroad.
C．Seeds of Diversity makes money by charging its members.
D．The Canadian Seed Library is based in downtown Waterloo.
14．Which of the following statements is correct?
A．It costs the same to introduce different seeds into the library.
B．The volunteers of Seeds of Diversity can adopt any seed they want.
C．The growers dry, weigh and test the fresh seeds before storing them.
D．Seed sharing can strengthen personal connections between growers.
15．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Growing More Crops B．The Art of Gardening
C．Saving the Seeds D．The Beauty of Nature
【答案】12．B13．D14．D15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明为了保护植物多样性，加拿大园丁们在九十年代创立了加拿大种子库，并说明了种子库的运作方式，以及对种植者的影响。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, because of the widespread adoption of industrial farming practices, about 90 per cent of North America’s fruit and vegetable varieties have disappeared. With that goes resilience against pests and future weather patterns, not to mention delicious flavors. (如今，由于工业化农业的广泛采用，北美约90%的水果和蔬菜品种已经消失。同时，随之消失的还有抵抗害虫害和未来的天气的能力，味道就更不用提了。)”可知，农作物抵抗虫害和不良天气的能力随着物种多样性减少而消失，因此物种多样性能帮助农作物对抗害虫和不良天气。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Seed Library now stocks more than 2, 900 seed varieties, stored in a closet at the nonprofit’s office in downtown Waterloo. (种子库现在储存了2900多个种子品种，储存在滑铁卢市中心非营利组织办公室的一个壁橱里。)”可知，加拿大种子库坐落在滑铁卢市中心。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He says the humble bean signifies something he’s found most beautiful about seed saving: the links between people and families. “I’m growing this Mennonite bean, and it’s not from my family, ” Wildfong says. “But now it’s part of my life, and I would like someone else to adopt it so it becomes part of their life, too.”(他说，这些微小的豆子象征着他发现的关于保存种子的最美好的东西：保存人与家庭之间的联系。Wildfong说：“我现在种植的门诺派豆子，不是来自我的家人，但现在它已成为我生活的一部分，我希望其他人也能接受它，让它成为他们生活的一部分。”)”可知，种子分享加强了种植者们之间的关系。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To keep their favorite varieties spreading, the gardeners decided to save and share their own seeds. (为了让他们喜爱的品种继续传播，园丁们决定保存并分享自己的种子。)”，第三段“In 1995,
these gardeners formed Seeds of Diversity, a nonprofit focused on preserving Canada’s botanical heritage. A little over a decade later, the group founded the Canadian Seed Library to house each crop variety. (1995年，这些园丁成立了“多样性种子”，这是一家致力于保护加拿大植物遗产的非营利组织。十多年后，该组织建立了加拿大种子库，用来存放各种作物品种。)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是加拿大种植者们为了保护种子，成立了种子库，并说明了种子库的运作方式，以及对种植者的影响。所以短文的最佳标题为“挽救种子”。故选C项。
23.【2022届广西四市玉林市普通高中高三下学期4月教学质量监测】
To say that the face of aviation (航空) has changed beyond recognition over the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With about 500, 000 people in the air at any given time today, flying has become a much more accessible mode of transport than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying to wealthy passengers.
The inside of aircraft has changed dramatically too. Cabins (机舱) in the 1920s were loud and cold as planes were constructed of metal sheets that did not preserve heat.
While the very first scheduled commercial passenger service set off between Tampa, Finland and St Petersburg in 1914, it took until the 1920s for commercial fights to really gain ground. The lack of commercial activity in aviation was reflected in the state of world airports at the turn of the 1920s, with the vast majority simply being open dirt fields. Hydrogen- fuelled (以氢为燃料的) airships began to appear in the skies in large numbers after the close of the First World War in 1919, and it was with the help of these aviatic giants that world flying records were broken.
By 1929, the first round-the-world fight was completed by the German- made Graf Zeppelin, which took 12 days across four stages. Owing to repeated deadly accidents hydrogen-fuelled airships were soon phased out. 1922 saw the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic by two Portuguese pilots who flew from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in stages. It took them 79 days to complete the 5, 200-mile journey. Today, a direct flight takes just over nine hours.
COVID-19 saw commercial air traffic decline to record lows, but as travel picks up again the pressure over the future of air travel remains to be climate change. As environmentally conscious travellers look towards train or bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting to Sustainable (可持续的) Aviation Fuel.
8．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．Commercial flights gained ground in 1914.
B．The ticket for a flight is much more affordable now.
C．Planes used to be poorly constructed to save the cost.
D．Flying was a popular means of transport in the 1920s.
9．What docs the underlined words “phased out” in paragraph 4 probably mean? .
A．Improved. B．Cancelled. C．Used. D．Broken.
10．In which section of a magazine might this passage appear?
A．Travel. B．Technology. C．Environment. D．Entertainment
11．What’s the author’s writing purpose?
A．To advertise more accessible and sustainable flights.
B．To praise human beings’ great achievements in flying,
C．To introduce the development of the aviation industry.
D．To analyze the challenges faced by commercial flights.
【答案】8．B9．B10．A11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了航空业的发展过程。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“With about 500, 000 people in the air at any given time today, flying has become a much more accessible mode of transport than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying to wealthy passengers.(如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”可推知，飞机已经不再是富人专享的交通工具，机票的费用越来越低，越来越多的人可以支付机票的费用。故选B。
9．短语猜测题。根据“Owing to repeated deadly accidents(由于多次发生致命事故)”可知，由于多次发生致命事故，所以氢燃料飞机不久就被取消了，所以phase out的意思为“取消”。故选B。
10．文章出处题。根据第一段“To say that the face of aviation (航空) has changed beyond recognition over the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With about 500, 000 people in the air at any given time today, flying has become a much more accessible mode of transport than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying to wealthy passengers.(在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法。如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了航空的发展过程，而飞机是人们出行的交通方式，所以本篇文章最有可能出自杂志中有关旅游的部分。故选A。
11．目的意图题。根据第一段第一句话“To say that the face of aviation (航空) has changed beyond recognition over the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. (在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法)”以及最后一段最后一句话“As environmentally conscious travellers look towards train or bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting to Sustainable (可持续的) Aviation Fuel.(随着有环保意识的旅客将火车或公共汽车旅行视为替代品，航空公司已开始采取措施，如转向可持续航空燃料)”可知，本文主要的意图是介绍航空业的发展。故选C。
24.【2022届广西桂林市、梧州市高考联合调研】
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms (节奏) in female mice.
The body's circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips (下降) at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PER1 and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups “retained an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. "This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular (心血管) function by the circadian clock," the researchers wrote.
12．What does the new research find?
A．Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B．Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally.
C．Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D．A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
13．What role can circadian clock play according to the text?
A．Helping males cure heart disease.
B．Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C．Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D．Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
14．Which word can best replace the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 3?
A．treated. B．warned. C．kept. D．watched.
15．What would be a suitable title for the text?
A．One clock gene is important B．Women may benefit from body clock
C．New study analyzes blood pressure rhythms D．Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.”（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.”（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C项。                                                                 
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”
（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.”（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。                                           
25.【2022届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考】
Like many teenagers, I was once troubled by anxiety and dissatisfaction-feelings that my parents often met with puzzlement rather than sympathy. They were already in their 50s, and having grown up in postwar Britain, they struggled to understand the sources of my discontentment.
“The problem with your generation is that you always desire to be happy.” my mother once said. I was puzzled. Surely happiness was the purpose of living, and we should spare no efforts to achieve it at every opportunity. I simply wasn’t prepared to accept my unhappiness as something that was beyond my control.
But I have noticed a shift in thinking, and I am now coming to the conclusion that my mother’s judgement was spot on. Over the past 10 years, numerous studies have shown that our obsession (痴迷)with happiness and high personal confidence may be making us less content with our lives, and less effective at reaching our actual goals. Indeed, we may often be happy when we stop focusing on happiness altogether.
While greater contentment is achievable, don’t expect miracle, and accept that no matter how hard you try, feeling of frustration and unhappiness will appear from time to time. In reality, certain negative feelings can serve a useful purpose.
When we feel sad, it’s often because we have learned something painful but important, while stress can motivate you to make some changes to your life. The last thing you should do is to blame yourselves for occasionally feeling bad when plans don’t work out.
Eventually, you might adopt the old saying “Prepare for the worst, hope for the best and be unsurprised by everything in between.” As my mother tried to teach me all those years ago, ease the pressure off yourself. and you may find that contentment arrives when you’re least expecting it.
4．Which of the following best explants “spot on” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Confusing B．Correct C．Ridiculous D．Controversial
5．According to the passage, which of the following mainly leads to teenager’ unhappiness?
A．High expectations.
B．Low living-purposes.
C．Inadequate efforts.
D．Improper preparations.
6．Which of the following statements is the author most likely lo agree with?
A．Stress in your life will probably ruin your happiness and life.
B．Higher personal confidence makes us more satisfied with our life.
C．You needn’t be guilty of feeling awful since you may learn a lot from it.
D．If we try hard, feelings of frustration and unhappiness will disappear from our life.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we benefit from negative feelings?
B．Why it’s time to stop fighting for happiness?
C．How can we overcome our unhappiness?
D．Can we generation be happier than our parents?
【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者分享了自己对母亲的观点“年轻一代的问题在于总是期待快乐”，由疑惑到赞同的转变过程。作者还指出，负面情绪是生活必不可少的一部分，我们需要做的是放松心态，或许能在期待最少的时候获得最想要的满足。
4．词句猜测题。根据第二段“'The problem with your generation is that you always desire to be happy.' my mother once said. I was puzzled.(“你们这一代人的问题在于，你们总是渴望快乐。”我母亲曾经说。我很困惑。)”可知，作者当时并不赞同母亲的话。而根据前文“But I have noticed a shift in thinking”可知，作者的观念发生了改变，也就是作者认同了母亲的看法，觉得母亲的话是正确的。所以spot on为“正确的”之意。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Over the past 10 years, numerous studies have shown that our obsession (痴迷)with happiness and high personal confidence may be making us less content with our lives, and less effective at reaching our actual goals.(在过去的10年里，大量的研究表明，我们对幸福的痴迷和高度的个人自信可能会让我们对自己的生活不满意，也会降低我们实现实际目标的效率。)”以及第四段“While greater contentment is achievable, don’t expect miracle, and accept that no matter how hard you try, feeling of frustration and unhappiness will appear from time to time. (虽然更大的满足感是可以实现的，但不要期待奇迹，要接受无论你多么努力尝试，挫败感和不快感还是会时不时地出现。)”可推断，过高的期待会让我们不开心。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“When we feel sad, it’s often because we have learned something painful but
important, while stress can motivate you to make some changes to your life. The last thing you should do is to blame yourselves for occasionally feeling bad when plans don’t work out. (当我们感到悲伤时，通常是因为我们学到了一些痛苦但重要的东西，而压力可以激励你对你的生活做出一些改变。你最不应该做的事情就是当计划没有实现的时候，因为偶尔感觉不好而责备自己。)”可推断，作者认为我们无需内疚，因为我们从失败中学到了很多。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As my mother tried to teach me all those years ago, ease the pressure off yourself. and you may find that contentment arrives when you’re least expecting it.(就像我母亲多年前教我的那样，减轻自己的压力。你可能会发现满足感会在你最意想不到的时候到来。)”及全文可知，作者分享了自己对母亲的观点“年轻一代的问题在于总是期待快乐”，由疑惑到赞同的转变过程。作者还指出，负面情绪是生活必不可少的一部分，我们需要做的是放松心态，或许能在期待最少的时候获得最想要的满足。所以“Why it’s time to stop fighting for happiness?(为什么是时候停止为幸福而奋斗了?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
26.【2022届安徽省“皖南八校”高三下学期第三次联考】
What does it take to become an astronaut? It’s a question that’s been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s. In those days, pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals, so military fliers were first in line to go to space. More recently, people from a wide range of professional backgrounds - doctors, scientists, and even teachers- have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit. Even so, those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition. Each country’s space program has health requirements for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions. For example, a good candidate must have the ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness. All astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure. Beyond that, there is no age limit. Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident, risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking. They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.
Often, astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees, like Ph. Ds. Others have
military training or space industry expertise. Regardless of their background, once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space program, he or she goes through rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
12．Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut?
A．Normal blood pressure. B．Good eyesight.
C．Tough body. D．Young age
13．According to the passage, an astronaut is one who
A．is strong and healthy. B．has self-confidence
C．can work under great pressure D．All of the above.
14．Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties?
A．To make them famous among people.
B．To relieve their feeling of tension.
C．To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D．To promote public interest in the aerospace.
15．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Everyone Can be an Astronaut
B．The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C．Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D．It’s not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
【答案】12．D13．D14．C15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Beyond that, there is no age limit. Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.”(除此之外，没有年龄限制。大多数受训宇航员的年龄在25岁至46岁之间，尽管年纪较大的人也曾在职业生涯后期飞向太空。)可知，成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制，甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞向过太空，可知相比其他条件，年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition. Each country’s space program has health requirements for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.”
(想成为宇航员的人必须有最好的身体条件。每个国家的太空计划都对太空旅行者有健康要求。他们通常会评估应聘者是否适合承受一些相当恶劣的条件。)可知，宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体；根据第三段“People who go to space are usually self-confident, risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking.”(去太空的人通常都很自信，敢于冒险，擅长压力管理和多任务处理。)可知，宇航员充满自信且能承受高压；综合以上信息，要选D项。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段|“They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.|”(他们还需要能够作为团队的一员完成任何给定的任务。在地球上，宇航员通常需要履行各种公共关系的职责。比如向公众讲话，与其他专业人士合作，有时甚至在政府官员面前作证。所以，能与不同类型的人相处融洽的宇航员被视为有价值的团队成员。)可知，宇航员被要求履行公共职责是锻炼他们的团队合作能力，提高他们的团队合作意识，使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。文章第一句“What does it take to become an astronaut? ”(怎样才能成为一名宇航员？)以设问的方式引起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质，包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等，所以B选项“宇航员的职业素质”概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选B项。
27.【2022届黑龙江省大庆市高三年级下学期第三次教学质量检测】
A mysterious killer has been destroying sea stars. Scientists had thought an infection was to blame. A new study does point to bacteria as the killer. But the bacteria appear to make those sea stars unable to breathe, not infect them.
In 2013, a disease known as sea-star wasting broke out off the U.S. Pacific Coast and the sea stars there died in massive numbers. “It is hard to figure out the complex disease,” says Ian Hewson, a marine biologist at Cornell University. First, Hewson and his group found a virus in unhealthy sea stars in 2014, but later studies found no connection between it and sea-star deaths. They then explored other factors, such as differences in water temperature. They also tried exposing the animals to bacteria. But nothing reliably caused the wasting disease.
However, when comparing bacteria living with healthy sea stars with those living with unhealthy animals, the scientists found higher levels of certain types of bacteria around sick sea stars. Some bacteria were copiotrophs, which grow rapidly in areas with lots of nutrients (营养). And some were the bacteria that survive only in environments with little to no oxygen.
To re-create these conditions in the lab, the researchers added nutrients to stimulate bacterial growth in the tubs with sea stars. Sure enough, the animals got sick. When they reduced the oxygen in the water, similarly, it
caused wounds in three out of every four sea stars. However, no sea star getting normal oxygen levels got sick. The study shows that copiotrophs are stealing oxygen from the water, causing sea-star wasting. Dying sea stars produce more nutrients, which may help bacteria to grow on nearby animals. “It’s a bit of a snowball effect.” Hewson says.
“The problem may worsen with climate change, because warmer waters can hold less oxygen than colder waters. Bacteria such as copiotrophs also grow rapidly in warm water. But knowing the likely cause could help experts better treat sick sea stars,” Hewson says.
8．What can we learn about sea-star wasting disease?
A．Bacteria are connected with the disease. B．An infection is the cause of the disease.
C．Higher temperature can help treat the disease. D．Exposing starfish to bacteria can cure the disease.
9．Which of the following statements is wrong according to the text?
A．They put nutrients into the tubs to help bacteria to grow rapidly.
B．They reduced the oxygen in the water to see what would happen.
C．They compared copiotrophs with the bacteria living without oxygen.
D．They observed the bacteria living with healthy and unhealthy sea stars.
10．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The disease can greatly affect the ocean environment. B．Dying sea stars can help bacteria to cause more death.
C．The death of sea stars makes climate change get worse. D．The effect of sea star wasting is as small as a snowball.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．A mysterious virus is causing sea stars unable to breathe
B．Bacteria are stealing oxygen from water and killing sea stars
C．Dying sea stars become a big concern for marine biologists
D．Climate change makes it more difficult for sea stars to survive
【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科学家发现有神秘的杀手正在摧毁海星，经过科学家多次的实验，最后得出结论：细菌正在从水中窃取氧气并杀死海星。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study does point to bacteria as the killer. But the bacteria appear to make those sea stars unable to breathe, not infect
them.(一项新的研究确实指出细菌是杀手。但这些细菌似乎使这些海星无法呼吸，而不是感染它们)”可知，细菌与海星疾病有关。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, when comparing bacteria living with healthy sea stars with those living with unhealthy animals, the scientists found higher levels of certain types of bacteria around sick sea stars.(然而，当比较与健康海星共存的细菌与不健康动物共存的细菌时，科学家们发现，患病海星周围某些类型的细菌含量更高)”可知，“他们比较了共生菌和无氧细菌”的陈述与原文不符，是错误的。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词前文“Dying sea stars produce more nutrients, which may help bacteria to grow on nearby animals. “It’s a bit of a snowball effect.”(濒临死亡的海星会产生更多的营养物质，这可能有助于细菌在附近的动物身上生长。“这有点像滚雪球效应。”)”可知，“这有点像滚雪球效应。”指垂死的海星会让细菌在附近的动物身上生长，从而造成更多海星的死亡。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study does point to bacteria as the killer. But the bacteria appear to make those sea stars unable to breathe, not infect them.(一项新的研究确实指出细菌是杀手。但这些细菌似乎使这些海星无法呼吸，而不是感染它们)”以及最后一段“Bacteria such as copiotrophs also grow rapidly in warm water. But knowing the likely cause could help experts better treat sick sea stars(诸如共营养体之类的细菌也在温水中快速生长。但了解可能的原因可以帮助专家更好地治疗患病的海星)”可知，文章主要讲述了细菌正在从水中窃取氧气并杀死海星。由此可知，Bacteria are stealing oxygen from water and killing sea stars适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
28.【2022届云南省第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测】
A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting to the heirs (继承人) of a German Jewish couple who had their property (财产) stolen by the Nazi regime before World War II.
‘Blumenstilleben’ (Still Life with Flowers)painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth, was among dozens of artworks stolen by the Nazis from Gustav and Emma Mayer. The couple fled Frankfurt to Belgium in 1938, and later settled in the UK.
After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Belgium’s Royal Museums of Fine Arts. The authorities at the time failed to establish the original owner.
In 2008, the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting, after which it was eventually contacted by a lawyer representing the grandchildren of the Mayers. The Belgian government promised to return the artwork to the couple’s grandchildren last year. Museum workers finally took down the painting on Thursday and wheeled it off to be delivered to the family.
“They are very happy. I’m sure it’s a very emotional moment for them,” lawyer Imke Gielen said, as quoted
by Ouest-France.
Museum Director Michel Draguet said, “I think it’s really important for the museum to show that we have an ethic (道德)and we are dealing with history.”
Last month, the French parliament approved the return of 15 paintings, including Gustav Klimt’s ‘Rosiers sous les arbres’(Rose Bushes under the Trees)and Marc Chagall’s ‘Le Pere’(The Father), to the heirs of Jewish families who had their property looted (掠夺)by the Nazis.
4．How did the museum find the owners of the painting?
A．By publicizing the search.
B．By consulting history experts.
C．By checking relevant documents.
D．By contacting local lawyers.
5．What did Michel Draguet think about returning the painting?
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was emotional.
C．It was unforgettable.
D．It was rightful.
6．Which painting shows flowers in a vase, as mentioned in the text?
A．Blumenstilleben.
B．Rosiers sous les arbres.
C．Le Pere.
D．Les Nympheas.
7．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Should Stolen Treasures Be Returned to Original Owners?
B．Is It Legal to Keep German Nazi Property in Museums?
C．Museum Returns Painting Looted by Nazis Many Years Ago
D．In Search of Artworks Lost During World War II
【答案】4．A5．D6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了比利时一家博物馆归还纳粹多年前掠夺的画作。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In 2008, the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting,
after which it was eventually contacted by a lawyer representing the grandchildren of the Mayers. (2008年，博物馆要求公众提供关于这幅画的信息，之后，一名代表梅耶夫妇孙辈的律师最终联系了博物馆)”可知，通过公开搜寻，博物馆找到了这幅画的主人。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Museum Director Michel Draguet said, “I think it’s really important for the museum to show that we have an ethic (道德) and we are dealing with history.” (博物馆馆长Michel Draguet说：“我认为博物馆展示我们的道德观非常重要，而且我们正在处理历史问题。”)”推知，Michel Draguet认为把画归还给它的主人是正确是行为，因为这表现出了道德。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的“‘Blumenstilleben’ (Still Life with Flowers) painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth (1913年德国画家Lovis Corinth创作的Blumenstilleben，也叫《花与静物》)”和第三段的“After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Belgium’s Royal Museums of Fine Arts. (战后，这幅蓝色花瓶中的粉色花朵的画在比利时皇家美术馆展出)”可知，Blumenstilleben展示了装在花瓶里的花。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting to the heirs (继承人) of a German Jewish couple who had their property (财产) stolen by the Nazi regime before World War II. (比利时一家美术馆将一幅画归还给一对德国犹太夫妇的继承人，他们的财产在二战前被纳粹政权偷走)”可知，文章主要介绍了比利时一家博物馆归还纳粹多年前掠夺的画作。由此可知，C项“博物馆归还纳粹多年前掠夺的画作”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
29.【2022届宁夏银川市高三质量检测（一模）】
The deep, dark sea is a surprising area. Down there, it’s normal to happen on unheard-of never-seen-before animals and their interesting behavior. Sometimes, sources for precious new medicines are collected—and many more are almost certainly waiting to be discovered.
What marine scientists didn't expect to find, however, was a three-foot-long tusk (长牙) from an extinct mammoth (猛犸象) about 10, 000 feet beneath the ocean. Researchers collected the sample off the California coast in July 2021. “You start to expect the unexpected when exploring the deep sea, but I’m still stunned that we came on the ancient tusk of a mammoth,” Steven Haddock, a marine scientist at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, said in a statement.
Columbian mammoths, giant ice age mammals that stood some 14 feet tall, marched around what is now California as recently as some 11, 000 years ago. Paleontologists (古生物学者) are still pulling their well-preserved bones out of tar in Los Angeles. How did a tusk find its way to the deep sea? It’s unknown, and
likely will remain unknown. But land-dwelling creatures are sometimes washed out into deeper ocean regions, perhaps during great floods.
The intense cold and pressure in the deep sea excellently preserved the tusk. The research team plans to examine the fossil carefully and even determine the long-dead creature’s age. They suspect it’s over 100,000 years old.
“This deep-sea environment is different from those we have seen elsewhere,” mammoth paleontologist Daniel Fisher said in a statement, noting that most mammoth finds in the ocean are in much shallower waters.
“We know so little about the deep ocean that pretty much anyone can find something new if they were doing something unique down there,” Alan Leonardi, the director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, told Mashable last year.
8．What made scientists feel unexpected about the deep sea?
A．The sources for valuable medicines.
B．The finding of an ivory from a mammoth.
C．There are many never-seen-before animals.
D．There used to be a mammoth in the deep ocean.
9．What does the underlined word “stunned” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Shocked. B．Interested.
C．Devoted. D．Curious.
10．Why was the tusk of the mammoth preserved well?
A．Because there was no creatures’ disturbance.
B．Because of the effort made by the research team.
C．Because of the extreme environment in the deep sea.
D．Because the tusk had stayed under sea for a short time.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．The research of the deep sea
B．The importance of exploring the deep sea was interesting
C．Scientists found a mammoth tusk in the deep sea
D．The meaning of finding a mammoth tusk in the deep sea
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．C
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了科学家在深海发现了已灭绝了的猛犸象的牙齿，牙齿保存得完好。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What marine scientists didn’t expect to find, however, was a three-foot-long tusk (长牙) from an extinct mammoth (猛犸象) about 10, 000 feet beneath the ocean. (然而，海洋科学家在海底10000英尺意外发现了已灭绝了的猛犸象的长牙，这颗牙长达3英尺长。)”可知，关于深海，科学家对于发现了猛犸象的牙齿感到意外，故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段““You start to expect the unexpected when exploring the deep sea, but I'm still stunned that we came on the ancient tusk of a mam-moth,” Steven Haddock, a marine scientist at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, said in a statement.(Steven Haddock，一个海洋科学家在一次发言中说道：‘当探索深海时，你开始期盼出人意料的东西，但是当我们遇到了猛犸象的牙齿时，我仍然很惊讶’。)”可知，根据此句中的but表示转折，前文说探索深海，的确是去探索一些出乎意料的东西，后文转折，但是看到牙齿时，仍然很惊讶，故stunned与shocked意思相近，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The intense cold and pressure in the deep sea excellently preserved the tusk.（深海的极冷以及压力将牙齿保存得好。）”可知，猛犸象的牙齿保存得很好是因为深海里的极端环境，故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“What marine scientists didn’t expect to find, however, was a three-foot-long tusk (长牙) from an extinct mammoth (猛犸象) about 10, 000 feet beneath the ocean.(然而，海洋科学家在海底10000英尺意外发现了已灭绝了的猛犸象的长牙，这颗牙长达3英尺长。)”可知，本文围绕着这一件事讲述了发现的过程，分析了保存得很好的原因等，故C项“科学家在深海发现了一颗猛犸象的牙齿”符合本文标题，故选C。
30.【新疆阿勒泰地区2021-2022学年高三第三次联考】
Have you got any gadgets hanging around your home that you no longer want or use? Between us, we have millions of bits of tech stockpiled in drawers that could be given a new lease of life.
Part of the problem for our unloved gadgets is that many become obsolete quickly because their software doesn’t get updated. Other items are left unused because they’re broken or they’ve become replaced by a fancy new version. Many of these items are electronics, but despite them appearing to be past their sell-by date, they don’t need to end up in landfill. And here are some tips for you to make the most of our unwanted gadgets.
Recycling is the obvious solution
Materials used to make them can be extracted and reused in other things. As an example, Elisabeth Ratcliffe from the Royal Society of Chemistry told the BBC: “There are about thirty different elements just in a smartphone,
and many of them are very rare. ” These can be used in touch screens and solar panels.
Repairing is the best approach
Probably the best approach to our throwaway culture is to repair our broken tech. This takes patience and skill, which can be learnt at repair clubs and repair cafés—free meeting places where you’ ll find tools and materials to help you make any repairs you need. In the UK, the interest in mending our stuff and giving it a new life is reflected by the popularity of a TV series called The Repair Shop, where craftspeople rescue and resurrect items their owners thought were beyond saving.
Upcycle is a final option
You can breathe new life into unwanted stuff by transforming it into valuable pieces or collectable retro items. These could be sold on, meaning you can make some cash from your junk and create much needed space in your home!
1．Which of the following isn’t the reason for the problems of unwanted gadgets?
A．Their software doesn’t get upgraded B．They are substituted with senior versions
C．They need to end up in landfill D．They may have passed sell-by date
2．In which way can you make some profit from dealing with thrown-away gadgets?
A．Recycle them B．Repair them C．Upcycle them D．Reuse them
3．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to make our gadgets last longer
B．How to protect environment better
C．The ways to use gadgets effectively
D．The problems of unwanted gadgets
【答案】1．C2．C3．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述废旧电子设备存在的问题，以及由此提出三种方式来延长它们的使用寿命。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many of these items are electronics, but despite them appearing to be past their sell-by date, they don’t need to end up in landfill.(这些物品中有许多是电子产品，但尽管它们似乎已经过了保质期，但它们并不需要最终被扔进垃圾填埋场。)”可知，这些旧的电子设备虽然过时，但不一定需要丢到垃圾堆里，因此这不是不需要的小工具出现问题的原因，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can breathe new life into unwanted stuff by transforming it into valuable pieces
or collectable retro items. These could be sold on, meaning you can make some cash from your junk and create much needed space in your home!(你可以把你不想要的东西变成有价值的东西或有收藏价值的复古物品。这些可以出售，这意味着你可以从你的垃圾中赚一些钱，并在你的家里创造很多需要的空间！)”可知，你可以通过升级改造你不想要的东西来获利，故选C。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Many of these items are electronics, but despite them appearing to be past their sell-by date, they don’t need to end up in landfill. And here are some tips for you to make the most of our unwanted gadgets.(这些物品中有许多是电子产品，但尽管它们似乎已经过了保质期，但它们并不需要最终被扔进垃圾填埋场。这里有一些建议，可以帮助你最大限度地利用我们不需要的电子产品。)”可知，本文主要讲述废旧电子设备可以通过三种方式延长使用时间，因此最好的题目是A选项“How to make our gadgets last longer(如何让我们的小玩意更耐用)”，故选A。
31.【新疆阿勒泰地区2021-2022学年高三第三次联考】
Are you a movie-goer? If, like me, you’ re a fan of film, then there’s no better place to watch something than on the big screen at the cinema. You enter the dark auditorium and take your seat, ready to be entertained. But while you enjoy yourself in some movie magic, many others are now getting their film fix at home.
Over the last few years, cinemas have seen a revival. Customers have been attracted by comfortable seats, and lots of choices of things to watch. Multiplexes in particular can screen up to twenty films at the same time, catering for all different tastes. In addition, 3D and even 4D movies can give the audience an extra immersive experience.
So, why are people reluctant to make a trip to the cinema? One answer to that question is its lack of convenience. Rather than going out, it’s so much easier to stay in and watch an action movie on a high-definition TV screen via a streaming service such as Netflix or Amazon Prime. There’s plenty of choice, and it’s relatively cheap as well. But, personally, I find there are too many distractions, and watching at home is not such an event. I miss the trailers too!
But the corona-virus pandemic has put the future of cinemas under the spotlight. Some have had to close because of reduced ticket sales. And in the UK，it’s brought about a boom in TV watching and online streaming，according to media watchdog, Of com. It also found that half of UK adults will keep and continue using their new streaming subscriptions.
This isn’t great news for cinemas. The rely on the release of a big blockbuster to bring the crowds back, but the launch of new films, such as James Bond: No Time To Die, are being delayed. And Disney has released its $200m blockbuster, Mulan, online instead of in movie theatres. But John Fithian, from the National Association of
Theatre Owners, told Variety magazine: “This idea of waiting out the pandemic to make your movies more profitable doesn’t make sense to me. There won’t be as much of an industry left to play your movies in if you do that. ”
8．Why does the author ask such a question in the first paragraph?
A．To show the challenge cinemas are facing
B．To describe how popular movies are
C．To share some personal preference
D．To introduce the topic of the passage
9．What service have cinemas rarely provided to the consumers over the past few years?
A．Some cozy seats to enjoy B．Multiple optional movies to watch
C．An extra immersive experience D．Much convenience and low cost.
10．What may not be a barrier for the development of cinemas according to the passage?
A．The release of some blockbusters is put off or shown on line.
B．The corona-virus pandemic has led to less ticket sales even some cinemas’ bankrupt.
C．Multiplexes can screen up to films of different styles at the same time.
D．TV watching and online streaming are gaining more popularity
11．What’s the author’s attitude to the future of cinemas?
A．Optimistic. B．Objective. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent.
【答案】8．D9．D10．C11．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍电影院的未来会如何？随着在线收看的兴起和新冠防疫限制的影响，很多影院表示他们在赔钱，有些甚至不得不选择关门大吉。电影院的未来会是什么样的？我们如何才能保护影院不会消失？
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“If, like me, you’ re a fan of film, then there’s no better place to watch something than on the big screen at the cinema. You enter the dark auditorium and take your seat, ready to be entertained. But while you enjoy yourself in some movie magic, many others are now getting their film fix at home.(如果你像我一样是一个电影迷，那么没有什么地方比电影院的大屏幕上看东西更好了。你走进黑暗的礼堂，坐好，准备接受快乐。但是，当你在电影魔力中享受自己的时候，很多人现在在家就可以搞定他们的电影。)”以及下文内容阐述电影的现状和为了可推断，第一段作者分享自己的个人经历和其它人的喜好，是为了引出本文的话题，电影的现状和未来。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Customers have been attracted by comfortable seats, and lots of choices of things to watch. Multiplexes in particular can screen up to twenty films at the same time, catering for all different tastes. In addition, 3D and even 4D movies can give the audience an extra immersive experience.(舒适的座椅和可供选择的观看项目吸引了顾客。特别是多厅影院，可以同时放映20部电影，满足各种口味。此外，3D甚至4D电影可以给观众带来额外的身临其境的体验。)”可知，电影院能提供舒适的座位、多样化的选择、3D浸入式的体验，同时结合第三段“One answer to that question is its lack of convenience. Rather than going out, it’s so much easier to stay in and watch an action movie on a high-definition TV screen via a streaming service such as Netflix or Amazon Prime. There’s plenty of choice, and it’s relatively cheap as well.(比起外出，待在家里通过Netflix或Amazon Prime等流媒体服务在高清电视屏幕上看动作片要容易得多。有很多选择，而且也相对便宜。)”可知，电影院之所以没有成为大众首选主要是因为其票价相对高、缺乏便利性。所以，电影院不能为观众提供的是便利性和低消费。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“The rely on the release of a big blockbuster to bring the crowds back, but the launch of new films, such as James Bond: No Time To Die, are being delayed. And Disney has released its $200m blockbuster, Mulan, online instead of in movie theatres. But John Fithian, from the National Association of Theatre Owners, told Variety magazine: “This idea of waiting out the pandemic to make your movies more profitable doesn’t make sense to me. There won’t be as much of an industry left to play your movies in if you do that. ”(人们依靠大片的上映来吸引观众，但新电影的上映却被推迟了，比如《007:无暇赴死》。迪斯尼公司已经在网上而不是电影院发行了价值2亿美元的大片《花木兰》。但美国影院业主协会的约翰·菲西安告诉《综艺》杂志:“这种等待疫情结束让电影更赚钱的想法对我来说没有意义。如果你这样做，就不会有那么多的行业可以播放你的电影了。”)”可知，电影院售票因疫情影响剧减、部分大片发行延期、以及网络电影倍受推崇，这些都是电影院发展的障碍。而C选项多样性选择以满足不同观影需求是有利于电影院的发展。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“But the corona-virus pandemic has put the future of cinemas under the spotlight. Some have had to close because of reduced ticket sales. And in the UK，it’s brought about a boom in TV watching and online streaming，according to media watchdog, Of com. It also found that half of UK adults will keep and continue using their new streaming subscriptions.(但新冠肺炎疫情使电影院的未来成为人们关注的焦点。由于门票销售减少，一些场馆不得不关闭。据媒体监督机构Of com称，在英国，它带来了观看电视和在线流媒体的繁荣。调查还发现，一半的英国成年人会继续使用他们新订阅的流媒体服务。)”和第五段“This isn’t great news for cinemas.(这对电影院来说不是什么好消息。)”及全文内容可知，作者客观地论述了电影院未来发展的利和弊，所以作者持客观态度。故选B。
32.【2022届湖南省雅礼十六校高三第二次大联考】
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words,” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.
4．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
5．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A．Slow to understand. B．Quick to learn. C．At a loss. D．In a panic.
6．What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.
B．Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.
【答案】4．D5．C6．B7．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“ ‘We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words,’said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary.”（匈牙利Eötvös Loránd大学的研究员Claudia Fugazza说:“我们想知道这些有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。）可知研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段“In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.”（事实上，当给它们一个同样的新名字来测试它们通过名字识别玩具的能力时，狗完全困惑了，并失败了。）可知，在第一种环境下狗非常的困惑。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times.”（另一种情况是社会性的，在这种情况下，狗狗和它们的主人一起玩耍，主人在和狗狗玩耍的同时念出了玩具的名字。结果证明，即使只听了4次，狗狗也能成功地记住玩具的名字。）可推出，在社会性条件下可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.”
（想知道狗狗能不能学会新单词吗?是的，研究人员称，因为他们发现，聪明的狗狗可能只听四次就能掌握新单词。）以及文章中的案例，可知本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
33.【湖北省部分重点中学2021-2022学年高三4月联考】
A TRAIN operator from Britain has made travelling more enjoyable — by hosting live yoga classes during journeys.
Heathrow Express passengers travelling on October 13 were treated to sessions with yoga influencer Celest Pereira, who has developed a 12-minute seat-yoga and meditation session to help travellers relax.
The class has been developed so travellers of all ages and abilities can perform the exercises safely from their seats — and it’s believed to be the first time a yoga class has taken place on a moving train and it received fabulous feedbacks.
To get passengers in the right stage of mind, the “Tranquil Train” carriage hosting the sessions was decorated with fresh eucalyptus (桉树叶) and lavender (薰衣草) to fill the carriage with calming fragrances, as a consequence of which the passengers might feel much more light-hearted.
The initiative was launched after a study also conducted by Heathrow Express found more than half of public transport users find travel stressful following the Covid-19 pandemic.
Celest Pereira said, “Travelling can get people very unsettled. As there’s lots going on, lots of things to think about, and it’s very deadline driven so it can be a very intense experience.” By hosting these classes we’re hoping to relieve those pressures and help passengers be in the present moment, feel less overwhelmed and relieve any muscle tension. Moreover, these kind of classes are likely to produce prized memories.
The surveyed adults also identified the most frustrating aspects of travel — including delayed departures, big crowds, noisy environment as well as dull waits. They revealed that more quiet carriages, more reserved seats, free snacks or refreshments plus reserved places for luggage and onboard entertainment contributed to taking mind off worrying things. These researches will make a big difference to a better travel experience.
8．What inspired Heathrow Express to host live yoga class during journeys?
A．Yoga classes enjoy popularity in public transport.
B．The calming atmosphere in carriages makes people dance.
C．Public transport users often feel lighthearted when traveling.
D．Over half of public transport users surveyed find travelling stressful.
9．What does the underlined word “overwhelmed” in paragraph 6 mean?
A．Overdue. B．Overjoyed. C．Overcome. D．Overestimated.
10．Which of the following can reduce people’s worry according to the study?
A．The entertainment on the train. B．Lower noise in the carriages.
C．Seats free of charge. D．Overcrowded departures.
11．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Elements to people’s worry aboard B．Unsettling travels and live yoga classes
C．Ways to release traveler’s concerns D．Live anti-pressure yoga classes aboard
【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火车抗压新方法——瑜伽。
8．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The initiative was launched after a study also conducted by Heathrow Express found more than half of public transport users find travel stressful following the Covid-19 pandemic.(希思罗机场快车公司开展的一项研究发现，在Covid-19大流行后，超过一半的公共交通用户发现旅行压力大)”可知，在接受调查的公共交通用户中，超过一半的人觉得旅行很有压力，因此启发了希思罗捷运在旅途中举办现场瑜伽课，故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“By hosting these classes we’re hoping to relieve those pressures and help passengers be in the present moment(通过举办这些课程，我们希望缓解这些压力，帮助乘客活在当下)”可知，这些课程能缓解这些压力，让人们感觉不那么不知所措，缓解肌肉紧张。由此推知，划线词overwhelmed意为“有压力的，受不了的”的意思，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They revealed that more quiet carriages, more reserved seats, free snacks or refreshments plus reserved places for luggage and onboard entertainment contributed to taking mind off worrying things.(他们发现，更安静的车厢、更多的预留座位、免费零食或茶点，以及为行李和机上娱乐预留的位置，有助于转移人们的注意力)”可知，火车上的娱乐能减少人们的担忧，故选A。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中“A TRAIN operator from Britain has made travelling more enjoyable — by hosting live yoga classes during journeys.(英国一家火车运营商让旅行变得更愉快——在旅途中举办现场瑜伽课)”可知，本文主要介绍了火车上抗压瑜伽课程，故选D。
34.【江苏省南通如皋市2022届高三4月第二次适应性考试】
As I put down the exercise equipment, my brain tries to focus on what my trainer has said.
“Describe that to me,” asked Rob. He is looking for an answer that required me to connect my brain to my body.
Yes, I know. My brain is connected to my body — the thing that has been carrying my head around for the last
56 years. Since completing my undergraduate degree I have been increasingly immobilized by my working life. Sitting still at a desk, staring at a screen, it’s mostly through my fingers that I connect to my brain.
“I felt great,” I reply. “I could feel it in my back.” Rob is quick to encourage and set up more weight. Then cheerfully he’ll say “okay, next set.”
Every accomplishment in my life has been centered in my head — grades, degrees, promotions, published papers and teaching. But on reflection, I wasn’t paying much attention to my body.
Weightlifting is different. Rob is a trainer and manager at my local gym, my guide in helping me with a single goal — get strong. Despite my age, size and beginner status, Rob has made me feel safe. He is always close by, watching and posing questions. Like “where did you feel that?” or the more general request, “Describe that for me.”
Early on I took these as rote (机械性流程) pleasantries (客套话). Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers. Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection. Gradually, I started thinking my way back into my body. Not my body as a whole but as individual, connections to newly identified places. Intentionally. Specifically. Magically. It’s surprisingly difficult.
I am five months into a new way of living with this 56-year-old body. It talks to me in a tally different way now. It reminds me of my capabilities, my muscles calling me to move, demanding to be challenged. And I long to continue this dialogue so that I’m ready the next time Rob says: “Describe that to me.”
12．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．The author is allergic to exercise.
B．The author has been living an active life.
C．The author doesn’t understand the trainer.
D．The author’s fingers may be flexible.
13．Why did Rob ask the author to describe what she felt?
A．To help her release pressure.
B．To help her feel her muscles working.
C．To keep her focused on work.
D．To stop the embarrassing atmosphere.
14．What does the last sentence imply?
A．The author’s gratitude to Rob.
B．The author’s solid determination.
C．The author’s recommendation to readers.
D．The author’s confusion about weightlifting.
15．Which of the following may be a suitable title of the passage?
A．A brand-new lifestyle.
B．An effective way of exercise.
C．Weightlifting: my favorite exercise.
D．Keeping muscles connected.
【答案】12．D13．B14．B15．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了56岁的作者在跟着教练Rob锻炼的过程，教练常常让他描述自己的感觉，他开始不理解，但后来明白教练想让他感觉到自己肌肉的运动，保持肌肉链的联接，这样的方式让作者喜欢上这项运动并下决心要坚持下去。
12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Since completing my undergraduate degree I have been increasingly immobilized by my working life. Sitting still at a desk, staring at a screen, it’s mostly through my fingers that I connect to my brain.(自从我完成了我的本科学位，我的工作生活越来越僵化。静静地坐在桌子前，盯着屏幕，我的大脑大多是通过手指连接的)”可知，手指是作者工作中使用最多的身体部位，所以他的手指应该是灵活的。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers. Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection.(随着时间的推移，我意识到他想要的不仅仅是常规的答案。在教我如何做运动后，罗布会鼓励我在肌肉或肌肉链运动时思考它们。这些问题就是对这种联系的测试)”可知，Rob要求作者描述她的感受要帮助她感觉到自己肌肉的运动，知道它们如何工作的。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I am five months into a new way of living with this 56-year-old body.(我已经和这个56岁的身体以一种新的方式生活了五个月)”和最后一句话“And I long to continue this dialogue so that I’m ready the next time Rob says: ‘Describe that to me.’(我很想继续这个对话，以便下次罗布说“给我描述一下”的时候，我能做好准备)”可知，作者已经56岁，但他还要坚持在教练的指导下锻炼下去，最后一句话暗示了他坚定的决心。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合倒数第二段“Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me
to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection.(在教我如何做运动后，罗布会鼓励我在肌肉或肌肉链运动时思考它们。这些问题就是对这种联系的测试)”可知，文章讲述了56岁的作者在跟着教练Rob锻炼的过程，教练常常让他描述自己的感觉，他开始不理解，但后来明白教练想让他感觉到自己肌肉的运动，保持肌肉链的联系，这样的方式让作者喜欢上这项运动并下决心要坚持下去。所以D项“Keeping muscles connected(保持肌肉连接)”是锻炼的方式，也是最佳标题。故选D项。
35.【2022届河北保定市高三第一次模拟】
A new UN report is set to reveal that up to 1 million species face extinction because of human actions. We are causing a mass extinction event, and critically we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another. Biodiversity loss cannot be separated from climate change, or from human population growth or pollution or plastics in our oceans. These challenges are all interconnected. If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly.
The connections between these crises make solutions seem all too difficult. But in fact, a solution to one problem will inevitably make a positive impact on many others too. More than 28, 000 people are dying because of polluted air each year in Britain and air pollution is linked to psychotic (精神病的) experiences and a reduction in educational achievement. It’s not rocket science: improving air quality in our cities by cutting polluting vehicles will bring a vast range of benefits to human health, and help deal with climate change too.
George Monbiot advocates taking land out of meat production and rewilding it. This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon. If these lands are also opened up for us to enjoy, our physical and mental health will flourish. Thus we repair the ecology of destruction.
It can be difficult to know what we can do as individuals—but at least we all possess an increasingly understanding of how farming, consumption and energy-use impacts upon the planet. If everyone makes a small change, that will make a difference to our planet.
We're not struggling to find ideas to solve problems either globally or locally. It's action we're lacking, in government and beyond, as individuals and together as a species. If we act now we may be surprised at how these seemingly vast problems decrease quicker than we imagine.
28．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A．The age of mass extinction has arrived. B．Environmental crises are interrelated.
C．Humans are to blame for mass extinction. D．Environmental crises should be solved separately.
29．Why are rewilded lands beneficial to controlling global warming?
A．They attract tourists. B．They provide habitat for birds.
C．They take in carbon. D．They boost biodiversity.
30．What does the author call on people to do?
A．Take action now. B．Find a better idea.
C．Cooperate with others. D．Turn to the government.
31．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A news report. B．A scientific journal.
C．A climate handbook. D．A biology textbook.
【答案】28．B29．C30．A31．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各种环境问题都是有关联的，解决一个环境问题也会缓解其他问题，我们缺的不是办法，而是行动。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“These challenges are all interconnected. If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly.(这些挑战都是相互关联的。如果我们继续单独考虑这些问题，解决办法的出现将继续缓慢得多。)”可知，本段主要观点是各种环境危机是相互关联的。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon.(这不仅将极大地促进生物多样性，而且还将应对全球变暖，因为那些重新开垦的土地将显著地吸收更多的碳。)”可知，恢复自然地貌和湿地的地方可以吸收更多的碳，从而减缓了气候变暖。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s action we’re lacking, in government and beyond, as individuals and together as a species.(这是我们所缺乏的行动，无论是政府还是其他部门，无论是作为个人还是作为一个物种。)”可知，作者呼吁我们要立刻行动起来。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new UN report is set to reveal that up to 1 million species face extinction because of human actions… If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too
slowly.(一份新的联合国报告显示，由于人类行为，多达100万个物种面临灭绝。我们正在造成一场大规模的灭绝事件，关键的是，我们不能把一个环境危机与另一个环境危机区分开来。生物多样性的丧失不能与气候变化、人口增长、污染或海洋塑料分开。这些挑战都是相互关联的。如果我们继续单独考虑这些问题，解决办法的出现将继续缓慢得多。)”可知，本文主要讲述了各种环境问题的相互关联以及立即行动解决问题的可行性。具有比较强的专业性，应该出自有关科学的某种期刊。故选B。
36.【2022届湖南省岳阳市高三下学期二模】
There are many famous festivals around the world. The Carnivals in Rio de Janeiro and Venice，Munich's Oktoberfest and London's Notting Hill Carnival are three examples. There are，however，festivals going on somewhere in the world every day of the year. These range from very large events which involve whole cities to local celebrations in tiny villages or neighbourhoods of towns or cities. We have selected a few of the more unusual，colourful festivals from around the world.
Australia Day Cockroach（螳螂）Races：Brisbane，Queensland，Australia
“ Racing is simple. . . the races are held in a circular track and cockroaches are then let go from an upturned bucket in the middle. . . first to the edge is a winner. Things are made a little more difficult in the steeplechase（障碍赛）events where a circular fence is used to enhance the spectacle and test the cockroach talent. ”
Canberra Sled Dog Classic：Canberra，Australian Capital Territory，Australia
Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia. As there's no snow（the trail is earth and sand and is smooth and wide with a few hills and turns），the sleds have wheels instead of runners，but the excitement is the same
Darwin Beer Can Regatta（划船比赛）：Darwin，Northern Territory，Australia
This local charity event brings together great engineers and great drinkers. Participants construct everything from life-size beer-can canoes to beer-can Viking warships during this off-the-wall regatta.
La Tomatina：Bunol，Spain
“ The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran. Residents and visitors take part in a tomato-throwing battle that uses more than 88，000 pounds of tomatoes. This crazy event began with a serious aim as a symbolic protest against Franco. But the Tomatina is now regarded as an amusing way to end the summer. ”
21．What do these selected festivals held in Australia have in common？
A．They are famous festivals held in big cities.
B．There are competitions in these festivals.
C．They are celebrated in Northern Australia.
D．Animals or insects are involved in these festivals.
22．Which festival will you go to if you are against Franco？
A．The Carnivals in Rio de Janeiro B．Australia Day Cockroach Race
C．Canberra Sled Dog Classic D．La Tomatina：Bunol，Spain
23．From which is the text probably taken？
A．A biology textbook. B．A health brochure.
C．A research paper. D．A travel magazine.
【答案】21．B22．D23．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了四个来自世界各地的不寻常，丰富多彩的节日。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话“Racing is simple…（比赛很简单……）”和第三段第一句话“Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia.（狗拉雪橇是澳大利亚东海岸发展最快的运动之一）”和第四段最后一句话“Participants construct everything…（参加者可以建造……）”和最后一段第一句话“The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran.（番茄之战是为了纪念Saint Luis Beltran。）”可知，这些在澳大利亚举办的节日均有比赛。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句话“This crazy event began with a serious aim as a symbolic protest against Franco.（这一疯狂的事件始于一个严肃的目标，作为对Franco的象征性抗议）”可知，如果反对Franco，应选择La Tomatina：Bunol，Spain节日。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“We have selected a few of the more unusual，colourful festivals from around the world.（我们选择了来自世界各地的一些更不寻常，丰富多彩的节日。）”可知，文章主要讲述了世界各地的节日，应出自旅游杂志。故选D项。
37.【2022届广东省高三省一模】
Desperate to help his 96-year-old mother to speak her mother tongue again，Keith McDermott made an appeal on social media and was met with a flood of kind responses．The old lady，Ray，was moved to tears after talking on the phone with one of the enthusiastic respondents in Welsh．
Ray moved to America after meeting her husband when she was only 18，hence waving goodbye to her life in Wales．She continued to speak Welsh with her mum - keeping a little bit of home．But she lost her beloved mum four decades ago and hadn't spoken Welsh ever since．
Despite suffering from short-term memory loss and sometimes not remembering what she has done recently，Ray's childhood memories in Wales remain clear．“She wants to return but I know，given her age，such long-distance travel is out of the question．” said Keith，“Once she mentioned ‘I wish I could speak Welsh again but I suppose I never will．’ It was then that I thought I should make her wish happen．”
So Keith，70，posted on social media in the New York Welsh area asking for any Welsh speakers that could speak Welsh with his mum．And he was touched，as well as a little shocked，to receive over 30 responses within half an hour．Keith thanked everyone and eventually asked Melisa to give his mum a phone call．“Speaking with Melisa，her（Ray's）Welsh was a little rusty．A few more Welsh conversations and I think she'd be fluent again，” added Keith．
“When you have a parent in their nineties，you will find you two have something in common：you're both old，so I am very sympathetic to my mother's feelings of loneliness and isolation（孤立）．I'm feeling it myself．” Keith hopes to set up more Welsh phone conversations for his mum and Melisa has promised to send Ray some short stories in Welsh to remind her of her life in Wales．
4．Why did Keith post a message on social media？
A．To gather American Welsh speakers．
B．To help his mum speak Welsh again．
C．To slow down his mum's memory loss．
D．To track down his family's Welsh origin．
5．How did Keith feel after seeing the responses？
A．Surprised and moved． B．Concerned and thankful．
C．Sympathetic and excited． D．Astonished and isolated．
6．What is conveyed in the story？
A．Social media contribute to closer family ties．
B．Mother tongue means more than a language．
C．Childhood experiences shape one's later life．
D．One will be more sensitive when getting older．
7．Where is the text probably taken from？
A．A community noticeboard．
B．A health magazine．
C．A language-learning website．
D．A local newspaper．
【答案】4．B5．A6．B7．D
【解析】这是一则新闻报道。这篇文章主要讲了Keith
McDermott急切地想帮助96岁的母亲再次说母语，于是他在社交媒体上发出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回应。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Desperate to help his 96-year-old mother to speak her mother tongue again，Keith McDermott made an appeal on social media and was met with a flood of kind responses．”（Keith McDermott急切地想帮助96岁的母亲再次说母语，于是他在社交媒体上发出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回应 ）可知Keith在社交媒体上发信息是想帮他妈妈再次说威尔士语。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So Keith，70，posted on social media in the New York Welsh area asking for any Welsh speakers that could speak Welsh with his mum．And he was touched，as well as a little shocked，to receive over 30 responses within half an hour．”（因此，70岁的Keith在纽约威尔士地区的社交媒体上发帖，寻找能和他母亲说威尔士语的人。 他被感动了，也有点震惊，在半小时内收到了30多份回复 ）可知Keith看到这些回应后，感觉吃惊又感动。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段““When you have a parent in their nineties，you will find you two have something in common：you're both old，so I am very sympathetic to my mother's feelings of loneliness and isolation（孤立）．I'm feeling it myself．” Keith hopes to set up more Welsh phone conversations for his mum and Melisa has promised to send Ray some short stories in Welsh to remind her of her life in Wales．”（“当你的父母都90多岁时，你会发现你们有一些共同之处：你们都老了，所以我非常同情我母亲的孤独和孤立的感觉。 我自己也感觉到了。” Keith希望能为他的母亲接通更多的威尔士语电话，Melisa答应给Ray寄一些威尔士语短篇小说，让她回忆起在威尔士的生活）结合整篇文章内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了Keith McDermott急切地想帮助96岁的母亲再次说母语，于是他在社交媒体上发出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回应。由此传达了这样一个理念：母语不仅仅意味着一种语言，它是内心深处的一种细腻温暖的情感的体现。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据根据第一段“Desperate to help his 96-year-old mother to speak her mother tongue again，Keith McDermott made an appeal on social media and was met with a flood of kind responses．”（Keith McDermott急切地想帮助96岁的母亲再次说母语，于是他在社交媒体上发出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回应）结合整篇文章内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了Keith McDermott急切地想帮助96岁的母亲再次说母语，于是他在社交媒体上发出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回应。这是一则新闻报道，最可能出现在当地的一家报纸上。故选D。
38.【2022届江苏省连云港市高三第二次调研】
Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.
In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few
weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres (端粒)of chromosomes(染色体)in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.
Their findings follow a review and analysis of 15 studies on walking involving almost 50,000 people that was published this week. Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improves health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.
Walking has also recently been shown to strengthen the blood flow to the brain. In one of the largest studies, researchers revealed that 20 minutes of quick walking most days from middle age onwards will lower the risk of dementia (痴呆). Professor Edward Zamrini says, “The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease by simply increasing your activity is very promising.”
Even in people with some existing age-related memory damage, walking can work wonders, as a year-long study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed. “Walking is by far the best medicine we have for a healthy life,”says Yates.
28．What did Thomas Yates' study find about fast walking?
A．It causes a damaging effect on the body.
B．It slows down the process of cell ageing.
C．It increases the number of chromosomes.
D．It shortens middle-aged adults' telomeres.
29．What does the underlined word “buffer” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Something shortening telomeres.
B．Something speeding up cell ageing.
C．Something counting the walking pace.
D．Something helping protect from harm.
30．What did Amanda Paluch consider when doing research?
A．Body shape. B．Age group.
C．Occupation type. D．Sample size.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．How daily walking helps burn fat
B．Why walking is the best midlife exercise
C．How many daily steps are better for adults
D．Whether walking reduces the risk of dementia
【答案】28．B29．D30．B31．B
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。研究表明，坚持每天步行不仅可以燃烧脂肪，增加长寿而且还对于对抗身体老化有着极大的好处。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time.（在最近的研究中，莱斯特大学的教授Thomas Yates表明，每天快走的步行者比那些慢走的人生物年龄要年轻15岁。）”可知，Thomas Yates的研究表明，快走的人能减缓衰老的过程，故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.（随着我们变老，我们的染色体的端粒就变短，因此也就加速了细胞老龄化。Yates说道：‘如果我们尽量保持端粒的长度，那么它就会充当一个保护层，对抗细胞老龄化。’）”可知，根据前文的染色体端粒变短的话，就会加速细胞老龄化，因此如果能保持端粒的长度，那么也就能减缓细胞老龄化，故此处buffer意为充当阻碍老龄化的保护层，故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improves health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.（马萨诸塞州阿莫斯特大学的Amanda Paluch认为，每日步行能提高健康状况并且延长寿命，但是每天更多的步数只在一定程度上有好处。Paluch表明，对于60岁以下的成年人，每天走8000到10000步对于降低早死亡的风险的效果是最好的，但是60岁以上的，每天6000至8000步就足够了。）”可知，Amanda Paluch在做研究时，考虑到了不同年龄层的人，故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.
（几个新的研究表明每天步行不仅可以燃烧脂肪，增加长寿而且对于对抗身体老化有着极大的好处。）”可知，文章围绕着具体带来的对抗身体老化的好处展开讲，故B项“为什么步行是最好的中年人的锻炼”适合作为本文的小标题，故选B。
39.【2022届福建省高三下学期4月诊断性测试】
By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.
Past research had shown the retina (视网膜), light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye, as a possible indicator of a person’s bjological age. The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.
Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) - the internal back surface of the eye that includes the retina. They obtained the images from nearly 47.000 people between the ages of 40 and 69, stored in the UK. Biobank. TO figure out whether their model was accurate, they first analyzed more than 19,000 fundus images taken from more than 1,100 participants who were in relatively good health. The idea was that the retinal biological ages of these people should be fairly similar to their chronological age (实际年龄) .
The model was fairly accurate in predicting retinal ages, with an accuracy of within 3.5 years to chronological ages. They then used the model to assess the remaining nearly 36,000 participants’ fundus photos collected across a span of 11 years. They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years. In other words, these participants had “older” eyes compared to their chronological age.
Those who had larger age gaps had a 49-67 percent higher risk of death from causes other than cardiovascular disease or cancer. With every one year increase in the age gap, the risk of death increased by 2 percent for any cause and 3 percent for causes other than cardiovascular disease and cancer.
12．What can we know about the retina?
A．It causes serious diseases.
B．It indicates the risk of death.
C．It speeds pathological processes.
D．It improves people’s physical health.
13．How do researchers know the retinal age?
A．By examining the nerve tissue.
B．By studying the human brain,
C．By checking the eyesight.
D．By analyzing fundus images.
14．What percentage of the participants had the largest retinal age gap?
A．3.5%. B．4.5%. C．28%. D．51%
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．A new study is conducted on tiny vessels
B．Image technology is used to predict diseases
C．Eyes may reveal a person’s biological age
D．A deep-leaning on the retina is necessary
【答案】12．B13．D14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍研究发现通过视网膜可以分析人的生理年龄进而预测死亡的风险。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. （视网膜提供了一个独特的、可访问的‘窗口’来评估一些与死亡风险增加相关的严重疾病的潜在病理过程）”可知，视网膜可以暗示死亡风险。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”和第三段的“Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) （他们的深度学习模型是一种机器学习和人工智能的模型，其学习方式类似于人脑。该模型分析了超过80000张眼底图像）”可知，研究人员通过分析眼底图像来了解视网膜的年龄。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years.（他们发现，51%的参与者的“视网膜年龄差距”——
生物年龄和时间年龄之间的差异——超过3年，28%的参与者的差距超过5年，4.5%的参与者的差距超过10年）”可知，视网膜年龄差最大的参与者占总参与者的4.5%。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.（根据一项新的研究，通过检查一个人眼睛内的微小血管，医生也许有一天能够预测这个人早死的风险）”和第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”可知，本文主要介绍研究发现通过视网膜可以分析人的生理年龄进而预测死亡的风险。故C项“眼睛或许可以透露一个人的生理年龄”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
40.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021-2022学年高三下学期月考（七）】
The decision to go to college still makes sense for most, but a recent survey showed that only 16% Americans think a four-year college degree course prepares students well for a high-paying job in the modern economy. To some extent, technology seems to be complicating the picture.
A paper published by several Canadian economists questions optimistic assumptions about demand for non-routine work and shows that since 2000 the share of employment accounted for by high-skilled jobs in America has been falling. This analysis supports the view that technology has come as a blow to employment. Skilled and unskilled workers alike are in trouble. Those with a better education are still more likely to find work, but there is now a fair chance that it will be unenjoyable. Those who never made it to college face being squeezed out of the workforce altogether. This is the argument of the techno-pessimists(科技悲观者), who calculated that 47％ of existing jobs in America are very likely to be influenced by automation.
There is another, less pessimistic possibility. James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, has worked out the effects of automation on specific professions and finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Progressive automation can actually increase demand by reducing costs. But even though technology may not destroy jobs on the whole, it does force change upon many people.
In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor markets by obtaining data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skills-what its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls
“hybrid jobs". The composition of new jobs is also changing rapidly.
A college degree at the start of a working career does not answer the need for the continuous acquisition of new skills， especially as career spans(持续时间) are lengthening. Vocational training(职业培训) is good at giving people job-specific skills, but those, too, will need to be updated over and over again during a career lasting decades. Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning.
Add all of this up, and it becomes clear that times have got tougher for workers of all kinds. A college degree is still a necessity for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that. In many occupations workers on company payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated.
32．What can we learn from the paper conducted by the Canadian economists?
A．Employment has been shaken by technology.
B．College degree is a necessity in career success.
C．Skilled workers are no longer required in most American industries.
D．Techno-pessimism paves the way for future technology development.
33．What does James Bessen believe according to the text?
A．Increased demand can bring about cost reduction.
B．Progressive automation is beneficial to companies.
C．Computer has always been an essential factor in employment.
D．Technology advancement has a positive impact on most people.
34．Which of the following may Burning Glass Technologies agree with?
A．The job market will have a bright future.
B．The composition of new jobs is shaped by technology.
C．Online job advertisements require a precise data analysis.
D．Acquisition of new skills is essential in current job market.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Lifelong Learning: an Economic Priority
B．Technology Revolution: the Way to Success
C．College Degree: a Guarantee for Career Change
D．Vocational Training: a Blessing for Job Seekers
【答案】32．A33．B34．D35．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在现代经济时代大学文凭仍然是找工作的先决条件，但是现有技术可能会过时，要不断获取新技能，终身学习。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This analysis supports the view that technology has come as a blow to employment.(这一分析支持了一种观点，即技术已经对就业造成了打击。)”可知，我们可以从加拿大经济学家的论文中了解到就业受到了科技的冲击。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, has worked out the effects of automation on specific professions and finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Progressive automation can actually increase demand by reducing costs.(波士顿大学的经济学家James Bessen计算出了自动化对特定职业的影响，他发现，自l980年以来，使用电脑的职业的就业增长速度比不使用电脑的职业要快。渐进式自动化实际上可以通过降低成本来增加需求。)”可知，James Bessen认为渐进式自动化对公司有益。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor markets by obtaining data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skills—what its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls ‘hybrid jobs’.(在许多职业中，由于现有技能已经过时，获得新技能已成为必要。波士顿的新兴公司Burning Glass Technologies通过获取网上招聘广告的数据来分析劳动力市场，发现市场对新技能组合的需求最大——该公司老板Matt Sigelman称之为‘混合工作’。)”可知，Burning Glass Technologies同意的观点是目前的就业市场上，获得新技能是必不可少的。故选D项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“A college degree is still a necessity for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that. In many occupations workers on company payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated.（大学学历仍然是许多工作的必要条件，但雇主往往不太相信这一点，不会仅仅凭学历就雇佣员工。在许多职业中，公司员工面临着他们现有技能将会过时的前景）根据倒数第二段“Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning.”（职业培训有一定的作用，但早期培训一个人一辈子只做一件事并不是终身学习的答案。）。可知，文章介绍了在现代经济时代大学文凭仍然是找工作的先决条件，但是现有技术可能会过时，要不断获取新技能，终身学习。A选项“终身学习:经济优先”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。
41.【2022届辽宁省抚顺市普通高中高三第一次模拟】
Scientists recently have discovered a new species of bat that has bright orange for and black wings. They later named it Myotis nimbaensis in the journal American Museum Novitates.
Jon Flanders, who works at Bat Conservation International (BCI), was leading a team with eight other researchers in the Nimba Mountains in Guinea where they found the orange bat. Many bats live in the mountains’ old mineshafts (井筒) that are now unsafe to enter, so researchers placed nets at the entrances to trap bats while they flew. One night in January 2018, a brightly colored bat standing out among its dark-furred neighbors was also caught in the net.
“The color is just unusual. Its wings are black with orange fur. There aren’t a lot of orange bats in the world. I don’t tend to work with that many brightly colored bats. It’s definitely an unusual one for me,” Flanders says.
There are about 1,400 bat species in the world, including a few orange ones in China and South America — far from Myotis nimbaensis’s home in West Africa. For the past several years, more than 20 new bat species have been added to the list. However, those discoveries usually come about when scientists tease (梳理) apart the small genetic and physical differences between nearly the same species.
“Experienced researchers went out in the field, caught an animal, and said, ‘This is something we can’t identify.’ That’s much more unusual.” says Nancy Simmons, the American Museum of Natural History’s director of mammals.
To make sure that they had found something new, the team recaptured (重新捕获) the first bat they had found and compared it with specimens (标本) of other species. After doing some research, the team concluded that the new species of bat is at least five percent different than the closest related species, reports The Times.
Next, the scientists hope to study more about Myotis nimbaensis’s ecology — where it lives, what it eats, and what it needs in a habitat.
12．What did the researchers do after arriving at the mineshafts?
A．They entered them for further observation.
B．They caught some bats with a big net.
C．They reported their newly found bat caves.
D．They made sounds to drive the bats away.
13．What can we know about the over 20 new bat species found previously?
A．They are commonly seen. B．They are different in colors.
C．They live in West Africa. D．They share similar genes.
14．Why did the researchers recapture the first bat they had found?
A．To attract more such bats. B．To make a specimen.
C．To identify its species. D．To keep it in their lab.
15．What would be the best title for the text?
A．An unusual adventure in Guinea B．Different bat species worldwide
C．A newly discovered bat species D．Bats living in old mineshafts
【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家最近发现的一种新蝙蝠物种，并对它的基因进行研究。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many bats live in the mountains’ old mineshafts(井筒) that are now unsafe to enter, so researchers placed nets at the entrances to trap bats while they flew.(许多蝙蝠生活在山区的老矿井里，现在进入这些矿井是不安全的，所以研究人员在矿井的入口处放置了网，以便在蝙蝠飞行时捕捉它们)”可知，研究人员到达矿井后他们用一张大网抓了一些蝙蝠。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, those discoveries usually come about when scientists tease(梳理) apart the small genetic and physical differences between nearly the same species.(然而，这些发现通常是在科学家们梳理出几乎相同物种之间微小的基因和生理差异时产生的)”可知，以前发现的20多种新蝙蝠它们有相似的基因。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To make sure that they had found something new, the team recaptured (重新捕获) the first bat they had found and compared it with specimens (标本) of other species.(为了确保他们有新的发现，研究小组重新捕获了他们发现的第一只蝙蝠，并将其与其他物种的标本进行了比较)”可知，研究人员要重新捕获他们发现的第一只蝙蝠是为了确定它的物种。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists recently have discovered a new species of bat that has bright orange for and black wings.(科学家最近发现了一种新的蝙蝠，它有亮橙色的身体和黑色的翅膀)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家最近发现的一种新蝙蝠物种，并对它的基因进行研究。所以“A newly discovered bat species(一种新发现的蝙蝠)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
42.【海南省琼海市嘉积中学等四校2021-2022学年高三下学期联考】
The UK Space Agency (UKSA) has given more than £1 million towards tracking satellites and space junk in orbit.
The money will be given to seven companies that are working on ways to develop new sensor technologies that spot objects in space, working out what they are and track them.
Finding better ways to monitor everything currently in orbit has become a big priority because, with more and more satellites being launched, there is growing concern about the possibility of collisions.
Added to that are around 900,000 objects—made up of old space equipment that no longer works, and junk like gloves and tool kits accidentally dropped by astronauts—that are still in orbit. The UK Space Agency is owned by the government and is responsible for strengthening the UK’s position in the space sector (领域).
Although some space junk is very small, only around 1 cm, it could do a lot of damage and even completely destroy a spacecraft if there was a high-speed collision. It is hoped that the new research can create something like an automated traffic management system in the future, which will keep functioning satellites out of harm’s way.
Jacob Geer from UKSA said, “Space tracking is one of the key things we can do to keep safe those satellites we rely on now, and to make sure certain orbits don’t become obstructed for future generations because there is too much junk in them.”
The Ministry of Defence and UKSA recently agreed to work together when it comes to space, with both having valuable satellites in orbit that they want to protect.
The UK government is now part-owner of the OneWeb satellite broadband company, which has launched 74 satellites and has plans to put up thousands more.
28．Why has UKSAgiven a large amount of money to some companies?
A．To explore space. B．To help the seven companies.
C．To spot new objects in space. D．To keep track of satellites and space junk.
29．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．There is an urgent need to clear up the orbit in space.
B．Satellites may crash into each other if left unconcerned.
C．More and more satellites should be launched into space.
D．There has been better ways to solve problems concerning space.
30．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “obstructed” in paragraph 6?
A．Incredible. B．Impossible. C．Inaccessible. D．Unavoidable.
31．What would be the best title for the text?
A．UKSA has launched more satellites.
B．UKSA has detected too much junk in space.
C．UKSA has found better ways to monitor space.
D．UKSA has offered financial support to protect satellites.
【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国航天局（UKSA）为跟踪轨道上的卫星和太空垃圾提供了100多万英镑，并且介绍了这笔钱的用途和清理太空垃圾对保护卫星的价值。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The UK Space Agency (UKSA) has given more than £1 million towards tracking satellites and space junk in orbit.（英国航天局（UKSA）为跟踪轨道上的卫星和太空垃圾提供了100多万英镑。）”，可知 UKSA 向一些公司提供了大量资金是为了跟踪卫星和太空垃圾。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Finding better ways to monitor everything currently in orbit has become a big priority because, with more and more satellites being launched, there is growing concern about the possibility of collisions.（寻找更好的方法来监测目前在轨道上的一切已经成为一个重要的优先事项，因为随着越来越多的卫星被发射，人们越来越担心发生碰撞的可能性。）”，可知我们能从第3段中推断出如果置之不理，卫星可能会相互碰撞。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。根据第六段划线词所在句子“Space tracking is one of the key things we can do to keep safe those satellites we rely on now, and to make sure certain orbits don’t become obstructed for future generations because there is too much junk in them.（太空跟踪是我们可以做的关键事情之一，以确保我们现在所依赖的卫星的安全，并确保某些轨道不会因为其中有太多垃圾在未来变得 obstructed。）”，可知划线词可用 C选项“Inaccessible.（无法接近的）”来替换，说明垃圾太多导致某些轨道无法接近。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The UK Space Agency (UKSA) has given more than £1 million towards tracking satellites and space junk in orbit.（英国航天局（UKSA）为跟踪轨道上的卫星和太空垃圾提供了100多万英镑。）”和倒数第二段“The Ministry of Defence and UKSA recently agreed to work together when it comes to space, with both having valuable satellites in orbit that they want to protect.（国防部和UKSA最近同意在太空领域进行合作，双方都希望在轨道上保护有价值的卫星。）”并结合全文可知，文章介绍了UKSA提供的钱的用途和清理太空垃圾对保护卫星的价值。可知D选项“UKSA has offered financial support to protect satellites.（UKSA已经为保护卫星提供了财政支持。）”符合标题的要求。故选D。
43.【广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试】
The elusive profound mystery of happiness could be as simple as remembering the good times and forgetting the regrets, a new university study reported yesterday. For people who look at the past through rose-tinted glasses are happier than those who focus on negative past experience and regrets, according to a new study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.
The study is conducive to the explanation of why personality has such a strong influence on a person’s happiness. The findings suggest that people with certain personality traits are happier than others because of the way they think about their past, present and future. The study examined how people’s ratings on the “Big Five” personality traits relate to their approach to time and life satisfaction.
The “Big Five” model assesses how extroverted, open, responsible, agreeable, and neurotic a person is, and rates individuals as high or low on each personality trait rather than assigning them a personality type. “We found that the first four kind of people are happier with their lives because they tend to hold a bright view of the past and are less likely to have negative thoughts and regrets. People high on the neurotic scale essentially have the exact opposite view of the past and are less happier as a result,” said Ryan Howell, assistant professor of psychology at San Francisco State University, who authored the study with SF State College senior Jiawei Zhang. “This is good news because though it may be difficult to change your personality, you may be able to change your view of time and boost your happiness,” Howell said.
The authors suggest that enjoying happy memories or reframing painful past experience in a positive light could be effective ways for individuals to increase their life satisfaction.
“Personality traits influence how people look at the past, present and future and it is these different perspectives on time that drive a person’s happiness,” Howell added.
8．The underlined phrase “through rose-tinted glasses” in Para. 1 probably means “______”.
A．in a neurotic way B．in a pessimistic way
C．in an optimistic way D．in a disappointing way
9．According to the passage, ______ may well improve your happiness.
A．forgetting memories B．changing your personality
C．remembering painful past experience D．viewing painful past memories positively
10．What kind of people are likely to be unhappier?
A．Highly extraverted. B．Very agreeable.
C．Rather neurotic. D．Quite open.
11．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Personality Traits B．Secret of Happiness
C．Past Experience Leads to Unhappiness D．Never Let Regrets Affect Your Happiness
【答案】8．C9．D10．C11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幸福的奥秘，研究说明了人的性格特质影响着人们看待过去、现在和未来的方式，消极和积极的态度推动着一个人的幸福。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“For people who look at the past through rose-tinted glasses are happier than those who focus on negative past experience and regrets, according to a new study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.（根据发表在《个性与个体差异》杂志上的一项新研究，那些带着玫瑰色眼镜看待过去的人比那些关注过去负面经历和遗憾的人更快乐。）”和第四段“The authors suggest that enjoying happy memories or reframing painful past experience in a positive light could be effective ways for individuals to increase their life satisfaction.（作者认为，享受快乐的回忆或用积极的眼光重新审视过去的痛苦经历可能是提高个人生活满意度的有效途径。）”可知，杂志中“带着玫瑰色眼镜”的人不是关注负面经历和遗憾的人，作者通过研究指出，用积极的眼光看待过去会跟幸福，因此“带着玫瑰色眼镜”可能意味着“用积极的方式”，故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“We found that the first four kind of people are happier with their lives because they tend to hold a bright view of the past and are less likely to have negative thoughts and regrets. （我们发现前四种人对他们的生活更快乐，因为他们倾向于用光明的眼光看待过去，不太可能有消极的想法和遗憾。）”和第四段“The authors suggest that enjoying happy memories or reframing painful past experience in a positive light could be effective ways for individuals to increase their life satisfaction.（作者认为，享受快乐的回忆或用积极的眼光重新审视过去的痛苦经历可能是提高个人生活满意度的有效途径。）”可知，积极的态度看待过去的痛苦经历会过的更快乐，因此用正向的态度面对过去的痛苦会提升幸福感，故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“We found that the first four kind of people are happier with their lives because they tend to hold a bright view of the past and are less likely to have negative thoughts and regrets. People high on the neurotic scale essentially have the exact opposite view of the past and are less happier as a result.（我们发现前四种人对他们的生活更快乐，因为他们倾向于用光明的眼光看待过去，不太可能有消极的想法和遗憾。神经质程度高的人对过去有完全相反的看法，因此不那么快乐。）”可知，更容易快乐的人拥有的特质是：高度外向的、和蔼可亲的、很开放的；不容易快乐的性格特质是高神经质的，故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文中第一段第一句“The elusive profound mystery of happiness could be as simple as remembering the good times and forgetting the regrets, a new university study reported yesterday. （快乐的奥秘也可以很简单，那就是记住美好的时光，忘记遗憾的事情。）”可知，开篇点题，本文核心是在讲快乐的奥秘。下文通过实验研究发现人的性格特质会影响快乐程度。第五段“Personality traits influence how people look at the past, present and future and it is these different perspectives on time that drive a person’
s happiness（性格特征影响着人们看待过去、现在和未来的方式，正是这些对时间的不同看法推动着一个人的幸福。）”可知，文中最后有点题，说明幸福的奥秘，故选B项。
44.【2022届江苏省南京市高考英语模拟卷（一）】
An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.
Urbanization（都市化）has continued to significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than 1,000 acres of its historic hutongs and traditional courtyard homes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010.
In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.
These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks.
“Relocation is not the first choice, but better than destroying,” said Lan, the Shanghai primary school’s project supervisor. “I’d rather not touch the historical buildings at all.” Building relocations he said however, are “a workable option.” “The central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings. I’m happy to see that progress in recent years.”
Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.
“We have to preserve the historical building no matter what, ” Lan said. “The relocation has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destroying and then rebuilding something in a new location.”
12．How did cities respond to the loss of historical sites?
A．They criticized the developers. B．They rebuilt the historic hutongs.
C．They ended the significant threat. D．They proposed the protection project.
13．What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to?
A．All original form. B．A new addition. C．A cinema. D．A temple.
14．What does the author intend to do in Para. 6?
A．Provide strong evidence. B．Introduce different opinions.
C．Summarize previous paragraphs. D．Add some background information.
15．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Walking Machine: a New Technology B．Rebuilding: a New Option for Relics
C．Old Building Torn down for Modern Use D．Historical Site “Walks” to New Life
【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。上海一所始建于1935年、拥有85年历史的小学，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了重新安置。该项目标志着上海首次采用这种“步行机器”的方式来搬迁一座历史建筑。文章对各个城市对历史遗迹的保护的努力进行了介绍，并详细介绍了上海的重新安置历史遗迹的方法。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.”（21世纪初，包括南京和北京在内的城市——由于批评人士对老街区流失的抗议——制定了长期计划来保护遗留下来的历史遗迹，引入保护措施来保护建筑，并限制开发商。）可知，城市提出了保护计划来应对历史遗迹的丧失。故选D。
13．指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form”（20世纪30年代的一座电影院被恢复了原来的形式）可知，it是指电影院。故选C。
14．目的意图题。根据第六段第二句The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.（幸存下来的一些20世纪30年代的建筑和19世纪的“石库门”(或“石门”)房屋为如何赋予旧建筑新的生命提供了范例。）可知，第六段中作者提供证据证明在遗产保护方面，上海可以说是中国最先进的城市。故选A。
15．标题判断题。根据第一段An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.（上海一所始建于1935年、拥有85年历史的小学，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了重新安置。该项目标志着上海首次采用这种“步行机器”的方式来搬迁一座历史建筑。）可知，文章主要是讲现在对待历史遗迹采取了一种重新安置的方法。故选B。
45.【2022届辽宁省协作体高三第一次模拟】
Though there are filters which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.
A brand-new painting AI has been made public recently. Much like the pupils of the old masters, the new AI studies the work of great painters like Vermeer and Van Gogh and learns to reproduce their works.
The AI, named “PaintBot”, is the creation of a team of researchers from the University of Maryland, the Bytedance AI Lab and Adobe Research.
PaintBot can not only reproduce the work of different artists but create new works based on photographs in the chosen painter's characteristic style.
To train the AI to imitate a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artist's technique, including the stroke colour, position and size—along with the order in which each brushstroke should be made.
PaintBot uses a technique known as reinforcement learning. During the learning process, the AI would practice reproducing reference paintings, which it would then compare with the original work to see how similar the two were and if it was improving its imitation of the artist's style. It takes around six hours for the AI to learn to imitate a given painter.
Once the AI has mastered a particular artist's technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt to produce a new painting, putting down each brushstroke one at a time.
After being trained in a given style, PaintBot takes only around five minutes to produce each of its digital masterpieces.
The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.
12．What do we know about filters used to change digital photos?
A．They are well received. B．They are not good enough.
C．They are really fantastic. D．They are disliked by people.
13．How does PaintBot create works?
A．It mixes techniques of different artists. B．It learns from the artist on the spot.
C．It just imitates the color of the given paintings. D．It follows the given style of the paintings.
14．Which of the following words can the author use to describes PaintBot's paintings?
A．Lifelike. B．Valuable. C．Advanced. D．Original.
15．What is a suitable title for the passage?
A．The Most Intelligent AI Painter PainBot B．A Brand-new Painting Reproduced By AI
C．PainBot Creates More Realistic Paintings D．How PainBot Imitates Artists’techniques
【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能PainBot不仅可以复制不同艺术家的作品，还可以根据所选画家的特点风格，根据照片创作出新的作品。还介绍了其创作画作的过程和特点。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Though there are filters which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.(虽然有滤镜可以改变数码照片，使其看起来像一幅画，但明显的区别仍然存在)”可知，用来改变数码照片的滤镜不够好。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“PaintBot can not only reproduce the work of different artists but create new works based on photographs in the chosen painter's characteristic style.(PaintBot不仅可以复制不同艺术家的作品，还可以根据所选画家的特点风格，根据照片创作出新的作品)”以及第五段中“To train the AI to imitate a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings.(为了训练人工智能模仿给定艺术家的技术，研究人员将向它展示3到10幅参考画)”可知，PaintBot遵循给定的绘画风格创建作品。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.(PaintBot的构图是由数千个独立的笔触构成的，这使得AI的作品比那些网络滤镜更真实)”可推知，PainBot的画很生动。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A brand-new painting AI has been made public recently. Much like the pupils of the old masters, the new AI studies the work of great painters like Vermeer and Van Gogh and learns to reproduce their works.(最近，一种全新的绘画AI被公开。就像以前大师的学生一样，新的人工智能研究像维米尔和梵高这样的伟大画家的作品，并学习复制他们的作品)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能PainBot不仅可以复制不同艺术家的作品，还可以根据所选画家的特点风格，根据照片创作出新的作品。还介绍了其创作画作的过程和特点。可知，C选项“PainBot创造更多的现实主义绘画”最符合文章标题。故选C。
46.【2022届山东省济南市高三3月模拟】
If we jump in the air as high as possible, we can stay off the ground for about half a second. Michael Jordan
could stay airborne for almost one second while ski jumpers are able to do that for five to seven seconds as they travel about the length of a football field through the air. So how do they do this?
Three major concepts from physics are at play in the ski jump: gravity, lift and drag. Gravity pulls any object in flight down toward the ground and there is nothing athletes can do to lessen its effect. But athletes also interact with the air as they move. It is this interaction that can produce lift, an upwards force produced by air pushing on an object. If the force produced from lift roughly balances the force of gravity, the object can fly. The same interaction also produces drag. It resists the forward motion of any object and slows it down.

In the ski jump, jumpers start high up on a slope and then ski   downhill to generate speed. Just before they reach the end of the slope, they jump. Once jumpers are in the air, the fun physics begins. They use careful body positioning to maximize lift while / minimizing drag. To do this, they adjust their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position increases the surface area that generates lift and puts them in the ideal angle of attack that will also maximize lift. As drag reduces the speed of the jumpers, lift decreases and gravity continues to pull on them. They will begin to fall faster and faster until they land.
As you tune into the Olympics to wonder at the physical power of the athletes, take a moment to consider also their mastery of the concepts of physics.
12．What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Staying longer in the air.
B．Traveling forward slower.
C．Falling down the hill faster.
D．Jumping higher than average.
13．How can ski jumpers fly in the air according to Paragraph 2?
A．They make use of the interaction with air.
B．They get more forces of gravity than lift.
C．They keep a good balance while skiing.
D．They get rid of the effect of gravity.
14．What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about the ski jump?
A．Its training equipment.
B．Its safety guidelines.
C．Its major concepts.
D．Its basic routine.
15．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Ski jumpers flying in the sky
B．Falling or flying is your choice
C．Physics： as difficult as imagined
D．Ski jump booming in the Olympics
【答案】12．A13．A14．D15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了滑雪运动员是如何做到在空中停留更长的时间及其基本步骤。
12．代词指代题。根据第一段“If we jump in the air as high as possible, we can stay off the ground for about half a second. Michael Jordan could stay airborne for almost one second while ski jumpers are able to do that for five to seven seconds as they travel about the length of a football field through the air. So how do they do this? ”（如果我们跳到尽可能高的空中，我们可以离开地面大约半秒钟。迈克尔·乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场的长度时，可以停留五到七秒钟。那么他们是如何做到这一点的呢？）可知，this指代的是上文提到的情况，即“迈克尔·乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场的长度时，可以停留五到七秒钟。”，所以 this指的是迈克尔·乔丹和滑雪运动员在空中比我们停留更长时间。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“But athletes also interact with the air as they move. It is this interaction that can produce lift, an upwards force produced by air pushing on an object. If the force produced from lift roughly balances the force of gravity, the object can fly. ”（但运动员在运动时也会与空气相互作用。正是这种相互作用可以产生升力，即空气推动物体产生的向上的力。如果升力与重力大致平衡，物体就可以飞行。）可知，滑雪运动员是利用与空气的相互作用在空中飞行。故选A项。
14．段落大意题。根据第三段“In the ski jump, jumpers start high up on a slope and then ski   downhill to generate speed. Just before they reach the end of the slope, they jump. Once jumpers are in the air, the fun physics begins. They use careful body positioning to maximize lift while / minimizing drag. To do this, they adjust their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position
increases the surface area that generates lift and puts them in the ideal angle of attack that will also maximize lift. As drag reduces the speed of the jumpers, lift decreases and gravity continues to pull on them. They will begin to fall faster and faster until they land.”（在跳台滑雪中，滑雪运动员从斜坡上的高处开始，然后滑下山以产生速度。就在他们到达斜坡尽头之前，他们跳了起来。一旦滑雪运动员在空中，有趣的物理开始了。他们使用谨慎的身体定位来最大限度地提升，同时最小化阻力。为了做到这一点，他们调整他们的滑雪板和身体几乎平行于地面，并把他们的滑雪板放在身体外部的V形。这个位置增加了产生升力的表面积，并使它们处于理想的角度，从而使升力最大化。当阻力降低跳投者的速度时，升力降低，重力继续拉着跳投者。它们会越来越快地下落，直到着陆。）可知，这段主要讨论的是跳台滑雪的基本步骤。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three major concepts from physics are at play in the ski jump: gravity, lift and drag.(在跳台滑雪中有三个主要的物理概念：重力、升力和阻力)”结合文章主要讲述了滑雪运动员是如何在空中飞行及其基本步骤。A选项“跳台滑雪运动员在天空中飞翔”最符合文章标题。故选A项。
47.【河北省名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期联合调研】
Livestream through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is a popular way to sell goods online. In a session that lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.
Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases.
To determine the emotional expression of the salesperson, researchers used two deep learning models: a face detection model and an emotion classification model. The face detection model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame of a video stream. The emotion classifier then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions： happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust.
We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases, so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales —such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotions…
We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.
A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and
can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.
We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. A potential reason for this finding is that the middle is typically when the salesperson offers more details about the product, and it’s likely that viewers are turned off by emotions at this point.
12．What can we know about the livestream selling goods?
A．It challenges the family business.
B．It only helps big company sell goods.
C．It is very convenient for the buyers.
D．It helps the sellers develop fixed expressions.
13．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By analyzing previous data.
14．Why do customers dislike seller’s smiles during livestream?
A．They hate seller’s look. B．They prefer complex emotions.
C．They feel cheated. D．They are so tired.
15．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully
B．Expressions Affect Selling Products Online
C．Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference
D．Smiles Can Increase the Sales in Reality
【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．B
【解析】本文是说一篇明文。文章介绍了网络售货时，主播面部表情对网络销售效果的影响。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.(观众可以通过点击链接来购买。)”可知，观众可以通过点击链接来购买东西，即网络购物对于消费者而言很方便。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and
matched them with actual sales cases.(研究人员分析了一个直播销售平台上的99451个销售案例，并将它们与实际销售案例进行了对比。)”及全文可推断，研究人员是通过分析平台销售案例和数据得出结论的。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise. (我们发现，当销售人员传达更多的负面情绪时——比如愤怒和厌恶——销售额就会下降，这也许并不令人意外。但我们也发现，当销售人员表现出高水平的积极情绪时，比如高兴或惊讶，也会发生类似的事情。)”和第六段“A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.(根据我们的研究，一个可能的解释是，微笑可能很恶心，因为它缺乏真实的感觉，会降低对卖家的信任。销售者的快乐可能被认为是一种迹象，表明销售者正在以顾客的损失为代价获取利益。)”可推断，消费者不喜欢卖家在直播中微笑是因为他们觉得被骗了。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. (我们还发现，当人们在销售过程中表达情绪时，对销售的负面影响最大，而不是在销售开始或结束时。)”内及全文可知，文章主要介绍了网络售货时，主播面部表情对网络销售效果的影响！所以“Expressions Affect Selling Products Online(表情影响网上销售)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B 。
48.【湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期3月大联考】
There are patches of green taking root in European cities. It is part of a popular movement that started in Asia to clean the air, cool down temperatures, and improve the quality of life of city residents.
This movement began in India with Indian eco- entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma who was inspired by the tiny forests in Japan created by Akira Miyawak, a botanist who saw this as a solution to regenerate the land. In 2014, Sharma gave a Ted Talk about how valuable the mini ecosystems he was planting across India are. Sharma planted them anywhere he could, near schools, factories, and houses. These mini ecosystems grow ten times faster than conventional forests and are considerably more biodiverse.
Now, Europeans are following his example and tiny forests are springing up across the continent. But first, Europeans had to adapt his methods to the different soil conditions, species and climate, while taking into account the effects of climate change. “Species growing here are more likely to do well and be able to adapt to climate
change,” said Belgian biologist Nicolas. “So, I contacted scholars and tree nurseries to identify suitable native tree species and locally sourced materials to improve the soil.”
The first tiny forest was planted in the UK in 2020 in a programme run by ecologist Victor Beumer for Earth-watch. He said that the organization plans to collect data about biodiversity and carbon sequestration (碳封存) so that the environmental influence of the forests can be tracked in the long term. There are 17 of these forests now and 21 will be planted by 2022. These mini forests are seen as an asset that can help residents weather heat waves, improve water retention, remove carbon from the air, and the best benefit.
While these European forests are still relatively young and the full impact of them on the environment is still unknown, one thing is a given. Bringing more nature into cities will have a positive impact on the life of urban residents. Being in nature is good for your health, and wellbeing.
28．What can we learn about Sharma from the text?
A．He likes giving a talk about tiny forests.
B．He started the tiny forest movement in Europe.
C．He has planted tiny forests everywhere he liked.
D．He is a leading figure of the movement of tiny forests.
29．What is implied in Nicolas’s words in paragraph 3?
A．He used native species to grow small forests.
B．It’s difficult to carry on the movement in Belgium.
C．He chose some natural fertilizers to improve the soil.
D．He has improved Sharma’s methods of growing forests.
30．What can we infer about these European forests from the text?
A．They have been taken seriously by the governments.
B．They have benefited local residents physically and mentally.
C．Their influence on the environment arouses the public’s curiosity.
D．The further studies on their connection with nature are to be carried out.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for this text?
A．Europeans Have Struggled to Improve Air Quality
B．Tiny Forests Become More Diverse in Europe
C．Tiny Forests Are Dotting European Countries
D．Europeans Decide to Change Their Environment
【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小森林运动的相关情况。小森林运动是印度商人Shubhendu Sharma发起的，如今在欧洲得到推广。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段的“This movement began in India with Indian eco- entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma who was inspired by the tiny forests in Japan created by Akira Miyawak, a botanist who saw this as a solution to regenerate the land.(这项运动始于印度的生态企业家沙玛，他受到了日本植物学家Akira Miyawak在日本建造的小森林的启发，Akira Miyawak认为这是一个恢复土地的解决方案。)”和第三段的“Now, Europeans are following his example and tiny forests are springing up across the continent(现在，欧洲人正以他为榜样，小森林正在整个大陆涌现。)”可知，印度商人Shubhendu Sharma是小森林运动的发起人，是这场运动的领军人物。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“But first, Europeans had to adapt his methods to the different soil conditions, species and climate(但首先，欧洲人必须根据不同的土壤条件、物种和气候来调整他的方法)”和“'Species growing here are more likely to do well and be able to adapt to climate change,' said Belgian biologist Nicolas. 'So, I contacted scholars and tree nurseries to identify suitable native tree species and locally sourced materials to improve the soil.'(比利时生物学家尼古拉斯说:“在这里生长的物种更有可能生长得更好，更能适应气候变化。”“所以，我联系了学者和树木苗圃，以确定合适的本地树种和当地材料，以改善土壤。”)”可知，尼古拉斯在第三段话中暗示了他利用本地物种来种植小森林。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“These mini forests are seen as an asset that can help residents weather heat waves, improve water retention, remove carbon from the air, and the best benefit.(这些微型森林被视为一种资产，可以帮助居民抵御热浪，增加保水性，从空气中去除碳，并获得最佳效益。)”和最后一段的“Bringing more nature into cities will have a positive impact on the life of urban residents. Being in nature is good for your health, and wellbeing.(把更多的自然带入城市将会对城市居民的生活产生积极的影响。置身大自然对你的健康和幸福有好处。)”可知，欧洲的小森林已经发挥着应有的功能：净化空气、给当地居民提供乘凉的地方等。当地居民身心受益。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“There are patches of green taking root in European cities. It is part of a popular movement that started in Asia to clean the air, cool down temperatures, and improve the quality of life of city residents.(在欧洲的城市里，一片片的绿地已经生根发芽。它是始于亚洲的净化空气、降低气温、提高城市居民生活质量的流行运动的一部分。)”
可知，本文主要讲的是小森林运动的相关情况，因此最恰当的标题是C选项“Tiny Forests Are Dotting European Countries(微小的森林散布在欧洲国家)”，故选C。
49.【2022届吉林省延边州高三教学质量检测（一模）】
Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture to millions of students on Dec. 9, 2021 from the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, showed life in space and conducted experiments in microgravity.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China ’s first extraterrestrial (地球外的) lecture series. Its goal is to popularize space science.
“The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation, ” said Wen Xin, a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He said that important jobs for astronauts in the space station include cell observation and maintaining plant life.
In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.
Another experiment in the space lecture was shown by Wang Yaping. She illustrated how a paper flower “bloomed” on the surface of water in Tiangong space station. She explained that the surface tension of water is magnified (放大) in space due to zero gravity.
One of the examples of surface tension on Earth is that some insects can “walk” on water. They use surface tension to “stand” instead of falling through water.
Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company. Paints are tailored to stick better on the surfaces they are applied to. Surface tension also has impacts in drug development.
Although the astronauts are thousands of miles away, their research does influence our life. Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was “an eye-opening experience that would arouse students’ interest in science”.
12．What makes the space laboratory special?
A．It is operated by a professor.
B．It has a unique experiment environment.
C．It broadcasts experiments to students.
D．It promotes cell growth.
13．What can we learn through Ye’s cell experiment in space?
A．The rules of cell growth. B．The secret in a weightless environment.
C．The conditions of cell growth. D．The differences between the universe and the earth.
14．What can we say about surface tension?
A．It can speed up flower blooming. B．It is related to product quality.
C．Paints have an influence on it. D．Drugs are used to measure it.
15．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Special Laboratory Environments B．Examples of Surface Tension
C．Learning from Space D．Lectures about Cells
【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，三位宇航员展示了太空生活，并在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation, (空间站的实验室有许多地球实验室不具备的条件，如失重和辐射的环境)”可知，太空实验室特别是因为它具有独特的实验环境。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.(在讲座中，叶教授演示了失重环境下细胞生长的相关实验。他比较了人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的生长和形状，以研究它们在太空中的变化规律)”可知，通过叶教授的太空细胞实验，我们能了解到细胞生长的规律。故选A项。A．The rules of cell growth.
14．细节理解题。根据第七段“Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company.(表面张力在产品开发中起着关键作用。据科学公司Biolin Scientific称，世界各地的研究人员正在测量表面张力，以提高他们的产品质量)”可知，表面张力可以提升产品质量，与产品质量有关。故选B项。B．It is related to product quality
15．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段“Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was “an eye-opening experience that would arouse students’ interest in science”.(北京市101中学教师石毅在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，这次太空讲座“是一次开阔眼界的经历，会激发学生对科学的兴趣”)”
可知，文章报道了中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验，这些讲座会激发学生对科学的兴趣，所以“从太空中学习”是最佳标题。故选C项。
50.【2022届四川省攀枝花市高三第二次统一考试】
For animals that spend most of their lives high in the trees, gaps (缺口) in the forest might as well be the Grand Canyon (大峡谷). These gaps are especially hard on gibbons, a kind of monkey-like animals with long arms; although larger males can jump across some gaps, females and young can be cut off from food, companions, and even potential mates. Now, a new study suggests a couple of strong ropes could really help bridge the gap.
Gibbons are at risk of dying out across Southeast Asia, largely because of habitat loss. With just 30 individuals (个体) left, the Hainan gibbon is considered the rarest primate (灵长目动物) on Earth. All of these animals live on the Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan, an island province in southern China. In July 2014, a typhoon caused landslides across the reserve, creating gaps in the forest canopy (树冠) that were difficult for these primates to cross.
To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial “bridge” across a 15-meter-wide narrow valley, made of two mountaineering-grade ropes. Nearly 6 months later, the gibbons started to use the bridge to cross the gaps, researchers report today in Scientific Reports. The team documented 52 crossings in a group of eight gibbons, with most walking along one rope while holding on to the second rope for support, which the scientists named “handrailing”. The gibbons also shimmied beneath the ropes using all arms and legs to the opposite side.
Conservationists previously built artificial bridges to help other treebound animal species such as the Bornean orangutan and the Javan slow loris. But this is the first example of the rare Hainan gibbon using them. The rope bridges could be a short-term solution (解决办法) to reconnect separated habitats, the researchers argue, combined with efforts to provide enough natural forest cover.
8．Why were rope bridges constructed according to the text?
A．To increase gibbons’ habitats.
B．To help all gibbons to cross gaps.
C．To save gibbons from being endangered.
D．To provide food and company for gibbons.
9．What do we know about gibbons from Paragraph 2?
A．Gibbons are rarely seen because of dying out.
B．Habitat loss was to blame for gibbons’ dying out.
C．Gibbons couldn’t cross gaps caused by a typhoon.
D．The natural disaster may have put gibbons in danger.
10．What does the underlined word “shimmied” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．showed up B．fell down
C．moved forwards D．hung up
11．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Rope Bridges to Help Endangered Gibbons
B．What Led to the Disappearance of Gibbons?
C．Rarest Primate in the Hainan National Nature Reserve
D．The Most Effective Efforts to Provide Enough Habitat for Gibbons
【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种暂时解决长臂猿栖息地消失的方法——架起绳索桥。
8．细节理解题。通过文章第三段“To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial “bridge” across a 15-meter-wide narrow valley, made of two mountaineering-grade ropes. (为了帮助重新连接栖息地，专业的爬树者在15米宽的狭窄山谷上架设了一座人工“桥”，由两根登山级绳索组成)”可知，在山谷之间架绳索桥是为了连接两地，增加长臂猿的栖息地。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。通过文章第二段 “In July 2014, a typhoon caused landslides across the reserve, creating gaps in the forest canopy that were difficult for these primates to cross. (2014年7月，一场台风导致整个保护区发生山体滑坡，在森林的树冠上造成了这些灵长类动物难以跨越的缺口)”可知，山体滑坡导致森林形成缺口，长臂猿难以穿越到达栖息地，说明自然灾害可能使长臂猿处于危险之中。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。通过画线词上文“with most walking along one rope while holding on to the second rope for support (其中大多数长臂猿沿着一根绳子行走，同时抓住第二根绳子作为支撑)”以及下文“beneath the ropes using all arms and legs to the opposite side (在绳子下面利用所有的手臂和腿向对面行进)”可推知，此处指长臂猿在第一根绳子上行走，同时握住第二根绳子作为支撑，在第一根绳索的下方摇晃着使用四肢向前行进。画线词“shimmied”意为“一扭一摆地走”，C项“向前行进”与画线词意思最为相近。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第二段“Gibbons are at risk of dying out across Southeast Asia, largely because of habitat loss. (在东南亚，长臂猿面临灭绝的风险，这主要是因为栖息地的丧失)”以及第三段“To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial “bridge” across a 15-meter-wide narrow valley,
made of two mountaineering-grade ropes. (为了帮助重新连接栖息地，专业的爬树者在15米宽的狭窄山谷上架设了一座人工“桥”，由两根登山级绳索组成)”可推知，本文主要介绍了帮助拯救濒危长臂猿的方法——架起绳索桥。A项“Rope Bridges to Help Endangered Gibbons (帮助濒危长臂猿的绳索桥)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
51.【云南省云南师范大学附属中学2022届高三高考适应性月考卷（九）】
Flying cars have been growing in popularity in the past few years with even big players such as Boeing and Porsche looking to develop these vehicles. Now, a city in England is hosting the world’s first airport for flying cars.
British-based start-up Urban-Air Port has partnered with car giant Hyundai Motor Group to engineer this futuristic airport in order to give everyone a taste of what is to come in the future of air travel. They are calling their new construction the Urban Air Port. The new project will develop a zero-emission infrastructure (基础设施)that will host the next generation of electric and autonomous air vehicles.
Cars need roads, trains need rails, planes need airports, and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft will need Urban Air Ports — Air-One, which will bring clean urban air transport to the masses and create a new airborne world of zero-emission mobility. The Urban-Air Port will improve connectivity across our cities and boost productivity. An Urban Air Port is 60% smaller than a traditional heliport, can be built in a matter of days, and can be moved to alternative sites if the need arises. It’s also extremely eco-friendly as it emits net-zero carbon emissions.
An Urban Air Port can support any eVTOL aircraft and is ideal for emergency circumstances as il can rapidly deploy drones and other eVTOL aircraft to transport supplies, equipment, and people where needed most.
In I he meantime, Hyundai has stated that it has plans to create its own eVTOL aircraft and is supporting the development of Air-One as part of its plan to commercialize its aircraft by 2028. The new airport was built in Coventry, a oily in central England y and it was ready by the encl of 2021.
12．What is the partnership intended to do?
A．Increase a zero-emission infrastructure.
B．Let people experience future air travel.
C．Construct an advanced futuristic airport.
D．Host the world’s first-class airport for ears.
13．What can we most expect of an Urban Air Port?
A．Environmental protection and connectivity. B．Convenience and Speediness.
C．Productivity as well as advancement. D．Saving energy and power.
14．What does the underlined word “deploy” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Classify. B．Identify. C．Distribute. D．Gather.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Flying Cars Growing in Popularity al An Urban Air Pori
B．eVTOL Aircraft Supporting the Development of Air-One
C．British-based Urban-Air Port with Hyundai Motor Group
D．English City Hosting World-first Electric Flying Car Port
【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍韩国现代汽车和美国优步空运于2021年底在英国考文垂建成世界首个飞行汽车机场“空中一号”。电动飞行汽车机场的落成将会给人们的生活和城市的发展带来诸多改变。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“British-based start-up Urban-Air Port has partnered with car giant Hyundai Motor Group to engineer this futuristic airport in order to give everyone a taste of what is to come in the future of air travel.”(总部位于英国的城市航空港与汽车巨头现代起亚汽车集团合作，设计这个未来主义的机场，让每个人都体验一下未来航空旅行将会发生什么。)可知，总部位于英国的初创城市机场与汽车巨头现代汽车集团合作，设计了这个未来的机场是为了让每个人体验未来航空旅行。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The new project will develop a zero-emission infrastructure (基础设施) that will host the next generation of electric and autonomous air vehicles.”(这个新项目将开发零排放基础设施，用于安置下一代电动和自动驾驶飞行器。)和第三段“which will bring clean urban air transport to the masses and create a new airborne world of zero-emission mobility. The Urban-Air Port will improve connectivity across our cities and boost productivity.”(这将给大众带来清洁的城市空中交通，并创造一个新的空中世界的零排放机动性。城市空港将改善我们城市之间的联系，提高生产力。)可知，世界首个飞行汽车机场“空中一号”的落成将会给人们的生活和城市的发展带来诸多改变，但最重要的是环保和连通性。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第四段“An Urban Air Port can support any eVTOL aircraft and is ideal for emergency circumstances as it can rapidly deploy drones and other eVTOL aircraft to transport supplies, equipment, and people where needed most.”(一个城市机场可以支持任何 eVTOL飞机，是理想的紧急情况下，因为它可以迅速deploy无人机和其他eVTOL飞机运输补给品，设备，和人到最需要的地方。)可知，deploy是及物动词。是在紧急情况下，城市机场发出的一个动作行为，根据它的宾语“无人机和其他eVTOL飞机运送物资、设备和人员到最需要的地方”可知，这个动词应该是“安排，分配，部署”的意思，和C选项意思一致。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a city in England is hosting the world’s first airport for flying cars.”(现在，英格兰的一个城市，正在建造世界上第一个飞行汽车机场。)和第二段“British-based start-up Urban-Air Port has partnered with car giant Hyundai Motor Group to engineer this futuristic airport in order to give everyone a taste of what is to come in the future of air travel.”(总部位于英国的城市航空港与汽车巨头现代起亚汽车集团合作，设计这个未来主义的机场，让每个人都体验一下未来航空旅行将会发生什么。)可知，全文主要介绍了韩国现代汽车和美国优步空运于2021年底在英国考文垂建成世界首个飞行汽车机场“空中一号”。故选D。
52.【2022届江西省九江市高考第二次模拟】
A new study warns 1,500 endangered languages could no longer be spoken by the end of this century.
The study, led by The Australian National University (ANU), identified predictors that put endangered languages at high risk. Co-author Professor Lindell Bromham said that of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages, around half were currently endangered. “We found that without immediate intervention, language loss could triple in the next 40 years. And by the end of this century, 1,500 languages could cease (停止) to be spoken.”
Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure. One finding was that more years of schooling increased the level of language endangerment. The researchers say it shows we need to build curricula that support bilingual education, promoting both native language proficiency as well as use of regionally-dominant languages. “Across the 51 factors or predictors we investigated, we also found some really unexpected and surprising pressure points. This included road density,” Professor Bromham said. He added, “Contact with other local languages is not the problem. But we found that the more roads there are, connecting country to city, and villages to towns, the higher the risk of languages being endangered. It’s as if roads are helping dominant (主导的) languages ‘steam roll’ over other smaller languages.”
Professor Bromham said the study’s findings were a vital reminder that more action was urgently needed to preserve at-risk languages. He added, “When a language is lost, or is ‘sleeping’ as we say for languages that are no longer spoken, we lose so much of our human cultural diversity. Every language is brilliant in its own way. Many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers, so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to bring native languages back to life and keep them strong for future generations.”
8．Which suggestion is mentioned to save the endangered languages?
A．Setting up bilingual courses. B．Avoiding building more roads
C．Opening more local schools. D．Contacting different languages.
9．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 3?
A．Some exact examples for the new research.
B．Detailed ways to help dominant languages.
C．Different factors to brighten at-risk languages.
D．Elements to make endangered languages at risk.
10．What’s Bromham’s attitude towards saving at-risk languages?
A．Indifferent. B．Hopeless.
C．Optimistic. D．Uncertain.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．1,500 endangered languages at high risk.
B．A new study concerning dominant languages.
C．Reasons putting languages under pressure.
D．Some good ways to save endangered languages.
【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，1500种濒临灭绝的语言将不再被使用，如果不立即进行干预，语言丧失将在未来40年增加两倍。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ The researchers say it shows we need to build curricula that support bilingual education, promoting both native language proficiency as well as use of regionally-dominant languages.（研究人员说，这表明我们需要建立支持双语教育的课程，提高母语能力和使用地区主导语言）”可知，拯救濒危语言的建议是开设双语课程。故选A。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其第一句“Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure.（他们的研究发现了使濒危语言面临压力的最广泛的因素）”可知，第三段主要讲解的是这些造成语言濒临灭绝的因素。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后加一段“Many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers, so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to bring native languages back to life and keep them strong for future generations.（许多预计将在本世纪消失的语言仍有流利的使用者，因此仍有机会投资于支持社区，使母语恢复生机，并为子孙后代保持强大）”推知，布罗姆对拯救濒危语言持乐观的态度。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“A new study warns 1,500 endangered languages could no longer be spoken by the end of this
century.（一项新的研究警告说，到本世纪末，1500种濒临灭绝的语言将不再被使用）”；第二段 “We found that without immediate intervention, language loss could triple in the next 40 years. And by the end of this century, 1,500 languages could cease (停止) to be spoken.”（我们发现，如果不立即进行干预，语言丧失将在未来40年增加两倍。到本世纪末，可能会有1500种语言停止使用）”可知，文章主要介绍一项研究表明1500种濒危语言面临不再被使用的风险，并提出解决该问题的办法。A项：1,500 endangered languages at high risk.（1500种濒危语言面临高风险）可以作为最佳标题。故选A。