高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（练模拟），文件包含考点11--推理判断之引申推断教师版docx、考点11--推理判断之引申推断学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共78页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点11--推理判断之引申推断--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【2022届青海省西宁市高考二模】
A series of massive thunder storms hit our area recently, causing flash flooding and knocking down tree branches and even trees. I had spent the afternoon picking up branches out of my yard and throwing them away. Then just before I was getting ready to take my dogs for their last walk of the day, the warnings came on my television and over my phone that another of these storms was heading our way.
I quickly took my dogs outside. Huge clouds were rolling in while thunder boomed over the hills. I knew that the stars were shining but I certainly couldn’t see them. The darkness seemed darker and scarier than usual because I knew what was on the way. That was when I saw it. The tiniest blink of light, up high, at the far end of the grassland behind my house. I smiled. The first of the fireflies had appeared for the summer at just the time I needed to see his light. Soon a few others were blinking their lights as well. It amazed me how far their light traveled in the darkness of the night and how they didn’t seem bothered at all by the approaching storm. I spent an extra few minutes watching my lightening bug friends and taking in their message of light before heading in to get ready for the storm. As I did, though, I noticed that the darkness no longer seemed so scary and that my fear had been replaced with joy.
Life does have its share of storms, some caused by nature and some caused by us. We can’t go through life being scared of them, however. Take a lesson from the fireflies then. Let your light shine. It may seem tiny but you will be amazed at how far it can be seen and how easily it can drive the dark away.
12．What happened when the author was about to walk the dog?
A．His house was heavily damaged. B．He was encouraged to pick up the branches.
C．He was broadcasting a bad weather warning. D．Another big storm was broadcasted to be on its way.
13．Which of the following can best describe the huge clouds?
A．Normal. B．Frightening. C．Pale. D．High.
14．Why did the author smile when he saw the tiniest blink of light?
A．There would be no storm at all. B．He could then walk his dog easier.
C．He found great hope from the dark. D．He wasn’t afraid of being lost then.
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．We should always give off light when in trouble. B．Small light in life won’t help much in our life.
C．Some great troubles won’t be easily dealt with. D．We should avoid being disturbed by trouble.
【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在暴风雨来临前看到了萤火虫微弱的光芒也能传到很远，于是发现黑暗似乎不再那么可怕，自己的恐惧被快乐所取代，领悟到生活就应当如此,虽然有风雨,但仍然能闪耀自己的光芒,来驱散黑暗。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Then just before I was getting ready to take my dogs for their last walk of the day, the warnings came on my television and over my phone that another of these storms was heading our way.(然后，就在我准备带我的狗进行一天最后一次散步之前，我的电视和手机上出现了警告，又一场暴风雨正朝我们袭来)”可知，当作者正要遛狗的时候，广播上说另一场大风暴即将来临。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Huge clouds were rolling in while thunder boomed over the hills.(山上雷声隆隆，乌云滚滚而来)”可推知，巨大的云是可怕的。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It amazed me how far their light traveled in the darkness of the night and how they didn’t seem bothered at all by the approaching storm. I spent an extra few minutes watching my lightening bug friends and taking in their message of light before heading in to get ready for the storm. As I did, though, I noticed that the darkness no longer seemed so scary and that my fear had been replaced with joy.(令我惊讶的是，它们的光在黑夜中照得那么远，它们似乎对即将到来的暴风雨毫不在意。我又花了额外的几分钟观察我的萤火虫朋友们，并接收它们的光信息，然后出发准备迎接暴风雨。然而，当我这样做的时候，我发现黑暗似乎不再那么可怕，我的恐惧被快乐所取代)”可知，作者看到这些最微小的光时微笑是因为他从黑暗中找到了巨大的希望。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Life does have its share of storms, some caused by nature and some caused by us. We can’t go through life being scared of them, however. Take a lesson from the fireflies then. Let your light shine. It may seem tiny but you will be amazed at how far it can be seen and how easily it can drive the dark away.(生命中确实有风暴，有些是自然造成的，有些是我们自己造成的。然而，我们不能一辈子都被它们吓着。那就学学萤火虫吧。闪耀你的光芒。它可能看起来很小，但你会惊讶于它能看到多远，多么容易赶走黑暗)”可推知，当我们遇到麻烦的时候，我们应该发光。故选A。
2.【2022届湖南省岳阳市岳阳县高三下学期适应性考试】
"Everything happens for the best," my mother said whenever I faced disappointment. "If you can carry on, one day something good will happen. And you'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment."
Mother was right, as I discovered after graduating from college in 1932. I had decided to try for a job in radio,
then work my way up to sports announcer. I hitchhiked（搭便车）to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station-and got turned down every time. In one studio, a kind lady told me that in most cases big stations couldn't risk hiring inexperienced person. "Go out in the remote areas and find a small station that'll give you a chance," she said. I went back home to Dixon, Illinois.
While there was no radio-announcing jobs in Dixon, my father said Montgomery Ward had opened a store and wanted a local athlete to manage its sports department. Since Dixon was where I had played high school football, I applied. The job sounded just right for me.
But I wasn't hired. My disappointment must have shown. "Everything happens for the best," Mom reminded me. Dad offered me the car to hunt for jobs. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, a wonderful Scotsman named Peter MacArthur, told me they had already hired an announcer.
As I left his office, my frustration boiled over（沸溢，发怒）. I asked aloud, "How can a fellow get to be a sport announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station?" I was waiting for the elevator when I heard MacArthur calling, "What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?" Then he stood me before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game. The preceding autumn, my team had won a game in the last 20 seconds with a 65-yard run. I did a 15-minute boost to that play, and Peter told me I would be broadcasting Saturday’s game!
On my way home, as I have many times since, I thought of my mother's words: "If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment".
4．The reason why the author wasn’t hired in Chicago was probably that____
A．he showed no confidence at the stations
B．there were no job available at the stations
C．he had no experience in radio broadcasting
D．there were too many people competing with him
5．We learn from the passage that ____
A．the frustration of the author prevented him from performing well at WOC Radio
B．both of the author’s parents showed support when he was trying to search for a job
C．Peter MacArthur recognize the author’s talent in broadcasting after reading his resume.
D．the author lost all his hope and courage when he was turned down by Montgomery Ward
6．What was most likely the author’s attitude towards Peter MacArthur？
A．He was worried that Peter wouldn’t believe in his ability
B．He was afraid that his loud inner clam would annoy Peter
C．He was angry that Peter didn’t offer him a satisfying potential
D．He was grateful that Peter could notice his broadcasting potential
7．What lesson can you learn from the author’s experience in the passage?
A．Well begun is half done B．Prevention is better than cure
C．No cross, no crown D．Rome was not built in a day
【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己找工作所遇到的挫折，正好印证了作者母亲曾经说过的话“如果你坚持下去，总有一天会有好事发生。你会意识到，如果没有以前的挫折就不会有现在的一切。”
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的In one studio, a kind lady told me that in most cases big stations couldn't risk hiring inexperienced person. 可知，他被拒绝的原因可能是没有工作经验，故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段的"Everything happens for the best," Mom reminded me. Dad offered me the car to hunt for jobs. 可知，作者的父母都非常支持作者找工作，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段开头As I left his office, my frustration boiled over（沸溢，发怒）.可知，作者开始时被拒绝，心情很沮丧。然后根据本段最后and Peter told me I would be broadcasting Saturday’s game! 可知 Peter MacArthur最后给了作者这份工作机会。由此可以推出，作者的心情由怒转喜，作者对Peter MacArthur是感激的，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据作者的经历及文章最后一段的Something wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment可知 ，作者的经历让我们懂得：没有苦难，就没有成功，故选C。A. Well begun is half done 良好的开端是成功的一半；     B. Prevention is better than cure与其补救于已然，不如防止于未然；C. No cross, no crown 没有苦难，就没有成功；D.Rome was not built in a day 罗马不是一天建成的。
3.【2022届安徽省“皖南八校”高三下学期第三次联考】
Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious (会传染的), not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn’t necessarily work the same way as in people.
Scientists have proposed many theories for why we catch yawns. Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’
s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.
Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns. Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.
Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some researchers believe it is used to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars (虎皮鹦鹉) found that yawning increased as temperature was raised near body temperature.
People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is seen in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brain function. Researchers will do further study on this.
8．What can we learn about yawning from Paragraph 1?
A．All animals yawn.
B．Reading about yawning may make a person yawn.
C．Only vertebrate animals yawn.
D．Yawning works the same for human and animals.
9．Why does the author mention children with autism in Paragraph 2?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
10．Siamese fighting fish yawn to ________.
A．show kindness. B．find a partner.
C．give a threat. D．escape from danger.
11．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．More research in yawning will be carried out in the future.
B．Temperature is not a factor concerning yawning.
C．The secret to yawing has been worked out.
D．Yawning can improve brain function greatly.
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们提出的一些解释人们会打哈欠的理论。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning.(在现实生活中大约60-70%的人在看到别人打哈欠会打哈欠，或者在照片中，甚至在阅读有关打哈欠的文章时也会打哈欠。)”可知，读有关打哈欠的书可能会让人打哈欠。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.(也许最流行的理论是打哈欠是一种非语言交流的形式。打呵欠说明你已经习惯了一个人的情绪。科学证据来自康涅狄格大学(University of Connecticut) 2010年的一项研究，该研究得出结论说，直到一个孩子四岁左右，当共情技能发展起来时，打哈欠才会具有传染性。在这项研究中，患有自闭症的儿童，他们的同理心发展可能受损，比他们的同龄人更少打哈欠。)”可知，作者在第二段提到自闭症儿童来证明一个理论：打哈欠是一种非语言交流形式。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.(动物的传染性打哈欠可能作为一种交流的手段。暹罗斗鱼看到自己的镜像或其他斗鱼时会打哈欠，通常是在攻击之前。)”可知，暹罗斗鱼打哈欠以示威胁。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brain function. Researchers will do further study on this.( 一项研究发现，被剥夺睡眠的老鼠的大脑温度高于它们的核心温度。打哈欠会降低大脑温度，可能会改善大脑功能。研究人员将对此进行进一步研究。)”可推知，未来还会有更多关于打哈欠的研究。故选A。
4.【河南省中原名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期4月份适应性联考】
If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and mathematics?
It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause. Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them. Interestingly, both boys
and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine and attractive.
However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses, there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be world-wide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.
Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.
Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.
Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects, it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.
12．Girls are likely to think that ________.
A．science courses are for both boys and girls
B．science courses make them more popular
C．science courses make them successful
D．science courses are difficult for them
13．What does the underlined word “feminine” in para.2 probably mean?
A．gentle B．female C．hungry D．charming
14．What does the passage say about great mathematicians?
A．Their teachers did not supply answers to them.
B．They started learning mathematics at an earlier age.
C．They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.
D．Their success resulted from their strong interest in mathematics.
15．The author would probably agree that ________.
A．boys and girls learn in the same way
B．boys and girls are equal in general intelligence
C．girls are more confident in themselves than before
D．girls should take fewer science courses than boys
【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了女生在数学和科学方面表现不佳的原因。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys...”和“Interestingly, both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult.”可知，数学和科学被看作是男生的科目，男生和女生都认为男生的科目更难。由此可推知，女生可能认为科学课程对自己来说很难。故选D项。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys”可知，女孩不想和男孩公开竞争，划线词后的and是并列连词，结合attractive可推知，“because they are afraid to appear less feminine and attractive”意为“因为她们害怕显得不够女性化和缺乏吸引力”，划线词“feminine”意为“女性的”。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.”可知，事实表明，杰出的数学家和科学家没有老师提供过答案。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。文章第一段“If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and mathematics?”提出问题：如果男孩和女孩在一般智力上没有差异，那又有什么能解释女孩在科学和数学方面表现不佳的原因呢？接着作者谈论了造成女生在数学和科学方面表现不佳的社会原因，由此可推知，作者认为男女在一般智力方面是一样的。故选B项。
5.【2022届海南省高考全真模拟卷（三）】
My mother enters her ninth decade. Thankfully, she is blessed with good health.
I still remember ten years ago when she turned 80, she surprised my brother and me with what she described as “independent birthday”.
One day she informed us she'd booked a seven-night trip to Turkey. Alone. Because she had never been. Of course, that was absurd. There was no way my brother and I could allow that. A weak, little old lady wandering the streets of Istanbul on her own, not speaking a word of Turkish, with no knowledge of the laws and customs of the
land—it was out of the question!
She paid no attention to us. Off she went. When she returned, she told us it had been a wonderful success. As it turned out, she had barely spent any time alone, after hiring a taxi driver to show her around Istanbul for some days. He took her to all the sites—the markets, churches and restaurants. He introduced her to a blanket seller, “a lovely fellow,” and she bought some blankets. The seller took her address details and promised to ship them to Canada. They would be arriving in three or four weeks. My mother beamed (眉开眼笑) as she told this story. The blanket seller and my mother apparently built a friendship and she told him to drop by if he were ever in Canada.
To our great shock, her blankets did arrive some weeks later, along with a lovely note from the seller Mustafa. To our even greater surprise, the following year Mustafa himself arrived in Canada. He called our mother to inform her be was in Ottawa.
“I invited him over and he came by for a cup of tea. They drink a lot of tea in Turkey,” my mother told my horrified brother and me.
Her trip of independence seems to be thoughtfully based on a realization that life is to be lived. It reminded me of the line from The Shawshank Redemption: “Get busy living or get busy dying.”
4．Why did the author's mother go to Turkey alone?
A．To make the author and the brother surprised.
B．To celebrate her 80th birthday independently.
C．To prepare herself to enter het ninth decade.
D．To inform the author that she needed independence.
5．Which of the following best describes the mother's trip to Turkey on the whole?
A．Colorful. B．Boring.
C．Dangerous. D．Challenging.
6．What do we know about the blanket seller?
A．He is poor but generous. B．He is reliable and cautious.
C．He is rich but selfish. D．He is friendly and trustworthy.
7．What can we learn from the text?
A．It's never too old to learn. B．East or West, home is best.
C．Life deserves to be well lived. D．Time and tide wait for no man.
【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过母亲的独自庆生之旅，告诉我们一个道理：要好好生活。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“I still remember ten years ago when she turned 80, she surprised my brother and me with what she described as “independent birthday”. (我还记得十年前，当她80岁时，她用她所描述的“独立生日”让我和我哥哥感到惊讶。)”及第三段“One day she informed us she'd booked a seven-night trip to Turkey. Alone. Because she had never been. (有一天，她告诉我们她已经预订了七晚的土耳其之旅。独自。因为她从来都没去过。)”可知，作者的母亲去土耳其是为了单独庆祝自己的80岁生日。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段“She paid no attention to us. Off she went. When she returned, she told us it had been a wonderful success. As it turned out, she had barely spent any time alone, after hiring a taxi driver to show her around Istanbul for some days. He took her to all the sites—the markets, churches and restaurants. He introduced her to a blanket seller, “a lovely fellow,” and she bought some blankets. The seller took her address details and promised to ship them to Canada. They would be arriving in three or four weeks. My mother beamed (眉开眼笑) as she told this story. The blanket seller and my mother apparently built a friendship and she told him to drop by if he were ever in Canada. They would be arriving in three or four weeks. (她没有理会我们。她走了。当她回来时，她告诉我们这是一个了不起的成功之旅。事实证明，在雇了一名出租车司机带她去伊斯坦布尔转转几天后，她几乎没有独处过任何时间。他带她去了所有的地方——市场、教堂和餐馆。他把她介绍给一个卖毯子的人，一个可爱的家伙。她买了一些毯子。卖家拿到了她的详细地址，并承诺将其运送到加拿大。他们将在三到四周内送达。我的母亲在讲述这个故事时眉开眼笑。卖毯子的人和我母亲显然建立了友谊，她告诉他，如果他在加拿大，就顺便过来。)”可知，作者的母亲雇了司机去了市场、教堂和餐馆，司机又推荐她认识了一个卖地毯的商家，承诺把地毯给她寄到加拿大，后来卖地毯的商家又去加拿大拜访她，这说明她的这次土耳其之行经历比较丰富，多姿多彩。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“The seller took her address details and promised to ship them to Canada. They would be arriving in three or four weeks. My mother beamed (眉开眼笑) as she told this story. The blanket seller and my mother apparently built a friendship and she told him to drop by if he were ever in Canada.   (卖家拿到了她的详细地址，并承诺将其运送到加拿大。他们将在三到四周内送达。他们将在三到四周内送达。我的母亲在讲述这个故事时眉开眼笑。卖毯子的人和我母亲显然建立了友谊，她告诉他，如果他在加拿大，就顺便过来。)”及第五段“To our great shock, her blankets did arrive some weeks later, along with a lovely note from the seller Mustafa. To our even greater surprise, the following year Mustafa himself arrived in Canada. He called our mother to inform her be was in Ottawa.
(令我们大吃一惊的是，她的毯子确实在几周后送达，还有卖家Mustafa的一张可爱的便条。令我们更惊讶的是，第二年，Mustafa本人抵达了加拿大。他打电话给我们的母亲，告诉她他在渥太华。)”可知，卖地毯的商家说话算话，很友好，并且值得信任。故选D。
7．文章大意题。根据最后一段“Her trip of independence seems to be thoughtfully based on a realization that life is to be lived. It reminded me of the line from The Shawshank Redemption: “Get busy living or get busy dying.” (她的独自之旅似乎是深思熟虑地基于一种认识：生活就是要过的。这让我想起了《肖申克的救赎》中的一句话：“要么忙着生活，要么忙着死去。”)”可知，文章告诉我们了一个道理：生活就是要好好过，无论年龄大小都要活好每一天。故选C。
6.【2022届河北省石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测二（一模）】
A walk in the park may be just what the doctor ordered. A new program launched last month in Canada gives some doctors the option of providing patients with a free annual pass to the country's national parks as part of an effort to increase access to nature and the health benefits.
PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed(开处方). The program allows doctors to write more general prescriptions for time spent out in nature; two hours a week, at least 20 minutes at a time, is what PaRx director Dr. Melissa Lem suggests.
“Given the growing body of evidence that indicates nature time can improve all kinds of different physical and mental health conditions, we’re hoping that our PaRx program not only improves patient health, but reduces costs to the health-care system, and helps to grow the number of people who are more engaged environmental advocates,” said Prama Rahman, a coordinator for the BC Parks Foundation.
Doctors have been catching on, instructing their patients to turn to nature to improve their health and they're getting creative in how they do it. Dr. Robert Zarr, a doctor based in Washington, began prescribing accessible outdoor activities for his young patients and even created a searchable online database of local parks to make it easier.
But getting outside isn’t always as easy as it might sound. Income can affect one’s access to nature, an issue that PaRx is trying to address in Canada. Doctors utilizing the new national parks pass program are urged to prioritize patients who might not otherwise be able to afford these passes.
While only 100 adult passes, which give holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic sites and nature reserves, have initially been made available, organizers plan to routinely reassess this number as the program grows, the BC Parks Foundation told NPR
8．What is PaRx intended to do?
A．Qualify doctors to prescribe. B．Give patients free access to parks.
C．Promote free admission to parks. D．Advocate 20 minutes’ walk a day.
9．What does the underlined word “utilizing” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Financing. B．Setting up. C．Evaluating. D．Carrying out.
10．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The BC Parks Foundation is expanding rapidly.
B．The program has signed up 80 national parks.
C．More people will benefit from the program.
D．Those living close to parks can gain priority.
11．Which is the best title of the text?
A．PaRx, a Nature Prescription Program. B．BC Parks Foundation in Canada
C．Year-long Passes to National Parks D．A New Study on Benefits of Walk
【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了PaRx，这一健康方案的目的及实施中遇到的问题。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“A new program launched last month in Canada gives some doctors the option of providing patients with a free annual pass to the country's national parks as part of an effort to increase access to nature and the health benefits.(上个月，加拿大启动了一项新计划，让一些医生可以选择向患者提供免费的国家公园年票，作为增加接触大自然和提高健康福利而做出努力的一部分)”及第二段第一句“PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed.(PaRx，是由BC公园基金会2019发起的一项健康方案，该方案与加拿大公园合作，初期为四个省份的医生提供了100个可以用于处方的通行证)”可知，PaRx这个方案是用来给患者发放免费公园通行证的。故选B。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Doctors utilizing the new national parks pass program are urged to prioritize patients who might not otherwise be able to afford these passes.(使用新的国家公园通行证计划的医生被敦促要优先考虑那些可能负担不起这些通行证的患者)”中的后半部分可知，医生被要求给收入不高的患者优先发放免费通行证，由此可推知，医生首先得有这一项目的使用权才能给患者发放，因而划线词“utilizing”表示“使用”与“Carrying out执行”意思相近。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“While only 100 adult passes, which give holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic sites and nature reserves, have initially been made available, organizers plan to routinely
reassess this number as the program grows, the BC Parks Foundation told NPR(BC公园基金会告诉NPR，虽然只有100个成人通行证，让持有者可以进入超过80个国家公园、历史遗迹和自然保护区，但随着项目的发展组织者计划定期重新评估这一数字)”可知，目前的通行证数量不多，但组织者会定期评估数据做出调整，由此推知，这样就会有越来越多的人因此受益。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了PaRx，这一健康方案的目的及实施中遇到的问题，结合第二段第一句“PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed.(开处方)(PaRx，是由BC公园基金会2019发起的一项健康方案，该方案与加拿大公园合作，初期为四个省份的医生提供了100个可以用于处方的通行证)”可知“PaRx, a Nature Prescription Program.(PaRx，一个自然处方方案)”可以概括文章内容，适合作为本文标题。故选A。
7.【2022届湖南省岳阳市高三下学期二模】
In February of 1942, Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido thought he heard thunder coming from his cornfield. However, the sound wasn’t coming from the sky. The source was a large smoking break sending out gas and pushing out rocks. This opening would come to be known as the volcano Paricutin, and over the next 9 years, its lava and ash would cover over 200 square km. But where did this new volcano come from, and what caused its unpredictable eruption?
One of the most common causes of an eruption is an increase in magmastatic (静磁) pressure. Magma (岩浆) contains various elements and compounds. At high enough concentrations,compounds like water or sulfur (硫) form high-pressure gas bubbles. When these balls of gas reach the surface, they can burst with the force of a gunshot. And when millions of bubbles explode, the energy can send ash into the air. But before they pop or burst, they act like bubbles of CO2 in a shaken soda.
Not all eruptions are due to rising magmastatic pressure- sometimes the weight of the rock above can become dangerously low. Landslides can remove massive quantities of rock from atop a magma chamber or room, dropping the pressure and instantly touching off an eruption. This process is known as “unloading” and it’s been responsible for numerous eruptions, including the sudden explosion of Mount St. Helens in 1980. But unloading can also happen over longer periods of time due heating ice or melting glaciers. In fact, many geologists are worried that glacial melt caused by climate change could increase volcanic activity.
Unfortunately, knowing what causes eruptions doesn’t make them easy to predict. While scientists can roughly determine the strength and weight of the Earth’s crust (地壳), the depth and heat of magma chambers makes
measuring changes in magmastatic pressure very difficult. But volcanologists are constantly exploring new technology to overcome this rocky field. Advances in thermal imaging (热成像) have allowed scientists to detect underground hotspots. Spectrometers can analyze gases escaping mag ma. Hopefully, these tools will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explosive eruptions.
32．Why does the author mention the story of a farmer in the first paragraph?
A．To show the power of volcano eruption.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To introduce the volcano Paricutin.
D．To explain the reason.
33．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The bubbles of CO2. B．The ash of the volcano.
C．Gas bubbles of compounds. D．The elements of a soda.
34．Which of the following is true about the eruption of Mount St. Helens?
A．Landslides should be responsible for its eruption.
B．It began to explode over a long period of time.
C．The process of “unloading” occurred after its explosion.
D．The weight of the rock above it increased as to cause its eruption.
35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Scientists can determine the eruption of volcano in advance.
B．It is quite difficult to measure the weight of the Earth’s crust.
C．Spectrometers can help scientists to detect underground hotspots.
D．Scientists are positive about further study of volcano eruption.
【答案】32．B33．C34．A35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是火山爆发的原因。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In February of 1942, Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido thought he heard thunder coming from his cornfield. However, the sound wasn’t coming from the sky. The source was a large smoking break sending out gas and pushing out rocks. This opening would come to be known as the volcano Paricutin(1942年2月，墨西哥农民Dionisio Pulido以为他听到了从他的玉米地传来的雷声。然而，这个声音并不是来自天空。它的来源是一个大的冒烟的间歇释放气体和岩石。这个开口后来被称为帕里库廷火山)”和“But where did this
new volcano come from, and what caused its unpredictable eruption?(但是这个新火山从何而来，又是什么导致了它不可预测的喷发呢？)”可知，第一段提到一个农民的故事是为了引出火山喷发的原因这个主题，故选B。
33．词句猜测题。根据第二段的没 “At high enough concentrations,compounds like water or sulfur (硫) form high-pressure gas bubbles. When these balls of gas reach the surface(当浓度足够高时，像水或硫这样的化合物会形成高压气泡。当这些气体球到达表面时)”及they后的“can burst with the force of a gunshot(能用枪弹的力量炸开)”可知，是气泡会爆炸，they指的是水或硫这样的化合物形成的高压气泡，即Gas bubbles of compounds，故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Landslides can remove massive quantities of rock from atop a magma chamber or room, dropping the pressure and instantly touching off an eruption. This process is known as “unloading” and it’s been responsible for numerous eruptions, including the sudden explosion of Mount St. Helens in 1980.(山体滑坡可以从岩浆库或岩浆室顶部移走大量岩石，降低压力，立即引发火山爆发。这个过程被称为“卸载”，它导致了多次喷发，包括1980年圣海伦斯火山的突然爆发。)”可知，山体滑坡应该对圣海伦斯火山的爆发负责。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Spectrometers can analyze gases escaping mag ma. Hopefully, these tools will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explosive eruptions.(光谱仪可以分析岩浆逸出的气体。希望这些工具能帮助我们更好地理解这些气体破裂和爆炸爆发。)”可推断出，科学家们对火山爆发的进一步研究持积极态度。故选D。
8.【2022届福建省高三下学期4月诊断性测试】
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world’s smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit—another fruit known for its terrible smell—to make energy storing devices called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can’t store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.
Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Often called “frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supereapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs.
8．What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian?
A．Its smell. B．Its appearance.
C．Its value. D．Its popularity.
9．Which paragraph mentions Gomes’s inspiration of innovation?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
10．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Aerogels. B．Scientific uses.
C．Properties. D．Electric currents.
11．What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors?
A．They are devices for producing electricity.
B．They are chemicals from durians.
C．They are green and economical.
D．They are light and liquid.
【答案】8．A9．C10．A11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，可以使用榴莲和菠萝蜜等天然食品制造超级电容器，这样可以减少环境污染和制作成本。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but is smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places.”（榴莲是一种看起来像菠萝的水果。在一些亚洲国家，它是一种美味，但它的气味非常难闻，以至于其中一些国家禁止在公共场所食用它）可知，有些亚洲国家认为榴莲是一种美味，但因为它的气味非常难闻，所以其中一些国家禁止在公共场所食用它，由此可知，一些国家对榴莲有不同的态度是因为它的气味。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can’t store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea.”（超级电容器是电池的替代品。它们不能像普通电池那样储存能量，但充电速度要快得多。榴莲和菠萝蜜含有超级电容器中使用的一些化学物质，这让Gomes产生了这个想法）可知，文章第三段中介绍了因为榴莲和菠萝蜜含有超级电容器中使用的一些化学物质，这让Gomes获得了创新的灵感，由此可知，文章第三段提到了Gomes创新的灵感。故选C项。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials, Often called “frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents…”（气凝胶是世界上最轻的固体材料之一，通常被称为“冷冻烟雾”，它们是通过从凝胶中去除液体并用空气代替而制成的。它们有许多科学用途，但它们的一个特殊特性是传导电流的能力……）可知，上文主要介绍的是气凝胶，句中指气凝胶有许多科学用途，气凝胶的一个特殊特性是传导电流的能力，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是这使得气凝成为超级电容器的重要组成部分，由此可知，句中“them”代指的是上文提到的“Aerogels”（气凝胶）。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs.”（这一发现很重要，因为目前用于制造超级电容器的材料很昂贵。Gomes说，使用榴莲和菠萝蜜等天然食品可以减少环境污染和成本）可知，使用榴莲和菠萝蜜等天然食品制造超级电容器可以减少环境污染和成本，由此可知，关于水果超级电容器，我们能知道它们既环保又经济。故选C项。
9.【2022届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期第二次教学质量监测（二模）】
Thousands of years of domestication have left dogs with a remarkable capacity to comprehend human speech, and new research reveals that the brains of our four-legged friends are even able to differentiate between languages. Appearing in the journal Neuroimage, the new study is the first to detect such an ability in any non-human animal.
To conduct their research, the study authors trained 18 pet dogs to lie motionless inside a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner so that their brain activity could be recorded while they listened to audio recordings of human speech. Two of the dogs involved in the study came from homes that spoke Spanish, while the remaining 16 belonged to Hungarian-speaking families.
While in the scanner, each dog listened to an excerpt (节选) from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s The Little Prince in both Spanish and Hungarian. They also heard scrambled (杂乱的) versions of these recordings that made
no sense and sounded completely unnatural.
When examining the responses of the dogs’ brains to these recordings, the researchers noted that activity patterns within the animals’ primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) differed depending on whether they heard actual speech or scrambled nonsense. This suggests that dogs are indeed able to tell the difference between speech and non-speech, regardless of the language spoken.
The researchers also found that this response to language was more pronounced in older dogs, leading them to conclude that longer exposure to human speech enables pet dogs to improve their language recognition skills.
In a statement, study author Attila Andie explained these findings indicate that “the capacity to learn about the regularities of a language is not uniquely human.” However, it remains to be seen “whether this capacity is dogs’ specialty, or general among non-human species.”
“Indeed, it is possible that the brain changes from the tens of thousands of years that dogs have been living with humans have made them better language listeners, but this is not necessarily the case.”
28．What is the requirement for the dogs in the study?
A．They must be smart. B．They can study languages.
C．They must keep still. D．They can train their partners.
29．How did the researchers get their findings?
A．By consulting language experts. B．By collecting clinical data.
C．By observing the dogs’ body movements. D．By analyzing the dogs’ brain activity.
30．What can we infer about the findings from Attila Andie’s explanation?
A．They have proved his assumption. B．They need further confirming.
C．They are in line with the former ones. D．They apply to non-human species.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Older Dogs Can Learn New Tricks
B．Dogs Are Good Language Learners
C．Older Dogs Are Humans’ Perfect Partners
D．Dogs Can Distinguish Different Languages
【答案】28．C29．D30．B31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过研究发现狗具有语言识别能力。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“To conduct their research, the study authors trained 18 pet dogs to lie motionless
inside a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner(为了进行研究，该研究的作者们训练了18只宠物狗，让它们躺在功能性磁共振成像扫描仪里一动不动)”可知，研究对狗的要求是他们必须保持安静。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“so that their brain activity could be recorded while they listened to audio recordings of human speech.(这样当它们听人类讲话的音频录音时，它们的大脑活动就可以被记录下来。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析狗的大脑活动得到他们的发现的。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, it remains to be seen “whether this capacity is dogs’ specialty, or general among non-human species.”(然而，“这种能力是狗的专长，还是在非人类物种中普遍存在，还有待观察。”)”可推断，他们仍然需要进一步确认。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thousands of years of domestication have left dogs with a remarkable capacity to comprehend human speech, and new research reveals that the brains of our four-legged friends are even able to differentiate between languages.(经过数千年的驯化，狗已经拥有了理解人类语言的非凡能力，新的研究表明，我们这些四条腿的朋友的大脑甚至能够区分语言。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们通过研究发现狗具有语言识别能力。所以“Dogs Can Distinguish Different Languages(狗能区分不同的语言)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
10.【2022届广西桂林、崇左、贺州、河池、来宾市高三联合模拟】
Recently, Facebook has changed its corporate name to Meta. The company said it would better include what it does, as it broadens its reach beyond social media into areas like virtual reality (VR). The CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the existing brand could not possibly represent everything that they’re doing today, let alone in the future. He also revealed the company’s plans to build a “metaverse (元宇宙)” — an online world where people can game, work and communicate in a virtual environment.
The term “metaverse” was invented by author Neal Stephenson in Snow Crash, a science fiction published in 1992. In the work, the metaverse is a sort of 3D virtual world. It’s not simply a virtual reality game but is a persistent and shared virtual world. Or rather, the metaverse is a whole universe of shared virtual spaces seemingly linked together — you could, essentially, teleport (瞬移) between them.
Metaverse combined at the very least five technologies — they are social media, online game, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and cryptocurrency (加密货币). Those technologies will bring users to an interactive world. AR and VR are vital for Metaverse. VR serves to present the virtual world visually and then AR will provide the audio and sensors for people to be able to interact. With Metaverse, Facebook will offer not only a
texting service but also a multi-perspective virtual touch that feels like a real thing.
Facebook said that it plans to create 10,000 jobs in Europe over the next five years to work on metaverse-related endeavours (活动). The company also has introduced Oculus-branded virtual-reality headsets, and it joined with Ray-Ban to develop smart sunglasses that went on sale for $299. “Over time, I hope that we are seen as a metaverse company and I want to anchor our work and our identity on what we’re building towards,” Mark Zuckerberg said. “I view this work as critical to our mission because delivering a sense of presence — like you’re right there with another person — that’s the highest goal of online social experiences,” he said.
12．Why has Facebook changed its corporate name?
A．To lead the gaming industry.
B．To cover its extended business.
C．To improve its corporate image.
D．To attract investment for its new plans.
13．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The introduction to the VR game.
B．The future with 3D virtual world.
C．The origin of the word “metaverse”.
D．The importance of the novel Snow Crash.
14．What do we know about Metaverse?
A．It has a wide range of applications.
B．It offers people deeply interactive experiences.
C．It enables people to enjoy a free texting service.
D．It uses the five technologies to explore the universe.
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．There will be fierce competition in the metaverse market.
B．Facebook will focus on designing virtual devices.
C．Metaverse will be the center of online experience studies.
D．Facebook will be devoted to developing the metaverse.
【答案】12．B13．C14．B15．D

【解析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述Facebook将把公司更名为Meta（元），并希望人们将其视为“元宇宙公司”，Facebook将致力于元宇宙的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The company said it would better include what it does, as it broadens its reach beyond social media into areas like virtual reality (VR).(该公司表示，随着公司将业务范围从社交媒体扩大到虚拟现实（VR）等领域，它将更好地涵盖自己的业务)”可知，脸书改变公司名字是因为这个名字能够覆盖其扩大的业务。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“The term “metaverse” was invented by author Neal Stephenson in Snow Crash, a science fiction published in 1992. In the work, the metaverse is a sort of 3D virtual world. It’s not simply a virtual reality game but is a persistent and shared virtual world. Or rather, the metaverse is a whole universe of shared virtual spaces seemingly linked together — you could, essentially, teleport (瞬移) between them.(“元宇宙”一词是由作家尼尔·斯蒂芬森在1992年出版的科幻小说《雪崩》中发明的。在这部作品中，元宇宙是一种3D虚拟世界。这不仅仅是一款虚拟现实游戏，而是一个持久和共享的虚拟世界。或者更确切地说，元宇宙是一个共享的虚拟空间的整个宇宙，似乎联系在一起——本质上，你可以在它们之间瞬移)”可推断，本段主要介绍了“元宇宙”一词的来源。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Those technologies will bring users to an interactive world. AR and VR are vital for Metaverse. VR serves to present the virtual world visually and then AR will provide the audio and sensors for people to be able to interact.(这些技术将把用户带入一个互动世界。AR和VR对“元宇宙”至关重要。VR是为了将虚拟世界视觉化呈现出来，而AR则为人们提供音频和传感器使人们能够互动)”可知，“元宇宙”为人们提供了深刻的互动体验。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Facebook said that it plans to create 10,000 jobs in Europe over the next five years to work on metaverse-related endeavours (活动).(脸书说，它计划在欧洲创造10000个就业机会在未来五年致力于与元宇宙有关的活动)”和“Over time, I hope that we are seen as a metaverse company and I want to anchor our work and our identity on what we’re building towards(随着时间推移，我希望我们被视为一家元宇宙公司，并打算将我们的工作和身份定位于我们正在构建的目标)”可推断，脸书将致力于发展元宇宙。故选D。
11.【辽宁省名校联盟2022届高三二轮复习联考（一）新高考Ⅱ卷】
I opened the freezer and put in the cake—a sheet cake with my son's name in red and black frosting—the colors of the University of UGA, where Laughlin, my youngest, would graduate in May.
But now there would be no graduation because of the pandemic (流行病). I had been looking forward to Laughlin's graduation. I'm a UGA graduate, too, but I didn't attend my graduation ceremony because I received an
Army commission (任命) as an air defense officer.
“No graduation!” I said, a bit annoyed that my son, finishing coursework at home, didn't seem bothered. “I need to focus on my classes and get a job, Mom,” he said. But Laughlin didn't know what he was missing. Years later, I still regretted skipping my UGA ceremony. I'd been planning the celebrations for Laughlin since January.
Every day the pandemic worsened. Then, one day, Laughlin's diploma arrived in a black-and-red tube by mail. I pulled the cake out of the freezer and served it halfheartedly. Laughlin found a job and moved to Atlanta to live alone.
One fall evening, a student called from the UGA．“Did your son participate in the graduation ceremony last week?” the young man asked. “What ceremony?” I screamed. “The one at the stadium,” the student said. “To make up for the cancellation in spring.”
I dialed the office of the dean of student affairs. “Why wasn't I notified?” “Mrs. Smith, we sent an announcement to your son's school email,” said the woman who took my call.
I called up Laughlin. “Why didn't you call me?” I asked. “Mom, I did hear about the ceremony and I knew you'd make me go, so I didn't say anything. Why would I risk my family's life for a ceremony? You and Dad are in a vulnerable age group. No way would I do that.”
Laughlin's diploma rested beside the phone. I felt tears in my eyes.
4．Why did the author expect her son's graduation ceremony so much?
A．To show off her son's excellence. B．To pay a visit to the university once more.
C．To deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony. D．To make up for her own missing graduation ceremony.
5．What was the author concerned about?
A．Her son would miss a good job. B．Her son would regret in the future.
C．Her son would skip the classes. D．Her son would move to another city.
6．Which words can best describe Laughlin?
A．Humorous and honest. B．Energetic and courageous.
C．Independent and caring. D．Responsible and sensitive.
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Mrs. Smith was moved by her son's words.
B．Mrs. Smith was excited to see Laughlin's diploma at first.
C．Mrs. Smith abandoned her graduation ceremony sadly.
D．Mrs. Smith gave up holding the graduation party.
【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一直期待参加小儿子的毕业典礼，但是由于疫情典礼被取消了，作者很遗憾。作者后来得知学校上周补办了典礼仪式，但是她的儿子担心疫情影响父母的健康没有告知他们，作者很生气，但听到了儿子的解释后最终解开了没有参加毕业典礼的心结。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“I'm a UGA graduate, too, but I didn't attend my graduation ceremony because I received an Army commission (任命) as an air defense officer.(我也是佐治亚大学的毕业生，但我没有参加毕业典礼，因为我被任命为陆军防空军官。)”和第三段倒数第二句“Years later, I still regretted skipping my UGA ceremony.(几年后，我仍然后悔没有参加佐治亚大学的毕业典礼。)”可知，作者当年没有参加自己的毕业典礼，多年以后仍为这件事感到后悔。由此可推知，作者之所以如此期待她儿子的毕业典礼，是因为想要弥补自己错过的毕业典礼。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“But Laughlin didn't know what he was missing. Years later, I still regretted skipping my UGA ceremony. I'd been planning the celebrations for Laughlin since January.( 但劳克林不知道他错过了什么。几年后，我仍然后悔没有参加佐治亚大学的毕业典礼。我从一月份就开始筹划劳克林的庆祝活动了。)”可知，作者担心她的儿子将来会后悔没有参加毕业典礼。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Laughlin found a job and moved to Atlanta to live alone.(劳克林找到了一份工作，搬到亚特兰大独自生活。)”可推知，Laughlin很独立；根据倒数第二段中的“Why would I risk my family’s life for a ceremony? You and Dad are in a vulnerable age group. No way would I do that.(我为什么要为了一个仪式拿我家人的生命冒险？你和爸爸处在一个脆弱的年龄段。我不会那么做的。)”可推知，Laughlin很体贴。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I called up Laughlin. “Why didn't you call me?” I asked. “Mom, I did hear about the ceremony and I knew you'd make me go, so I didn't say anything. Why would I risk my family's life for a ceremony? You and Dad are in a vulnerable age group. No way would I do that.”(我打电话给劳克林。“你为什么不打电话给我？”我问。“妈妈，我确实听说了这个仪式，我知道你会让我去的，所以我什么也没说。我为什么要为了一个仪式拿我家人的生命冒险？你和爸爸处在一个脆弱的年龄段。我不会那么做的。”)”可知，因为疫情，Laughlin担心父母的健康而选择不告诉母亲毕业典礼的事。同时根据最后一段最后一句“I felt tears in my eyes.(我觉得眼里含着泪水。)”可推知，Mrs. Smith被儿子的话感动了。故选A。
12.【辽宁省名校联盟2022届高三二轮复习联考（一）新高考Ⅱ卷】
Many parents of elementary and middle school students are wondering if they should send off their kids with a
phone.
“What we know is that there is not a magic age for when to get a child a smartphone, but by age 11, 53% of the kids have their own smartphone,” said Kelly Mendoza, a vice president at Common Sense Media, a nonprofit group focusing on responsible media use. The figure comes from a 2019 survey the organization conducted of more than 1,600 people between the ages of 8 and 18 in the US. “Sixth grade is a big transition for kids, when they start middle school and start to have more independence,” she said.
Even though middle school is a turning point for many parents in making the leap, Ms. Mendoza said age isn’t as important as a child’s maturity. She said parents can assess their children’s phone readiness by asking themselves the following questions: Do they show a sense of responsibility? Are they responsible for their things? Would they be able to resist texting or scrolling in class?
It is also wise to assess whether there are legitimate needs for children to have a smartphone, such as being able to communicate while taking public transportation, or being reminded to take medication.
Many kids start asking for a phone once their friends have one. The requests can start as early as elementary school, but the peer pressure heats up in middle school.
Understanding your children's motivation can help you decide. Do they just want one because they want to fit in? Are they being excluded from social interactions, such as group texts?
Before they power a phone up for the first time, experts say you should talk to them about your expectations for its use, and the consequences for losing or damaging the phone or for violating school rules, which include when and where the phone should be used, where it should be charged up at night, how to treat others on social media and how to report cyberbullying.
8．Which of the following may Kelly Mendoza agree with?
A．It doesn't matter when parents get their children a phone.
B．When to get children a phone depends more on maturity than age.
C．Parents should give their children a phone when they are eleven.
D．Middle school students should have a phone of their own.
9．What does the underlined word “legitimate" mean in paragraph 4?
A．Flexible. B．Ambiguous. C．Reasonable. D．Adorable.
10．What can help when parents consider giving a child a phone?
A．Children's purpose. B．The survey's figure.
C．Parents' expectations. D．Schools' special rules.
11．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Kids should have higher expectations for the phone uses.
B．Parents should inform their kids they should use phones properly.
C．Kids should follow the rules in case they lose or damage their phones.
D．Parents should guide their kids on how to power a phone up for the first time.
【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。现在，许多中小学生的家长思考着是否该让孩子带着手机上学。专家提示，在孩子第一次开机之前，你应该跟他们谈谈你对他们使用手机的期望，还有丢失或损坏手机或违反校规的后果。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“What we know is that there is not a magic age for when to get a child a smartphone, but by age 11, 53% of the kids have their own smartphone (我们所知道的是送孩子智能手机是没有所谓黄金年龄的，但在11岁之前，53%的孩子拥有了自己的智能手机)”以及第三段第一句“Even though middle school is a turning point for many parents in making the leap, Ms. Mendoza said age isn’t as important as a child’s maturity. (门多萨说，尽管对许多家长来说，中学阶段是实现这一转变的一个转折点，但年龄并不重要，重要的是孩子是否成熟)”可知，B选项“什么时候给孩子买手机更多地取决于孩子的成熟程度而不是年龄”的观点Kelly Mendoza会同意。故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as being able to communicate while taking public transportation, or being reminded to take medication”可知，比如在乘坐公共交通工具时能跟人联系或者接收服药提醒，可见评估孩子是否有使用智能手机的合理需求也是明智的。故画线词意为“合理的”。A. Flexible.灵活的；B. Ambiguous.模糊的；C. Reasonable.合理的；D. Adorable.可爱的。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Understanding your children's motivation can help you decide. (了解孩子的动机可以帮助你做出决定)”可知，了解孩子的（使用手机的）动机有助于你做决定。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Before they power a phone up for the first time, experts say you should talk to them about your expectations for its use, and the consequences for losing or damaging the phone or for violating school rules, which include when and where the phone should be used, where it should be charged up at night, how to treat others on social media and how to report cyberbullying.(专家说，在孩子第一次开机之前，你应该跟他们谈谈你对他们使用手机的期望，还有丢失或损坏手机或违反校规的后果。基本规则包括何时和何地使用手机、夜间在何处充电、如何在社交媒体上与他人相处以及如何举报网络霸凌)”
可推知，作者在最后一段向读者传递的信息是：家长应告知孩子正确使用手机。故选B。
13.【2022届山东省 聊城市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】
Lily, 17 and Evie, 15, love cooking and regularly practice their skills. “Both of us obviously love cooking and are very passionate about the state of our city in which we want to make a change for the better,” Evie told Yahoo Life.
Though the teens are too young to become politicians, they often used their baking skills to help with campaigns that try to make their city better. In their spare time, they baked cupcakes and then sold them to raise money. According to Yahoo life, they raised a total of 30 ,000 dollars (about 191,000 yuan) in their first fundraiser.
“Once you get a taste for making a difference in the world, you can’t stop,” Lily added.
After this success, the sisters continued helping others. New American Pathways is an Atlanta-based nonprofit organization that helps refugees (难民). Though the organization has tried its best to support newly arrived refugees, it’s unable to do everything for them. Many young Afghan refuges don’t have backpacks and other school supplies.
As teen students, the sisters understood how important school supplies are. So they decided to give a hand to these young refugees. At the suggestion of the organization, they started a bake sale to raise funds. Whenever they had the time, they would bake desserts by themselves or called for families and neighbors to join in with them.
With their great work, they ended up getting 240 filled backpacks.
“Knowing that each backpack would be held by a kid that might not have had a backpack at all felt really good, and I was excited to know that we could fuel their love of learning.” Evie told the website Inspiration Post.
They also hope to inspire others to make a difference no matter how small it is.“No matter how small you might feel your voice is,” Lily told Daily Viral News, “just know that you can make a difference in your community. You just have to go for it.”
4．How did Lily and Evie make their city better?
A．They used their hobby to make a difference.
B．They tried to become politicians.
C．They called for the public to raise money.
D．They launched an environmental campaign.
5．What did Lily and Evie do for young Afghan refugees?
A．Baking desserts for free.
B．Persuading passers-by to start a sale.
C．Promoting 240 filled backpacks.
D．Earning money for school supplies by baking.
6．What can be inferred about the kids from paragraph 7?
A．They wouldn’t suffer hunger.
B．Their passion for learning would be greater.
C．They would love their school.
D．Their love for cooking would be inspired.
7．What can we learn from Lily and Evie’s story? .
A．Skill comes with practice.
B．Success results from helping others.
C．A small act of kindness matters.
D．Voluntary work needs more money.
【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Lily和Evie喜欢烹饪，经常练习厨艺，他们通过出售自己做的糕点来筹集资金，帮助有需要的人。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Lily, 17 and Evie, 15, love cooking and regularly practice their skills.(17岁的莉莉和15岁的伊芙喜欢烹饪，经常练习厨艺)”和第二段的“Though the teens are too young to become politicians, they often used their baking skills to help with campaigns that try to make their city better.(虽然这些十几岁的孩子还太小，不能成为政治家，但他们经常用自己的烘焙技能来帮助那些试图让他们的城市变得更好的活动)”可知，莉莉和伊芙用自己的爱好来发挥作用使城市变得更好，故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many young Afghan refuges don’t have backpacks and other school supplies.(许多年轻的阿富汗难民没有背包和其他学习用品)”和第五段的“At the suggestion of the organization, they started a bake sale to raise funds.(在该组织的建议下，她们开始了一场糕饼义卖来筹集资金)”和第六段的“With their great work, they ended up getting 240 filled backpacks.(由于她们的出色工作，她们最终获得了240个装满的背包)”可知，Lily和Evie为年轻的阿富汗难民通过烘焙来赚钱买学习用品。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第七段的“Knowing that each backpack would be held by a kid that might not have had a backpack at all felt really good, and 1 was excited to know that we could fuel their love of learning.(知道每个背包都由一个根本没有背包的孩子抱着，感觉真的很好，我很兴奋，知道我们可以激发他们对学习的热爱)”可知，从第七段我们可以推断出孩子们的学习热情会更强。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“They also hope to inspire others to make a difference no matter how small it is.“No matter how small you might feel your voice is,” Lily told Daily Viral News, “just know that you can make a difference in your community. You just have to go for it.”(她们也希望激励其他人做出改变，无论这是多么小的事情。“不管你觉得自己的声音有多小，”莉莉告诉Daily Viral News，“只要知道你可以在你的社区做出改变。你只要去争取就行了。”)”可知，我们能从Lily和Evie的故事中学到一个小小的善举很重要，即A small act of kindness matters，故选C。
14.【广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试】
Proper Care and Use of a Microscope
A microscope is a useful instrument for observing small objects. By producing a magnified image, the microscope reveals details that are undetectable to the naked eye.
Before using the microscope, please read the instructions below.

CAUTION:
Microscopes are both delicate and expensive and must be handled with care.
1. Always carry the microscope with two hands —— one supporting the base and the other on the arm.
2. Avoid placing the power cable of the lamp across a walkway.
3. Keep the stage clean and always use a glass slide for specimens.
4. To avoid damaging the glass slide when focusing, begin with the lens close to the specimen and gradually back off to focus.
5. Keep the microscope covered to prevent the buildup of dust while it is being stored.
_________________________:
1. Plug in the lamp.
2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.
3. Adjust the mirror so is reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light will turn up when you look through the eyepiece.
4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on the stage. If it is a wet slide, be sure the bottom of the slide is dry.
5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob to lower the lens to the lowest point.
6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. Slowly raise the lens until the focus is relatively clear.
7. Use the fine focus knob to fine-tune the focus.
8. Without changing the focus knobs, switch to the HIGH POWER objective lens. Once you have switched to HIGH POWER, use only the fine focus knob to make the image sharper.
1．Which of the following pictures of carrying a microscope is right?
A． B．
C． D．
2．Which of the following would be proper to fill in the blank?
A．HOW TO CLEAN THE MICROSCOPE B．HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE
C．HOW TO REPAIR THE MICROSCOPE D．HOW TO USE THE FOCUS KNOB
3．According to the passage, you can see a complete circle of light ______.
A．after correctly adjusting the mirror
B．when slowly raising the objective lens
C．before positioning the mirror correctly
D．while looking at the specimen on a slide
【答案】1．C2．B3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了如何护理和使用显微镜。
1．细节理解题。根据“Always carry the microscope with two hands —— one supporting the base and the other on the arm.”（总是用两只手拿显微镜——一只手托着底座，另一只手托着显微镜的臂部。）可知，C选项是正确的方式。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据“1. Plug in the lamp.2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.3. Adjust the mirror so is reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light will turn up when you look through the eyepiece…”（1. 把灯插上。2.把你想观察的东西的样本放在幻灯片上。3.调整目镜，使光线从空间向上反射到物镜。当目镜调整正确后，当你透过目镜看时，会看到一个完整的光圈…….）可知,空处在说明如何使用显微镜。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据“3. Adjust the mirror so is reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light will turn up when you look through the eyepiece”（3.调整目镜，使光线从空间向上反射到物镜。当目镜调整正确后，当你透过目镜看时，会看到一个完整的光圈）可知，根据文章，正确调整目镜后，可以看到一个完整的光圈。故选A项。
15.【2022届江西省八所重点中学高三4月联考】
An Asda driver has been hailed after he saved an elderly couple from a gas leak and walked nine miles in the snow to complete his deliveries.
Ron Teskowski, from Leeds, was meant to be on a day off when he discovered the gas leak. When he visited the elderly couple, he could smell gas and noticed they were at a loss of what to do, so he began to check the home, finding that an unlit hob (炉盘) had been left turned on for hours. He raised the alarm and was thanked for his potentially life-saving act at the time. Later he was recognized in the Extra Mile category at the Microlise Driver of the Year Awards.
Ron had been forced to abandon his car due to the conditions following a heavy snowfall in the region, but he was determined to reach his customers. He walked nine miles to work before taking out a full delivery.
His round that day took four hours longer than usual, but he saw how desperate some customers were and how appreciative they were when he arrived. He took out an extra delivery, arriving back to his base in Leeds after midnight.
Simon Gregg, Asda’s vice president of online grocery, said. “We’re really proud of Ron for winning this award for going the extra mile. Ron demonstrates the Asda values every day of going above and beyond to ensure our customers get their orders. He also identified a life-threatening issue with an elderly couple when out driving and got help and support. We’re really proud of him.”
Transport manager Charlotte Naylor said, “We’re massively appreciative of Ron, and get flooded with positive customer feedback about him on a regular basis.”
24．How did Ron notice there was a gas leak?
A．By checking the home. B．By asking the old couple.
C．By his sense of smell. D．By raising the alarm.
25．Why did Ron spend much longer time taking a full delivery that day?
A．His car broke down in the heavy snow.
B．He helped people repair the gas.
C．He visited old friends on the way.
D．He walked to reach his customers.
26．What can we infer from what Charlotte Naylor said?
A．Asda is grateful for the work of its employees.
B．Asda’s value is to provide people with the best service.
C．Many customers send letters to praise Ron for his work.
D．Asda has been well supported by their customers.
27．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Asda driver won an award for going the extra mile.
B．Asda driver saved an elderly couple from a gas explosion.
C．Customers were left desperate in bad weather.
D．Customers felt grateful for Asda’s effort.
【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿斯达的司机因多跑了英里数而获奖。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When he visited the elderly couple, he could smell gas and noticed they were at a loss of what to do, so he began to check the home, finding that an unlit hob (炉盘) had been left turned on for hours.(当他去拜访那对老夫妇时，他能闻到煤气味，并注意到他们不知道该怎么办，所以他开始检查家里，发现一个没有点燃的炉子已经开了好几个小时了。)”可知，Ron通过他的嗅觉发现煤气泄漏了。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He walked nine miles to work before taking out a full delivery.(他走了9英里去上班，然后取出了一份完整的快递。)”可知，那天，Ron花了很长时间去取全套快递，因为他是步行去找顾客的。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Transport manager Charlotte Naylor said, “We’re massively appreciative of Ron, and get flooded with positive customer feedback about him on a regular basis.”(运输经理夏洛特·内勒说:“我们非常感谢罗恩，经常会收到大量关于他的积极的客户反馈。”)”可知，根据Charlotte Naylor所说的话我们能推断出许多客户来信称赞罗恩的工作。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An Asda driver has been hailed after he saved an elderly couple from a gas leak and walked nine miles in the snow to complete his deliveries.( 阿斯达的一名司机因救了一对煤气泄漏的老夫妇，并在雪中走了9英里来完成送货，而受到人们的欢迎。)”和文章第二段“Later he was recognized in the Extra Mile category at the Microlise Driver of the Year Awards.( 后来，他被认可获得了在额外的英里类别的Microlise司机年度奖。)”可知，文章主要讲述了阿斯达的司机因多跑了英里数而获奖。故选A。
16.【2022届广东省肇庆市高中毕业班第三次教学质量检测】
A hungry badger (獾) searching for food seems to have uncovered what turned out to be hundreds of Roman coins in a Spanish cave, according to a new study.
Archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance to a small cave in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021. The researchers suspect that the coins were unearthed by a badger from a nearby den (兽窝) after a heavy snow which made it harder for animals to find food. The hungry badger probably got into the cave looking for food but came across the coins instead.
After fully exploring the cave, researchers collected 209 coins dating to between the third and fifth centuries A．D．“To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in n cave in northern Spain,” the researchers wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an “exceptional find”.
In the late 1930s, a collection of 14 gold Roman coins, known as the Chapipi treasure, was also found in the same woodlands. The researchers believe that local people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region. The most recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado collection
dates to A．D．430, which was after the Suebi—a group of Germanic people originally from modern-day Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Romans out of Spain in A．D．409, according to El Pais.
The researchers suspect that the newly-discovered coins are part of a vaster treasure and will return to the cave for further exploration to look for more coins and evidence that the cave may also have been the home of displaced Roman people. “We want to know if it was a one-off hiding place, or if there was a group of humans living there,” lead researcher Alfonso Fanjul Peraza told El Pais.
4．Where did the researchers find the first few coins in 2021?
A．Near a Spanish cave. B．On a Spanish playground.
C．At the entrance to a woodland. D．In a badger’s den.
5．What do the researchers think of the discovery in 2021?
A．It’s dangerous. B．It’s timely. C．It’s meaningless. D．It’s unusual.
6．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．The Romans. B．The coins. C．The woodlands. D．The researchers.
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．More information may be revealed by the coins.
B．The ancient Roman people had a unique lifestyle.
C．The researchers doubt the former guess of the coins.
D．The researchers will return the coins to the Roman people.
【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了在西班牙境内，一只獾在觅食时偶然发现了藏有罗马硬币的洞穴，考古学家们通过全面探索，在洞内发现了迄今为止数量最大的罗马硬币。接下来，他们将返回洞穴进行进一步的探索，希望有更多有价值的考古发现。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句“Archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance to a small cave in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021.(2021年4月，考古学家在西班牙北部格拉多郊外林地的一个小洞穴入口处首次发现了地上的几枚硬币)”可知，考古学家在西班牙境内的一个洞穴附近发现了几枚硬币。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“‘To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in a cave in northern Spain,’ the researchers wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an ‘exceptional find’.(研究人员在论文中写道：‘到目前为止，这是在西班牙北部的一个洞穴中发现的数量最大的罗马硬币。’
他们把这一发现描述为‘非凡的发现’。)”可知，此处exceptional意为“不寻常的，罕见的”，与D项unusual(不寻常的，罕见的)语意相同。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“The researchers believe that local people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region. (研究人员认为，在这一地区政治动荡的时期，当地人可能把硬币埋了起来，以保证它们的安全)”可知，them指代句中的their coins。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers suspect that the newly-discovered coins are part of a vaster treasure and will return to the cave for further exploration to look for more coins and evidence that the cave may also have been the home of displaced Roman people. ‘We want to know if it was a one-off hiding place, or if there was a group of humans living there,’ lead researcher Alfonso Fanjul Peraza told El Pais.(研究人员怀疑，新发现的硬币是一个更大的宝藏的一部分，并将返回洞穴进行进一步的探索，以寻找更多的硬币和证据，该洞穴可能也是流离失所的罗马人的家园。首席研究员阿方索·凡朱尔·佩拉扎告诉《国家报》说:“我们想知道这个洞穴是否是一个一次性的藏身之处，还是曾经有一群人类居住在那里。’)”可知，这一段介绍了研究人员根据已有发现的猜测和继续研究的计划，结合Alfonso Fanjul Peraza的话可知，此次发现的金币可能会带来更多的考古发现。故选A项。
17.【2022届山东省济南市高三3月模拟】
Whether it be a person, an animal, or even an insect, a mother's instincts （本能）are never wrong. This idea rings true for a mother cat who acted fast and sought out help when her kittens were in trouble. This mother cat's quick thinking may have just saved her babies.
In the urban district of Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked into a regular hospital holding a kitten in her mouth. As the mother cat moved through the hospital, people were surprised to see such a sight, but let her pass. The mother cat asked for help, crying for a   long time. She was familiar to the hospital staff, who had been leaving her food and water outside, but they were unaware that she had given birth to kittens.
The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren't able to open their eyes. After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets （兽医）and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited." Later, they were sent to an animal hospital for further care. The cats are now up for adoption and will hopefully find loving forever homes.
When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect
them from any threat or danger. Without the mother cat's help, the kittens may not make it to adulthood.
As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother's love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.
4．Why did the mother cat show up in the hospital?
A．To seek out food.
B．To express thanks.
C．To get her babies treated.
D．To give birth to her babies.
5．How did the doctors help the baby cat?
A．They built them a home.
B．They adopted all of them.
C．They gave them right medicine.
D．They operated on them immediately.
6．What makes newly-born cats dependent on their mothers?
A．Their physical state.
B．Their eating habit.
C．Their appearance.
D．Their behavior.
7．What can we learn from the story?
A．A cat has nine lives.
B．Love makes a difference.
C．One good turn deserves another.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
【答案】4．C5．C6．A7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在土耳其有一只猫妈妈叼着刚出生不久的小猫出现在了医院来寻求帮助。猫妈妈展现出的母爱令很多人感动。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time. （母猫哭了很长时间，来寻求帮助。）”以及第三段“After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets （兽医）and gave medicine as
described.（医生们看了这些小猫后，发现它们患有眼部感染。其中一位医生回忆道：“我们咨询了兽医，并按照描述给了它们药物。）”可知，母猫带着刚出生不久的小猫去医院是为了让人们帮她治疗小猫的病。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets （兽医）and gave medicine as described.（医生们看了这些小猫后，发现它们患有眼部感染。其中一位医生回忆道：“我们咨询了兽医，并按照描述给了它们药物。）”可知，医生咨询了兽医之后给了小猫一些合适的药物。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“ Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect them from any threat or danger. （因为它们在两三周大之前都是看不见并且几乎是听不到东西，所以母猫必须保护它们免受任何威胁或危险。）”可知，小猫刚出生时的身体状态让它们必须依靠猫妈妈生活。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother's love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.（正如土耳其的母猫所示，母亲的爱和保护是无限的。无论妈妈是人还是猫，妈妈们都会一直照顾孩子，确保他们安全健康。）”可推知，这个故事中是母猫的爱让小猫活了下去，所以无论是人还是猫，他们对孩子的爱可以改变一切。故选B。
18.【河北省神州智达省级联测2021-2022学年高三下学期第六次考试】
A culture guide named Persephone welcomes travellers to Greece and takes them through a famous cave in the north. The guide moves smoothly around the underground area and can talk about it in 33 languages. It can also answer 33 questions, but only in the Greek language.
Persephone is intelligent and it is a human-sized robot. The robot has been in operation for about a month at the Alistrati Cave. Persephone guides visitors through the first 150 metres of the cave that is open to the public. For the remaining 750 metres, a human guide takes over.
The idea of creating the robot guide was put forward by Nikos Kartalis, who is the scientific director at the Alistrati site. He had this idea when he saw one on television guiding visitors at an art show. Persephone was built by the National Technology and Research Foundation and cost about 139,000 dollars. “People who had visited in the past are coming back to see the robot guide,” said Nikos. “Many foreign visitors couldn’t believe Greece had the ability to build a robot and use it as a guide in the cave.”
The robot, with a white body, black head, and two bright eyes, moves on wheels. It guides visitors to the first three of eight stops along the walkway. It can do two more stops, but it is too slow for the tour. Persephone’
s creators are considering ways to increase her speed. The robot begins the tour by saying, “My name is Persephone. I welcome you to the Alistrati Cave. ”
Evdokia Karafera is a human guide who partners with Persephone. “It is helpful, because it speaks many languages,” she said. “There’s just a little delay in the touring. Most find it fascinating, especially the children, and find it interesting that it speaks many languages. Robots, at some point in the future, will take over many jobs. But I believe they cannot take the place of humans everywhere.”
32．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?
A．Persephone’s hobby. B．Persephone’s intelligence.
C．Persephone’s job. D．Persephone’s operating principle.
33．What might be the foreign visitors’ first reaction when seeing Persephone?
A．Surprised. B．Delighted. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened.
34．What is a disadvantage of Persephone according to paragraph 4?
A．Its limited colour of its body.
B．Its slow speed.
C．Its unstable moving patterns.
D．Its short greeting. .
35．What does Evdokia want to stress in the last paragraph?
A．Persephone is intended to attract the children,
B．Persephone is helpless in making the site famous.
C．Robots will play a less important role in the future.
D．Robots are unable to replace humans everywhere.
【答案】32．C33．A34．B35．D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了希腊一个会说33种语言的机器人。它可以引导游客参观洞穴。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Persephone guides visitors through the first 150 metres of the cave that is open to the public. For the remaining 750 metres, a human guide takes over.(Persephone引导游客穿过对公众开放的前150米的洞穴。剩下的750米，由一名向导负责。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是机器人导游Persephone的主要用途。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Many foreign visitors couldn’t believe Greece had the ability to build a robot and use it as a guide in the
cave.(许多外国游客都不相信希腊有能力制造一个机器人，并把它当作洞穴里的向导。)”可知，看到希腊有机器人担任洞穴导游，外国游客感到非常惊讶。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段的“It can do two more stops, but it is too slow for the tour.(它可以多停两站，但对整个旅行来说太慢了。)”可知，机器人导游Persephone移动速度慢，这是它的不足之处。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But I believe they cannot take the place of humans everywhere.(但我相信它们不可能在任何地方取代人类。)”可知，Evdokia在最后一段想要强调机器人无法在任何地方取代人类。故选D。
19.【2022届江西省萍乡市高三第一次质量检测】
It's no secret that inhaling(吸入)smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on the research that found wildfire smoke is full of thousands of species of microorganisms(微生物).Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌抱子).are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plants or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply after fires. Scientists say the organisms stick with smoke particulates(颗粒物), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant number could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking, could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?"
Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory(呼吸的)issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer protective means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing
recommendations when air quality is poor-including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.
8．What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?
A．Some could reproduce after fires.
B．They could be killed by high heat.
C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
D．Some could copy the smoke particulates.
9．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A．They will cause lung infection. B．They might worsen lung diseases.
C．They will destroy living environments. D．They might damage respiratory systems.
10．Why are lower-income people suffering more than others according to Kelsey Jack?
A．They live in poor areas. B．They drive to and from work·
C．They have suffered from lung disease. D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
11．What does Chen advise people to do in the last paragraph?
A．To wait for the results of more researches.
B．To ignore the air quality and to work out outdoors.
C．To follow previous suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
D．To avoid using filters and air conditioning.
【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply after fires.”（你可能认为大火的高温会杀死这些生物，但文章中提到的一项研究发现，一些细菌在火灾后甚至会繁殖。）可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能再生。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant number could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition.”（陈教授说，许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，但有相当数量的细菌和真菌可能会使已有肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。）可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer protective means are often more exposed to the environment.”（这对低收入人群来说尤其如此，杰克说，因为保护手段较少的人往往更容易暴露在环境中。）可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触环境。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor-including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.”（但在更多的研究完成之前，陈教授说，人们能做的最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议——包括待在室内、关好门窗、使用高效空气过滤器和开空调。）可知，Dr. Chen 在最后一段建议人们遵循现有的避开恶劣空气的建议。故选C。
20.【2022届吉林省延边州高三教学质量检测（一模）】
Many people have warm memories of playing games while growing up. Do you remember running around outside as a child playing rock-paper-scissors? You may not have realized it, but games are a very important part of life.
During prehistoric times, humans would play a game called Knucklebones. To play Knucklebones, the players would balance small objects like sheep ankle bones on the top of their hands, toss (抛掷) them into the air, and then try to catch as many as possible.
But why do people love games so much? They are fun to play, but that isn’t the only reason why.
For most, games are “like chocolate: a guilty pleasure consumed secretly”, Canadian-American game designer Sid Meier said: “They have a series of interesting choices. ” The rock-paper-scissors game is just an example. In every turn, people make a judgment, which is often based on their personalities and past experiences. “Navigating these choices shapes the course of play, revealing who we are and how we think, ” The New York Times noted. “Playing a game is an act of exposition (展示). ”
Games such as this require a faster way of thinking than in everyday life. But interestingly, whenthe game is over, the players can switch out of competition mode quickly and return to normal. “It separates a game from reality, ”Sam Von Ehren of The New York Times wrote. “We can enter and exit the magic circle freely. ”
Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills. Just take Go as an example. Go is agame that was made in ancient China, and it is still even played today. Even though we don’t exactly know how Go started, many researchers think it was invented to help teach tactics and strategy skills.
Even today, games are being used to help solve real-world problems. These types of games are called serious
games, and they are used to help find solutions to problems in fields such as education and healthcare, among others. Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.
4．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A．The way to play Knucklebones. B．The development of Knucklebones.
C．The popularity of Knucklebones. D．The objects of Knucklebones.
5．What can we say about the rock-paper-scissors game?
A．It is a game of eating chocolate.
B．It shows the player’s personalities.
C．The way of thinking is a necessary rule.
D．Judgments decide the player’s past experience.
6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 mean?
A．Awareness. B．Emotion. C．Politeness. D．Method.
7．What can we infer about games?
A．Games are nothing but fun and interesting.
B．Games are serious in the world of adults.
C．Playing games may encourage creativity.
D．We should play games while solving problems.
【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是玩儿游戏的好处。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“To play Knucklebones, the players would balance small objects like sheep ankle bones on the top of their hands, toss (抛掷) them into the air, and then try to catch as many as possible.(为了玩Knucklebones这个游戏，玩家会在自己的手上平衡小物体，比如羊的脚踝骨头，将它们抛向空中，然后试着抓住尽可能多的物体。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是玩儿Knucklebones这个游戏的方法，即The way to play Knucklebones，故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The rock-paper-scissors game is just an example. In every turn, people make a judgment, which is often based on their personalities and past experiences. Navigating these choices shapes the course of play, revealing who we are and how we think, ” The New York Times noted. “Playing a game is an act of exposition . ”(石头剪刀布游戏就是一个例子。每一次，人们都会根据自己的个性和过去的经历做出判断。这些选择决定了游戏的进程，揭示了我们是谁以及我们如何思考,”纽约时报指出。”玩游戏就是展示”。)”
可知，石头剪刀布游戏展示了玩家的个性。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第六段的“Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills. Just take Go as an example.(游戏也可以用来帮助提高批判性思维能力。就拿围棋为例吧。)”和“many researchers think it was invented to help teach(许多研究人员认为它的发明是为了帮助教)”和“and strategy skills(和策略技巧)”可知，围棋是为了帮助教一种和“策略技巧”类似的东西，也就是“方法”，因此划线词tactics的意思是“方法”，和Method意思相近，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.(也许玩游戏可以帮助我们以一种有趣的方式跳出固有思维模式。)”可推断出，玩游戏也许会激发创造力。故选C。