高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思（练模拟），文件包含考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思教师版docx、考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【2022届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
City parks have long been a place for urban residents to get a small amount of green. As cities increasingly feel the impacts of rising seas and temperatures, people are rethinking the roles of urban parks.
All of the dark-gray asphalt (沥青) in cities collect heat. Dallas is one of the country’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part to its extensive impervious (不透水的) surfaces, but with a new $312 million bond package, the city is hoping to change that. Using satellite data, the city is able to see what neighborhoods most need the cooling effect of green spaces.
Cities are increasingly flooding and city planners think parks can help with this issue too. A report published in February by The Nature Conservancy looked at the best ways to deal with flooding in Houston, a city with many neighborhoods built on floodplains and regularly flooded by rising waters. Offering affected homeowners buyouts and transforming homes into green spaces would save more money than installing infrastructure (基础设施) like pipes, they found.
Brendan Shane, a climate program director, says parks can create opportunities for people to exercise and play, in addition to cooling neighborhoods and absorbing floodwater. “The stronger the bonds are from neighbor to neighbor, the better they are able to react to a shock,” he says.
“Not a single solution by itself will avoid the climate crisis. We see parks as an important part of it, but there isn’t a silver bullet,” says Diane Regas, CEO of The Trust for Public Land. “Parks are an example of what we in the environmental community need to do to reach solutions that address climate change at the same time and make people’s lives better.”
8．What does the city Dallas want to deal with?
A．The lack of green spaces. B．The way of collecting heat.
C．The effect of rising seas. D．The bond between neighborhoods.
9．What can be inferred from the report by The Nature Conservancy?
A．Cities in the world are frequently flooded. B．City parks may help prevent city flooding.
C．Cities needn’t invest much money in infrastructure. D．City parks affect people’s choice of a neighborhood.
10．What does Brendan Shane say about parks?
A．They can enable people to get over a shock. B．They can reduce air pollution effectively.
C．They can perform positive social functions. D．They can help people to keep a cool head.
11．What does the underlined phrase “a sliver bullet” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．A fast and effective solution. B．A successful example.
C．An immediate and clear cause. D．An impractical method.
【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，随着城市出现的问题，人们正在重新思考城市公园的作用，让公园成为人们锻炼和玩耍、为社区降温和吸收洪水的地方。
8．推理判断题。由第二段中的“All of the dark-gray asphalt (沥青) in cities collect heat. Dallas is one of the country’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part to its extensive impervious (不透水的) surfaces (城市里所有的深灰色沥青都会收集热量。达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一)”和“Using satellite data, the city is able to see what neighborhoods most need the cooling effect of green spaces. (利用卫星数据，该市能够看到哪些社区最需要绿地的降温效果)”可知，达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一，需要绿地来降温，可得出达拉斯市要应对缺乏绿地的问题。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。由第三段“Cities are increasingly flooding and city planners think parks can help with this issue too. A report published in February by The Nature Conservancy looked at the best ways to deal with flooding in Houston, a city with many neighborhoods built on floodplains and regularly flooded by rising waters. Offering affected homeowners buyouts and transforming homes into green spaces would save more money than installing infrastructure (基础设施) like pipes, they found. (城市越来越多地被洪水淹没，城市规划者认为公园也可以帮助解决这个问题。2月，自然保护协会发布了一份报告，探讨了应对休斯顿洪水的最佳方法，休斯顿市的许多社区都建在洪泛平原上，经常被上涨的洪水淹没。他们发现，与安装管道等基础设施相比，为受影响的房主提供买断，并将房屋改造成绿色空间，将节省更多资金)”可知，针对像休斯顿这样容易被洪水淹没的城市，应对洪水的最佳方法是建设更多的绿色空间，可得出城市公园可能有助于防止城市洪水。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Brendan Shane, a climate program director, says parks can create opportunities for people to exercise and play, in addition to cooling neighborhoods and absorbing floodwater. (气候项目主任布伦丹·沙恩说，公园可以为人们创造锻炼和玩耍的机会，此外还可以为社区降温和吸收洪水)”可知，布伦丹·沙恩认为城市公园于人与社会都有好处，城市公园可以发挥积极的社会功能。故选C项。
11．词句猜测题。由第五段中的“Not a single solution by itself will avoid the climate crisis. We see parks as an important part of it, but there isn’t a silver bullet (没有一个单一的解决方案能够避免气候危机。我们认为公园是其中的一个重要部分，但没有什么a silver bullet)”和“Parks are an example of what we in the environmental
community need to do to reach solutions that address climate change at the same time and make people’s lives better. (公园是我们环保界需要做的事情的一个例子，以达成解决方案，同时应对气候变化，改善人们的生活)”可知，应对气候危机没有单一的解决方案，建设城市公园只是应对气候危机的一环，总之没有快速有效的解决方案，a sliver bullet在此处意为“快速有效的解决方案（A fast and effective solution）”。故选A项。
2.【河南省安阳市TOP二十名校2022-2023学年新高三上学期调研6月摸底】
These days, our health and wellness should be a priority. Gone are the days when people take themselves for granted. It is about time that we should start investing in good health. But with all the health and wellness tips found on the Internet, which one should you consider doing?
You may already know the basics of healthy living. But if you want to boost your efforts, it only makes sense that you use strategies tested and proven by scientists. Here’s what you can consider investing in so that you can finally enjoy better health and wellness.
Some people spend a considerable amount of time working while sitting down. You can be working in an office and spending most of your time doing reports on a computer. But if you want to be healthier, get up and walk more often while at work.
This is not to say that you should ignore your role and slack off. Walking more often, even for at least ten minutes at a time, can already help you achieve better health. You can always do a bit more walking when in a meeting, when going to and from work, and by taking the stairs instead of the elevators.
Making those legs work will help you get more exercise no matter how busy your work schedule is. Stop thinking that you have no time to go for a walk or run with your friends. By putting your mind on your goal, you can get more walking even if you already have your hands full at work.
Sitting all day is the new vice of many people. This increases one’s risk of diabetes, heart issues and even some cancer. You don’t want your mental health to suffer just because you were too lazy to walk while you spend hours at a time working behind a desk.
8．What kind of exercise should you take when investing in good health?
A．Heavy load of exercise. B．Any exercise you think of.
C．Methods tested and proven. D．All suggested on the Internet.
9．What does the underlined part “slack off” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Put something off. B．Not take it seriously.
C．Treat whole-heartedly. D．Be cautious specially.
10．What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A．There is no excuse for not going in for walking.
B．Busy work schedule leaves no time for walking.
C．You should reduce your work time for walking.
D．Walking can be done after you finish your work.
11．What might be discussed about in the following part of the text?
A．How we can walk during work. B．What else we can do for exercise.
C．What effects we will get without walking. D．Why walking while working is a priority.
【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了应该如何保持健康，以及如何平衡工作和运动。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But if you want to boost your efforts, it only makes sense that you use strategies tested and proven by scientists.(但如果你想提高你的努力，只有使用经过科学家测试和证明的策略才有意义)”可知，在投资健康时，你应该做的运动是经过测试和证明的方法。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，this指代上文提到的“get up and walk more often while at work(工作时经常站起来走路)”,根据画线词上文“This is not to say that you should ignore your role and(这并不是说你应该忽略自己的角色)”以及and表示并列可推断，工作是常站起来走动并不是说你忽视你的角色和懈怠。故画线词意思是“懈怠”，与B项“不认真对待某事”意思相近。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Making those legs work will help you get more exercise no matter how busy your work schedule is. Stop thinking that you have no time to go for a walk or run with your friends. By putting your mind on your goal, you can get more walking even if you already have your hands full at work.(不管你的工作安排有多忙，让腿活动起来会帮助你得到更多的锻炼。不要认为你没有时间和你的朋友去散步或跑步。把你的注意力放在你的目标上，即使你已经工作得很忙，你也可以走更多的路)”可推知，没有理由不去散步。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sitting all day is the new vice of many people. This increases one’s risk of diabetes, heart issues and even some cancer. You don’t want your mental health to suffer just because you were too lazy to walk while you spend hours at a time working behind a desk.(整天坐着是许多人的新恶习。这会增加患糖尿病、心脏病甚至某些癌症的风险。你不会希望自己仅仅因为在桌子后面工作而懒得走路而精神健康受到影响)”可推知，下面的文章可能会讨论我们不走路会有什么影响。故选C。
3.【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】
Mangroves are trees that typically grow in saltwater along coasts. But some red mangroves end up deep in the rainforests of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. These plants live in freshwater along the San Pedro Martir River. That’s nearly 200 kilometers from the sea. Scientists wanted to know how these mangroves got trapped so far inland. Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip there 35 years ago. Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees.
Burelo’s team first investigated where the freshwater mangroves came from. They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. The team discovered other evidence that this ecosystem had once been coastal. They discovered 112 other species in this region that are typically found near coasts.
The researchers looked at the soil too. “These sediments (沉积物)near the mangroves revealed exactly what we expected,” says Exequiel Ezcurra, an ecologist at the University of California. In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments (碎片). These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago.
Computer models of how sea level has changed over time confirmed those findings. The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past, the ocean merged with the lower basin of the San Pedro Martir River. That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland.
“This discovery highlights how changes to the past climate have affected the world’s coastlines,” Ezcurra says. “It also offers a chance to better understand how future sea level rise may affect these ecosystems.”
1．What did Burelo notice as a child?
A．The changes of the sea water.
B．The problems facing the rainforest.
C．The unusual roots of some mangroves.
D．The influence of mangroves on fishing.
2．What can we infer about the freshwater mangroves and the coastal ones?
A．They are close in DNA． B．They have different leaves.
C．They have different origins. D．They both have many species.
5．What does the research of the soil show?
A．The composition of the soil is very complicated.
B．The freshwater mangroves once grew in the sea.
C．Sea creatures influence the growth of mangroves.
D．The sea level has little change over the past years.
4．What does the underlined phrase “merged with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Developed from. B．Changed into.
C．Depended on. D．Combined with.
【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树这种生长在沿海的生物在淡水地区被发现。科研人员们通过研究发现，这些红树生长的淡水地区在历史上曾经是海洋。
1．细节理解题。据文章第一段中 “Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees.（Burelo看到红树林的根长在地面上。这与其他树不同）”可知，Burelo注意到的是一些红树不寻常的根。故选C。
2．推理判断题。据文章第二段中第二、三、四句 “They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. （他们首先收集了它们的叶子，然后将它们的DNA与生长在墨西哥湾沿岸的红树林的叶子进行了比较。DNA帮助确定了圣佩德罗马尔蒂尔河红树林的起源。他们是沿着墨西哥湾出发的，距离这条河大约170公里）”可知它们的DNA很接近。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments （碎片）. These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago.（总之，研究人员发现了海岸石头、海螺壳和富含贝壳碎片的粘土沉积物。这使得研究人员得出结论，这片区域在很久以前曾是海洋的一部分）”可知对土壤的研究表明了淡水红树林曾经生长在海里。故选B。
4．短语猜测题。根据第四段第二句“ The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past （模型显示，过去海平面较高的时候）”可知过去海平面较高，再结合第四段最后两句“That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland.（那应该是在15万到13万年前。这将红树和其他物种推向内陆）”可知，曾经海平面较髙的时候，把the San Pedro M4rtir River的低洼地区吞并，与之结合。即划线部分意为“与……结合”。故选D。
4.【江苏省苏州市张家港市2021-2022学年高三下学期开学考试】
Jackhorn Kentucky, a small village in the Appalachian Mountains, is deep in coal country. But with coal jobs disappearing and unemployment at record highs, this community has found a reason to hope. A bakeshop with an unusual name, Black Sheep Brick Oven Bakery, is providing steady employment and job training skills to local residents.
The bakery is a community-owned social enterprise that is focused on providing jobs for workers displaced(免职)by the coal mining industry,people in recovery,and others who need a new start in life. It started as a volunteer driven initiative(倡议)as part of the successful “Back to Our Appalachian Roots” project. Through the project, workers can learn traditional mountain skills like blacksmithing, quilting, and mountain cooking.
“There is nothing like bread baked in the hearth,” Gwen Johnson, the co-founder and manager of the bakery said.“It feeds the body and seems familiar even if you have never before tasted it.” The name of the bakery and catering company was borrowed from a local shop according to Johnson. But the shop didn’t mind it.
The reasons why the community needs the social enterprise go back to the beginning of coal mining in America. Generations of Appalachian residents worked in the coal mines and it was a source of pride as well as the primary employer in the area. But coal mining is back-breaking work with a huge amount of injuries, accidents and diseases like black lung. Today, there are very few coal jobs left in the area due to automation and the reduction of power plants that are coal-fed. Poverty has become a major problem in the area.
The Black Sheep Brick Oven Bakery is working to turn this around. It is a model of giving people second chances and has become a successful business. Johnson said “We have created an inclusive place of love and belonging for whoever wants to come. I was always a black sheep in my family, which gave me a heart for others.”
1．What is the bakery intended to do according to Paragraph 2?
A．To offer bread to displaced miners. B．To develop workers’ mountain skills.
C．To replace the traditional coal industry. D．To help the locals in need earn a living
2．How did the bakery get its name?
A．The bakery was named after its co-founder. B．The bakery adopted the community’s name.
C．The name was an inspiration from a local shop. D．The name was voted by the community workers.
3．What does the underlined word “back-breaking” probably mean?
A．Tough. B．Popular. C．Worthy. D．Urgent.
4．What could be the best title for the text?
A．The Secret of a Man’s Success B．A Bakery Brings Hope to a Village
C．The Popularity of a New Enterprise D．Coal Jobs are Disappearing in America
【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。Jackhorn Kentucky是一个盛产煤的村庄，随着煤矿工作岗位的消失和失业率达到历史新高，一家名为“Black Sheep Brick Oven Bakery”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的就业和职业培训技能，给村庄带来新的希望。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The bakery is a community-owned social enterprise that is focused on providing jobs for workers displaced by the coal mining industry, people in recovery, and others who need a new start in life. (这家面包店是一家社区所有的社会企业，专注于为被煤矿工业免职的工人、康复中的人们和其他需要新生活开始的人提供就业机会。)”可知，面包店为一些失业人员等提供工作，解决了他们的生计问题，所以D选项“帮助有需要的当地人谋生”符合文意。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The name of the bakery and catering company was borrowed from a local shop according to Johnson.(据约翰逊说，面包店和餐饮公司的名称是从当地一家商店借来的。)”可知，面包店的名字灵感来源于当地一家商店。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“But coal mining is back-breaking work with a huge amount of injuries, accidents and diseases like black lung. (但是煤矿开采是……的工作，有大量的伤害、事故和黑肺等疾病。)”可知，开采煤工作有风险，危害健康，是一项“艰苦的”工作。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A bakeshop with an unusual name, Black Sheep Brick Oven Bakery, is providing steady employment and job training skills to local residents.(一家名叫“黑羊砖烤炉”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的就业机会和职业培训技能。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了Jackhorn Kentucky是一个盛产煤的村庄，随着煤矿工作岗位的消失和失业率达到历史新高，一家名为“Black Sheep Brick Oven Bakery”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的就业和职业培训技能，给村庄带来新的希望。故选项B“面包店给村庄带来希望”符合文意。故选B。
5.【安徽省阜阳市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末教学质量统测】
The 1930s and early 1940s were a good time to fish for sardines (沙丁鱼) off California. Centered on Monterey Bay, catches increased dramatically and supported the state’s economy. But the situation began to change in 1946, and sardine catches eventually fell from an average of 234,000 tons to just 24,000 tons. The industry went belly-up.
Scientists have guessed for decades about what caused this phenomenon, but they lacked data to test their
theories. Now researchers have finally found one apparent cause: cycles of ocean upwelling, a defining feature of the West Coast sea environment in which deep, nutrient-rich water rises to the nutrient-poor surface and restores the food supply there. The key that unlocked this phenomenon turned out to be old seaweed specimens (标本) gathered around the U. S.
“Plants are just sitting there, recording data about the state of the ocean,” says Kyle Van Houtan, chief scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and senior author of the new study. Van Houtan and others had suspected the impact of upwelling, but scientists only started measuring the process in Monterey Bay in 1946. Historic seaweed specimens, Van Houtan realized, might fill in the blanks for earlier years—similar to the way ice cores can help reconstruct CO2 levels from times before researchers started collecting real-time measurements.
For the new study, the scientists relied on the fact that deeper water near Monterey typically hosts more of a particular nitrogen isotope (氮同位素). Looking at modern upwelling data and recently collected seaweed, they found that higher levels of this nitrogen in the plants’ cells corresponded with periods of more upwelling. Next they measured the isotope levels in 70 historic specimens of the red seaweed Gelidium, gathered from Monterey as far back as 1878. The results suggested a gradual increase in upwelling and then a dramatic decrease, which lined up with the sardine population’s growth and decline.
“This paper is an excellent example of the creative detective work of historical ecology,” says Loren McClenachan, a marine ecologist at Colby College, who was not involved in the research. “There are thousands and thousands of similar specimens in collections around the world, and applying similar methods could teach us a great deal about long-term ocean change.”
1．What does the underlined part “went belly-up” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Sprang up. B．Caught on. C．Crashed. D．Participated.
2．What does the author want to show by mentioning ice cores?
A．The significance of historic specimens.
B．The severity of global climate change.
C．The effectiveness of real-time measurements.
D．The necessity of sea level reconstruct ion.
3．How did the scientists carry out the new study?
A．By comparing different kinds of seaweed.
B．By analyzing historic and current data.
C．By recording the upwelling process.
D．By measuring the CO2 levels.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Rise and Fall of Red Seaweed Gelidium
B．Sardines Have Been Hard Hit by Overfishing
C．The Hidden History of Fisheries in the West Coast
D．Old Seaweed Reveals Secret of Monterey Sardine History
【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国加州蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼数量变化这一现象的原因和测量方法。
1.词句猜测题。第一段前半部分关键句“Centered on Monterey Bay, catches increased dramatically and supported the state’s economy.”（以蒙特利湾为中心，捕鱼量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济。）提到加州蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼捕获量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济，紧接着用But一词转折，“But the situation began to change in 1946, and sardine catches eventually fell from an average of 234,000 tons to just 24,000 tons.”（但这种情况在1946年开始改变，沙丁鱼的捕获量最终从平均23.4万吨下降到只有2.4万吨。）指出沙丁鱼的数量锐减。由此可知，该行业遭受重创。belly-up中的belly意为“肚子”，描绘出“鱼肚皮朝天（即死亡）”的情形，常用go belly-up表示“破产、倒闭、失败”，与Crashed近义。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句““Plants are just sitting there, recording data about the state of the ocean,” says Kyle Van Houtan, chief scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and senior author of the new study.”（蒙特利湾水族馆的首席科学家、这项新研究的资深作者Kyle Van Houtan说:“植物只是坐在那里，记录着海洋状态的数据。”）及“Historic seaweed specimens, Van Houtan realized, might fill in the blanks for earlier years—similar to the way ice cores can help reconstruct CO2 levels from times before researchers started collecting real-time measurements.”（Van Houtan意识到，历史上的海藻标本可能会填补早期的空白——类似于研究人员开始收集实时测量数据之前，冰芯可以帮助重建二氧化碳水平。）可知，提到冰芯是为了说明历史标本对科学研究的重要意义。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“Looking at modern upwelling data and recently collected seaweed, they found that higher levels of this nitrogen in the plants’ cells corresponded with periods of more upwelling. Next they measured the isotope levels in 70 historic specimens of the red seaweed Gelidium, gathered from Monterey as far back as 1878.”（通过研究现代上升流的数据和最近收集的海藻，他们发现，植物细胞中氮的水平越高，上升流的周期就越长。
接下来，他们测量了70种具有历史意义的红海藻石蒜标本的同位素水平，这些标本早在1878年就从蒙特利采集到了。）可知，科学家是通过分析新旧资料而开展这项研究的。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“Centered on Monterey Bay, catches increased dramatically and supported the state’s economy. But the situation began to change in 1946, and sardine catches eventually fell from an average of 234,000 tons to just 24,000 tons.”（以蒙特利湾为中心，捕鱼量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济。但这种情况在1946年开始改变，沙丁鱼的捕获量最终从平均23.4万吨下降到只有2.4万吨。）提到沙丁鱼数量剧增和骤减这一现象及文章第二段关键句“The key that unlocked this phenomenon turned out to be old seaweed specimens gathered around the U. S.”（解开这一现象的关键是收集在美国周围的旧海藻标本。）并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕利用海藻标本揭秘蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼数量变化展开，D项内容“Old Seaweed Reveals Secret of Monterey Sardine History”（老海藻揭示蒙特利沙丁鱼历史的秘密）概括了文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D项。
6.【四川省成都市石室中学2021-2022学年高三上学期专家联测卷（一）】
In autumn of 1975, two mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, were desperate for answers their doctors could not provide. Their families and others in the Lyme area were suffering from a mysterious illness. Two doctors from Yale, Allan Steere and Stephen Malawista, began an investigation that would result in a groundbreaking medical discovery.
The doctors began by conducting individual examinations of each patient. They found patients of all ages were suffering from a set of symptoms rarely observed together. Blood samples revealed no virus that offered a clue about the cause. However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bull's-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.
Armed with this new clue, the Department of Health worked with the Yale doctors, conducting surveys to learn where the disease was most widely seen. It seemed that the majority of patients lived in heavily wooded areas, who spent a good deal of time outdoors, gardening, landscaping, or playing. The symptoms were nearly always experienced for the first time during summer. Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱, 壁虱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.
By 1977, investigators confirmed that the deer tick was responsible. In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer discovered a specific type of bacteria, carried by the deer tick, which was causing the disease. Scientists concluded that the bacteria passed from wildlife to ticks to humans. All lived closely among one another in the area.
How could a disease from a common parasite (寄生虫) spring up so suddenly? Many areas of the northeast,
including Lyme, were once farmland. Gradually, the farmland was replanted with trees, then neighborhoods pushed deeper into the habitat of deer ticks and, more importantly, the wildlife they fed upon. As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease.
One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved. Today, Lyme disease—if caught early—is easily treated with antibiotics, thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors, and patients.
1．Which of the following method helped Dr. Steere and Dr. Malawista most?
A．Carrying out a field survey. B．Conducting patient interviews.
C．Offering patients' blood samples. D．Separating patients into age groups.
2．From the passage，we can conclude that ______________.
A．patients' memory of tick bites was vital to the medical discovery
B．Lyme disease spread because deer ticks and humans both fed on deer
C．one quarter of the patients got a skin rash after some symptoms had arose
D．Lyme disease is less common now because people spend less time outdoors
3．What does the underlined word phrase “spring up" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Worsen. B．Return. C．Appear. D．Decrease.
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．A Scientific Study B．A Medical Mystery C．An Effective Treatment D．An Unsolved Puzzle
【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病——莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bull's-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.（然而，他们在病人的采访中发现了大量有效的信息：四分之一的人回忆起一种牛眼形状的皮疹，大约在其他症状出现的四周之前）”可知，采访病人这种方法对Dr.Steere和Dr. Malawista的研究起到了极大的帮助。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.（重要的是，一些人回忆起了被蜱咬过，这种蜱多数以哺乳动物和鸟类的血液为食）”可知，病人回忆起被蜱咬过这件事对医学发现非常重要。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段内容及关键句“As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease.（随着人们遇到更多的蜱，他们变得更有可能感染这种疾病）”可知，第五段在解释这种疾病是如何出现的。推测划线词所在句子意为：一种来自普通寄生虫的疾病是怎样突然出现的呢?因此推测spring up意为“突然出现”。appear意为“出现”。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病——莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。根据第一段的关键词“mysterious illness”和最后一段的关键词“the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease”可知，本文最合适的标题是“一个医学之谜”。故选B。
7. 【安徽省淮北市2022届高三第一次模拟考试】
Frustrated by an increase in wild boar(野猪) attacks, officials in Hong Kong used bread to attract and trap some of the animals in a district close to the city, Press reported. Wild boars can be seen frequently along Hong Kong’s hiking trails. People often refuse to obey orders from authorities to stop feeding them because they can gather in large groups and pass along diseases. Attacks by wild boars have also become an increasingly common issue. In an attack last week, a wild boar knocked down a police officer and bit his leg last week before the animal fell from a residential car park and died.
Government data indicates that there are roughly 3,000 wild boars in Hong Kong. They are not a protected species. Though Hong Kong authorities have attempted to naturally cut down the boar population, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department said it “could not effectively control the wild pig disturbance.” “A large group of wild pigs continued to wander and gather at the site, posing threats to members of the public and road users,” a statement from the department read.
Since the attack on the police officer, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam has cautioned that the city could impose more severe punishment against people who continue to feed the boars. “I understand that a lot of Hong Kong people love the wetlands and nature. However, we also need to protect public safety. We can’t simply sit on our hands while things worsen,” she added.
Philanthropic group ADM Capital Foundation, the Hong Kong Veterinary Association and other animal rights organizations have since sent an open letter to the government criticizing its shift in policy to kill the boars. A request by groups including Hong Kong Animal Post and Hong Kong Wild Boar Concern Group said that the measures announced by the agriculture department to regularly capture and put down wild boars “ignore their right to live. This approach is extremely unreasonable and contradicts previous animal management policy principles.”
Hong Kong needs legislative reform to deal with the current gaps in existing laws, so that wildlife feeding is
an illegal activity, punishment is severe and can be enforced effectively.
1．What do you know about the wild boars in Hong Kong?
A．They do not hurt human beings unless they are attacked.
B．They are endangered species with a very small population.
C．If gathering in groups it is easy for them to spread diseases.
D．They are seen frequently close to the city’s financial center.
2．What does the underlined phrase “sit on our hands” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Keep cautious. B．See before acting.
C．Take immediate actions. D．Look on indifferently.
3．What is the attitude of some animal rights organizations towards killing the boars?
A．Neutral. B．Worried C．Favorable. D．Disapproval.
4．What may be the most reasonable measure to take based on the whole text?
A．Making severe laws to ban wildlife feeding.
B．Naturally cutting down the boar population.
C．Regularly capturing and putting down wild boars.
D．Calling on citizens to keep distance from wild boars.
【答案】1．C2．D3．D4．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以“香港入侵城市的野猪”为话题展开了讨论，人们对野猪的投喂致使野猪来到城市寻找食物，并对人类产生了攻击性行为，文章对整治野猪的措施和各方态度进行了陈述。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“because they can gather in large groups and pass along diseases.(因为它们会成群聚集，传播疾病)”可知，野猪会成群聚集，传播疾病。故选C项。
2．词义猜测题。分析语境可知，划线单词所在的这句话“We can’t simply sit on our hands while things worsen.”应是对前文“However, we also need to protect public safety.(然而，我们也需要保护公共安全。)”的进一步解释，承接前文提及“要保护公众的安全”，划线句应是表明“要采取保护行动”，即“不能坐视不理”，对野猪伤人行为要采取行动。由此可推知，“sit on our hands”应是“坐视不理；无动于衷”含义，与D项“Look on indifferently.(袖手旁观)”表达含义一致。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“other animal rights organizations have since sent an open letter to the government criticizing its shift in policy to kill the boars(其他动物权利组织已经给政府发了一封公开信，批评其杀死野猪的政策转变)”以及在该段中这些动物保护组织评价政府行为“…ignores their right to live and considers.
This approach is extremely unreasonable.(……忽视它们生存和思考的权利。这种做法是极不合理的)”可推知，他们不仅仅是担忧而是立场鲜明地坚决反对杀死野猪。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Hong Kong needs legislative reform to deal with the current gaps in existing laws, so that wildlife feeding is an illegal activity, punishment is severe and can be enforced effectively.(香港需要立法改革，以解决现有法律的不足，使野生动物喂食成为一种非法活动，惩罚严厉，并能有效执行。)”可知，对于“喂食野生动物”行为进行严惩才能避免人们因为投喂野生动物而导致的自身受伤或被攻击。因此，选项A“Making severe laws to ban wildlife feeding.(制定严厉的法律禁止野生动物喂食。)”使可采取的最合理的措施。故选A项。
8.【四川省泸州市2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次教学质量诊断性】
If you're someone who looks in the mirror every day and concentrates only on any little flaws(瑕疵) , you're not alone. For many people, struggling with body image issues is a continuous battle.
How hostile the world is to unattractive girls became a trending topic on Sina Weibo in March. The topic resonated with many girls who shared their personal experiences. One internet user talked about how her friends would often cut her image out of group pictures because they thought she was too fat.
“My nose is not high enough, my chin is short and flat, and my eyes are small,” Tang Yuqi, a college student, told China Youth Daily. She doesn't even answer the door without putting on makeup first. “I just can't accept myself if I'm not wearing it,” Tang added.
What promotes this anxiety among young people?
As the country's economy has developed rapidly, people are more likely to be affected by what others think of them. Greater time spent online also means greater exposure to advertisements promoting “paper-thin waist” or “chopstick legs”. Such unrealistic ideals only further young people's anxiety and lead to an unhealthy mindset of perfectionism.
The anxiety over appearance and shape has pushed some people into physical and mental illness. According to Beat, the UK's leading eating disorder charity, the idealization of thinness is a key factor in worsening the illness and preventing recovery. Some people even go through surgery just to achieve what they believe society considers "beautiful".
But beauty doesn't come from a makeup brush or a thinner waist. Growing taller and having perfect skin isn't the solution to insecurity. The fact that every person is different is something to be celebrated.
1．What does the underlined part “resonated with" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Hurt. B．Shocked. C．Was understood by. D．Was changed by.
2．What's the main cause of young people's anxiety according to the text?
A．Beauty contests. B．Unrealistic perfectionism.
C．Economic development plans. D．Health product advertisements.
3．What do some people seem to desire most according to Beat?
A．Thinness. B．Health. C．Plastic surgery. D．Social opinions.
4．What does the author think the real beauty is based on?
A．Growing up safely. B．Accepting a difference.
C．A light makeup. D．A perfect appearance.
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今的年轻人普遍存在外貌焦虑的社会现象，导致这一问题的主要原因是不切实际的完美主义。对外表和外形的焦虑使一些人患上了身体和精神疾病。
1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“many girls who shared their personal experiences. One internet user talked about how her friends would often cut her image out of group pictures because they thought she was too fat.”可知，一位网友说，她的朋友们经常把她的照片从团体照片中剪掉，因为他们认为她太胖了，可见这个话题能够被许多女孩所理解，所以她们分享了自己的个人经历。故画线词意思是“被理解”。A. Hurt.伤害；B. Shocked.使震惊；C. Was understood by.被理解；D. Was changed by.被改变。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“As the country's economy has developed rapidly, people are more likely to be affected by what others think of them. Greater time spent online also means greater exposure to advertisements promoting “paper-thin waist” or “chopstick legs”. Such unrealistic ideals only further young people's anxiety and lead to an unhealthy mindset of perfectionism.(随着国家经济的快速发展，人们更容易被别人对自己的看法所影响。花在网上的时间越多，也就意味着更多地接触到宣传“A4纸腰”或“筷子腿”的广告。这种不切实际的理想只会加剧年轻人的焦虑，导致不健康的完美主义心态)”可知，年轻人焦虑的主要原因是不切实际的完美主义。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The anxiety over appearance and shape has pushed some people into physical and mental illness. According to Beat, the UK's leading eating disorder charity, the idealization of thinness is a key factor in worsening the illness and preventing recovery.(对外表和外形的焦虑使一些人患上了身体和精神疾病。 英国领先的饮食失调慈善机构Beat表示，将瘦身材理想化是恶化疾病、阻止康复的关键因素)”可知，Beat认为，有些人最渴望瘦。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But beauty doesn't come from a makeup brush or a thinner waist. Growing taller and having perfect skin isn't the solution to insecurity. The fact that every person is different is something to be celebrated.(但美并不来自于化妆刷或苗条的腰身。长高和拥有完美的皮肤并不是解决不安全感的办法。每个人都是不同的，这是值得庆祝的)”可知，作者认为真正的美是基于接受差异。故选B。
9.【2022届江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第一次联考】
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC．
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
5．Which country wasn’t affected by Tanga undersea volcanic eruptions?
A．America B．Japan C．Peru D．Iceland
6．How much area of the seawater did the volcano stir?
A．20% B．30% C．50% D．70%
7．Which phrase can replace the underlined words “out of commission”?
A．out of action B．out of range C．out of existence D．out of account
8．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The Iceland volcano eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B．New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.
C．Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.
D．The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.
【答案】5．D6．C7．A8．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.(船只撞上了南加州一个安静的港口，日本一个偏远岛屿被4英尺高的海浪袭击，两名妇女在距离海底火山爆发约6000英里的秘鲁海滩上丧生，火山爆发的威力如此之大，引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水。)”可知，美国，日本和秘鲁都受到了汤加海底火山爆发的影响，冰岛没有，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe(一次强大的海底火山爆发引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)”可知，火山搅动了50%的海水，故选C。
7．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world(这个约10万人口的国家仍然与世界其他地区基本隔绝)”可知，这个国家与世界其他地区基本隔绝了，所以其海底互联网电缆因火山爆发而中断，因此划线的短语意思是“不能使用的”，是out of action，故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed.(但就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，由于空气中的火山灰浓度过高，飞行变得不可能，甚至很难知道需要什么。)”可推断出，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致附近航班延误。故选A。
10.【江苏省苏州市2021-2022学年高三上学期学业质量阳光指标调研】
The remains of a gold mask are among a huge quantity of 3,000-year-old artifacts (文物) found at an archaeological (考古的) site in China’s Sichuan province.
Weighing about 280 grams and estimated to be made from 84% gold, the ceremonial mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six newly discovered “sacrificial pits” (祭祀坑), according to the country’s National Cultural Heritage Administration.
The finds were made at Sanxingdui, a 4.6-square-mile area outside the provincial capital of Chengdu. Some experts say the items may shine further light on the ancient Shu state, a kingdom that ruled in the western Sichuan basin before 316 BC．
In addition to the gold mask, archaeologists uncovered bronzes (青铜器) and artifacts made from other materials such as bone. The six pits also contained an as-yet-unopened wooden box and a bronze container with owl-shaped patterning.
More than 50,000 ancient artifacts have been found at Sanxingdui since the 1920s, when a local farmer accidentally came upon some remains at the site. A major breakthrough occurred in 1986, with the discovery of two ceremonial pits containing over 1,000 items, including delicate and well-preserved bronze masks. Discoveries made at the site date back to the 12th and 11th centuries BC．
Sanxingdui has completely revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China. In particular, evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sanxingdui is on the organization’s list for possible future inclusion. Along with other Shu archaeological sites, it is credited by the UN agency as “an outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China, East Asia and even the world.”
9．What does the underlined phrase “shine further light on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Make greater progress in. B．Have a deeper influence on.
C．Provide more information about. D．Engage more attention to.
10．Why is the discovery of Sanxingdui so unique?
A．It changes experts’ understanding of how Chinese civilization developed.
B．It confirms that the Shu Kingdom developed in the Yellow River Valley.
C．It implies that the Yellow River Valley is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
D．It shows Sanxingdui symbolizes a fundamental change in Chinese society.
11．What does paragraph 5 mainly deal with?
A．Sanxingdui’s history of discovery. B．The world’s recognition of Sanxingdui.
C．The difficulty in discovering Sanxingdui. D．The preservation of Sanxingdui’s remains.
12．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Sanxingdui Accidentally Discovered by a Local Farmer
B．3,000-year-old Gold Mask Uncovered in Southwest China
C．Outstanding Representatives of the Bronze Age Kingdom
D．New Addition to the List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites
【答案】9．C10．A11．A12．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了三星堆遗址出土了具有3000多年历史的黄金面具和其它文物。
9．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Some experts say the items may shine further light on the ancient Shu state, a kingdom that ruled in the western Sichuan basin before 316 BC.”（一些专家表示，这些物品可能会shine further light on古蜀国，公元前316年前，古蜀国曾统治四川盆地西部。），第四段“In addition to the gold mask, archaeologists uncovered bronzes (青铜器) and artifacts made from other materials such as bone. The six pits also contained an as-yet-unopened wooden box and a bronze container with owl-shaped patterning.”（除了金面具，考古学家还发现了青铜器和骨头等其他材料制成的文物。六个坑里还有一个尚未打开的木箱和一个刻有猫头鹰形状图案的青铜容器。）和倒数第二段“Sanxingdui has completely revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China.”（三星堆彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。）可知，这次出土了大量文物，彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解，由此可知，专家们认为这些文物能提供更多关于古蜀国的信息。即划线部分意为“提供更多信息”。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sanxingdui has completely revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China. In particular, evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.”（三星堆彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。特别是，独特的蜀文化的证据表明，王国独立于黄河流域的周边社会发展，而黄河流域传统上被认为是中华文明的发源地。）可知，三星堆发现的独特之处是因为它彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第五段的主要内容，尤其第一句“More than 50,000 ancient artifacts have been found at Sanxingdui since the 1920s, when a local farmer accidentally came upon some remains at the site. ”（自20世纪20年代以来，三星堆发现了5万多件古代文物，那时当地一位农民意外地在遗址上发现了一些遗骸。）可知，本段主要介绍了三星堆的发现史。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章第一段是导语，即文章的主题。根据第一段“The remains of a gold mask are among a huge quantity of 3,000-year-old artifacts (文物)found at an archaeological (考古的) site in China’s Sichuan province.”
（在中国四川省的一处考古遗址中发现了大量3000年前的文物，其中包括一个金面具的遗骸）可知，本文主要介绍了一个具有3000多年历史的黄金面具在位于中国西南的广汉三星堆遗址被发掘。故“中国西南出土3000年前的黄金面具”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。