高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（练模拟），文件包含考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思教师版docx、考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【2022届山西省山西大学附属中学校高三5月三模】
Please don't feel singled out, special, or view yourself as a chosen one. She bites everyone. This is just the nature of the beast. There is absolutely no truth to the persistent myths that mosquitoes fancy females over males; that they prefer blondes and redheads over those with darker hair；or that the darker or rougher your skin, the safer you are from her bite. It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.
Blood type O seems to be the choice over types A and B or AB．People with blood type O get bitten twice as often as those with type A, with type B falling somewhere in between.
Those who have higher natural levels of certain chemicals in their skin, particularly lactic acid （乳酸），also seem to be more attractive. From these elements, she can analyze which blood type you are. These are the same chemicals that determine an individual’s level of skin bacteria and unique body smell.
Mosquitoes are also attracted by perfumes, soaps, and other applied fragrances. While this may seem unfair to many of you, she also has a desire for beer drinkers.
Wearing bright colors is also not a wise choice, since she hunts by both sight and smell, the latter depending chiefly on the amount of carbon dioxide sent out by the potential target. So she can smell carbon dioxide from over 200 feet away. When you exercise, for example, you emit more carbon dioxide through both breath and output. You also sweat, releasing those appetizing chemicals, primarily lactic acid, that invites the mosquito's attention.
Lastly, your body temperature rises, which is an easily identifiable heat signature. On average, pregnant women suffer twice as many bites, as they have a slightly raised body temperature.
Please don't go on a shower, exercise or give up your beloved beer and bright T-shirts just yet. Unfortunately, 85% of what makes you attractive to mosquitoes is fixed in advance in your genetic circuit board （电路板）.At the end of the day, she will find blood from any exposed target of opportunity.
12．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To explain the reasons for mosquito bites.
B．To introduce a new discovery to the readers.
C．To prove that everyone suffers mosquito bites.
D．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
13．Which element has nothing to do with mosquito bites?
A．Blood type. B．Chemicals of bacteria.
C．Color of clothes. D．Body temperature.
14．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．All the mosquito bites are caused by your genetic circuit board.
B．Your blood will be targeted by mosquitoes at every opportunity.
C．Mosquito bites can be avoided if you give up some relevant habits.
D．Your genes determine your attractiveness to mosquitoes to a great extent.
15．What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Keep off Mosquitoes B．Mosquito Bites Let Nobody off
C．Why are You a Mosquito Feeder D．Mosquitoes, a Threat to Our Health
【答案】12．D13．B14．D15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述为什么有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬的相关知识。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“She bites everyone. This is just the nature of the beast. There is absolutely no truth to the persistent myths that mosquitoes fancy females over males; that they prefer blondes and redheads over those with darker hair；or that the darker or rougher your skin, the safer you are from her bite.It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.”（她咬每个人。这就是野兽的本性。关于蚊子喜欢雌性而不是雄性的说法是绝对不正确的；他们更喜欢金发和红发，而不是深色头发；或者你的皮肤越黑或粗糙，你就越安全然而，她确实更喜欢叮咬一些人是真的。）可知，这是在和上文构成对比，使读者对蚊子为什么会更喜欢叮咬一些人而产生探索兴趣。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Blood type O seems to be the choice over types A and B or AB.”（O血型似乎比A,B,AB血型更是他们的选择。），第五段“Wearing bright colors is also not a wise choice”（穿亮颜色衣服也不是好的选择），和第六段“Lastly, your body temperature rises, which is an easily identifiable heat signature. On average, pregnant women suffer twice as many bites, as they have a slightly raised body temperature.”（最后，你的体温上升是一种很容易辨认的热信号。平均来说，怀孕的女士被叮咬的可能是别人的两倍，因为她们有稍微高的体温。）可知，血型，衣服颜色和体温都会对蚊子是否叮咬有影响，只有B选项没有关系。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段这句话“Unfortunately, 85% of what makes you attractive to mosquitoes is fixed in advance in your genetic circuit board （电路板）.”（不幸的是，你是否会吸引蚊子的叮咬，85%都是由你的遗传电路板提前决定的。）可知，很大程度上来说，一个人的基因决定了他是否会吸引蚊子的叮咬。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than
others.”（然而，她确实更喜欢叮咬一些人是真的。）以及下文具体介绍了有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬的原因可知，这篇文章主要是在向读者说明为什么有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬。故选C。
2.【2022届河北衡水中学高考英语押题卷1】
Crowing up in a village in eastern Nepal’s Bhojpur Mountains, Mira Rai had dreams that went far beyond the traditional expectations for Nepali women. The eldest daughter of five children, she was expected to fetch water, tend crops and livestock, and help out at home. By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.
“As a girl,” Rai recalls, “I would constantly be told to know my place, lower my voice, and act in a certain manner. For me, breaking free from these traditions itself was a big dream.”
Several years ago, Rai’s dream became reality. She was running outside Kathmandu when two male trail runners invited her to enter her first trail race, the Kathmandu West Valley Rim 50K. She had never run 50 kilometers before, had no special equipment or training for such a distance, and was also the only woman in the competition. But despite all difficulties, she beat everyone — even the men. From there, a community of runners came together to give her a chance to compete in international trail running competitions.
Today, the running world recognizes Rai as a high-altitude trail racing talent. Now she is on a mission to help both women and men of Nepal through sports. Rai believes her work to empower others has just begun. “We have realized that Nepal has tremendous potential to develop competitive athletes,” she says. Rai is blazing a trail, not just in terms of being able to speak nationally on gender equality, but also by getting young people into running.
4．What can we learn about Mira Rai?
A．She won her first victory easily. B．She gave up chasing her dream.
C．She dropped out of school at 12. D．She benefited from her early life.
5．What was other runners’ attitude toward Mira Rai?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Indifferent.
6．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．She is pioneering in some areas. B．She is fighting for Nepalese rights.
C．She is getting professional training. D．She is setting new records in running.
7．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A Defining Moment in Life B．A Fate-changing Trail Race
C．A Fighter for Women’s Rights D．A Dream-pursuing Sky Runner
【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．D
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍Mira Rai的事迹，她打破传统，追求自己的梦想，成为优秀的田径运动员，并激励其他人参与。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.(到12岁时，她不再定期上学，而是背着沉重的大米袋在陡峭的小路上上上下下——通常是赤脚——在市场上交易。这是艰苦的工作，但对一个未来的越野跑者来说是很好的训练。)”可知，Mira Rai受益于早年的生活。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段的“But despite all difficulties, she beat everyone — even the men. From there, a community of runners came together to give her a chance to compete in international trail running competitions.(尽管困难重重，她还是打败了所有人——甚至包括男人。从那时起，一群跑步者聚集在一起，给了她参加国际越野跑比赛的机会。)”可知，其他田径运动员对Mira Rai的态度是支持的，即Supportive，故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“not just in terms of being able to speak nationally on gender equality, but also by getting young people into running(不仅仅是能够在全国范围内谈论性别平等，还包括让年轻人参与跑步)”可知，划线部分的意思是“Mira Rai在一些领域是先锋”，即She is pioneering in some areas，故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据全文和第二段的“For me, breaking free from these traditions itself was a big dream.(对我来说，打破这些传统本身就是一个伟大的梦想。)”可知，文章主要介绍Mira Rai的事迹，她打破传统，追求自己的梦想，成为优秀的田径运动员，并激励其他人参与，因此D选项“A Dream-pursuing Sky Runner(追逐梦想的天空奔跑者)”是最合适的标题。故选D。
3.【2022届江西省萍乡市高三第一次质量检测】
Nothing energizes office workers more than complaining about meetings. And it seems some of the world's greatest tech successes agree. Here's some of their advice.
Mark Zuckerberg: A decision or a discussion?
The Facebook CEO reportedly improved the effectiveness of meetings by asking managers to explain the point of a meeting: to make a decision or to have a discussion.
"If there's no point, then there are no decisions," Microsoft founder Bill Gates might agree. He is supposed to have said, "You have a meeting to make a decision, not to decide on the question."
Elon Musk: It is not rude to leave.
Elon Musk once sent out an email to staff in which he made some "recommendations".
"Walk out of a meeting or drop off a call as soon as it is obvious you aren't adding value," he went on. "It is not rude to leave; it is rude to make someone stay and waste their time."
Jeff Bezos: The "two--pizza rule".
The Amazon founder meets investors for just six hours a year, and tries to avoid early morning meetings.
Business Insider reports that Mr. Bezos also has a strict policy: Never have a meeting in which you couldn't feed the whole group with two pizzas. The businessman believes small groups are far more efficient than large ones, and the "two-pizza rule" helps him prevent large meetings.
Steve Jobs: No need for PowerPoint.
Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs shows the creative genius behind the iPhone making an attack on slideshow users. "People who know what they are talking about don't need PowerPoint," he said.
"Generally PowerPoint presentations are a great distraction(使人分心的事物), unless it's data or a graph," said Professor Andre Spicer. "Long slides mean no information being conveyed."
1．What did Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates both stress?
A．How to have a meeting. B．When to have a meeting.
C．The purpose of having a meeting. D．The importance of having a meeting.
2．Why was the "two-pizza rule" put forward?
A．To offer better services for a meeting. B．To reduce the cost of a meeting.
C．To encourage short meetings. D．To limit the size of a meeting.
3．From the underlined part in the last paragraph, Andre Spicer's opinion on slides is ______ .
A．less is more B．the more the merrier
C．something is better than nothing D．a picture is worth a thousand words
【答案】1．C2．D3．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。没有什么比抱怨会议更能让办公室职员精力充沛了。世界上一些最成功的科技公司似乎也同意这一点。文章叙述了他们的一些建议。
1．推理判断题。由Mark Zuckerberg; A decision or a discussion? 部分中的 “The Facebook CEO reportedly improved the effectiveness of meetings by asking managers to explain the point of a meeting” （据报道，这位Facebook首席执行官通过要求经理们解释会议要点，提高了会议的效率。）和Bill Gates所说的“You have a meeting to make a decision, not to decide on the question.”
（你要开会做决定，而不是对问题做决定。）可推断，这两个人都在强调“为什么要开会”，也就是开会的目的是什么。故选C。
2．细节理解题。由 Jeff Bezos: The “two-pizza rule”部分中的 “The businessman believes small groups are far more efficient than large ones, and the ‘two-pizza rule’ helps him prevent large meetings.”（这位商人认为，小团队比大团队效率高得多，“两个披萨规则”(two-pizza rule)帮助他避免了大型会议。）可知，Jeff Bezos 提出“两份披萨原则”的目的是限制会议的规模。故选D。
3．句意猜测题。由最后一段中 Andre Spicer 所说的 “Generally PowerPoint presentations are a great distraction（使人分心的事物）”和 “Long slides mean no information being conveyed.”（长幻灯片意味着没有信息被传达。）可推断，他认为很多时候PPT带来的是一种干扰，幻灯片越多，传递的信息越少，反之亦然。故选A。
4.【2022届宁夏银川市高三质量检测（一模）】
Diane Henderiks, a former athlete, pursued a career in nutrition to combine her passions of food, health and physical activity throughout her life. “The field of nutrition is so big,” she says. “I found my place in teaching people how to cook and eat well.”
Attracted by media, specifically television, Henderiks made regular on-air appearances and served as an editorial contributor for ABC’s Good Morning America. “From my first local TV appearance, I knew this was going to be the medium for me to share my knowledge and skills with a lot of people at one time,” she says.
As the host of the show Fresh to Frozen and Back, Henderiks uses her expertise as a registered dietitian (营养师) and chef to create recipes with fresh and simple ingredients. “My audience are home cooks and families who want to improve nutrition at home,” Henderiks. says. “I believe simplicity is key. The first step to healthier eating is to try to eat as close to nature as possible.”
Henderiks finds joy in cooking for family and friends, and also in volunteering and working with nonprofit organizations. Beyond her TV show and volunteer work, Henderiks doescatering (酒席承办) and is a private chef. “The positive feedback I receive is that organizations, TV shows and individuals all love my passion for cooking,” she says. “The lasting impressions and solid relationships speak for themselves.”
A true inspiration to fellow nutrition professionals and students, Henderiks presents this encouraging advice, “Follow your passion and never give up. Volunteer and give back as much as you can to organizations that mean something to you. Work very hard to be one of the go to experts in nutrition!”
4．What can we learn about Henderiks?
A．She is pursuing a career in athletics.
B．She dislikes sharing cooking knowledge.
C．She enjoys spreading cooking skills on TV.
D．She founded a new school to teach cooking.
5．According to Henderiks, what is the first step to healthy eating?
A．Eating natural food. B．Eating handmade food.
C．Eating nutritious food. D．Eating expensive food.
6．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 show?
A．Henderiks’s passion for cooking. B．Advantages of TV shows.
C．Henderiks’s popularity. D．Deliciousness of food.
7．Which of the following can best describe Henderiks?
A．Serious and passive. B．Careful and reliable.
C．Determined and controlled. D．Professional and passionate.
【答案】4．C5．A6．C7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲原本是运动员的Diane Henderiks开始从事营养学并通过各种方式与大家分享她的做菜技巧。
4．细节理解题。由文章第二段“From my first local TV appearance, I knew this was going to be the medium for me to share my knowledge and skills with a lot of people at one time(从我第一次在当地电视台露面开始，我就知道这将是我一次与许多人分享知识和技能的媒介)”可知，Diane Henderiks喜欢在电视上和许多人分享烹饪知识。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The first step to healthier eating is to try to eat as close to nature as possible.(健康饮食的第一步是尽量接近自然。)”可知，第一步是我们应该多吃自然食物。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。由第四段“The positive feedback I receive is that organizations, TV shows and individuals all love my passion for cooking(我得到的积极反馈是，组织、电视节目和个人都喜欢我对烹饪的热情)”以及划线句“The lasting impressions and solid relationships speak for themselves.(持久的印象和稳固的关系不言而喻。)”可知，划线句主要说明Diane Henderiks通过自己的分享和广大民众产生了坚固的关系以及建立了持久的印象，而这主要是为了进一步证明前一句话——人们都喜欢她的热情，从而来证明她的流行。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。由第三段“As the host of the show Fresh to Frozen and Back, Henderiks uses her expertise as a registered dietitian and chef to create recipes with fresh and simple ingredients.(作为Fresh to Frozen and Back节目的主持人，Henderiks利用她作为注册营养师和厨师的专业知识，用新鲜简单的原料制作食谱。)”
可知，Henderiks很专业；由文章最后一段“Follow your passion and never give up.(追随你的激情，永不放弃。)”可知，Henderiks自己也是一个很有激情的人。故选D项。
5.【2022届山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】
In recent years, there has been a rise in the volume of audiobook sales, which is easily aided by the dominance of the smartphone. Other contributors to the rise beyond technology?
One thing is obvious: Reading even a short book involves a significant investment of time and prevents any other activity. You can’t drive or garden while reading. Andy Miller, the author of The Year of Reading Dangerously, said: “I was hunting for a book to read.” Kit Waal, my friend, said, “you should get the audiobook Old Filth; it’s fantastic.” She was right. I could walk the dog and still be reading a brilliant novel, or have one read to me brilliantly. I loved that book and I loved that way of reading it. So I’m a recent convert.”
Does he worry audio provides too different an experience to reading itself? “Clearly on audio you are at the mercy of the reader’s skills,” he says. “But then , ego (自己) aside, the same is true of reading a book on the page. We’re all at the mercy of our own skills and tastes, aren’t we? But on audio you are influenced by someone else’s interpretation. And you might simply dislike the voice of the reader. But at its best audio offers a complementary (互补的) experience to the actual book.”
Will audiobook distract us from the page before us? Better to focus on what we might gain. As someone who frequently interviews authors on stage, I'm aware of the unique insight to a text produced by hearing someone read their own work; I’ve frequently re-interpreted a passage after such an experience. But that has had no impact on whether or not I'll read a book by a writer I will never hear reading.
I once met the writer Don Delillo. In response to a question about the process of writing, he remarked that he sometimes became attracted by the shape of particular letters, by the way individual words appeared before him, their beauty beyond meaning and the relationship to meaning. He sounded hippy-dippy; then it made perfect sense. Reading does start with shapes, which slowly resolve to make a certain meaning, filtered through our own subjectivity and our senses. That will never change.
8．What does Andy Miller mean by “I’m a recent convert” in paragraph 2?
A．I like the reader’s voice. B．I enjoy my daily routines.
C．I fall in love with audiobook. D．I am addicted to reading novels.
9．What does Andy Miller think of the audiobook?
A．It has a good voice. B．It limits our interpretation.
C．It controls our skills and tastes. D．It misleads our interpretation.
10．What is Don Delillo’s attitude to reading the actual book?
A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Favourable.
11．What is the best title of the text?
A．Easy listening: the rise of the audiobook?
B．The audiobook-a growing trend in reading
C．Slow reading-the decline of the actual book?
D．A new experience: the appearance of audiobook
【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了有声读物兴起并分析了形成这种现象的主要因素。
8．词句猜测题。根据第二段上文“Kit Waal, my friend, said, “you should get the audiobook Old Filth; it’s fantastic.” She was right. I could walk the dog and still be reading a brilliant novel, or have one read to me brilliantly. I loved that book and I loved that way of reading it.(我的朋友基特·瓦尔(Kit Waal)说，“你应该去买本有声书Old Filth；它棒极了。”她是对的。我可以一边遛狗一边读一本精彩的小说，或者让一本书被精彩地读给我听。我喜欢这本书，也喜欢这种阅读方式)”可知，作者爱上了阅读有声书，“I’m a recent convert.”在此处意为“我爱上了阅读有声书”。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We’re all at the mercy of our own skills and tastes, aren’t we? But on audio you are influenced by someone else’s interpretation.(我们都在自己的技能和品味的支配下，不是吗?但在音频上，你会受到其他人的解读的影响)”可知，有声书会让读者受到其他人的解读的影响，读者会按照别人的解读去阅读，这会限制读者自己的解读，Andy Miller认为有声书可能限制了我们的解释。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I once met the writer Don Delillo. In response to a question about the process of writing, he remarked that he sometimes became attracted by the shape of particular letters, by the way individual words appeared before him, their beauty beyond meaning and the relationship to meaning.(我曾经见过作家唐·德里罗。在回答一个关于写作过程的问题时，他说，他有时会被特定字母的形状、出现在他面前的单个单词的方式、它们超越意义的美以及与意义的关系所吸引)”可推知，Don Delillo会被出现的某个单词吸引，可得出对于阅读实体书他的态度是赞成的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In recent years, there has been a rise in the volume of audiobook sales, which is easily aided by the dominance of the smartphone. Other contributors to the rise beyond
technology?(近年来，有声书的销量一直在上升，这很容易得益于智能手机的主导地位。除了技术之外，还有其他因素促成了这种崛起吗？)”可知，文章主要讲述了有声读物兴起并分析了形成这种现象的主要因素，A项“轻松聆听：有声读物的兴起？”符合文意。故选A。
6.【2022届四川省攀枝花市高三第二次统一考试】
“I’m not a reader.” It’s a common reply that Julia Torres, a teacher-librarian in Denver Public School, has heard throughout her 16-year career. She’s seen students tear up books, throw them away or check them out only to immediately return them all because they didn’t have confidence in their ability to read.
As a librarian, Torres feels strongly that libraries should be spaces of liberation, places where students can develop a love of reading at any stage. Reading is a skill that everyone can grow to love, but too many negative experiences during a child’s literacy (读写能力) education can result in boredom, lack of interest or even anger. When a student has a poor experience like being shamed for their reading choices, they can begin to associate reading with painful feelings of insecurity, shame and stress.
To prevent reading disorder (阅读障碍) practices, as Torres notes, librarians first can build an inclusive (内容丰富的) library where classified collections can make it easier for students to find out the books they want and also help identify gaps in the collections. Reevaluating librarians’ role is necessary, which allows students to take control of the library and have a say in what’s purchased for the collection, directly exciting students’ reading interest. Instead of hosting traditional book fairs where students have to pay for books, it is better to open up a True Book Fair, where students are invited to choose books intentionally to their interests without any costs. Librarians are recommended to read what students are reading. Another two important approaches to preventing reading disorder are to take a look at the library policies and redefine (重新定义) what counts as reading. It is necessary to get rid of fines, check-out limits, security gates, and punishment policies. Plus, students are encouraged to listen to audiobooks or read picture books. Find a way to teach important skills like comprehension or critical thinking with the texts that excite and interest students.
4．What does the underlined sentence “I’m not a reader” in Paragraph 1 infer?
A．Some students are not interested in reading.
B．Some students have no ability to read books.
C．Some students don’t borrow books from the library.
D．Some students haven’t tried to read for entertainment.
5．What is directly linked with exciting students’ reading interests?
A．Getting rid of library rules. B．Making their own choices.
C．Librarians’ recommendation. D．Reducing charges caused by reading.
6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．What leads to students’ difficulty in reading.
B．How negative reading experiences affect students.
C．How to reduce reading disorder as student librarians.
D．Why to decrease reading disorder as student librarians.
7．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To do a research on reading disorder.
B．To offer suggestions to the librarians.
C．To analyze why reading disorder forms.
D．To draw attention to reading disorder prevention.
【答案】4．A5．B6．C7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍图书管理员Julia Torres的经历，说明了什么是阅读障碍，以及如何预防阅读障碍。
4．词句猜测题。通过文章划线句下文“She’s seen students tear up books, throw them away or check them out only to immediately return them all because they didn’t have confidence in their ability to read. (她曾见过一些学生因为对自己的阅读能力没有信心，就把书撕了、扔了，或者借出后又马上把书还回去)”可推知，划线句“I’m not a reader (我不是一个读者)”意味着“一些学生对阅读不感兴趣”。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Reevaluating librarians’ role is necessary, which allows students to take control of the library and have a say in what’s purchased for the collection, directly exciting students’ reading interest. (重新评估图书管理员的角色是必要的，这让学生能够拥有对图书馆的管理权以及对购买什么来作为藏书的话语权，这直接激发了学生的阅读兴趣)”可推知，让学生们自己做选择与激发学生的阅读兴趣有直接关系。故选B项。
6．主旨大意题。通过文章第三段“To prevent reading disorder (阅读障碍) practices, as Torres notes, librarians first can build an inclusive library (Torres指出，为了预防阅读障碍，图书馆员首先可以建立一个内容丰富的图书馆)”以及“Librarians are recommended to read what students are reading. (建议图书管理员阅读学生正在阅读的内容)”和“Another two important approaches to preventing reading disorder (预防阅读障碍的另外两个重要方法)”可推知，本段主要介绍了一些作为图书管理员，应该如何帮助学生减少阅读障碍的方法。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段“Another two important approaches to preventing reading disorder
(预防阅读障碍的另外两种重要方法)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让读者注意阅读障碍的预防。故选D项。
7.【2022届新疆维吾尔自治区高三年级第二次诊断性测试】
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress that does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be.
Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself a number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of you, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better control your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extend you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnaney 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely to get ill.
4．What can we learn about the stress from Paragraph 2?
A．It makes you expect too much.
B．It lets you never say “no” when asked for.
C．It can prevent you from getting angry easily.
D．It may let you have got the sickness of high blood.
5．Which can best explain the sentence “If there were no stress in your life, you would achieve little.”?
A．The more stress you are under, the better your performance will be.
B．With much stress, your level of performance will be low.
C．It’s time for you to control your stress.
D．Too much stress is harmful.
6．If the total stress in your life is 160, what does that mean?
A．You are fine. B．Everything is OK.
C．You are likely to have medical problems. D．You have nothing to worry about.
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．An unknown word “stress”. B．Stress — good or bad?
C．Various events. D．The cause of high blood.
【答案】4．D5．A6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论压力的优缺点。文章告诉我们适度的压力可以促进我们的表现，但是一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多的负面影响。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. (近年来，压力一直被视为从高血压到精神疾病等一系列医学问题的原因)”可知，压力可能会导致高血压等疾病，故选D。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve little. (现在是时候考虑一下，如果你的生活没有压力，你将几乎取得不了什么成就)”可知，本句主要说明在生活中压力越小，取得的成就越小。反之，你承受的压力越大，取得的成就会更多，会使你表现得更好。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. (近年来，压力一直被视为从高血压到精神疾病等一系列医学问题的原因)”及最后一段“If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely to get ill. (如果你生活中的总压力超过150，你有两倍生病的可能性)”可知，压力值超过150，患病几率是正常的两倍。由此推知，当生活压力值高达160时，患病几率更大，更可能患医学疾病。故选C。
7．文章大意题。根据根据第三段“But like so many other things, it is only too much stress that does you harm. (但就像许多其他事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你)”及“If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be. (如果你被困在家里没有压力，那么你的表现水平就会很低。到某一点，你承受的压力越大，你的表现就越好)”及最后一段“If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely to get ill. (如果你生活中的总压力超过150，你有两倍生病的可能性)”可知，本文告诉我们适度的压力可以促进我们的表现，但是一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多的负面影响，导致疾病。由此可知，文章主要讨论的是“压力——是好还是不好？”故选B。
8.【2023届四川省内江市高中新高三零模考试】
Famous for its tolerance (宽容) as well as its narrow houses and broad canals (运河), Amsterdam is undergoing a change of attitude when it comes to the millions of tourists that come to see it each year. Tolerance has reached its limits in the capital of Dutch, which is now actively urging visitors to head elsewhere.
Ellen van Loon, a partner at Dutch architectural firm OMA says, “We don’t want to turn into a Venice. While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion Euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city.”
Netherlands tourist officials recently took the decision to stop advertising the country as a tourist destination. Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country’s future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam’s livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn’t taken.
Solutions (解决办法) listed include working to discourage groups of visitors by either limiting or completely shutting down accommodation and entertainment products aimed at them, as well as spreading visitors to other parts of the Netherlands. Some of these measures have already come into play. Last year, the famous “I Amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city’s main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various “lesser-known neighborhoods” in order to entice travelers to leave the center of the city.
But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success? Like many other locals, Van Loon fears Amsterdam has lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there’s something in the character of Amsterdam they love,” she explains. “But at a certain point, when the number of tourists is increasing and increasing, they actually kill what they loved in the first place.”
8．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?
A．Amsterdam doesn’t necessarily copy Venice.
B．Venice does more poorly than Amsterdam.
C．Amsterdam is more popular than Venice.
D．Venice is suffering from over-tourism.
9．Why did Amsterdam advise visitors to head elsewhere?
A．To avoid much spending on city management.
B．To turn the focus on destination promoting.
C．To promote the development of other areas.
D．To reduce its pressure of mass visitors.
10．What does the underlined word entice in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Promise. B．Persuade. C．Inform. D．Allow.
11．What’s Van Loon’s attitude to the measure?
A．Skeptical. B．Intolerant. C．Ambiguous. D．Positive.
【答案】8．D9．D10．B11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述因为游客过多让阿姆斯特丹面临了很大的压力，因此当局采取了相应的措施。
8．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion Euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city. (虽然旅游业每年为荷兰经济带来约820亿欧元的收入，但我们目前面临的问题是，阿姆斯特丹深受游客的喜爱，来这里的游客实在太多了)”，可知，虽然荷兰每年从旅游业上给经济带来了很大受益，但是却又承受了因为游客多而带来的问题。所以“We don’t want to turn into a Venice. (我们不想变成威尼斯)”，言外之意是威尼斯正遭受旅游过度之苦。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion Euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city. (虽然旅游业每年为荷兰经济带来约820亿欧元的收入，但我们目前面临的问题是，阿姆斯特丹深受游客的喜爱，来这里的游客实在太多了)”和第三段“Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country's future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam's livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn't taken. (他们今年早些时候发布的“2030年展望”报告指出，现在的重点将是“目的地管理”，而不是“目的地推广”。该文件还描述了该国未来的战略，承认如果不采取行动，阿姆斯特丹的宜居性将受到“游客超载”的严重影响)”，可知，因为游客过多导致阿姆斯特丹面临了很多的压力。因此当局建议游客去别的地方以减少大量游客的压力。故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Last year, the famous “I Amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city's main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various “lesser-known neighborhoods” in order to entice travelers to leave the center of the city. (去年，著名的“I Amsterdam”标志被从该市主要美术馆Rijksmuseum外拆除。这两米高的字母已被转移到各种“鲜为人知的社区”，以便entice游客离开市中心)”
，结合本段主要讲述阿姆斯特丹为了减轻过度旅游带来的压力的措施，可知这样做的目的是为了说服游客离开市中心。因此可以推断entice表示“说服”之意。Persuade“说服”符合题意。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success? Like many other locals, Van Loon fears Amsterdam has lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there's something in the character of Amsterdam they love,” she explains. (但是，正在实施的措施是否足以使其免受自身成功的损害？和许多其他当地人一样，Van Loon担心阿姆斯特丹永远失去了它的独特性。她解释说：“游客来这里的原因是，他们喜欢阿姆斯特丹的特色。”)”，可知，Van Loon对此事表示担心。因此对于这些措施他表示怀疑的态度。Skeptical“怀疑的”符合题意。故选A。
9. 【山东省济南市2022届高三年级1月学情检测（一模）】
When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI),” many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.
Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data—that is, to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained on. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.
AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied for cancer discovery and much more.
Despite the increase in research, TL has received relatively little visibility. While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.
By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new
directions.
1．What does the author think of TL?
A．It is a potential technique.
B．It is of help in large data sets.
C．It is an important AI breakthrough.
D．It is a reliable solution to multitasks.
2．In which aspect does TL show its advantages?
A．Acquiring knowledge.
B．Discovering questions.
C．Collecting training data.
D．Improving generalization.
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．TL has little value.
B．TL is a heated topic.
C．TL draws public attention.
D．TL is not well recognized.
4．What’s the purpose of this text?
A．To clarify some misconceptions.
B．To introduce a small data approach.
C．To predict the promising future of AI.
D．To emphasize the significance of data.
【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是迁移学习这种小数据研究方法。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.（但AI不仅是大型数据集，在过去的十年中，小数据方法的研究得到了广泛的发展，迁移学习是一个特别有前途的例子，当您对感兴趣的任务只有很少的数据，但对相关问题有足够的数据时，它是很有帮助的。）”可知，作者认为TL是一种很有潜力的技术，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.（TL模型的工作原理是将知识从一个任务转移到另一个任务，因此，即使只有有限的数据，TL模型对提高新任务的泛化能力也非常有帮助。）”可知，在提高泛化能力方面，TL发挥了其优势，故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.（尽管许多机器学习专家和数据科学家都熟悉人工智能，但TL等技术似乎还没有让决策者和商业领袖意识到在人工智能融资和采用方面做出重要决定的更广阔空间。）”可知，“TL has received relatively little visibility”的意思是TL还没有得到很好的认可，故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods.（像TL这样的小数据方法比更多的数据密集型方法有很多优势。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是TL这种小数据方法，因此目的是介绍一种小数据方法。故选B。
10.【河北省衡水市冀州区第一中学2022届高三上学期期末】
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people
who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
1．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Warned. B．Criticized.
C．Touched. D．Amused.
2．What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A．Improvements in living conditions.
B．Growing pressure from family and social life.
C．Increasing material possessions from families.
D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
3．What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A．Understanding. B．Intolerant.
C．Supportive. D．Unclear.
4．What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A．They never really drop their responsibilities.
B．They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D．They would rather escape than take challenges.
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战 )”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。