英语（北京B卷）-2023年高考第二次模拟考试卷

2023年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷

英语·全解全析

(本试卷共100分。考试时长90分钟。)

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如

需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写

在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We’ve all heard the saying “Laughter is the best medicine”. And there might be something in this idiom. Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater ___1___ tend to have better medical outcomes.

For instance, a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees ___2___ the normal flu injection. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to ___3___ more flu-fighting antibodies. Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.

But does happiness lead to good ___4___, or is it the other way around? After all, it could be that people who have strong immune systems ___5___ have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.

Here is a possible evolutionary ___6___. Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to ___7___ food and protect themselves from wild animals. We were happier with a(n) ___8___ network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) ___9___ such as flu and colds, so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genes that fight these diseases.

For those who were ___10___ from society, however, infectious disease was less of a problem, and genes that help recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.

1．A．success B．confidence C．happiness D．determination

2．A．avoiding B．receiving C．missing D．organizing

3．A．produce B．repair C．detect D．absorb

4．A．health B．mood C．relationship D．performance

5．A．gradually B．naturally C．randomly D．rarely

6．A．solution B．prediction C．application D．explanation

7．A．consume B．serve C．secure D．purchase

8．A．fixed B．enormous C．complicated D．close

9．A．functions B．infections C．activities D．systems

10．A．cut off B．taken over C．picked out D．made up

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Possessing more bamboo than any other country in the world, China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue. It has the title of “the gentleman of plants”. It is always ____11____ (close) related to people of positive spirit. For example, ____12____ (it) deep root symbolizes determination, and the straight and hollow stem represents straightness and modesty. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging Chinese people to hold on when ____13____ (face) tough situations.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Last weekend, I participated in a clean-up activity. It was organized by an organization ____14____ aimed to protect natural parks. Our team leader, Joe, ____15____ (take) us to a park outside the city. He divided us into two groups and we worked for several hours. ____16____ made us happy was that the park looked cleaner than it had looked before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. I’ll join too.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Rain bombs ___17___ (create)when hot air mixes with cold air, causing streams of air to drop. However, as the cold air falls, it picks up moisture from the hot air, ___18___ produces heavy rainfalls. Researchers have found that climate change ___19___ (play)a big role in the creation of rain bombs. As rainfalls increase, energy is released, causing more water to evaporate (蒸发)from the oceans. Because of this cycle, many claim that rain bombs ___20___ (increase)by 80% by the end of the century.

第二部分  阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Explore your world — Mirthy

Online events to help you discover, learn and connect

Who is Mirthy?

Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn share and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing.

There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops (手工工坊) to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill — signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for.

How does it work?

Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy.

Once you register for an event you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you!

Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join

Join Mirthy for free today and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free! If you’re up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2.99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4.99 per month.

If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime.

21．What can people do at Mirthy this week?

A．Make art crafts. B．Talk about fitness experience.

C．Learn songs. D．Study wild plants and animals.

22．Which of the following is true about Mirthy?

A．People can sign up for the events online.

B．The events can be watched again at any time.

C．People can upgrade their membership for free.

D．No more than 4 events are offered each month.

23．What’s the main purpose of this passage?

A．To share a lifestyle. B．To recommend a website.

C．To introduce online events. D．To explain a registration process.

B

It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. “Skull space laser dinosaur starship explosion,” I wrote. The app processed for a few seconds, and returned four images, one of which was strangely accurate: a dinosaur-looking skull screamed out of an empty space, trailing fire. It looked like an illustration from the art magazine, and perhaps art from the magazine influenced its creation.

Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. Once they were suitably completed, it “upscaled” them, removing noise and sharpening focus. Its work is so good that an artist using it recently won first place for digital images at the Colorado State Fair.

But there are major ethical (道德的) issues raised by the success of such AIs. The biggest has to do with those training data sets. Reporters recently discovered that the data set used by Text-to-image AIs contained images of violence. Some companies are working on ways to prevent the public from seeing images based on offensive and illegal pictures in the data set. A representative of the companies also noted that the images in its data set are “already available in the public internet on publicly available websites”.

But even if this problem is fixed there is still the question of all the other pictures online that are being transformed into AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment. The image-generating algorithm (算法) creates illustrations and even movies by using data sets stocked with art stolen from artists who post their works online.

Some AI researchers argue that their algorithms aren’t stealing from artists so much as learning from them just as human artists learn from each other. But a more ethical approach would be for companies to acknowledge their debt to artists and create a model of voluntary collective licensing, much like what radio stations first did in radio’s early days. Back then, musicians created groups like BMI to collectively license their music to radio stations — then BMI would pay artists based on how often their songs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.

To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it.

24．What can we learn about Text-to-image AIs from the first two paragraphs?

A．They are developed to process pictures.

B．They are used to describe online pictures.

C．They use a diffusion model to combine pictures.

D．They create their works based on online pictures.

25．One of the issues raised by the success of Text-to-image AIs is ______.

A．the influence upon art creation. B．the availability of online pictures.

C．the neglect of the artists’ copyright. D．the prospect of artists being replaced.

26．Why did the author mention BMI in Paragraph 5?

A．To introduce the role that BMI played in AI history.

B．To present a way to regulate the use of online pictures.

C．To prove the necessity of licensing music to radio stations.

D．To demonstrate the urgency of forming a collecting society.

27．What can we infer from the passage?

A．It is not practical to improve the image-generating algorithm.

B．The function of Text-to-image AIs shouldn’t be underestimated.

C．Human efforts should be valued in the application of Text-to-image AIs.

D．Companies should be held responsible for the illegal pictures on public websites.

C

With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing?

A 2017 study in the journal Frontiers in Psychology found that regions of the brain associated with learning were more active when subjects completed a task by hand instead of on a keyboard. Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.

In fact, there have been many such studies to arrive at that conclusion. One notable example from 2014 compared students who took notes by hand with those who took notes on laptops. They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.” When asked conceptual questions about the lecture, students who had taken notes by hand were better able to answer than those who had typed their notes.

Daniel Oppenheimer, one of the study’s co-authors, told Medium’s Elemental that in order to analyze the lecture, people had to contemplate the material and actually understand the arguments. This helped them learn the material better. The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.

Virginia Berninger, a professor at the University of Washington, says, “When we write a letter of the alphabet, the process of production involves pathways in the brain that go near or through parts that manage emotion.” Pressing a key doesn’t stimulate those pathways the same way. She says, “It’s possible that there’s not the same connection to the emotional part of the brain when people type, as opposed to writing in longhand.” “In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”

Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.

28．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.

A．predict the ending B．introduce the topic

C．emphasize an opinion D．draw a conclusion

29．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．People who write by hand tend to think deeply.

B．People who write by hand are likely to make comparisons.

C．People who write by hand slow down their learning process.

D．People who write by hand find it difficult to improve their memory.

30．As for handwriting, the author thinks it is ________.

A．accurate B．unimportant C．annoying D．beneficial

D

Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used, ending their lives as dishcloths. Not today. Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.

‘Fast fashion’ is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week, when historically this happened four times a year. Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.

The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.

Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling. There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed. Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.

Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.

31．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A．Clothes should be used until they fall apart.

B．Fashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently.

C．Fast fashion leads to a significant increase in fashion waste.

D．Fashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary.

32．According to the author, what does the circular economy focus on?

A．Improving the production of natural textiles.

B．Studying how fast fashion affects the environment.

C．Releasing new lines four times a year instead of every week.

D．Making durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling.

33．What can you infer from the passage?

A．Consumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres.

B．Systems that collect, recycle and reuse are insufficient.

C．Manual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers.

D．Environment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals.

34．What does the author think of the future of fashion industry?

A．Big changes are needed to follow fashion styles.

B．Huge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers.

C．More should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost.

D．Consumers and manufacturers will change their behaviour immediately.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is fashion important to you?____35____From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.

____36____And what impact can this have on their self-expression?

Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance. ____37____In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.

At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others.____38____They are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. In this case, fashion does not express personal individuality but could perhaps be said to give a false impression of appearance for a specific purpose.

That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality.____39____Adding glam here and there, rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.

Having considered all this, to my way of thinking, fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous designer once said, “Fashion is instant language.”

A．Is it a trend we must follow?

B．But why are people following fashion?

C．For most people it is, at least to some extent.

D．For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing.

E．These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the wearer.

F．There are always fashion followers, even though fashion is constantly changing.

G．An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small personalized changes.

第三部分  书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

The Grand Canal is a vast waterway system in China, running from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south. It stretches for nearly 3,200 kilometers and passes through eight of the country’s provinces and municipalities.

Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the canal is the longest and oldest artificial river in the world. It has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability, and is in use today as a major means of transportation.

The Beijing section of the Grand Canal is 82 km long. Along it, cultural relics and sites on both banks are important symbols of culture and are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.

The city government has unveiled two development plans: the first is an implementation plan for the protection, inheritance and utilization of the canal’s cultural values; the second is a construction plan for building a Grand Canal-themed national cultural park.

The plan sets up three implementation milestones in the next five years. In 2020, efforts have been made to lay a firm foundation for the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, with the Tongzhou section of the canal open to navigation and a management mechanism of the park established. By 2023, significant progress is expected to be made in coordinating the protection and utilization of cultural resources along the canal, with the national cultural park basically set up. By 2025, the park will become a new cultural landmark in Beijing. The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development. Cities along the canal by then will welcome further coordinated or integrated development.

The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, a valued asset for the capital, is marked out as a river boasting rich cultural resources, ecological value, social benefits and economic potential. The capital is set to roll out more measures to bring out the best in the canal.

40．According to the passage, what roles has the Grand Canal played?

________________

41．What does the Beijing government consider a top priority for protection along the Grand Canal?

________________

42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

With its protected cultural resources and improved ecological conservation along its banks, the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.

________________

43．There are many UNESCO World Heritage sites in China. What can we do to protect them?(In about 40 words)

________________

第二节（20分）

44．你校正在组织作文比赛，请以你身边值得感恩的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1. 介绍人物；2. 说明理由。

注意：

1. 词数120左右；

2. 短文题目已为你写好。

The One I’m Grateful to

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