人教版英语八年级下册全册知识点讲解与单元测试卷：人教版英语八年级下册Unit 7 What＇s the highest mountain in the world知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）

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人教版英语八年级下册
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?
知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）

【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size (P. 49)
square用作形容词，表示“平方的”，用于数字后面表示面积。
Our new house is 95 square metres in size.
2. 1,025 meters deep. (P. 49)
英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为：基数词+单位词+形容词(long, wide, high, deep)。
The rope is two meters long.
3. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (P. 49)
any other意为“其他任何一个”，后接可数名词单数，常用于比较级结构中，表示最高级含义，可与“the other+可数名词复数”或者the others互换。
Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.
4. China has the biggest population in the world. (P. 50)
population表示“人口”，是集合名词，对人口数量提问时，用what而不用how many/much，population若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式，强调个体时，谓语用复数形式。
What’s the population in China now?
The population of this small town is three thousand.
More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.
5. The main reason was to protect their part of the country. (P. 50)
protect表示“保护”时，常用的结构为：protect...from...“保护……免受……”。
Humans should do something to protect the environment.
The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine.
6. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. (P. 50)
as far as I know意为“就我所知、我认为”，相当于as far as I am concerned。
As far as I know, he’ll be away from three months.
7. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)
“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最……之一”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary is one of the best students in our class.
8. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (P. 51)
include表示“包含、包括”，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分，including常用作介词，表示“包括”。
The book includes eight units.
He has many friends, including Tom.
9. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. (P. 51)
take in意为“吸收”。
Do you know how plants take in water?
10. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. (P. 51)
succeed表示“成功”，常用的结构为：succeed to do sth.或者succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”。
The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end.
=The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end.
11. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (P. 51)
(1) challenge意为“挑战、考验”，challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向……某人挑战做某事”。
He challenged me to play chess.
(2) in the face意为“面对（问题或者困难）”
They showed courage in the face of danger.
12. The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. (P. 51)
achieve用作动词，表示“达到、完成、成功”。
I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.
13. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous. (P. 51)
even though意为“即使、虽然”，相当于even if，引导让步状语从句。
Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer.
Section B
1. weighs 5,0000 kilos (P. 53)
weigh此处作动词，表示“有……重”，名词是weight。
The baby weighed about 5 kilometres.
What is his weight?
2. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. (P. 53)
“倍数+比较级+than”表示“比……大/多多少倍”。
The room looks three times bigger than that one.
3. At birth, a baby panda is about...(P. 53)
at birth表示“出生时”。
The baby weighed three kilometres at birth.
4. A panda can live up to...(P. 53)
up to表示“达到（某种数量或者程度）”
The theatre can hold up to 500 people.
【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人决定”
You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.
5. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. (P. 54)
① prepare for sth.“为……做准备”
They are preparing for the party tonight.
② prepare...for...“为……准备……”
We should prepare some sweets for Children’s Day.
③ be prepared for“为……作准别”
The players are well prepared for the match.
6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. (P. 54)
awake用作形容词，表示“醒着的”，反义词是asleep。
Is the baby asleep or awake?
7. Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54)
or so意为“大约”，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。
There are 30 workers or so in the factory.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. as big as… 与……一样大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of… ……的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. take in 吸入；吞入（体内）
15. in the face of difficulties 面对困难
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然；尽管
21. at birth 出生时
22. be awake 醒着
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. the first person to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
重点句型
1. any other+名词单数 其他任何一个......
2. feel free to ask sb sth on ...... 就...随意问某人某事
3. one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最....的....之一
4. what’s the+形容词最高级+名词 in the world?世界上最....的....是什么？
5. protect....from/against....保护....使不受；防御
6. succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事
7. teach sb about sth 教某人有关.....内容
8. send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事
9. There be sb/sth doing.....有某人/物正在做某事
【语法讲解】
（一） 基数词
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000：ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。
e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
III. 基数词表示编号
例如：
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
（二） 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
I. 规则变化

构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词+er/est
short
shorter
shortest
cold
colder
coldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st
wide
wider
widest
large
larger
largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/est
heavy

heavier
heaviest
busy
busier
busiest
多音节词在前面+more/most
important
more important
most important
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
II. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
② 形容词比较级用法。
I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
II. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较……之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。
e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？
2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。
e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
IV. 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
③ 形容词最高级用法。
I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
III. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几……”。
e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
例如：
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
【单元测试卷】
单项选择（每小题1分， 共15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(    ) 21. The apartment my parents live in is about 360 square feet _______ size.
A. for                 B. on C. in                D. at
(    ) 22. During his second day Edward looked _______ more tired than on his first day.
A. even              B. quite C. only            D. pretty
(    ) 23. I can still remember this thing, _______ it was so long ago.
A. as long as      B. even though C. as soon as    D. so that
(    ) 24. My father doesn’t want to continue working in the factory because of poor working _______.
A. experiences    B. opinions  C. conditions     D. relations
(    ) 25. Look! _______ black clouds are covering the sky. It’s going to rain. 
A. Thick             B. Thin C. Dark             D. Bright
(    ) 26.—Linda, you look thinner. How much do you _______ now?
—About 50 kilos.
A. develop          B. rise  C. drop               D. weigh
(    ) 27. After the haze (雾霾) weather, the pressure to _______ the environment is
strong and growing.
A. control          B. create C. protect            D. provide
(    ) 28. She was trying to pass her driving test and she finally _______.
A. succeeded     B. fell C. understood       D. hurt
(    ) 29. The bookcase _______ when we tried to move it. Luckily, it wasn’t broken.
A. lay down       B. fell over C. ran out             D. took off
(    ) 30. She used to lie _______ at night worrying about how to pay for the house.       
A. weak            B. awake C. asleep               D. strong
(    ) 31. The mountain is so high that it’s difficult for us to _______ air on the top of it.
A. take up       B. take down C. take in           D. take away
(    ) 32. Helen is the second _______ girl in the talent show. I enjoy watching her dancing.
A. popular       B. more popular  C. most popular    D. the most popular
(    ) 33. Lake Qinghai is larger than _______ salt lake in China with an area of 4,583 km2.
A. another       B. any other C. the other         D. others
(    ) 34. Tina gave up _______ the violin last year because she became interested in the piano.
A. playing       B. play C. to play            D. played
(    ) 35. —He remembered our names from ten years ago.
—_______.
A. Oh, that’s right
B. Wow, that’s amazing
C. Well, it’s OK
D. Hmm, it’s strange
完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）
先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
The Andes Mountains are the longest and one of the highest mountain ranges (山脉) in the world. They run through 7 countries in South America. Although life is  36   easy there, the Inca people lived in the Andes Mountains for hundreds of years. The old and famous Inca Empire began around 13th century (世纪) and didn’t come to an end   37   the late 16th century.
Corn was the Inca people’s   38   food because it could grow very well in the high mountains. Tomatoes, potatoes and another grain (谷物) called quinoa were also popular. When the Inca people   39   peppers with quinoa, they could make a kind of delicious soup.
The llama, a kind of animal, is another   40   why the Inca people could live in such a terrible environment. It   41   the Inca people with milk and meat. At the same time, it   42   be used to carry lots of heavy things.
Most Inca people were farmers   43   the villages they lived in were very small. Even Cuzco, the capital (首都), was not a large city. In Cuzco, the Inca people   44   walls with huge stones. Some of the walls were more than 7 meters   45  . Even today, centuries later, the stones fit together so well that you can’t even put a ruler between them.
(    ) 36. A. too              B. already  C. never                  D. still
(    ) 37. A. until        B. after    C. from              D. past
(    ) 38. A. only        B. main    C. cheap             D. healthy
(    ) 39. A. mixed         B. added   C. put               D. cut
(    ) 40. A. fact         B. answer C. way                D. reason
(    ) 41. A. fed          B. found   C. protected          D. provided 
(    ) 42. A. could          B. should C. must               D. need
(    ) 43. A. and         B. or       C. so                  D. but
(    ) 44. A. touched    B. used     C. built                D. bought
(    ) 45. A. big          B. high C. old                        D. deep
情景交际（每小题1分，共5分）
根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。
A: Hi, Megan. How are you today?
B: I’m fine. (46) _______
A: You’re right. But it’s not just cold. Everything is frozen!
B: It snowed a lot last night.
A: (47) _______
B: That’s a good idea. We can ask our friends to come.
A: What activity do you think we should do?
B: (48) _______ Skiing is a lot of fun!
A: OK. I can learn to ski from you. Where can we go skiing? (49) _______
B: That’s true. What about Eagle Mountain?  
A: Oh, yeah. Mark went skiing there last year.
B: Right. And he had a really good time. 
A: (50) _______ Do you think it’s OK for beginners?
B: I think so. 
A: OK. Let’s meet at the store on our way to Eagle Mountain.
A. What hot weather it is!
B. I think we should go skiing.
C. I am good at skiing.
D. But the weather is really cold outside.
E. Eagle Mountain sounds pretty scary.
F. There aren’t too many hills around here.
G. Maybe we can plan an outside activity to enjoy the snow.
阅读理解（每小题2分，共20分）
A
Cristina is a Portuguese student. She decided to improve her English during the summer holiday. So she took a two weeks’ summer course (课程) in the Embassy School, Oxford. Now let’s read about her experience.
It was a wonderful experience. The school was on one of the city’s most famous streets. The teachers were very nice and the classrooms were modern.
The Embassy School wasn’t a boarding school (寄宿学校), so I stayed with an English family during those two weeks. It was an excellent opportunity to practice my English. They couldn’t speak Portuguese, so I tried my best to communicate with them in English. They lived in a beautiful house. I loved staying with them because they were very friendly. Every morning, I took the bus to school.
Classes started at 9 a.m. and finished at 4 p.m. We had three classes in the morning and two classes in the afternoon. I learned a lot and met classmates from all over the world. We also visited the most famous places of the country.
It was the best summer holiday I’ve ever had. My English got much better and I made a lot of new friends.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(    ) 51. How long was Cristina’s summer course?
A. One week.       B. Two weeks.     C. One month.      D. Two months.  
(    ) 52. The underlined word “opportunity” in Paragraph 3 means “______” in Chinese.
A. 习惯 B. 灵感 C. 机会 D. 仪式
(    ) 53. How did Cristina go to school every morning?
A. By bus.       B. By bike.  C. By car.     D. On foot.
(    ) 54. How many classes did Cristina have every day?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
(    ) 55. What can we learn about Cristina?
A. She lived in an old house.
B. She spoke Portuguese with her classmates.
C. She didn’t visit any famous places in England.
D. She thought her summer holiday was wonderful.
B
Hi, my name is Joseph and there’s something I’d like to share with you ...
My 16-year-old son, Dylan, told everyone that one of the most amazing experiences of his life was the trip to South Africa last summer. Most people would think that he was on a vacation there. But Dylan spent almost the whole ten days of his trip building houses for people there. It was hard and dirty work. I never thought that he would enjoy it, but he loved every minute of it.
Encouraging (鼓励) teenagers to do volunteer work is one of the most important things you can do for them as a parent. And the amazing thing is, once they get a taste of it, teenagers will love to volunteer. And students who do volunteer work do better in school than those who don’t volunteer. In fact, volunteering provides many things for teenagers, including a wonderful experience and a good chance (机会) to meet new people. 
It’s not difficult to find volunteer jobs for teenagers. They can find them in hospitals, libraries, children’s museums and so on.
根据材料内容简要回答下列问题。
56. What did Dylan think of his trip to South Africa?
________________________________________
57. What did Dylan do in South Africa?
________________________________________
58. Does the writer think parents should encourage their children to do volunteer work?
________________________________________
59. What can teenagers get from volunteering?
________________________________________
60. Where can teenagers find volunteer jobs?
________________________________________
词汇运用（每小题1分，共10分）
A) 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。
61. The country has a(n) _________ (人口) of 65,000,000. It’s not large.
62. Their tent gave little _________ (保护) against the storm.
63. I will finish reading the _________ (剩余的) part of the book in two hours.
64. Hundreds of _________ (旅行者) visit this ancient temple every day.
65. The hole is a lot _________ (深的) than that one.
B) 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
66. They were proud (骄傲的) of their children’s ________ (achieve).
67. Our tour ________ (include) a visit to the Science Museum last week.
68. Of the three roads, Xin Yuan Road is the ________ (wide).
69. When I saw a plane flying in the sky, I jumped with ________ (excite).
70. If your child shows any signs of ________ (ill), take him or her to the doctor.
完成句子（每小题2分，共10分）
根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
71. 就我所知，她买了一座新房子。
______________, she bought a new house.
72. 面对这样强大的力量, 我们无能为力。
We are powerless ______________ such forces.
73. 多达两百人正在广场上跳舞。
______________ two hundred people are dancing on the square.
74. 他们为慈善机构募捐了大约两百英镑。
They raised two hundred pounds ______________ for charity.
75. 那个婴儿出生时只有两公斤重。
The baby was only 2 kilos ______________.
综合填空（每小题1分，共10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每词限用一次。
angry, question, why, wait, hour, change, die, fast, without, smile
A doctor quickly went to the hospital after he was called for an emergency operation (紧急手术). He (76) ________ his clothes and went to the operation room.
A man was waiting outside the operation room. When he saw the doctor, he shouted, “(77) ________ do you come so late? Don’t you know that my son is in danger?”
The doctor (78) ________ and said, “I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I went back as (79) ________ as I could ... Now, I wish you’d calm down (镇静) so that I can do my work.”
“Calm down?! If your son was in this room right now, would you calm down?” asked the man (80) ________.
The doctor smiled and replied, “We will try our best.”
The operation took several (81) ________. When the doctor went out, he said, “Your son is saved. If you have any (82) ________, please ask the nurse.”
(83) ________ waiting for the man’s reply, the doctor went away.
“Why was he so arrogant (傲慢的)? Couldn’t he (84) ________ a few minutes so that I could ask him about my son’s state (情况)?” asked the man when he saw the nurse.
“His son (85) ________ in a road accident yesterday. He was in the funeral (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s operation,” answered the nurse.
书面表达（15分）
假如你是海伦（Helen），你的村庄古老但风景优美，尤其是高大奇美的山和平缓清澈的流水，吸引了许多游客。你的美国笔友乔（Joe）想了解你们村庄，请你用英语写一封信向他介绍你的村庄。
要求：1. 恰当运用比较级和最高级；2. 80词左右，可适当发挥。信的格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Joe,
Our village is ancient but its mountains and rivers attract many tourists.
                                                                                                                
                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                        


Yours,
Helen
参考答案
21-25 CABCA  26-30 DCABB  31-35 CCBAB
36-40 CABAD  41-45 DAACB
46-50 DGBFE
51-55 BCADD
56. Amazing.     
57. He built houses for people there. 
58. Yes, he does.
59. A wonderful experience and a good chance to meet new people. 
60. In hospitals, libraries, children’s museums and so on.
61. population  62. protection  63. remaining
64. tourists  65. deeper  66. achievements
67. included  68. widest   69. excitement
70. illness
71. As far as I know  72. in the face of  73. Up to  74. or so  75. at birth
76. changed  77. Why  78. smiled  79. fast  80. angrily  81. hours 
82. question(s) 83. Without  84. wait  85. died
One possible version:
Dear Joe,
Our village is ancient but its mountains and rivers attract many tourists. The mountains are in different shapes. They look amazing. Of all the mountains, Mount Lingshi is the highest. It’s about 1,000 meters high. Few people in our village have climbed it. The rivers run quietly and the water in them is very clean. Shuiniu River is longer than any other river in our village and it’s about ten meters deep — the deepest of all the rivers in our village. Also, if you come to my village, you can enjoy  the wonderful clean air.
Yours,
Helen